Amplified Geochemical Imaging SM – Finding Petroleum Feb 15, 2011 © Copyright 2011 W. L. Gore & Associates Gore ® Amplified Geochemical

Amplified Geochemical ImagingSM – Finding Petroleum Feb 15, 2011

© Copyright 2011 W. L. Gore & Associateswww.gore.com/surveys

Gore® Amplified Geochemical ImagingSM -

The advanced tool for derisking HC exploration

FINDING PETROLEUM, Feb 15, 2011

Presented by

Dirk Hellwig, W.L. Gore & Associates



Today´s Menu

• Innovation Runs through everything we do, Gore Enterprise & Surveys

• Amplified Geochemical Imaging• Earth´s Fractionation Process• AGI – How it works• The advanced tool

• Case studies

• Track Record & Wrap-up



Innovation Runs Through Everything We Do

• Established in 1958, Privately held• ~ $2.5 billion annual sales• 9,000+ associates• Recognized as a “Best Company to Work For” • 50 offices worldwide• Dedication to R&D

Medical Products

Electronic Products

Industrial Products

Fabrics



Gore Survey Products Group, Global resources & locations

Location Resources

Elkton, MD, USA Manufacturing, Lab, Interp., Sales, Leadership

Munich, Germany Interp., Sales, Sales Admin.



GORE Amplified Geochemical Imaging service is:- a surface based- passive- geochemical method- Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator

It measures and maps- HC compounds from the soil gas in the sub part per billion range

It uses- Gore´s unique and highly sensitive passive diffusion module- advanced mathematical and statistical techniques to identify and analyze the microseepage signal

It creates- a comprehensive geochemical dataset that can be interpreted with various techniques (incl. AGI modelling)



Benefit of AGI to your Exploration Program

1000 0 1000 2000 3000

metres

Scale 1:50000

GORE-SORBER Exploration SurveyR

W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES, INC.100 CHESAPEAKE BOULEVARD

ELKTON,MD 21921USA

(410) 392-7600

Petroproduccion EcuadorSansahuari-Cuyabeno Prospect, Ecuador

Plate 1: Singue-1 Oil-like Signature (Model 2)

DATE DRAWN: November 15, 2001

REV. DATE:

DRAWN BY: RF

REV. #:

ORIG. CAD:

PROJECT NUMBER:

SITE CODE:

GORE-SORBER

GORE-SORBER

GORE-SORBER

Exploration Survey

Module

IS REG. PAT. & T.M. OFF.

IS A REGISTERED SERVICE MARK OF W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES

IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES

2001 W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATESC

THIS DRAWING AND ANY ATTACHMENTS HAVE BEEN PRODUCED FOR THE SOLE USE OF THE RECIPIENT AND MUST NOT BE USED, REUSED, REPRODUCED, MODIFIED OR COPIED IN ANY MANNER WITHOUT THE PROPER WRITTEN APPROVAL OF W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES. THIS DRAWING MAY CONTAIN CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES. ANY UNAUTHORIZED USE OF THIS DRAWING IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.

NOTES & DEFINITIONSGeochemical Model: The geochemical difference in surface soil gas signature between

analogous production and background (dry) areas, as defined by groups of model set samples.

This model is used to classify membership of the survey grid samples based on the degree of

similarity to the geochemical signatures of 'production' and 'background'.

Probability Value: The percent probability that the surface geochemical character matches

that modeled over a producing reservoir(s); or in the case of a frontier survey, model set samples

which are selected as exhibiting petroleum-like character.

Anomalous Threshold: The modeled probability value at or above which the geochemical feature

is most likely indicative of petroliferous accumulations

Geochemical Feature: Any collection of contoured surface values which seem to exhibit a common

influence and which may include probability values above and below the anomalous threshold.

NOTE:This map illustrates a computer-generated contour surface of probability values calculated for each

sample location. Probability values are most accurate AT THE SAMPLED LOCATIONS. The contour

surface developed between the data points is an estimate of the probability and is subject to

uncertainty, which increases with distance from each sample location. Further resolution

of the contoured surface may be appropriate through additional soil gas sampling depending on

the end-use of the data.

15.017.520.022.525.027.530.032.535.037.540.042.545.047.550.052.555.057.560.062.565.067.570.072.575.077.580.082.585.087.590.092.595.0

Threshold value=82

Probability%

0 100

0

30

60

10%

30%

50%

70%

90%

Frequency Distribution for Survey Samples

Probability Value

Fre

quency

Thr

esho

ld v

alue

PROJECTION INFORMATIONProjection: PSAD56 / UTM zone 18N

Ellipsoid: PSAD56

Major axis: 6378388

Ellipticity: 0.08199188998

Prime meridian: 0

Projection Method: TransverseMercator

Coordinate Units: m (=1 meters)

Local Datum: PSAD56toWGS84(2)

dX, dY, dZ: -270, 188, -388

Rx, Ry, Rz: 0, 0, 0

Scale: 0

LEGEND

Probability ValueSample Number

Oil well

Dry well10

0050

0010

0100

0010

0150

0010

0200

0010

0250

00

1000500010010000

1001500010020000

10025000

355000 360000

355000 360000

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

Probability%

OIL Well

DRY Well

• Frontier Acreage – is my concession prospective (evidence of a petroleum system)?

• Assess charge potential in defined leads to help reduce drilling risks

•Field development to find field extents and/or bypassed pay

• Onshore & Offshore Capability

• Frontier Acreage – is my concession prospective (evidence of a petroleum system)?

• Assess charge potential in defined leads to help reduce drilling risks

•Field development to find field extents and/or bypassed pay

• Onshore & Offshore Capability



Hydrocarbons from reservoir

Background hydrocarbons

Hyd

rocarbons alon

g

faults

Vertical Migration

The Earth´s Fractionation Process

Macroseepage: Detectable in visible amountsPathway follows discontinuitiesOffset from source/reservoir

Microseepage: Detectable in analytical amounts

Pathway is nearly verticalOverlie source/reservoir

VS



Four possible mechanisms:1) Diffusion - gradient movement of dissolved gases2) Aqueous transport - movement in ascending water3) Continuous gas phase flow

Favoured mechanism:4) Microbuoyancy - transport in buoyant microbubbles

• Direct surface projection of reservoirs• Migration in the absence of faults• Rapid changes in surface anomalies as production

starts

“Vertical

Migration

Mechanisms”

Klusman, R.W., and M.A. Saeed, 1996, Comparison of light hydrocarbon microseepage mechanisms, in

D. Schumacher and M.A. Abrams, eds., Hydrocarbon migration and its near-surface

expression: AAPG Memoir 66, pp. 157-168.

Brown, A., 2000, Evaluation of possible gas microseepage mechanisms, AAPG Bulletin, pp. 1775-1789.

Vertical Migration - Microseepage

The Earth´s Fractionation Process



Gore Sampler (Module)

• Patented, passive, sorbent-based– Chemically-inert, waterproof, vapor

permeable– Direct detection of organic compounds– Sample integrity protected

• Engineered sorbents– Consistent sampling medium– Minimal water vapor uptake

• Time-integrated sampling– Minimize near-surface variability– Maximize sensitivity (up to C20)– Avoids variables inherent in instantaneous sampling

• Duplicate samples

Amplified Geochemical Imaging - How it works

GORETM vapor permeable membrane casing

Adsorbent



Module installation & retrieval


Secure module, mark field location, record GPS data and field notes

Create installation hole

Insert module into hole & cover

Onshore



• Slick sampling and analysis to validate petroleum systems

• Macroseep & seabed feature targeting to validate petroleum system

• Transition zone (0-40 meters) mapping of direct hydrocarbons for prospect ranking

• Shallow (40 m) to Deep water (3000 m) coring & mapping of direct hydrocarbons for prospect ranking

• Site Survey Sampling. Collecting seabed samples while geotech/env site surveying

Offshore Application






Place insertion rod in module

• Slick sampling and analysis to validate petroleum systems



• Shallow (40 m) to Deep water (3000 m) coring & mapping of direct hydrocarbons for prospect ranking



Collection of shallow seabed coresGravity coring / vibrocoringPenetrating 3 - 5 meters

Grid sampling over defined prospectsMultiple data points

Modeling of charged fields, when possible

Applicable anywhere a core sample can be taken



Tools of trade

Boat

Gravity Corer Vibrocorer

Core Extraction Sub-cropping

Sample Jar + Module

Amplified Geochemical Imaging - How it worksOffshore Application



Amplified Geochemical Imaging - How it worksSurvey Design Regular to

Irregular grid

Sample distance 200 m to 1.5 km



• Yields sensitive, compound specific results• Analytical compound standards

• 87+ compounds – C2 through C20 • Aliphatics• Aromatics• Oxygenated compounds

TD/GC/MS Module Analysis





Normal Alkane: 17 Iso-alkane: 11 Cyclic Alkane: 15 Aromatic and PAH: 17

Ethane (2) 2-Methylbutane (5) Cyclopentane (5) Benzene (6)Propane (3) 2-Methylpentane (6) Methylcyclopentane (6) Toluene (7)Butane (4) 3-Methylpentane (6) Cyclohexane (6) Ethylbenzene (8)Pentane (5) 2,4-Dimethylpentane (7) cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane (7) m,p-Xylenes (8)Hexane (6) 2-Methylhexane (7) trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane (7) o-Xylene (8)Heptane (7) 3-Methylhexane (7) trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane (7) Propylbenzene (9)Octane (8) 2,5-Dimethylhexane (8) Methylcyclohexane (7) 1-Ethyl-2/3-methylbenzene (9)Nonane (9) 3-Methylheptane (8) Cycloheptane (7) 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (9)Decane (10) 2,6-Dimethylheptane (9) cis-1,3/1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) 1-Ethyl-4-methylbenzene (9)

Undecane (11) Pristane (19) cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (9)Dodecane (12) Phytane (20) trans-1,3/1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) Indane (9)Tridecane (13) trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) Indene (9)

Tetradecane (14) Ethylcyclohexane (8) Butylbenzene (10)Pentadecane (15) Cyclooctane (8) 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene (10)Hexadecane (16) Propylcyclohexane (9) Naphthalene (10)Heptadecane (17) 2-Methylnaphthalene (11)Octadecane (18) Acenaphthylene (12)

Alkene: 10 Alteration/Byproduct: 3 Biogenic: 4 NSO: 5

Ethene (2) Octanal (8) alpha-Pinene FuranPropene (3) Nonanal (9) beta-Pinene 2-Methylfuran1-Butene (4) Decanal (10) Camphor Carbon Disulfide1-Pentene (5) Caryophyllene Benzofuran1-Hexene (6) Benzothiazole1-Heptene (7) Carbonyl Sulfide (ng)1-Octene (8) Dimethylsulfide (ng)1-Nonene (9) Dimethyldisulfide (ng)1-Decene (10)

1-Undecene (11)

Target Analytical List for GORE™ Survey for Exploration

Typical Petroleum ConstituentsCarbon number in ( )

Byproduct and Alteration CompoundsIncluded in this method to provide a comprehensive inventory of the geochemical system in the surface soil zone



Amplified Geochemical Imaging - How it worksData Interpretation> conditions the data to enhance signal/noise and uses multivariate statistical techniques

to distinguish differences in hydrocarbon signatures



“Oil Well

Signatur

e”

•300

bopd

• 41 API

Limited range of compounds commonly reported by conventional surface geochemical techniques.


Oil Well

Eth

ene/E

thane

Eth

ane

Pro

pane

Pro

pane/P

rop

ene

Pro

pene

1-B

ute

ne

Buta

ne

1-B

ute

ne/B

uta

ne

1-B

ute

ne/1

,3-B

uta

die

ne

1,3

-Buta

die

ne

2-M

eth

ylb

uta

ne

1,4

-Penta

die

ne

1-1

,4-P

enta

die

ne/1

-Pente

ne

1-P

ente

ne

Penta

ne

Fura

nPro

panal

Iod

om

eth

ane

Carb

on d

isulfi

de

Cycl

op

enta

ne

Cycl

op

enta

ne/2

-Meth

ylp

enta

ne

2-M

eth

ylp

enta

ne

3-M

eth

ylp

enta

ne

1-H

exene

Buta

nal

Buta

nal/H

exane

Hexane

2-M

eth

ylf

ura

nM

eth

ylc

ycl

op

enta

ne

2,4

-Dim

eth

ylp

enta

ne

Cycl

ohexane

Benze

ne

1-H

ep

tene

Hep

tane

1-O

ctene

Cycl

ohep

tane

Oct

ane

Eth

ylc

ycl

ohexane

Eth

ylb

enze

ne

m,p

-Xyle

ne

1-N

onene

Sty

rene

Nonane

o-X

yle

ne

Cycl

ooct

ane

Pro

pylc

ycl

ohexane

alp

ha-P

inene

Cam

phene

Pro

pylb

enze

ne

1,3

,5-T

rim

eth

ylb

enze

ne

beta

-Pin

ene

1-D

ece

ne

Deca

ne

1,2

,4-T

rim

eth

ylb

enze

ne

Lim

onene

Buty

lbenze

ne

1-U

nd

ece

ne

Und

eca

ne

Cam

phor

Dod

eca

ne

Nap

hth

ale

ne

Tri

deca

ne

2-M

eth

yl nap

hth

ale

ne

Tetr

ad

eca

ne

Penta

deca

ne

Tolu

ene

Meth

ylc

ycl

ohexane

Organic Compound

Resp

on

se

Geochemical Data Differentiation

Amplified Geochemical Imaging – The advanced tool



“Dry

Well

Signatur

e”

Resp

on

se

Dry Well

Eth

ene/E

thane

Eth

ane

Pro

pane

Pro

pane/P

rop

ene

Pro

pene

1-B

ute

ne B

uta

ne

1-B

ute

ne/B

uta

ne

1-B

ute

ne/1

,3-B

uta

die

ne

1,3

-Buta

die

ne

2-M

eth

ylb

uta

ne

1,4

-Penta

die

ne

1-1

,4-P

enta

die

ne/1

-Pente

ne

1-P

ente

ne

Penta

ne

Fura

nPro

panal

Iod

om

eth

ane

Carb

on d

isulfi

de

Cycl

op

enta

ne

Cycl

op

enta

ne/2

-Meth

ylp

enta

ne

2-M

eth

ylp

enta

ne

3-M

eth

ylp

enta

ne

1-H

exene

Buta

nal

Buta

nal/H

exane

Hexane

2-M

eth

ylf

ura

nM

eth

ylc

ycl

op

enta

ne

2,4

-Dim

eth

ylp

enta

ne

Cycl

ohexane

Benze

ne

1-H

ep

tene

Hep

tane

Tolu

ene

1-O

ctene

Cycl

ohep

tane

Oct

ane

Eth

ylc

ycl

ohexane

Eth

ylb

enze

ne

m,p

-Xyle

ne

1-N

onene

Sty

rene

Nonane

o-X

yle

ne

Cycl

ooct

ane

Pro

pylc

ycl

ohexane

alp

ha-P

inene

Cam

phene

Pro

pylb

enze

ne

1,3

,5-T

rim

eth

ylb

enze

ne

beta

-Pin

ene

1-D

ece

ne

Deca

ne

1,2

,4-T

rim

eth

ylb

enze

ne

Lim

onene

Buty

lbenze

ne

1-U

nd

ece

ne

Und

eca

ne

Cam

phor

Dod

eca

ne

Nap

hth

ale

ne

Tri

deca

ne

2-M

eth

yl nap

hth

ale

ne

Tetr

ad

eca

ne

Penta

deca

ne

Meth

ylc

ycl

ohexane

Organic Compound







“Gas Well

Signature”

•99%

Methane

Gas Well

Eth

en

e/E

than

ePro

pen

ePro

pan

e1

-Bu

ten

eB

uta

ne

2-M

eth

ylb

uta

ne

1-P

en

ten

ePen

tan

eFu

ran

Carb

on

dis

ulfi

de

Cycl

op

en

tan

e2

-Meth

ylp

en

tan

e3

-Meth

ylp

en

tan

e1

-Hexen

eH

exan

e2

-Meth

ylf

ura

nM

eth

ylc

ycl

op

en

tan

e2

,4-D

imeth

ylp

en

tan

eC

ycl

oh

exan

eB

en

zen

e2

-Meth

ylh

exan

e3

-Meth

ylh

exan

eci

s-1

,3-D

imeth

ylc

ycl

op

en

tan

etr

an

s-1

,3-D

imeth

ylc

ycl

op

en

tan

etr

an

s-1

,2-D

imeth

ylc

ycl

op

en

tan

e1

-Hep

ten

eH

ep

tan

eM

eth

ylc

ycl

oh

exan

e2

,5-D

imeth

ylh

exan

eTolu

en

e3

-Meth

ylh

ep

tan

eci

s-1

,3/1

,4-D

imeth

ylc

ycl

oh

exan

e1

-Oct

en

eC

ycl

oh

ep

tan

eci

s-1

,2-D

imeth

ylc

ycl

oh

exan

eO

ctan

etr

an

s-1

,3/1

,4-D

imeth

ylc

ycl

oh

exan

2,6

-Dim

eth

ylh

ep

tan

etr

an

s-1

,2-D

imeth

ylc

ycl

oh

exan

eE

thylc

ycl

oh

exan

eE

thylb

en

zen

em

,p-X

yle

ne

1-N

on

en

eS

tyre

ne

o-X

yle

ne

Non

an

eC

ycl

ooct

an

ePro

pylc

ycl

oh

exan

ealp

ha-P

inen

eC

am

ph

en

ePro

pylb

en

zen

e1

-Eth

yl-

2/3

-meth

ylb

en

zen

e1

,3,5

-Tri

meth

ylb

en

zen

eb

eta

-Pin

en

e1

-Eth

yl-

4-m

eth

ylb

en

zen

e1

-Dece

ne

Deca

ne

1,2

,4-T

rim

eth

ylb

en

zen

eO

ctan

al

Lim

on

en

eB

uty

lben

zen

e1

-Un

dece

ne

Un

deca

ne Non

an

al

Cam

ph

or

Dod

eca

ne

Nap

hth

ale

ne

Deca

nal

Ben

zoth

iazo

leTri

deca

ne

2-M

eth

yl n

ap

hth

ale

ne

Tetr

ad

eca

ne

Cary

op

hylle

ne

Pen

tad

eca

ne

Hexad

eca

ne

Hep

tad

eca

ne

Oct

ad

eca

ne

Organic Compound

Resp

on

se



Amplified Geochemical Imaging –The advanced tool




Amplified Geochemical Imaging - How it worksData Interpretation> conditions the data to enhance signal/noise and uses multivariate statistical techniques

to distinguish differences in hydrocarbon signatures



Oil Well ModelOil Well ModelGas Well ModelGas Well Model

Dry Well ModelDry Well ModelSample Dry Well Signature

Organic Compound

Re

sp

on

se

Dry Gas Signature99% Methane

0

5

10

15

20

Organic Compound

Re

sp

on

se

Sample Oil Well Signature (41 API)

Organic Compound

Re

sp

on

se

Geochemical Model DevelopmentAmplified Geochemical Imaging – The advanced tool



Geochemical Model Development

C2 C20

Oil Range Compounds

Gas Condensate Range Compounds

Background, no correlation to compounds

Example shown: Gas/Condensate Well and Dry well models; No oil discoveries in this area, HCA performed on Compounds post S/N, HCA clearly detects an oil signature in the data

Cluster Analysis

Identify geochemical similarities in data patterns

– Soil gas data grouped by clusters

Assumptions/Requirements- Identify & remove noisy variables

- Cluster structure isolates “petroliferous” vs “background” character

- Sufficient cluster membership to sample signal variance

- Clusters have subsurface geochemical meaning




Final Report:• Objectives, design, & field

work• QA/QC summary• Geochemical modeling• Results• Summary & conclusions• Color contour probability maps• Supporting appendices• Available electronically

Interpretation & Integration




Amplified Geochemical Imaging

Case histories Onshore



Amplified Geochemical Imaging

Case histories Onshore



Sensitive to a broader range of compounds

IDs compound signal in ppt

Reports compound

signal in ppb

Works in virtually any soil

condition

Amplified

Geochemical Imaging’

C10 C20

Dri

er

Wett

er

“Soil Gas”

San

ds

Cla

ys

Shorter Sampling Longer Sampling

Silts

pp

t

Petroleum Compound Universe

Geolo

gic

al U

niv

ers

e

C5C2 C15C1

pp

bp

pm

Methane can skew Methane can skew interpretation:interpretation:- it is ubiquitous- it is ubiquitous- biogenic > < thermogenicbiogenic > < thermogenic- can be misleadingcan be misleading




- More than 600 surveys in O & G EXP

- Gore Surveys for Exploration has been used effectively in over 130 basins / 56 countries worldwide

>Through sediment, volcanic cover & thick-evaporite sequences>Structural, stratigraphic, combination & salt traps

- Including all continents, terrains and climate (e.g. desert, jungle, plains, tundra, offshore)

- for more than 150 companies

- with a success rate of + 90%

Track RecordAmplified Geochemical Imaging – The advanced tool



Prediction Rates for Drilling Positive Geochemical Features

Incorrect P rediction -

False P ositive Rate 7%

Correct P rediction Rate 93%

Known no. wells drilled on our results – 179 [worldwide]

Oil & Gas Discovery Well Prediction

→ 93%

Dry Well Prediction → 92%

Correct Predictions Total → 93%

Prediction Rates for Drilling Negative Geochemical Areas

Incorrect P rediction -

False Negative Rate

8%

Correct P rediction Rate 92%

c

Success Rates



Thank you for your Time and Interest

Documents

Amplified Geochemical Imaging SM – Finding Petroleum Feb 15, 2011 © Copyright 2011 W. L. Gore & Associates Gore ® Amplified Geochemical