American Civil War in Virginia(1861-1865)

Student Name: _______________________________________ Date: ____________________

For each of the following questions, fill-in-the-blanks:

Questions/Statements

Prelude to War:

1. In the North, industrialization led to

development of _______________ societies;and, in the South, ______________ societiesdeveloped based upon the production of “rawmaterials” used in Northern and Europeanindustrial societies.

2. The Compromise of 1850 was an intricate package of _____________ bills designed to

defuse a confrontation between _______________ and free states over territorial expansion.

3. The _____________ Slave Act was one of the bills included in the Compromise of 1850.

4. By the Fugitive Slave Act, any freed blacks living in the North had to be

___________________________________________________ (jailed, sent to Africa, returnedto their masters.)

5. Abolitionist societies were active in the United States before _______________ (1700, 1800,1900). And, by 1808 the importation of slaves into the United States was officially

________________ (banned, sanctioned, permitted).

6. In the 1830s, William Lloyd _____________ (founder of theAmerican Anti-Slavery Society) demanded that slave-owners repentimmediately and set up a system of immediate emancipation.

7. Metaphorically, the escape routes for slaves seeking freedom inthe North were referred to as the _______________________

________________ and stops along the way were called “stations”.

8. _________________ is called the Father of the Underground Railroad because he helpedmany hundreds of slaves escape to freedom in the North.

9. ________________________________ wrote the famousabolitionist book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”.

10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a very popular “_____________” play of the day.

11. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed residents ofthese new territories to decide the question of whether or not

to allow ______________ within their boundaries.

12. After 1854, Kansas became a _________________ kegthat exploded into a bloody civil war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery residents.

13. The Chief Justice of the Supreme court at the time of the Dred Scott case was a southerner

named ___________________________. His court’s decided that slaves were NOT citizens but

the same as any other ___________________.

14. John Brown led a raid on the armory at _____________________ in present-day WV.

15. John Brown was accused of ________________ against the state of Virginia.

16. The leader of United States troops that captured John Brown was ____________________of Virginia.

17. Lincoln (a Republican) was elected because the ___________________ (the dominantpolitical party in the United States) were divided over the issue of slavery.

18. The act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity is called

____________________________________.

19. ______________ states declared their secession from the Union before Lincoln took office.

20. The constitution of the Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) _____________________(allowed/prohibited) importation of slaves from other countries (e.g., from Africa.)

21. ____________________________________ was selected as theprovisional President of the CSA in February of 1861 (before Lincoln tookoffice in March of 1861).

22. The 1 or provisional capitol of the C.S.A. was located inst

_______________________________, Alabama. It was later moved to _______________________________, Virginia.

23. Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on

___________________________, 1861.

24. Lincoln’s Secretary of State was __________________________ of NY.

25. In his Inaugural Address, Lincoln ended with an Appeal for ______________________ (i.e.,getting back together).

26. After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and Lincoln’s subsequent call for troops

________________ more states (including Virginia) declared their secession from the Union.

27. At their Secession Conference, Virginia at first voted __________________ (for, against)secession.

28. Lincoln told the delegation from Virginia that he (would or would not)

___________________________ invade the South or use force against ...the people anywhere;but, two days later after Fort Sumter was fired upon, Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 militaryvolunteers to invade the South and put down the rebellion of the Confederate States.

29. After Lincoln announced his intent to invade the South,Virginia’s delegates to the Secession Conference voted____________________(for, against) secession. And later, thepeople of Virginia voted _______________________ (by closemajority, overwhelmingly) for the Ordinance of Secession.

30 Secession Conference delegates from present-day WV voted ___________________ (for, against) secession. Later, the peopleof present-day WV voted to repeal the Virginia Ordinance ofSecession and become a separate State (i.e., the State of WV).

31. Abraham Lincoln issued a Proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen in order to put downthe rebellion by Southern states calling themselves the Confederate States of America (C.S.A.). This proclamation was a defacto ___________________ ________ __________ which by theUS Constitution is a power granted to the Congress by Article One.

32. In May 1861 ______________________________, Governor of the Commonwealth ofVirginia, issued a War Proclamation with his determinationto “repel (the Union’s planned) invasion” of the SouthernStates.

33. Unionists believed that the formation of the C.S.A. bySouthern States was an act of ________________________ or insurrection not an Act ofWar by a foreign power.

The American Civil War in Virginia:

34. The first major actions of the Union Army were in Virginia. They invaded Virginia at__________________________ and engaged Confederate forces at 1 ______________.st

35. After Virginia seceded, the Confederate capitol was moved from Montgomery, AL to_____________________ Virginia. And, Union forces wanted to take the capitol by rail through_______________Junction in Northern Virginia which gave rise to the Battle of 1st

_______________.

36. When Union troops entered Alexandria, Virginia by boat at the wharf, Confederate troopsretreated from the city; but, the manager of the _________________House Tavern was flying a Confederate flag which led to his death bythe hand of a Union soldier who shot him for killing his captain whohad torn down the CSA flag.

37. Union troops first invaded Virginia across the_________________ Bridge which was over the Potomac river nearthe present-day RR bridge between Washington, DC and Arlington,Virginia.

38. In the 1860s, the RR route to Richmond from Washington (i.e.,Alexandria) was the Alexandria & Orange RR that had a major“junction” connection with the Shenandoah Valley at Manassas. So, the Union wanted to takecontrol of _______________ as a part of their effort to take control of Richmond (i.e., theConfederate capitol).

39. At the battle of 1 Manassas, Union troops were doing good until “Stonewall” Jackson gotst

his men to stand fast between the Union troops and the RR station at Manassas Junction andoverwhelming numbers of additional Confederate troops were brought to the battle from theShenandoah ________________ by way of the Manassas Gap RR.

40. The Union retreat from Manassas was a rout called theGreat “__________________” by Southerners.

41. Gen. Scott & McClellan’s grand Union strategy forsuppressing the rebellion was to “__________________ thedisorganized confederate nation and bring it to terms”.

42. The Confederate strategy for “fighting” the Civil War wasto “defend against the Northern ________________ and forcethe Union to recognize Southern independence thru military and/or diplomatic means.

43. ______________ was the farm commodity the South sought to use as a diplomatic weaponagainst the Northern and European industrial societies.

44. The Union used surrogate like Henry Ward Beecher to convince the ________________notto support the South in its War for/against slavery which they had abolished as an institution.

45, The Confederate use of cotton to obtain foreign support forthe South during the American Civil War was___________________ (successful/unsuccessful).

46. The Union blockade of Southern exports______________________ (helped/hurt) the Southern economy.

47. The Confederate ______________________ sunk the USFCumberland which was on blockade duty off the Atlantic coast.

48. The Union __________________________ was its first ironclad ship.

49. After the “Great Skedaddle”, __________________ rebuilt the Union Army of the Potomacand brought it down to Fort Monroe to wage the Peninsular Campaign from Yorktown toRichmond.

50. The principal battles of the Peninsular Campaign were Yorktown, 7 Pines/Fair Oaks, and the_________________________ ____________ battle.

51. During the Peninsular Campaign, Confederate troops were 1 led by Joseph Johnston andst

then by ____________________________ .

52. After the battle of Yorktown, Union troops built roads and RR bridges asthey went up the Peninsula toward __________________.

53. While McClellan was fighting his way up the Peninsula toward__________________, Stonewall Jackson was fighting/defeating 3 distinctUnion armies in Northern Virginia and in the_______________________________ Valley.

54. Johnston was shot at 7 Pines/Fair Oaks and Robert E. Lee took overcommand of the Army of _______________ Virginia which then fought the 7 days Battles fromOak Grove to ______________________________________.

55. Although the Confederates lost most engagements during the Peninsular Campaign, theywere able to force McClellan’s __________________________ from Harrison’s Landing back toWashington, DC from where they had started their Campaign.

56. In August of 1862, Union forces once again attacked Confederates at_____________________ Junction on the Orange and Alexandria RR.

57. The 2 Battle of Manassas ended in another “Great _____________________” by Unionnd

troops who were driven back to Centreville, VA.

58. In July of 1862, Lincoln read the 1 Draft of hisst

_____________________________________ Proclamation tomembers of his Cabinet.

59. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (1862)only freed slaves in States that were in_________________________ from the Union.

60. By July of 1865, nearly ____________ million slaves in the South were freed by theEmancipation Proclamation.

61. In reacting to Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, Jefferson Davis threatened to turncaptive Union officers over to Confederate states for trial as criminals engaged in exciting“servile __________________________” (i.e., rebellion of slaves in the South).

62. Having failed to capture Manassas as a route to Richmond, Union forces decided to go toRichmond by boat thru the landing at Aquia Creek which connected to Richmond on theFredericksburg and Richmond RR. This meant taking ______________________ and anothermajor battle started there.

63. Union forces took great losses at Fredericksburg before withdrawing across the__________________________________ river to Falmouth where they stayed for the Winter.

Stonewall Jackson

64. In the Spring of 1863, Union troops under Hooker were still on the Rappahannock River anddecided to attack the Confederates at _______________________________.

65. In his General Orders No. 59, Robert E. Lee praised the“________________ conduct” of his troops at Chancellorsvilleunder the command of Jackson, Early, and Stuart. [This was veryunusual since Confederate troops were always considered “heroic”and praise was rarely given.]

66. In January of 1863,_____________________ was allowed toform a Battalion of Virginia Cavalry to conduct lightning strikesdisruptingUnion communications and supply lines in NorthernVirginia. His Rangers eluded capture and harassed the enemy untilthe end of the War

67. In 1863, West Virginia became a separate_________________________. Union sympathizers in Virginia’s Western counties were________________ (for/against) secession; and, they first formed the Reorganized State ofVirginia which then allowed its Western counties to petition the Union for recognition as aseparate State (i.e., West Virginia).

68. People in the North who were against the War were called “________________”. The chiefof these (i.e., Vallandigham) was arrested and convicted of “uttering disloyal sentiments”.

69. As an opening engagement of the Campaign that went to Gettysburg, PA, Jeb Stuart fought alarge cavalry battle with Union forces at ____________________________ near Culpeper, VA.

70. In June/July 1863, Confederate troops invaded the North and fought one of the biggestbattles of the War at ___________________, PA.

71. On July 3 , Longstreet’s Corp, which includedrd

_______________________Division of Virginians, unsuccessfullycharged the center of the Union line with devastating losses.

72. On Nov. 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln gave a famous, shortspeech at Gettysburg with started with the words: “Four score andseven years ago...” This number is __________________ years.Lincoln’s speech ended with the words: “government of thepeople, by the people, and _________ the people, shall notperish from the earth.”

73. U. S. Grant was a graduate of ___________ __________military academy.

74. Grant’s strategy for wining the war included having ___________________________invade Georgia and capture Atlanta which was a major RR terminal in the South.

75. In 1864, Grant put his cavalry commander in chargeof all Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley and hecarried out a “_____________________ earth”campaign there which was designed to ruin the farmingeconomy in the Valley.

76. Grant’s campaign against Lee in central Virginiawas called the “__________________Campaign.” Thethree largest battles of this campaign were at theWilderness, Spotsylvania, and____________________________ ____________.

77. During Grant’s Overland Campaign, both armieslost about _________________their strength.

78. The Overland Campaign ended with Grant’s Siegeof Petersburg which was a 9-month battle in the_______________________ (fields, forests, trenches) just South of Richmond, VA.

79. While Grant and Lee were fighting battles at Petersburg, Lincoln was running for re-electionas the nominee of the _______________________ Party.

80. Lincoln’s principal opponent in the election of 1864 was ______________________ who hehad appointed and fired twice as the head of his Union Army. Lincoln won the election.

81 While Confederate troops were “starving” in the trenches at Petersburg, Union troops werewell supplied by ships from their depot at __________________________ on the James Rivernear Petersburg.

82. After Lee withdrew from the trenches at Petersburg, Confederate officials withdrew fromRichmond and attempted to set up a temporary government at ______________________, VA.

83. Lincoln entered Richmond on April 4 , 1865 as Lee’s troops were moving westward towardth

______________________, VA.

84. On April 9, 1865, Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia was surrounded and cut off fromsupplies at _____________________ Courthouse, VA where he surrendered.

85. After the Confederates surrendered, Union troops shared their coffeeand___________________________________with the rebels who were “entirely without food”.

86. The _______________________ (Union or CSA) had more men who were killed in actionor died of disease during the War. But, the Union had won the War.