http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/2328367
1/vegas-fast-food-workers-set-to-strike- thursday
http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/2328367
1/vegas-fast-food-workers-set-to-strike- thursday Poverty Level
2013: Family of 4 = $24,000 Family of 3: $19,000-Individual:
$12,000 Minimum Wage: $7.25 x 40 hours/52 weeks = $15,080 a year
Need to work 65 hours per week to reach $24,000
Slide 3
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S
Industrialization in the late 1800s? A. Unions were needed to
guarantee a steady supply of workers. B. Union membership was
required for employment in new industries. C. Factory owners set up
labor unions in order to control their large workforce. D. Unions
organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions
and long workdays.
Slide 4
Unregulated, unsafe working conditions with long hours and low
wages Complain: Get pay docked or get fired Workers are fed up and
demand rights Labor Union: An organization of workers that join
together to protect their rights and improve their conditions
Better pay, better hours, safer environment, etc.
Slide 5
Collective Bargaining: Union representatives negotiate with
business owners for better conditions and treatment Arbitration:
Settle dispute outside court, neutral mediator hears both sides and
they agree to comply with third-party decision
http://www.history.com/topics/labor/vid
eos#1930s-gm-sit-down-strike
http://www.history.com/topics/labor/vid
eos#1930s-gm-sit-down-strike
Slide 6
Founded in 1869 by Terence Powderly Originally a secret society
due to fear of retaliation from monopolies For skilled and
unskilled workers, all races and genders 1877: Railroad workers
strike around the country-100 killed by US troops in riot Poor
treatment of workers on strike increases union support and
membership
Slide 7
Slide 8
8-hour day Regulation of Child Labor Graduated Income Tax
Restriction of immigrants to protect jobs Unions support Chinese
Exclusion Act and Quota Acts Worker-owned Factories Equal pay for
women
Slide 9
Haymarket Riot: Chicago 1886 Workers gather in Haymarket Square
to protest police brutality Someone throws bomb that kills 12 8
police officers Lack of evidence: Anarchist workers accused 8 riot
organizers arrested and put on trial
Slide 10
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Slide 12
All found guilty, 7 workers sentenced to death One commits
suicide in jail 4 are hung in Illinois 3 are eventually pardoned
due to lack of evidence Conviction causes outrage in unions around
the world
Slide 13
Newspapers and politicians depict unions as violent extremists
Lack of govt and public support leads to a decline in membership
Hold the labor movement back for years
Slide 14
Slide 15
The Haymarket Riot broke out in Chicago to protest to unfair
shooting of union protestors. After a bomb was thrown into the
crowd, seven union members were sentenced to death with little
evidence to prove their guilt. Though this caused outrage among
laborers around the world, the ultimate outcome was: A. Decline in
Knights of Labor membership due to little public or government
support. B. Increased public support and union membership. C.
Government enacts laws to regulate business and help the workers.
D. Protesting and strikes are made illegal.
Slide 16
AFL founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers In Columbus, Ohio Becomes
one of the most successful, important, lasting unions of all time
Organized trade/craft union that only accepts skilled workers
Slide 17
Similar Goals to other unions, but less extreme: Focus on
peaceful negotiations Eventually uses strikes/boycotts Avoids
radical politics Supports candidates that work for labor
rights
Slide 18
Slide 19
Not accepting of all skills, races, genders 1930s: Some unite
to form committee of unskilled workers as branch of AFL AFL
disagrees and groups split CIO: Congress of Industrial
Organizations (unskilled) 1955: Finally united skilled and
unskilled workers as AFL-CIO Union is exists and is one of the most
successful in history
The most successful and long-lasting labor union from this
period was led by Samuel Gompers and was less radical, with simple,
straight forward demands. This union, which still exists today, is
called: A. The Knights of Labor B. The Industrial Workers of the
World C. The American Federation of Labor D. The International
Ladies Garment Workers Union
Slide 22
Founded in 1900 by 7 NYC textile unions For skilled and
unskilled workers Many were Jewish immigrants Goals: Workmans
Compensation benefits Improve sweatshop conditions Better hours and
pay Safety regulations Successful Marches (1909-1920)
Slide 23
1911: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire 146 young women die in
fire or fall to their deaths Doors were locked to prevent stealing
and taking breaks 100,000 attend funeral march Rallies support for
union and safety regulations
Slide 24
Slide 25
Problems: Divided leadership Fights about Communist influence
Cant agree on negotiations Later joined CIO then AFL-CIO 1995:
Joined other garment unions to form UNITE
http://www.heritage.org/research/comm
entary/2008/04/do-americans-today- still-need-labor-unions
http://www.heritage.org/research/comm
entary/2008/04/do-americans-today- still-need-labor-unions
Slide 26
Strikes: Refuse to work until demands are met How: Sit down or
walk out until union negotiates a new contract No one makes money
until its over = pressure to agree Americans support strikes back
then? Violent and Chaotic Blacklisted: Union strikers put on a list
so other companies wont hire them Boycotts: Dont buy goods/services
from companies that dont allow unions or treat workers fairly
Slide 27
Steel Union vs. Homestead Steel Co. in Pennsylvania owned by
Carnegie http://www.history.com/topics/labor/videos
#andrew-carnegie-and-the-homestead- strike
http://www.history.com/topics/labor/videos
#andrew-carnegie-and-the-homestead- strike Why: Union refused to
except wage reduction Replacement workers hired Violent riot
Results: State militia breaks strike Workers must accept wage
reduction No steel workers union again until 1930s
Slide 28
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Slide 31
Strikes were a very important part of life for workers during
the Industrial Revolution. Describe what happened in the Homestead
Steel Strike? A. Workers went on strike due to low wages and
received high pay peacefully. B. Workers signed individual
contracts and avoided the strike C. Workers went on strike against
low pay, fought with guns resulting in death, and it caused the end
of their union and lower wages. D. Workers went on strike due to
high pay, fought with slogans and signs resulting in death and
lower wages.
Slide 32
Why: Pullman Railroad workers get 25% wage cut, some laid off
Rent in the company town stayed the same American Railway Union led
by Eugene V. Debs go on strike Strikes break out nationwide
Results: Picketers refuse to let trains leave Chicago Set some on
fire and halt mail delivery Govt breaks up strike: obstruction to
interstate commerce
Slide 33
Slide 34
During the Industrial Revolution many people were against
creating unions and strikes. Why? A. They were very successful and
people received better benefits. B. Many were unsuccessful and
caused violence and chaos C. Many were tricked by the rich to
believe they were evil. D. They were frowned upon because of Social
Darwinism.
Slide 35
1912: Lawrence,Massachusetts Why: Pay cut after new law
shortens the work week Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
organize a diverse group of workers Mostly immigrants and women
Lasts two months Results: Starving kids sent to supporting families
Gain public support Workers all get a 20% raise
Slide 36
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Slide 40
During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century,
farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings
and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes
was A. higher prices for crops. B. increased rural population
density. C. a shortage of land for farming. D. greater productivity
for farmers
Slide 41
Agrarian: Agriculture, farming Positives for Farmers during the
Industrial Revolution: Cheap land on the frontier and new
technology Increases productivity with less workers Problems: Lack
of capital (money) Machines were expensive Dependent on railroads
In dept to railroads and banks Bad weather/drought leads to poor
crop
Slide 42
Though farmers had cheap land and new technology, they did not
have enough capital (money) to combat bad weather, poor harvests,
and low prices for food. They blamed most of their problems on: A.
The government not regulating big business. B. Railroads charging
high prices for storage and transport of corn and grain. C. Not
being able to pay back bank loans because of gold hoarding or money
scarcity. D. All of the above.
Slide 43
Railroads charge high prices: Farmers are forced to pay Charge
extra to store grain in elevator before shipping it They charge
higher price for a short haul than a long haul shipment Grangers
form cooperatives: Pool their money together to buy/build and then
share equipment
Slide 44
The Granger Movement was a social organization where farmers
voiced their struggles. One of the solutions they came up with for
their problems was: A. Using strikes and boycotts to fight the high
railroad prices. B. Creating cooperatives that bought grain
elevators and machines in bulk for farmers to share. C. Leaving
their farms and moving back to the cities to find factory jobs. D.
Nominating their own candidate for president who would work for
farmers rights.
Slide 45
More political than Grangers Encourage state legislatures to
pass laws regulating railroad freight and storage prices Landmark
Case: Munn vs. Illinois: Supreme Courts says state can set maximum
rate for grain storage
Slide 46
Cincinnati (1890): New reform movement uniting farmers
alliances Populist Party: Politicians who stand up for farmers
rights Want to make govt work for the farmers Complain about
corrupt govt run by big business and the rich Gain influence/seats
in local and state govt, the House and the Senate
Slide 47
Populist Platform: Graduated Income Tax Govt
ownership/operation of railroads 8 hr. workday Referendum: Voter
power to initiate ideas for new laws and to vote for/against new
laws Unlimited coinage of silver: create inflation in order to
repay debts quickly
Slide 48
In 1890, the Farmers Alliances united to form the Populist
Party. Their platform of beliefs and solutions for farmers
included: A. Flat income tax, 8 hr. workday, and government
ownership of the banks B. Graduated income tax, 8 hr. workday, and
continuation of the gold standard C. Graduated income tax, 8 hr.
workday, and unlimited coinage of silver D. Flat income tax,
government ownership of railroads, and direct election of
Senators
Slide 49
Populists and Democrats nominate William Jennings Bryan Loses
to Republican William McKinley Supported gold: Eastern workers fear
inflation Other parties adopt reform ideas: Even when 3 rd
/independent parties lose they can have major influence
Slide 50
16 th Amendment (1913): Graduated Income Tax 17 th : Direct
election of US Senators by popular vote Interstate Commerce Act
(1887): Fed govt regulates railroads Enforce reasonable rates
Pooling and rebates are illegal
Slide 51
Though the Populist Party declined after the loss of William
Jennings Bryan, their legacy was carried on by the major parties in
the form of these reform laws: A. The unlimited coinage of silver
to create inflation and pay off debt. B. The regulation of working
conditions and child labor laws. C. The 16 th and 17 th Amendment,
as well as the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. D. The 16 th and 17 th
Amendments, as well as the Interstate Commerce Act.
