An Age of Ideologies 4.1 Conservatives Prefer the Old Order
Ideologies are systems of thought andbelief. Conservatives In the Concert of Europe, conservatives agreed to worktogether to support the political and social order thathad existed before. Conservatives wanted to return to the way things werebefore the French Revolution in 1789. They wanted to restore the royal families to the thronesthey had lost when Napoleon swept across France. Conservatives Conservatives also backed the established church.
They supported a social hierarchy in which lower classes looked upto and respected the higher class. They thought that natural rights and constitutional governmentcould only lead to chaos. Opposed freedom of the press and thought protests should becrushed. Answer the Following Questions
1. What was the main goal of the conservatives in theConcert of Europe?Give three examples of how werethey going to achieve this? 2. Using the definition of what an ideology is, how isconservatism an ideology? Liberals and Nationalists Seek Change
Liberals were inspired by the Enlightenment.Theychallenged the conservatives. Liberalism and Nationalism started many revolts. Liberals wanted governments to be based on writtenconstitutions and separation of powers. They defended the Enlightenment ideas of natural rights ofpeople, liberty, equality, and property. Also that thereshould be a separation of powers and that government isresponsible to the people. They called for rulers to be elected by the people. Liberalism The role of government was to protect basic rights likefreedom of thought, speech, and religion. Later they supported the idea of universal manhoodsuffrage, giving all adult men the right to vote. They supported the ideas of Adam Smith.They sawthe free market as an opportunity for business peopleto succeed. Nationalism In the 1800s, national groups that shared a commonheritage set out to win their own states. Nationalism gave people with a common heritage asense of identity and the goal of creating their ownhomeland. Nationalism also gave rise to intolerance and led topersecution of other groups. Questions 3. How did liberalism reflect Enlightenment ideals?
4. Identify the goals of liberals. 5. What were the goals of nationalists? Central Europe Challenges the Old Order
Rebellions erupted in the Balkans, southeastern Europe. This area was inhabited by various groups who had livedunder Ottoman rule for hundreds of years. The first Balkan people to revolt were the Serbs. The Serb leader Karageorge led a war against the Ottomans. It was unsuccessful but led to a revival of Serbian identityand a feeling of nationalism. Serbs 1815 Milos Obrenovic led the Serbs in a secondsuccessful rebellion. Russian support helped the Serbs win autonomy, orself-rule with the Ottoman empire. Greece Revolts 1821 Greeks revolted to end Ottoman rule.
Greeks had the support of romantic writers such asLord Byron. Admirers of Greece backed the Greek rebels. By 1830 Greece was independent. The European powers forced the Greeks to accept aGerman king. Questions 6. How were the two Serbian uprisings different?
7. Who supported the Greeks? Who did the Greeksrevolt against?