AMERICAN LITERATURE IN THE 19TH CENTURY

THE BOSTON BRAHMINS

Literatura Americana IIProfessora Vera Lima Ceccon

Grupo 2: Gabriela MourãoLeandro CoutoRenata TorresUFRJ – 2010/2

JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER(1807 – 1892)

Biografia

Origem

Vida Acadêmica

“Nasce” um escritor

Publicações/Temática

Autor , Nação & Reconhecimento

Os Estados Unidos em 1800

MASSACHUSSETS TO VIRGINIABY WHITTIER (FRAGMENTADO)

Vocabulário: Estrofe 1: Blast: forte rajada de vento

Haughty: arroganteBugle: clarim (instrumento musical)Peal: som, barulhoTread: passo, caminharFile: fileira de soldados uns atrás dos outrosClang: som metálico altoHorsemen: homem que anda à cavaloSteel: arma de aço, como uma espada

Estrofe 3: Swell: erguer-se, expandir-se

Forego: abandonarHewer: trabalhador braçal Oak: carvalho Axe: machado

Estrofe 6: Hath: has

O’er: overSwept (sweep): mover-se rapidamente sobre um lugar, apoderando-se dele Briton: britânico Steel array: um grande grupo de tropas armadas Tarleton’s charge of fire, and stout Cornwallis: comandantes das forças britânicas na Virgínia durante a Revolução Americana.

Estrofe 9: Bondmen: slaves

Bidding: demanda, ordemBloodhound: cão usado para rastrear pessoas ou objetos Summon: chamadoHorn: trompa, cornetaTear: destruirWretched: desgraçado

POEMA:

Estrofe 1:

The blast from Freedom’s Northern hills, upon its Southern way,

Bears greeting to Virginia from Massachusetts Bay:

No word of haughty challenging, nor battle bugle’s peal,

Nor steady tread of marching files, nor clang of horsemen’s steel,

Estrofe 3:

We hear thy threats, Virginia! thy stormy words and high

Swell harshly on the Southern winds which melt along our sky;

10Yet not one brown, hard hand foregoes its honest labor here,

No hewer of our mountain oaks suspends his axe in fear.

Estrofe 6:

What means the Old Dominion? Hath she forgot the day

When o’er her conquered valleys swept the Briton’s steel array?

How, side by side with sons of hers, the Massachusetts men

Encountered Tarleton’s charge of fire, and stout Cornwallis, then?

Estrofe 9:

We hunt your bondmen, flying from Slavery’s hateful hell;

Our voices, at your bidding, take up the bloodhound’s yell;

We gather, at your summons, above our fathers’ graves.

From Freedom’s holy altar-horns to tear your wretched slaves! 

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL(1819 – 1891)

Biografia

Origem

Vida Acadêmica

“Nasce” um escritor

Publicações/Temática

Autor , Nação & Reconhecimento

TO THE DANDELIONBY LOWELL

Vocabulário:

1ª Estrofe:Dandelion: dente-de-leão (flor)Fring: decorar, ornamentarPledge: sinalBlithesome: contente, felizPluck: arrancarBuccaneers: pirataSummer-blooms: “flores que desabrocham no verão”

2ª Estrofe:Prow: proaPrimeval: primitivo, antigo, primordialLean: finoBrow: “fronte”Largess: “dádiva”Scatter: difundir, disseminarLavish: que dá em abundância

3ª estrofe: 6ª Estrofe:

Tropics: região dos trópicos Prodigal: abundante

Heed: dar importância Deem: julgar

Ravishment: êxtase Scanty: pouco

Burst: “emergir” Wondrous: fantástico, maravilhoso

4ª estrofe:

Meadow: prado

Graze: “pastar”

Slumber: repousar

Whiten: alvejar

Stray: vagante, errante

5ª Estrofe:

Robin: Tordo americano (pássaro)

Piety: crença

Untainted: “não-contaminada”

POEMA Dear common flower, that grow'st beside the way,

Fringing the dusty road with harmless gold,

First pledge of blithesome May,

Which children pluck, and, full of pride, uphold,

High-hearted buccaneers, o'er joyed that they

An Eldorado in the grass have found,

Which not the rich earth's ample round.

May match in wealth--thou art more dear to me

Than all the prouder summer-blooms may be.

Gold such as thine ne'er drew the Spanish prow

Through the primeval hush of Indian seas,

Nor wrinkled the lean brow

Of age, to rob the lover's heart of ease;

'T is the Spring's largess, which she scatters now

To rich and poor alike, with lavish hand,

Though most hearts never understand

To take it at God's value, but pass by

The offered wealth with unrewarded eye.

Thou art my tropics and mine Italy;

To look at thee unlocks a warmer clime;

The eyes thou givest me

Are in the heart, and heed not space or time:

Not in mid June the golden-cuirassed bee

Feels a more summer-like, warm ravishment

In the white lily's breezy tent,

His fragrant Sybaris, than I, when first

From the dark green thy yellow circles burst.

Then think I of deep shadows on the grass,

Of meadows where in sun the cattle graze,

Where, as the breezes pass,

The gleaming rushes lean a thousand ways,

Of leaves that slumber in a cloudy mass,

Or whiten in the wind, of waters blue

That from the distance sparkle through

Some woodland gap, and of a sky above,

Where one white cloud like a stray lamb doth move.

My childhood's earliest thoughts are linked with thee;

The sight of thee calls back the robin's song,

Who, from the dark old tree

Beside the door, sang clearly all day long,

And I, secure in childish piety,

Listened as if I heard an angel sing

With news from Heaven, which he could bring

Fresh every day to my untainted ears,

When birds and flowers and I were happy peers.

How like a prodigal doth nature seem,

When thou, for all thy gold, so common art!

Thou teachest me to deem

More sacredly of every human heart,

Since each reflects in joy its scanty gleam

Of Heaven, and could some wondrous secret show,

Did we but pay the love we owe,

And with a child's undoubting wisdom look

On all these living pages of God's book.

FONTE http://www.bartleby.com/42/794.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/robertburns/biography/ http://books.google.com.br/books?id=ZZG9n5ZE-

q4C&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=%22wood+hymns%22+%2B%22whittier%22&source=bl&ots=DXt9_zarvQ&sig=7dIZad_JAnymgWbosH4oIqou5_A&hl=pt-BR&ei=7dHlTMjuOMP88AaC-4m5CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22wood%20hymns%22%20%2B%22whittier%22&f=false

http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/maps/1800/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6538/ http://www.haverhillpl.org/Departments/special/jgwhittier.html http://www.johngreenleafwhittier.com/about_birthplace.htm http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5654 http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma01/lisle/dial/lowell.html

http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/1/7/9/4/17948/17948.htm

www.thefreedictionary.com http://www1.uol.com.br/babylon/http://

www.johngreenleafwhittier.com/about_whittier.htm