Amplificatoare Class A

8/3/2019 Amplificatoare Class A

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class A power amplifieris defined as a power amplifier in which output current flows for the full-cycle (360) of the input signal. In other words,e transistor remains forward biased throughout the input cycle.

schematic circuit of a series fed class A large signal amplifier using resistive load Rc is shown below. The term series fed is derived from thect that the load Rc is connected in series with the transistor output. The only difference between this circuit and the small-signal amplifier circuits

nsidered previously is that the signals handled by the large-signal circuit are in the range of volts and the transistor used is a power transistorpable of operating in the range of a few watts. This circuit is seldom used for power amplification because of its poor collector efficiency but willve clear understanding of class A operation to the readers. The output characteristics with operating point Q are alsoown. ICQ and VCEQ represent no signal collector current and collector-emitter voltage respectively. When ac input signal is applied, the operating

int Q shifts up and down causing output current and voltage to vary about it. The output current increases to I cmax and falls to Icmin. Similarly,e collector-emitter voltage increases to Vcemax and falls to Vce min.
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ower Distribution in Class A power amplifiers.

put power from the collector supply VCC, Pin(dc) = VCC ICQ

he power drawn from the collector supply is used in the following two components

Power dissipated in collector load as heat, PRC(dc) = (ICQ)2 RC

Power supplied to the transistor, Ptr (dc) = Pin(dc) PRC (dc)

ower supplied to the transistor, Ptr (dc) is further subdivided into

power developed across the load resistor constituting ac power output and is given as

out (ac) = (IC)2 RC = (Vce)2/ Rc

here Ic and Vce are the rms values of collector current and

ollector- emitter votage = {(Ic max)22}RC = V2 CE max / 2 Rc

2 c (peak-to-peak) Rc)/ 8 = V2CC (peak-to-peak)/ 8 RC

ower dissipated, in the form of heat, by the transistor itself. The cause of power dissipation in transistor is explained below :

onsider an N-P-N transistor. The potential difference across the depletion layer formed near the collector junction is called thearrier potential. This potential gives the P-region (base) slightly more energy than N-region (collector). Thus when electronicsmitted from emitter cross the base junction and enter the collector region, they give up energy in the form of heat and it is thisnergy that the transistor has to dissipate to the surrounding.

With zero signal applied at the input of the class A power amplifier, ac power developed across the load reduces to zero anderefore all the power fed to the transistor is wasted in the form of heat. Thus, a transistor dissipates maximum power under zero-

gnal condition. Thus the device is cooler when delivering power to a load than with zero-signal condition.nce in class A operation, maximum power dissipation in the transistor occurs under zero-signal condition, the power dissipationpacity of a power transistor, for class A operation, must be at least equal to the zero-signal rating.

ollector Efficiency: The collector efficiency of a transistor is given as

fficiency = Average ac power output, Pout(ac) / Average dc power input to the transistor Ptr (dc),


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ower Efficiency: A measure of the ability of an active device to convert the dc power of supply into the ac (signal) powerelivered to the load is called the power or conversion or theoretical efficiency. By definition the efficiency is

fficiency = AC power delivered to the load, Pout(ac) / Total power drawn from dc supply Pin (dc),

ow ac power delivered to the load,

t (ac) = (Ic (peak-to-peak) *Vce (peak-to-peak)) 8

Class-A Amplifier Efficiency Graph

aximum Power and Efficiency. If the operating point Q is set at the midpoint of the

aximum signal swing, the resulting maximum power condition may be achieved.

aximum VCE(peak-to-peak) = Vcc

aximum ICE(peak-to-peak) = Vcc RC

e have maximum ac power developed across the load resistor,.

ut (ac)max = 1/8 * Vcc/Rc * Vcc = V2cc/8 Rc

or the quiescent point Q, ICQ = (Vcc/Rc) 2

nd dc power drawn from dc supply, Pin(dc)max = Vcc ICQ = V2cc/2Rc

o maximum efficiency of an amplifier (class A power) is given asfficiency = Pout (ac) max / Pin (dc) max = (V2cc/8 Rc) (V2cc/2Rc)

his is the maximum percent efficiency for a series-fed class A power amplifier. Since this maximum efficiencyill occur only under ideal conditions and for the maximum ac signal swings, most series-fed class A power

mplifiers have power efficiencies much less than 25%.

ICI SE TERMINA CLASA A

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One Response to Class A power amplifiers

1. DOGAay 2, 2011 at 11:22 pm

ollector- emitter votage = {(Ic max)2 2}RC = V2 CE max / 2 Rc

is expression is wronge right expression is, max/2)^2 * Rc =V2 CE max / 2 Rc

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