AMMUNITION

The Program Executive Office for Am-munition (PEO Ammo) has the mission tocontinue being the best provider of conven-tional, leap-ahead munitions, mortars,towed artillery systems and counter-impro-vised explosive device (IED) products byfostering innovation and diversity for thewarfighter. Project managers within thePEO include Combat Ammunition Sys-tems, Maneuver Ammunition Systems,Joint Program Manager Towed ArtillerySystems, Close Combat Systems, Project Di-rector Joint Services and Project DirectorJoint Products.

Project Manager CombatAmmunition Systems (PM CAS)The Project Manager Combat Ammuni-

tion Systems (PM CAS) is responsible forequipping soldiers and marines with can-non-launched, indirect-fire munitions andmortar weapons systems. Organizationswithin PM CAS include Product ManagerExcalibur, Product Manager Guided Preci-sion Munitions and Mortar Systems (PMGPM2S), Conventional Ammunition Divi-sion, Technical Management Division andBusiness Management Division.

Product Manager ExcaliburThe M982 Excalibur, a 155 mm, preci-

sion-guided, artillery high-explosive projec-tile with extended range, has been fielded toservicemembers and successfully employedin combat operations. Excalibur couplesglobal positioning system (GPS) precision-guidance technology with an inertial mea-surement unit to provide accurate, first-round fire-for-effect capability in an urbansetting with accuracy better than 10 meterscircular error probable (CEP). Excalibur isapproximately 1 meter in length and weighs106 pounds. Its extended range (up to 40kilometers) and high accuracy result in in-creased lethality with a decrease in requiredvolume of fire per engagement. ExcaliburIncrement Ia is in full-rate production, andExcalibur Increment Ib is in engineering andmanufacturing development.

Product Manager Guided PrecisionMunitions and Mortar Systems The Product Manager for Guided Preci-

sion Munitions and Mortar Systems (PMGPM2S) is the life-cycle manager responsi-ble for guided munition improvements forcannon-launched weapons (mortars and ar-tillery), mortar weapons and mortar firecontrol systems. Assigned guided precisionmunitions include the XM1156 PrecisionGuidance Kit (PGK) and the Urgent Ma-teriel Release (UMR) Accelerated PrecisionMortar Initiative (APMI). Mortar weaponsinclude the 60 mm, 81 mm and 120 mm sys-tems and related equipment. Fire controlsystems include handheld devices and ve-

hicle-mounted systems used to performmortar tactical and technical fire control forinfantry, heavy and Stryker brigade combatteams (BCTs).The APMI is a response to an Operation

Enduring Freedom (OEF) operational needstatement (ONS) requiring a GPS-guided,120 mm mortar cartridge with 10 metersCEP accuracy to rapidly defeat personneltargets while minimizing collateral damage.APMI is currently compatible with U.S. dis-mounted 120 mm weapons and fire controlsystem, and the Stryker double-V hull mor-tar carrier and fire control system. It hasbeen successfully used in operations in OEF.The PGK is a GPS guidance kit with prox-

imity and point detonating fuzing func-tions. It is compatible with existing high-ex-plosive, 155 mm M549A1 and M795 cannonartillery projectiles. The PGK corrects theballistic trajectory of the projectile to reducedelivery errors and improves projectile ac-curacy to a range-independent accuracy ofless than 50 meters CEP. The PGK will effec-tively reduce target delivery error of con-ventional artillery munitions, reducing thenumber of projectiles required to execute afire mission. Fielding is expected in 2014.The M224A1 60 mm Mortar Weapon Sys-

tem is a lightweight, high-angle-of-fire,smooth-bore, manportable, muzzle-loadedmortar with weight reduced by 20 percent(44 pounds to 35.3 pounds) and reducedmaintenance requirements. The M224A1consists of an M225A1 cannon (tube),M170A1 bipod assembly, M7A1 baseplate,M8 auxiliary baseplate and the M67A1sight unit. The M224A1 fires the complete

family of 60 mm ammunition includinghigh-explosive, smoke, illumination, in-frared illumination and practice cartridges.With ranges from 70 meters to 3,500 meters,the M224A1 meets lethality, range andweight requirements for light forces.The M252A1 81 mm Mortar System is a

smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded weapon thatreplaced the M252 mortar. It features a highrate of fire, extended range, improvedlethality and improved overall system char-acteristics, reducing overall system weightby 20 percent (90.3 pounds to 70.3 pounds).The entire family of 81 mm ammunitioncan be fired by the M252A1. The M252A1consists of the M253 cannon (tube),M177A1 bipod, M3A2 baseplate and theM67A1 sight unit.The M120/M121 120 mm Battalion Mor-

tar System is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded,high-angle-of-fire weapon organic to thebattalion, providing immediate long-range,lethality, illumination and smoke-screeningeffectiveness for close combat. It is used in a ground-mounted (M120) or vehicle-mounted (M121 on the M1064A3 mortarcarrier) role. It consists of the M298 barrelassembly, M191 bipod assembly, the M9A1baseplate and the M67A1 sight. The 120mm battalion mortar system providesclose-in and continuous indirect fire sup-port to maneuver forces and can rapidlyrespond to threats.The M326 Mortar Stowage Kit (MSK) is

a 120 mm mortar employment improve-ment. The powered device enables a 120mm mortar to be quickly put in or out of ac-tion. The M326 uses a mortar support strut

October 2012 � ARMY 359

M120/M121 120 mm Battalion Mortar System

to hold the mortar tube, baseplate and bi-pod together in transport mode for ease ofdeployment. This assembly is emplaced orrecovered by a hydraulic winch with amanual backup.The M95/M96 Mortar Fire-Control Sys-

tem (MFCS) is a digital fire-control systemfor the vehicle-mounted M121, linking mor-tar fires with the digital battlefield. MFCSprovides increased responsiveness, crewsurvivability and mortar accuracy.The M150/M151 Mortar Fire-Control

System-Dismounted (MFCS-D) is similarto the M95 MFCS and is being fielded withthe M326 to provide a digital fire-controlsystem for the ground-mounted 120 mmsystem. MFCS-D provides increased re-sponsiveness, crew survivability and mor-tar accuracy.The M32 Lightweight Handheld Mortar

Ballistic Computer (LHMBC) is a joint ser-vice Marine Corps/Army system that cal-culates technical firing solutions for the en-tire family of fielded U.S. mortars and theircomplete inventory of ammunition. It islinked into the digital fire support systemand includes an internal GPS receiver forimproved tube positioning accuracy.

Project Manager ManeuverAmmunition Systems (PM MAS)The Project Manager Maneuver Ammu-

nition Systems (PM MAS) is responsiblefor the life-cycle management—includingdevelopment, production and fielding—ofall Army direct-fire ammunition (exceptnonlethal) and for the procurement of AirForce, Navy and Marine Corps direct-fireammunition assigned to PEO Ammunitionas the single manager for conventional am-munition executor. Under its mission forprocurement of nonstandard ammunition,PM MAS supports allies with direct- and

indirect-fire ammunition and selected weap-ons. Offices within PM MAS include theProduct Manager Small Caliber Ammuni-tion, Product Director Medium CaliberAmmunition, Product Manager Large Cal-iber Ammunition and Product DirectorNon-Standard Ammunition.

Product Manager Small CaliberAmmunition (PM SC)The Product Manager Small Caliber

Ammunition (PM SC) is the life-cycle man-ager for the full range of small-caliber am-munition including production of legacyitems such as pistol, shotgun and rifle am-munition up to and including .50-caliber forall the armed services and development ofnew ammunition to support emergingArmy requirements. Small-caliber systemsinclude .22-caliber, .38-caliber, 9 mm, .45-caliber, 12-gauge shotgun, 5.56 mm, 7.62mm and .50-caliber families of munitions.PM SC also manages the modernization ofthe Lake City Army Ammunition Plant,Mo., the primary source of small-caliberammunition.The M855A1 Enhanced Performance

Round is a lead-free version of the M855cartridge that is fired from the 5.56 mm fam-ily of weapons (M4, M16 and M249) and isthe newest of the small-caliber family ofmunitions. The M855A1 EPR uses a newbullet design that resulted in a number ofsignificant enhancements over the originalgeneral purpose M855 fielded in the early1980s. Improvements include better hard-target penetration, more consistent perfor-mance against soft targets and significantlyincreased distances of these effects. The EPRallows training exercises to be conducted onranges where lead projectiles are no longerallowed. The same technology is also beingused to improve 7.62 mm ammunition.

Product Director Medium CaliberAmmunition (PD MC)The Product Director Medium Caliber

Ammunition (PD MC) is responsible forlife-cycle management of direct-fire combatand training ammunition in 20 mm, 25 mm,30 mm, and 40 mm caliber families for theArmy. Under the single manager for con-ventional ammunition executor, PD MC isresponsible for procurement of medium-caliber combat and training ammunitionfor the Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps.PD MC supports medium-caliber ammuni-tion needs of the individual warfighter andweapon platforms, which include the Mk19 Automatic Grenade Launcher; M203/320Grenade Launcher; Bradley Fighting Vehi-cle; Light Armored Vehicle; AH-64 Apache;MH-60 Black Hawk and AH-1W Super Co-bra helicopters; A-10 Thunderbolt, AC-130U Spectre, F-15 Eagle, F-16 Falcon, FA-18 Hornet, F-22 Raptor and F-35 Joint StrikeFighter aircraft; Land-based Phalanx WeaponsSystem (LPWS) for Counter Rockets Ar-tillery and Mortars (C-RAM); and the Pha-lanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) fornaval vessels.Non-Dud Producing (NDP) training am-

munition is being developed for the 40 mmgrenade family to allow soldiers and unitsto train more realistically on continental U.S.training ranges without safety concernsfrom unexploded ordnance, while meetingenvironmental requirements with nontoxiccomponents. Currently, units cannot godownrange during training to conduct fireand maneuver tactics. NDP rounds are be-ing developed for both the low-velocityfamily, fired from the M203 and M320, andthe high-velocity family, fired from the Mk19. Low-rate initial production and full op-erational capability are planned for fiscalyear (FY) 2015. A capability developmentdocument was signed for the 40 mm high-velocity training round and a capability pro-duction document for the 40 mm low-veloc-ity in December 2011.

Product Manager Large CaliberAmmunition (PM LC)The Product Manager Large Caliber

Ammunition (PM LC) is responsible forlife-cycle management of large-caliber, di-rect-fire combat and training ammunitionfor the Army and Marine Corps. Platformssupported include the Abrams main battletank (MBT) and Stryker mobile gun system.Primary target sets for ammunition beingprocured and new systems being devel-oped are armor, structures, bunkers, obsta-cles and infantry squads. PM LC also devel-ops and procures specialized ammunitionfor foreign military sales customers of theAbrams tank. Calibers supported include105 mm and 120 mm.The M829E4 is a 120 mm, fifth-genera-

tion, kinetic energy, armor piercing, fin-sta-bilized discarding sabot cartridge for the

360 ARMY � October 2012

M150/M151 Mortar Fire-Control System-Dismounted (MFCS-D)

Abrams MBT. The cartridge is specificallydesigned to defeat future armored targetsequipped with explosive reactive armorand active protection systems. The programis currently in engineering, manufacturingand development, with the Milestone Cprojected in FY 2014. This cartridge has anexpanded operational temperature andprovides a significant lethality overmatchagainst all projected armor threats.The Advanced Multi Purpose (AMP) is a

120 mm, direct-fire, multipurpose munitionto be developed for the Abrams MBT. AMPwill provide the user with new capabilitiesto defeat antitank guided missile teams andbreach reinforced walls. AMP has threemodes of operation—airburst, point deto-nate and point detonate delay—that will al-low the consolidation of the capabilities offour stockpiled cartridges into a single mu-nition that can be used to defeat dis-mounted infantry, bunkers, obstacles andlight armor. Additional benefits include in-creased logistical efficiency and being ableto battle-carry a single munition that can beused for multiple engagement scenarios.

Product Director Non-StandardAmmunition (PD NSA)The Product Director Non-Standard

Ammunition (PD NSA) provides qualitynonstandard ammunition and nonstandardmortar weapon systems to allied nationsand other U.S. customers. Nonstandardammunition/mortar weapons are ammuni-tion, explosives and weapons that are notmanaged by national inventory controlpoints, have not been safety-tested andtype-classified for Army use, do not have anational stock number, and cannot be pro-cured or requisitioned through the Army orother Department of Defense supply sys-tems. The majority of this ammunition isproduced in former Soviet/Eastern bloc

countries. Munitions procured range from5.45 mm through 122 mm, supporting indi-vidual and crew-served weapons and plat-forms including tanks, artillery and aircraft.

Joint Program Manager TowedArtillery Systems (PM TAS)The Joint Program Manager for Towed

Artillery Systems (PM TAS) takes a joint(Army and Marine Corps) perspective inmanaging the development, acquisition,testing, systems integration, product im-provement and fielding of the M777A2 155mm Joint Lightweight Howitzer (LW155)system, designed to enhance strategic mo-bility and provide the infantryman and ma-rine with effective and responsive fire sup-port. The LW155 is a joint Marine Corpsand Army program that replaces the M198155 mm Towed Howitzer. The LW155 is ageneral support system for the Army’s lightunits, a direct-support cannon fire supportsystem for the Stryker brigade combat teamand the sole howitzer in the Marine Corps.The LW155 uses the M776 155 mm cannon,giving it a maximum firing range of ap-proximately 30 kilometers with rocket-as-sisted projectiles, 24.7 kilometers with stan-dard rounds and up to 40 kilometers usingExcalibur. It has a maximum firing rate offour rounds per minute and a sustained rateof two rounds per minute. The M777A2 isfitted with onboard electronics, giving itself-locating, self-laying and digital commu-nications similar to the M109A6 Paladin.The M777A2 adds the ability to fire the Ex-calibur precision-guided munition.In addition to the M777A2 howitzer, other

towed artillery systems supported in U.S.Army inventories include the M119A2 105mm Howitzer, the Improved Position andAzimuth Determining System (IPADS),and the M198 155 mm Howitzer.The M119A2 is a lightweight, 105 mm

howitzer that provides continuous closefires to infantry brigade combat teams. Thesystem weighs 4,330 pounds and is air as-sault/air drop capable. It has a range of19.5 kilometers with rocket-assisted muni-tions (14 kilometers unassisted). It fires allcurrently fielded U.S. munitions and has arate of fire of six rounds per minute. Its ap-proved prime movers include the Humveeand 2.5-ton and 5-ton trucks.A program to integrate digital fire-control

capability onto the M119A2 howitzer wasapproved in 2008. Using the software forthe M777A2 155 mm howitzer maximizescommonality in operation and trainingwhile minimizing program cost, scheduleand risk. The application of a digital firecontrol will allow the digitized M119A2 toemplace and displace faster, provide moreresponsive fires, and become more surviv-able on the battlefield.The IPADS provides common inertial

survey control for all Army and MarineCorps field artillery, mortar, artillery meteo-rological and radar systems. PM TAS is alsomanaging the effort to add a GPS feature toIPADS. IPADS-G will augment operationsof the fire support community by providingthe ability to maintain the current accuracyof IPADS without stopping for zero-veloc-ity updates, increasing the artillery timeli-ness, availability of fires, lethality, surviv-ability, and force protection on extendedconvoys or artillery missions. IPADS will beaided by an internal GPS receiver; however,it must also be capable of operating in aninertial fashion independently of GPS aid.The Army began fielding the M198 155

mm Towed Howitzer in early 1979 to pro-vide greater range and lethality for light-unit fire-support elements. As a successorto the older M114A1 155 mm towed system,the 15,750-pound (original fielded weight)M198 provided a maximum range of 30

October 2012 � ARMY 361

M777 A2 155 mmJoint LightweightHowitzer (LW155)

kilometers (with rocket-assisted projectiles)and the capability to fire a broader range ofammunition options than those availablefor 105 mm units. Normally towed by a 5-ton truck, the M198 can also be moved by aCH-47D Chinook helicopter or Air Force as-sets (C-130 and larger). The M777A2 has re-placed the M198.PM TAS also supports the D-30 How-

itzer program. The D-30 Howitzer is a 122mm Soviet towed Howitzer that enteredservice in the 1960s. It weighs 7,055 poundsand has a maximum range of 15.4 kilome-ters (21.9 kilometers assisted). It has a maxi-mum rate of fire of 10 to 12 rounds perminute and a sustained rate of five to sixrounds per minute. In 2010, PM TAS wasgiven a requirement to provide 194 D-30s tothe Afghan National Army. PM TAS has de-livered 104 Howitzers, provided trainingon the operation and maintenance of theweapon system, and established a refur-bishment capability in Afghanistan that isallowing Afghan workers to refurbish addi-tional Howitzers.

Project Manager Close CombatSystems (PM CCS)Nearly every mission U.S. soldiers face,

either domestic or international, involvesan item managed by Project ManagerClose Combat Systems (PM CCS). PMCCSs’ contributions are on the forefront oftheater operations and span multiple ser-vices, providing cutting-edge technology todefeat the ever-evolving and adaptingthreats, as well as legacy systems beingused in new, innovative ways on today’sbattlefield. The PM CCS portfolio of prod-ucts ranges from counter-IEDs, handheldpyrotechnic devices, C-4 explosives andshoulder-launched munitions (SLMs) tomine clearing line charges, hand grenadesand nonlethal weapon sets.

Product Manager Countermine andExplosive Ordnance DisposalNothing is more important than the free-

dom to operate wherever required on thebattlefield. Finding, neutralizing and dis-carding explosive hazards that impede thismovement demand a complete spectrum ofcountermine and explosive ordnance dis-posal (EOD) solutions for vehicle, handheldand robotic applications.In Afghanistan, insurgents have moved

to using explosive hazards made of low- ornon-metallic components that are more dif-ficult to detect using conventional methods,thus putting soldiers at greater risk of in-jury or death. Enter ground penetratingradar (GPR), a superior technology thatprovides a 3-D analysis of objects buried inthe ground. Both the Husky Mounted De-tection System (HMDS) and the AN/PSS-14 Mine Detecting System employ GPR.This technology alerts the operator to thethreat prior to detonation, greatly reducingthe risk of injury to the crew and battle dam-age to the vehicle or surrounding facilities.Continuous development to countermea-

sure technology and equipment providesEOD technicians the ability to access, dis-rupt and neutralize hazards from increasedstandoff distances quickly and smoothly.The MK40 Mod 0 Unexploded OrdnanceStandoff Disrupter Tool allows the EODsoldier to render safe unexploded ordnance(UXO) and IEDs via a percussion-activatedprojectile from a standoff position. The EODPAN Disrupter is a laser-aimed disrupterthat can also be fired from EOD robots.

Product Manager ImprovisedExplosive Device Defeat/Protect ForceIEDs remain one of the most deadly

threats to U.S. servicemembers with everystep and mile they travel. Protecting theforce from these dangers takes a layered ap-

proach to control, monitor, and defend per-sonnel, facilities and vehicles.Detecting IEDs or threats is the first line

of defense. Capabilities such as Sherlockand Fido explosive detection systems de-tect potential IEDs, suicide bombers, andother explosive hazards at base entrances,ranges and control points as part of a tiereddefense. They provide improved identifica-tion and detection capabilities outside theblast range.Deny systems block enemy access to

unauthorized locations and deny them theopportunity to emplace IEDs or other ex-plosive hazards in targeted areas. CulvertDenial Systems block unauthorized accessto culverts, the devices used to channel wa-ter and allow it to pass underneath roads,railways or embankments. These capabili-ties aim to reduce the security risks for U.S.forces and provide blast mitigation withstandoff protection.Defeat products focus on defensive tech-

nologies and capabilities required to con-quer IEDs by neutralizing them before theycan be detonated or minimizing the effectsof IED blasts on personnel, equipment andfacilities. The Jackal Explosive Hazard Pre-Detonation System triggers IEDs at stand-off distance and is modular and adaptableto emerging IED devices and multiple plat-forms. Jackal was named one of the Army’sGreatest Inventions.

Product Directorate Area DenialPM CCS is redefining how soldiers shape

the battlefield and protect the force throughcontinual advances in area-denial capabili-ties. Area-denial systems and munitionsblock enemy access to key terrain and re-strict the enemy’s ability to maneuver freely.These systems include cutting-edge net-worked munitions and legacy antipersonneland antivehicle systems. Manportable, thesesystems provide soldiers faster responsetime, greater efficiency, and enhanced safetyand can be employed to protect perimetersand flanks during attack, reinforce lightforces and control enemy movement.The XM-7 Spider Networked Munition

is an effective lethal and nonlethal alterna-tive to antipersonnel land mines (APLs).Currently operational in Afghanistan, thesystem is an advanced, man-in-the-loop(MITL) area-denial system that offers re-mote-controlled force protection. The sys-tem is different from a land mine in that itcannot deliver effects unless commanded todo so, and it can be safely recovered fromthe field and reused. Spider provides theequivalent munition field effectiveness ofcurrent APLs without the residual life-threatening risks after hostilities end orwhen warring factions depart. The M18A1 Claymore is a directional

fragmentation munition that fires metalballs (shrapnel) out to about 100 metersacross a 60-degree arc in front of the device.

362 ARMY � October 2012

Husky Mounted Detection System (HMDS)

It is remotely detonated using an electric ornonelectric initiation system and is used todeter enemy pursuit, establish perimeterdefenses and conduct ambushes. It can alsobe used with the Spider System.

Product Directorate CombatMunitionsHaving the tactical flexibility to react

rapidly and effectively to any scenario en-sures success against the varied threats andcombat environments U.S. forces face. Com-bat munitions provide a range of battlefieldmunitions and escalation of force capabili-ties that broaden soldiers’ options for coun-tering enemy actions. They include shoul-der-launched munitions (SLMs), grenades,and nonlethal ammunition and systems.SLMs provide soldiers the ability to de-

feat light-armored vehicles and bunkersand enemy personnel. Disposable andhighly mobile, improved versions of SLMssuch as the M136A1 AT4 Confined Space(AT4-CS) can be fired from confinedspaces, increasing effectiveness in urban en-vironments. The upgraded M72 Light As-sault Weapon (LAW) is ideal for the combatenvironment in Afghanistan, characterizedby difficult terrain, long foot patrols andfast-paced operations at close range.Grenades range in effect from nonlethal tolethal and can be hand-thrown or propelledfrom a launcher. They offer a variety of ca-pabilities—from fragmentation and incen-diary to screening and signaling—to thesoldier in close-combat situations.PM CCSs’ nonlethal munitions and sys-

tems allow soldiers to react with the appro-priate level of force based on the threat and serve as the last step in a scalable re-sponse—shout, show, shove, shoot. Theyare vital in urban conflict to limit collateraldamage and avoid noncombatant casual-ties. The Non-Lethal Capabilities Set(NLCS) provides a variety of capabilitiesincluding checkpoint, dismounted opera-tions, convoy protection and crowd con-trol/detainer operations as well as counter-personnel and counter-materiel systems.The modularity of the NLCS allows thecommander to tailor equipment needsbased on a specific mission or threat level.Both the M1012 12-gauge Nonlethal

Point Control Cartridge and M1013 12-gauge Nonlethal Area Round temporarilydisorient or incapacitate a targeted individ-ual with nonlethal blunt trauma. They canbe fired from a standard issue 12-gaugeshotgun, such as the Mossberg 500, Moss-berg 590 and Winchester 1200. The M102940 mm Crowd Dispersal Cartridge andM1006 40 mm Sponge Grenade can eitherbe launched from the M203 40 mm grenadelauncher or fired from an M16A2/M203 orM4/M203. These nonlethal munitions fill awide range of possible nonlethal applica-tions, including crowd control and enforc-ing a buffer zone.

Product Directorate SupportMunitionsPM CCS’ Support Munitions—demoli-

tions and pyrotechnics—provide soldierswith enhanced maneuver, communicationand illumination capabilities across variousmissions on the battlefield.Combat engineers, infantry, explosive

ordnance disposal and special operationsuse demolitions and breeching munitions toclear mines and IEDs, overcome obstacles,and impede enemy movement. Moderniza-tion efforts are aimed at making demolitionslighter, more reliable and less sensitive. PMCCS manages a range of demolition items,including the Modern Demolitions Initia-tor, a suite of components used to activateall standard military demolitions and explo-sives, as well as bulk, shaped and crateringcharges. Designed to clear mines and re-

lated obstacles for dismounted soldiersand vehicles, the Anti-Personnel ObstacleBreaching System is light enough to becarried by two soldiers with backpacks,while the Mine Clearing Line Charge is arocket-projected explosive line charge.Pyrotechnics include munition flares, sig-

nals and simulators. Advanced infrared de-coy flares, the M206, M211 and M212 AirCountermeasure Flares are used by Armyaircraft and helicopters to defeat a range ofthreats. The family of Handheld Signalsprovides aircraft, distress and troop em-placement signaling as well as battlefield il-lumination. Battlefield and ground effectssimulators, such as the M115A2 GroundBurst Simulator and M116A1 Hand Gre-nade Simulator, produce battle noises andeffects—shells in flight, ground burst explo-sions or grenades—for use in training.

October 2012 � ARMY 363

M18A1 Claymore

“When the Sioux and Cheyenne find out we have a fully integrated tactical network, I’m sure they will pack up and go home.”