Americas Europe Africa Asia Middle East

United States congress does not agrees to join League of nationsDepression hitsLatin American cash crops fall in priceSpread of socialist and communist ideas Fear of future warsMexican revolution part II for peasant land redistributionRoosevelt corollary continues

Versailles treaty leaves out Central powers. France and Great Britain wishes to punish Germany. Europe suffers from Great depression because of War costs.Russia signs omitted because of Communist Revolution 1917.Ottoman and Austria-Hungary divided into new territories (self-determination)“lost generation” leads to fear of future warsRise of totalitarian dictators (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Franco)

Many promised independence if they fought for their colonizers (did not get it) . Taught them how to kill “white people”Inspired nationalist sentiment which would eventually lead to decolonization after WWIIMany given mandate or protectorate status after warMany were at the Versailles conference but received nothingColonization will continue

India and Viet Nam would gain nationalist ambitions but would not see independence until after the second war.

Japan recognized as a player which would eventually cede territories in the South Pacific which once belonged to Germany. Inspires imperialist ambitions.

China disregarded and created civil chaos and May fourth movement (unintended) to inspire students to fight for more rights (like the 1989 Tiananmen square protests)

Saudi Arabia the only independent nation from the Ottoman Empire which gains popular sovereignty

Most become British or French Mandates (technically still under their control) because of oils in region

Balfour Declaration (British promise of an independent Jewish homeland) fuels Zionism (not realized until 1948)

Sykes-Picot agreement (secret agreement between France and Great Britain to create an independent Palestine) unfulfilled but continued Pan-Arab nationalism

The Post-WWI WorldThe Post-WWI World

The End of WWI – End of The End of WWI – End of Death?Death?

War ends November War ends November 19181918

Casualties disrupt Casualties disrupt European societies- European societies- France & Serbia 10%France & Serbia 10%

Spanish Flu pandemic Spanish Flu pandemic 1918-1919 killed 20-40 1918-1919 killed 20-40 million (more than million (more than Black Death)Black Death)

US had over 600,000 US had over 600,000 dead, India 12.5 milliondead, India 12.5 million

Flu most deadly ages Flu most deadly ages 20-4020-40

Why did flu spread so Why did flu spread so rapidly?rapidly?

The End of WWIThe End of WWI

Russia embroiled in brutal civil Russia embroiled in brutal civil war between Bolsheviks (Reds) war between Bolsheviks (Reds) and anti-Bolsheviks (Whites)and anti-Bolsheviks (Whites)

Britain, France, US, and Japan Britain, France, US, and Japan send troops to Russia – mixed send troops to Russia – mixed motivesmotives

Results of TreatyResults of Treaty

Billions in reparationsBillions in reparations Occupation of RhinelandOccupation of Rhineland Occupation of Industrial areasOccupation of Industrial areas Germany - Weimar RepublicGermany - Weimar Republic New European states carved out New European states carved out

of Germany, Russia, and Austro-of Germany, Russia, and Austro-Hungarian EmpireHungarian Empire

Post-War EuropePost-War Europe

Wilson’s failure – League of Wilson’s failure – League of NationsNations

League of Nations:League of Nations: US Senate does not ratify TreatyUS Senate does not ratify Treaty Wilson suffers stroke- power?Wilson suffers stroke- power? Italy- Libya and EthiopiaItaly- Libya and Ethiopia Japan- ManchuriaJapan- Manchuria Differences with UN?Differences with UN?

AsiaAsia

Japan gains Germany’s Asian coloniesJapan gains Germany’s Asian colonies German Samoa taken by Australia/NZGerman Samoa taken by Australia/NZ China declared war on Germany in China declared war on Germany in

1917- gains nothing1917- gains nothing Japan demands more from China- Japan demands more from China-

Nationalist Chinese making gainsNationalist Chinese making gains Ho Chi Minh seeks Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh seeks Vietnamese

independenceindependence Self-determination only for Europe?Self-determination only for Europe?

The Middle EastThe Middle East

The Ottoman Empire disintegrated- The Ottoman Empire disintegrated- New Turkish state 1923New Turkish state 1923

Arabs helped Allies in return for Arabs helped Allies in return for promises of independence- promises of independence- monarchies of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and monarchies of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran created by BritainIran created by Britain

Remaining Ottoman lands divided Remaining Ottoman lands divided between Britain and Francebetween Britain and France

Balfour declaration (1917) gives Balfour declaration (1917) gives support for a Jewish statesupport for a Jewish state

India (South Asia)India (South Asia)

Indian troops saw Indian troops saw action on side of action on side of allies in Africa, allies in Africa, Middle East, and the Middle East, and the Western FrontWestern Front

Hoped wartime Hoped wartime participation would participation would lead to self-lead to self-governmentgovernment

British refusal to British refusal to give up India led to give up India led to rise of Indian rise of Indian nationalists nationalists (Gandhi)(Gandhi)

AfricaAfrica

Change of Change of ownership of ownership of coloniescolonies

Service of colonial Service of colonial troops in WWI troops in WWI leads to demands leads to demands for freedomfor freedom

Rise of nationalist Rise of nationalist groupsgroups

The Great Depression – The Great Depression – Laying the Groundwork Laying the Groundwork

(1920s)(1920s) War-induced inflationWar-induced inflation Overproduction = Overproduction =

lower priceslower prices Colonial Colonial

overproduction = overproduction = decreased demand decreased demand for manufactured for manufactured goodsgoods

Protectionism: tariffs, Protectionism: tariffs, closed marketsclosed markets

The Great Depression – The Great Depression – Stock Market CrashStock Market Crash

October 1929- NY October 1929- NY stock market stock market crashedcrashed

European loans European loans called incalled in

US & European US & European banks failbanks fail

Investment funds Investment funds dry updry up

Industrial production Industrial production falls accompanied by falls accompanied by unemployment and unemployment and lower wageslower wages

The Great Depression – The Great Depression – World ImpactWorld Impact

Russia:Russia: Communist Russia protected from Communist Russia protected from

depression due to isolation from worlddepression due to isolation from world Rapid, forced industrial growth (5 Year Rapid, forced industrial growth (5 Year

Plans)Plans)

The Great Depression – The Great Depression – World ImpactWorld Impact

Latin America:Latin America: Decline in exports caused high Decline in exports caused high

unemploymentunemployment Stimulated greater government Stimulated greater government

direction of economiesdirection of economies

The Great Depression – The Great Depression – World ImpactWorld Impact

Japan:Japan: Dependent on exports to pay for raw Dependent on exports to pay for raw

materialsmaterials Severe unemployment (3 million)Severe unemployment (3 million) Value of exports drop 50 percentValue of exports drop 50 percent Depression increased suspicion of Depression increased suspicion of

the West and spurred expansion into the West and spurred expansion into Asia to secure additional markets Asia to secure additional markets