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ETHANOLAMINES
Monoethanolamine
Diethanolamine
Triethanolamine
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CONTENTSIntroduction ...............................................................................................................................2
Ethanolamine Applications.........................................................................................................3
Gas Sweetening ..................................................................................................................3
Detergents, Specialty Cleaners, Personal Care Products.......................................................4
Textiles.................................................................................................................................4
Metalworking ......................................................................................................................5
Other Applications...............................................................................................................5
Ethanolamine Physical Properties ...............................................................................................6
Typical Physical Properties ....................................................................................................6
Vapor Pressure of Ethanolamines (Figure 1) .........................................................................7
Heat of Vaporization of Ethanolamines (Figure 2)................................................................7
Specific Heats of Ethanolamines (Figure 3) ..........................................................................8
Comparative Hygroscopicities of Diethanolamine and Triethanolamine (Figure 4) ...............8
Weight Percent Ethanolamine in Aqueous Solutions vs Normality of Solution (Figure 5).....9
pH of Ethanolamine Solutions (Figure 6) .............................................................................9
Partial Pressure of Ethanolamines in Aqueous Solutions at Various Temperatures (Figure 7, 9, 11) ........................................................................................................10-12
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Aqueous Solutions at 760 mm Hg Absolute (Figure 8, 10, 12) ......................................................................................................10-12
Absolute Viscosities of Aqueous Solutions (Figures 13-15) ................................................13
Freezing Points of Aqueous Ethanolamine Solutions (Figure 16)........................................14
Specific Gravity of Aqueous Ethanolamine Solutions (Figure 17) .......................................14
Weight per Gallon of Aqueous Solutions at Various Temperatures (Figures 18-20) ......15-16
Specific Heats of Aqueous Solutions (Figures 21-23) .........................................................17
FDA and EPA Status............................................................................................................18-20
Storage and Handling ..............................................................................................................21
Shipping Information ...............................................................................................................22
Specifications ...........................................................................................................................22
Product Safety..........................................................................................................................22
Emergency Service ...................................................................................................................23
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ETHANOLAMINESDow’s versatile family of ethanolamines — including monoethanolamine (MEA),diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) — offers a broad spectrum of applicationopportunities. Triethanolamine is available as TEA, 99% and TEA, Commercial (which containsnominally 15% diethanolamine). Because ethanolamines combine the properties of aminesand alcohols, they exhibit the unique capability of undergoing reactions common to bothgroups. As amines, they are mildly alkaline and react with acids to form salts or soaps. Asalcohols, they are hygroscopic and can be esterified. The chemical structures of theethanolamines are:
MEA H2NCH2CH2OHDEA HN(CH2CH2OH)2
TEA N(CH2CH2OH)3
Ethanolamines find uses in such diverse areas as gas sweetening, where they serve as lubri-cants and scouring agents; detergent and specialty cleaner formulations, in which they areused to form various amine salts and to control pH; and in a host of other applicationsincluding concrete admixtures, flexible urethane foam catalysts, pharmaceuticals, personalcare products, agricultural chemicals, photographic emulsions, and more.
TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIPEthanolamines from Dow are backed by approximately 80 years of innovative scientificresearch. Since their introduction in the late 1920s, MEA, DEA, and TEA have undergoneextensive commercial development in our laboratories at South Charleston, WV.
WORLD SCALE PRODUCTION CAPACITYBacked by the world’s largest ethylene oxide capacity, Dow’s efficient ethanolamines facilities, located at Seadrift, TX, are the world’s largest. Designed for flexibility, this plant iscapable of producing ethanolamines to meet the most demanding specifications of themarketplace.
An additional major ethanolamines plant was added in 1997 at Taft, LA. A smaller plant, atWilton, UK, serves the European market. Additional plants will be added to meet otherdeveloping worldwide markets.
Dow’s position as the leading producer of basic ethylene oxide and ethanolamines translatesinto dependability, not only as a source of supply, but in quality of product as well. The purityand consistency of Dow’s ethanolamines are unsurpassed.
BROADEST DISTRIBUTION NETWORKThe Dow network of sales personnel, technical service experts, bulk storage terminals, anddistributors has been carefully constructed to reach all of Dow’s customers worldwide. Problemsolving assistance is virtually a phone call away, and Dow’s vast distribution system assuresfast delivery of tanker, barge, tank truck, tank car, or drum quantities from strategicallylocated bulk terminals and warehouses.
Whatever your needs in ethanolamines — MEA, DEA, or TEA — Dow has the technical,production, and distribution resources to serve you best. This booklet has been designed toprovide the answers to most questions about Dow’s ethanolamine products. For furtherinformation contact your Dow representative.
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Monoethanolamine
Diethanolamine
Triethanolamine
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Ethanolamine ApplicationsTEA,
Typical Applications MEA DEA Commercial TEA, 99%
Adhesives ✗Agricultural Chemicals ✗ ✗
Cement Grinding Aids ✗ ✗Concrete Additives ✗
Detergents, Specialty CleanersPersonal Care Products ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Gas Treating ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗Metalworking ✗ ✗ ✗
Oil Well Chemicals ✗ ✗ ✗Packaging & Printing Inks ✗
Photographic Chemicals ✗ ✗Rubber ✗
Textile Finishing ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗Urethane Foams ✗ ✗ ✗
ETHANOLAMINES FOR GAS SWEETENINGAqueous solutions of monoethanolamine and diethanolamine react with carbondioxide and hydrogen sulfide at ambient temperature to form compounds that,when exposed to elevated temperatures, release the acid gas and regenerate theamine for reuse.
Monoethanolamine is commonly used for treating synthesis gas streams formedin ammonia, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and flue gas facilities. Carbon dioxideis the principal contaminant that is removed.
Diethanolamine is primarily used for treating natural and refinery gas and forliquid streams. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are the principal contaminants removed.
Engineering companies can provide individually designed plants or standard packaged unitsthat can be installed wherever it is necessary to remove carbon dioxide and/or hydrogensulfide from gas streams.
For natural gas systems and refinery-treating systems in sulfur service, diethanolamine solutionshave performed satisfactorily for years in units where carbon steel has been the major material ofconstruction. In improperly designed or improperly operated units, however, corrosion will occurin carbon steel exchangers, condensers, and reboiler-type bundles. In special situations, therefore,alloy materials of construction may be required. In addition, improved design and operatingcriteria may be specified, including activated carbon filtration and good inlet separation.
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ETHANOLAMINES FOR DETERGENTS, SPECIALTY CLEANERS, AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTSEthanolamines are used in heavy-duty liquid laundry detergents because theyprovide a unique combination of beneficial property and performance qualities.These ethanolamines impart a reserve alkalinity to the laundry bath, which isessential to efficient cleaning. They neutralize the fatty acids present in the oilysoil components and, through this neutralization, convert them to amine soaps.These soaps, in turn, aid in the overall cleaning process. The effect is readilyobserved when standard industrial oily soils are used.
These same ethanolamines are also effective soil anti-redeposition agents. They help to keep soilin the laundry bath from redepositing onto the fabric during the cleaning process. The effect isevident in the performance of nonionic, anionic, and mixed nonionic/anionic surfactant-basedproducts on cotton, blended cotton/polyester, and polyester fabrics.
Diethanolamine is used to prepare fatty acid amides, which may be used in various personalcare products.
Triethanolamine may be reacted with lauryl sulfate to form the foaming base surfactant usedin hair shampoos.
Fatty acids neutralized with ethanolamines, particularly triethanolamine, are excellent emulsifiersfor oil-in-water emulsions. Gel-type industrial hand cleaners, aerosol shave creams, and hand andbody lotions are only a few of the consumer products commonly formulated with such soaps.Triethanolamine is also used as the base component in the production of certain mild bar soaps.
ETHANOLAMINES FOR TEXTILESEthanolamines are used in textile processing as reaction intermediates for thepreparation of durable press fabric finishes and softeners.
Amine soaps are used as scouring agents for wool and silk because of theirlow alkalinity.
Ethanolamines are also used as dye auxiliaries. Because of their hygroscopicity,ethanolamines find application in the preparation of vat printing pastes.Diethanolamine and triethanolamine are used in making acetate rayon dyes.
Textile lubricants often incorporate salts of ethanolamines to benefit from theiranticorrosion and antistatic properties. Ethanolamine salts of mono- or di-phosphates,sulfonates, and sulfates are typical components of staple finishes.
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ETHANOLAMINES FOR METALWORKINGAcidic additives and/or acidic decomposition products are the prime contributorsto corrosion of metal surfaces, particularly in the presence of moisture.Ethanolamines are often used as neutralizers of acid components in lubricantsand are a time-tested means of preventing corrosion.
In water-soluble cutting and grinding fluids, ethanolamines are used to providethe alkalinity needed to protect against rusting (ferrous metals do not oxidizeunder alkaline conditions). Ethanolamines are also used as intermediates in thepreparation of water-soluble lubricants, emulsifiers, proprietary corrosioninhibitors, and biocides.
OTHER ETHANOLAMINE APPLICATIONSIn addition to supplying ethanolamines for the four major applications alreadydiscussed, Dow provides these versatile materials for a variety of other uses(See Applications Chart, page 3).
Diethanolamine and triethanolamine are used as catalysts that promote stabilityduring the reaction process in the manufacture of flexible and rigid urethanefoams. In the photographic chemical industry, these ethanolamines find applica-tion in complex modern developing systems. Salts of diethanolamine andtriethanolamine are used in the agricultural chemical field as intermediates in anumber of applications, most notably the manufacture of herbicides.
Triethanolamine finds use as an intermediate for additives that control the rate at which waterevaporates from drying concrete. In another application, triethanolamine is used as a compo-nent in the formulation of cement grinding media during the manufacture of cement. In stillanother important use, triethanolamine is utilized “down hole” in oil wells to prevent corrosionof drilling equipment.
Triethanolamine also functions as an intermediate for adhesive and rubber chemicals. Mono-ethanolamine is used as a pH control agent in the formulation of packaging and printing inks.
Triethanolamine (Trolamine 85% NF Grade, Trolamine 99% NF Grade), and MonoethanolamineNF Grade each meet the requirements of the applicable National Formulary monograph.
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Typical Physical PropertiesThe properties of Dow’s family of ethanolamines enable these versatile materials to beutilized in a broad range of applications. Typical properties of the ethanolamines are shownin the table below and in Figures 1-23.
Table 1 • Typical Properties of DOW EthanolaminesMonoethanolamine Diethanolamine Triethanolamine
Formula H2NCH2CH2OH HN(CH2CH2OH)2 N(CH2CH2OH)3Molecular Weight 61.08 105.14 149.19
Apparent Sp. Gr. at 20/20°C 1.017 1.092(a) 1.126(f)
∆Sp. Gr./∆t at 10 to 80°C 0.00080 0.00065(b) 0.00059
Boiling Point at 760 mm Hg, °C 170.4 259(c) 335(c)
at 50mm Hg, °C 101 182 245(c)
at 10mm Hg, °C 71 150 205
Vapor Pressure at 20°C, mm Hg <1 <0.01 <0.001
Freezing Point, °C(°F) 10.5 (50.9) 28.0 (82.4) 21.6 (70.9)(e)
Absolute Viscosity at 20°C, cP 24.1 — 921(f)
at 30°C, cP 16.2 380 404
Solubility at 20°C, % by wtIn Water Complete Complete(f) Complete(f)
Water In Complete — Complete(f)
Solubility in Organic Liquids at 25°C, % by wt
Acetone Complete Complete(f) CompleteBenzene 0.6 0.03 2Carbon Tetrachloride 0.1 0.01 CompleteEthyl Ether 0.7 0.5 2Heptane 0.1 0.03 <0.03Methanol Complete Complete(f) Complete
Surface Tension, dynes/cm 48.3(d) 48.5(g) 48.9(d)
Refractive Index, nD20 1.4539 1.4747(g) 1.4852(f)
∆ND/∆t at 20 to 40°C per °C 0.00034 0.00027(b) 0.00020
Flash Point, °C (°F) 96 (205)(h) 191 (375)(h) 208 (407)(h)
(a) At 30/20°C (e) Supercools easily(b) At 35 to 65°C (f) Supercooled liquid(c) Extrapolated (decomposes) (g) At 30°C(d) At 25°C (h) Determined by ASTM Method D 93,
using the Pensky-Martens Closed Cup
NOTEThis table sets forth typical properties of Monoethanolamine, Diethanolamine, andTriethanolamine based upon analysis(ses) of commercial product or purified sample, etc.;however, Dow does not analyze each shipment of product for all of these properties. Dowwarrants only that, at the time of delivery, product will conform to Dow’s standard specifica-tions as then in effect.
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Figure 1Vapor Pressure of Ethanolamines
Figure 2Heat of Vaporization of Ethanolamines
1000
600400
200
100
60
40
20
10
64
2
800
500
300
80
5030
8
5
3
120 40 60 80 120 160 200 240
Temperature, °C
Vapo
r Pr
essu
re, m
m H
g
Temperature, °F
70 90 120 160 200 240 320 400 480
Note: Ethanolamines begindecomposing at temperaturesabove about 200°C and canundergo self-sustained decomposition at temperaturesabove 260°C.
*1 Btu/lb = 0.56 cal/g
MEA DEATEA
440
410
380
350
320
290
260
230
200
Hea
t of
Vap
oriz
atio
n, B
tu/lb
*
MEA
DEA
TEA
Temperature, °F
150 250 350 450 550 650
50 100 150 200 250 300 350Temperature, °C
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Figure 3Specific Heat of Ethanolamines
Figure 4Comparative Hygroscopicities of Diethanolamine and Triethanolamine from 75° to 80°F
0.84
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.70
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.60
0.58
0.56
0.540 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Temperature, °C
Temperature, °F40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Spec
ific
Hea
t, C
al/g
-°C
10080
60
40
20
1086
4
2
110 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Relative Humidity, %
Perc
ent
Gai
n in
Wei
ght
at E
quili
briu
m
DEA
TEA
MEA
DEA
TEA
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Figure 5Weight Percent Ethanolamine in Aqueous Solutions vs Normality of Solution
Figure 6pH of Ethanolamine Solutions
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 3 6 9 12 15
Normality of Amine Solution
Am
ine,
Per
cent
by
Wei
ght
in S
olut
ion
40
20
10
4
2
1
.4
.2
.1
.04
.02
.018 9 10 11 12 13
pH at 20°C
Am
ine,
Per
cent
by
Wei
ght
MEADEA
TEA, 99%
TEA,Commercial
TEADEA
MEA
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Figure 7Partial Pressure of Monoethanolamine in Aqueous Solutions at Various Temperatures
Figure 8Vapor-Liquid Equilibria (T-x-y) of Aqueous Monoethanolamine Solutions at 760 mm Hg Absolute
10
1
0.1
0.01
10-3
10-4
0 10 20 30 40 50Temperature, °C
Part
ial P
ress
ure
of M
onoe
than
olam
ine,
mm
Hg
Temperature, °F
40 60 80 100 120
MEA% by wt
1009590
8060
3020
10
5
40
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Monoethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Tem
pera
ture
, °C
Tem
pera
ture
, °F
Vapor Phase
Liquid Phase
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Figure 9Partial Pressure of Diethanolamine in Aqueous Solutions at Various Temperatures
Figure 10Vapor-Liquid Equilibria (T-x-y) of Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions at 760 mm Hg Absolute
0.1
0.01
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70Temperature, °C
Part
ial P
ress
ure
of D
ieth
anol
amin
e, m
m H
g
Temperature, °F
60 80 100 120 140
DEA% by wt
10095
80
60
40
20
10
5
275
255
235
215
195
175
155
135
115
95
75
495
455
415
375
335
295
255
215
175
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Diethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Tem
pera
ture
, °C
Tem
pera
ture
, °F
Vapor Phase
Liquid PhaseNote: Ethanolamines canundergo decomposition at temperatures aboveapproximately 200°C
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Note: Ethanolamines canundergo decomposition at temperatures aboveapproximately 200°C
Figure 11Partial Pressure of Triethanolamine in Aqueous Solutions at Various Temperatures
Figure 12Vapor-Liquid Equilibria (T-x-y) of Aqueous Triethanolamine Solutions at 760 mm Hg Absolute
0 . 1
0 . 0 1
1 0 - 3
1 0 - 4
1 0 - 5
1 0 - 6
1 0 - 7
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100Temperature, °C
Part
ial P
ress
ure
of T
rieth
anol
amin
e, m
m H
g
Temperature, °F
120 140 160 180 200
TEA% by wt
10095
80
60
40
2010
5
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
680
640
600
560
520
480
440
400
360
320
280
240
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Triethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Tem
pera
ture
, °C
Tem
pera
ture
, °F
Vapor Phase
Liquid Phase
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Figure 13Absolute Viscosity of Aqueous Monoethanolamine Solutions
1 30°C (86°F)2 50°C (122°F)3 75°C (167°F)4 100°C (212°F)
100604020106421
0.60.40.20.1A
bsol
ute
Vis
cosi
ty,
Cen
tipoi
se
1234
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Monoethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Figure 14Absolute Viscosity of Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions
1 30°C (86°F)2 50°C (122°F)3 75°C (167°F)4 100°C (212°F)
1000400200100402010421
0.40.20.1A
bsol
ute
Vis
cosi
ty,
Cen
tipoi
se
1
2
34
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Diethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Figure 15Absolute Viscosity of Aqueous Triethanolamine Solutions
1 30°C (86°F)2 50°C (122°F)3 75°C (167°F)4 100°C (212°F)
1000400200100402010421
0.40.20.1A
bsol
ute
Vis
cosi
ty,
Cen
tipoi
se
1
2
34
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Triethanolamine, Percent by Weight
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Figure 16Freezing Points of Aqueous Ethanolamine Solutions
Figure 17Specific Gravity of Aqueous Ethanolamine Solutions at 20/20°C
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
0 20 40 60 80 100Ethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Free
zing
Poi
nt,
°C
Free
zing
Poi
nt,
°F
1.13
1.12
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Ethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Spec
ific
Gra
vity
, 20
/20°
C
FreezingPoint
Note: Freezing point datafor 70% to 90%Diethanolamine in water areextrapolated
Triethanolamine
Diethanolamine
Monoethanolamine
Triethanolamine
Diethanolamine
Monoethanolamine
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Figure 18Weight per Gallon of Aqueous Monoethanolamine Solutions at Various Temperatures
Figure 19Weight per Gallon of Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions at Various Temperatures
9.2
9.0
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
0 20 40 60 80 100Monoethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Poun
ds p
er G
allo
n
9.4
9.2
9.0
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.2
8.0
0 20 40 60 80 100Diethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Poun
ds p
er G
allo
n
Freezing Point Curve
Boiling Point
-20 °F
0 °F 30°F60°F90°F
120°F150°F
180°F
210°F
240°F
Freezing Point Curve
0°F
30°F
60°F
90°F
120°F
150°F
180°F
210°F
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Figure 20Weight per Gallon of Aqueous Triethanolamine Solutions at Various Temperatures
9.6
9.4
9.2
9.0
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.80 20 40 60 80 100
Triethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Poun
ds p
er G
allo
n
Freezing Point Curve
Boiling Point
0°F30°F60°F90°F
120°F150°F180°F210°F240°F
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Figure 21Specific Heats of Aqueous Monoethanolamine Solutions
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cal
/g-°
C
25
0
MEA % by Wt
50
75
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120Temperature, °C
Temperature, °F40 80 120 160 200 240
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cal
/g-°
C
0 20 40 60 80 100 120Temperature, °C
Temperature, °F40 80 120 160 200 240
Figure 22Specific Heats of Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions
Figure 23Specific Heats of Aqueous Triethanolamine Solutions
25
0
DEA % by Wt
50
75100
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
Cal
/g-°
C
0 20 40 60 80 100 120Temperature, °C
Temperature, °F40 80 120 160 200 240
25
0
TEA % by Wt
50
75
100
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FDA and EPA StatusTable 2 • Regulations Under Which Monoethanolamine isCleared for UseFDA Regulation (21 CFR) Permitted Uses
173.315 Additive to flume water for washing sugar beets prior to theslicing operation, at a level not to exceed 0.3 ppm.
175.105 Component of adhesives used in articles intended for packaging, transporting, or holding food.
176.210 Formulation of defoaming agents used in the manufacture ofpaper and paperboard prior to and during the sheet-forming operation.
176.300 Adjuvant in the preparation of slimicides used as antimicrobial agents to control slime in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
178.3120 Adjuvant in the production of animal glue.
Table 3 • Regulations Under Which Diethanolamine is Cleared for UseFDA Regulation (21 CFR) Permitted Uses
175.105 Diethanolamine, and diethanolamine condensed with animal orvegetable fatty acids, as components of adhesives used in articles intended for packaging, transporting, or holding food.
176.170 Boiler water additive in paper mill boilers used in the manufac-ture of paper and paperboard intended for use in contact withaqueous and fatty foods.
176.170, Adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the 176.180 manufacture of paper and paperboard in contact with
aqueous, fatty or dry food prior to the sheet-forming operation.
176.180 Diethanolamine and fatty acid (C12-C18) diethanolamides for useas a component of the coated or uncoated food-contact surface of paper and paperboard in contact with dry food.
176.210 Diethanolamine and certain fatty diethanolamides for use in theformulation of defoaming agents used in the manufacture ofpaper and paperboard prior to and during the sheet-forming operation.
177.1200 Coconut oil fatty acid (C12-C18) diethanolamide, coconut oil fattyacid (C12-C18) diethanolamine soap, and diethanolamine mixturehaving total alkali (calculated as potassium hydroxide) of 16-18%and having an acid number of 25-35 are cleared only as adjuvants employed during the processing of cellulose pulpused in the manufacture of cellophane base sheet.
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177.2260 Fatty acid (C10-C18) diethanolamide condensates for use in fiberfinishing of resin-bonded filters used in producing, manufacturing, processing, and preparing food, as specified in theregulation.
177.2600 Component of rubber articles intended for repeated use (not to exceed 5% by weight of rubber product).
177.2800 Certain fatty diethanolamides for use in the production of, or asa component of, textiles and textile fibers which are used in contact with dry food.
178.3120 Diethanolamine and certain fatty diethanolamides for use as a defoaming agent or other adjuvant in the production of animal glue.
EPA Regulation (40 CFR) Permitted Uses
180.1001(d) Inert ingredient for use in formulations applied to growing crops(restricted to pre-emergence use only)*.
*This EPA Regulation cross-references to FDA Regulations 182.99 and 582.99
Table 4 • Regulations Under Which Triethanolamine is Cleared for UseFDA Regulation (21 CFR) Permitted Uses
173.315 Additive to flume water for washing sugar beets prior to theslicing operation, at a level not to exceed 2 ppm.
175.105 Component of adhesives used in articles intended for packaging, transporting, or holding food.
175.300 Modifier for melamine-formaldehyde resins used as the basic polymer in resinous and polymeric coatings applied as a continuous film or enamel over a metal substrate, or applied as a continuous film or enamel to any suitable substrate, provided that the coating serves as a functional barrier between the food and the substrateand is intended for repeated food-contact use.
175.380 Modifier for melamine-formaldehyde resins used as optional adjuvant substances in xylene-formaldehyde resins condensedwith 4,4’-isopropylidenedephenol-epichlorohydrine epoxy resins.
175.390 Modifier for melamine-formaldehyde resins used as optional substances in zinc-silicone dioxide matrix coatings.
176.170, Adjust pH during the manufacture of amino resins permitted for176.180 use as components of paper and paperboard in contact with
fatty, aqueous, and dry foods.
176.180 Component of the coated or uncoated food-contact surface ofpaper and paperboard in contact with dry food.
176.200 Component of defoaming agents used in the preparation andapplication of coatings for paper and paperboard.
176.210 Triethanolamine and certain fatty triethanolamides and soaps
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for use in the formulation of defoaming agents used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to, and during, thesheet-forming operation.
177.1200 Modify melamine-formaldehyde resins for use as the basic polymer in cellophane coatings and as resin to anchor coatings tocellophane.
177.1210 Optional substance in the formulation of closure-sealing gasketsand overall discs.
177.1680 Curing agent for polyurethane resins used as the food-contactsurface for dry bulk foods.
177.2260 Triethanolamine salt of fatty acids derived from animal or vegetable fats and oils for use in fiber finishes for resin-bondedfilters used in producing, manufacturing, processing, and preparing food, as specified in the regulation.
177.2600 Component of rubber articles intended for repeated use(not to exceed 5% by weight of rubber product).
177.2800 Component of or added to textile and textile fibers which areused as articles or components of articles which contact dry food.
178.3120 Triethanolamine and certain fatty triethanolamides and soaps foruse as a defoaming agent or other adjuvant in the production ofanimal glue.
178.3910 Component of surface lubricants used to facilitate the rolling ofmetallic foil and sheet stock.
EPA Regulation (40 CFR) Permitted Use
180.1001(d) Inert ingredient for use in formulations applied to growing crops(restricted to pre-emergence use only)*.
*This EPA Regulation cross-references to FDA Regulations 182.99 and 582.99
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Storage and HandlingProper storage and handling will help maintain the quality of ethanolamine products. Undernormal conditions ethanolamines are considered to be thermally stable molecules and arenot corrosive to the proper containers. However, they are sufficiently reactive that uponexposure to adventitious carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and oxygen, trace levels ofbyproducts can form and increased color often results.
For storage and handling information contact your Dow representative. Ask for a copy ofbooklet UC-1354, “Ethanolamines Storage and Handling.”
SAFETY NOTE — MONOETHANOLAMINEMonoethanolamine in contact with iron can form a crystalline complex calledtris(ethanolamino)-iron. This compound can ignite when heated to 130-160°F (54-71°C) inthe presence of air. A fire is known to have occurred in a storage tank equipped with acarbon steel heating coil using 150 psig steam. For internal steam applications, stainless steelheating coils should be used; low-pressure steam is preferred for safety and product quality.
STORAGE TEMPERATURESEthanolamines require heated and insulated storage and transfer facilities. Ethanolaminesdarken, however, at temperatures above 140°F (60°C).
Table 5 • Storage Temperatures for EthanolaminesApproximate
Freezing Storage Viscosity, cP,Point, °C (°F) Temperature, °F 30°C (86°F)
Monoethanolamine 10.5 (50.9) 65-100 15
Diethanolamine 28.0 (82.4) 95-120 380
Triethanolamine, Commercial 15.8 (60.4) 75-110 400
Triethanolamine, 99% 21.6 (70.9)(a) 85-110 400
(a) Supercools easily
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Shipping InformationFor your convenience in ordering, Dow markets ethanolamines both direct and through aneffective network of distributors. Less than full tank car or tank truck quantities can bedelivered most rapidly through a Dow distributor. Consult your Dow representative for thename of the distributor nearest you.
For delivery of large volume orders, ethanolamines are stocked in terminals throughout theworld.
Table 6 • Shipping Data for Ethanolamines Monoethanolamine Diethanolamine Triethanolamine, Triethanolamine,
Commercial 99%
Pounds per Gallon at 20°C 8.47 9.10 (30°C) 9.37 9.38Kilograms per liter at 20°C 1.015 1.088 (30°C) 1.123 1.124
Coefficient of Expansion 0.00081 0.00060 0.00049 0.00053at 55°C, per °C
Flash Point, °C (°F)(a) 96 (205) 191 (375) 194 (382) 208 (407)
(a) Determined by ASTM Method D 93, using the Pensky-Martens Closed Cup
SpecificationsSpecifications for DOW Ethanolamines are available on request from your Dow sales representative.
Product SafetyWhen considering the use of any Dow products in a particular application, you shouldreview Dow’s latest Material Safety Data Sheets and ensure that the use you intend can beaccomplished safely. For Material Safety Data Sheets and other product safety information,contact the Dow sales office nearest you. Before handling any other products mentioned inthe text, you should obtain available product safety information and take necessary steps toensure safety of use.
No chemical should be used as or in a food, drug, medical device, or cosmetic, until theuser has determined the suitability and legality of the use. Since government regulationsand use conditions are subject to change, it is the user’s responsibility to determine that thisinformation is appropriate and suitable under current, applicable laws and regulations.
Dow requests that the customer read, understand, and comply with the informationcontained in this publication and the current Material Safety Data Sheet(s). The customershould furnish the information in this publication to its employees, contractors, andcustomers, or any other users of the product(s), and request that they do the same.
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NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location toanother and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate forCustomer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactment.Seller assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.
Published November 2001.
The Dow Chemical CompanyMidland, Michigan 48674 U.S.A.
In the United States and Canada: call 1-800-447-4369 • fax 1-989-832-1465In Europe: call toll-free +800 3 694 6367 • +32 3 450 2240 • fax +32 3 450 2815
In the Pacific: call +852 2879 7260 • fax +852 2827 5881In Other Global Areas: call 1-989-832-1560 • fax 1-989-832-1465
Or visit us at www.dow.com
*
*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company Form No. 111-01375-1101 AMS
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