America de SUD Prezentare

8/20/2019 America de SUD Prezentare

1/20

UNIVERSITATEA: “OVIDIUS” CONSTANTA

FACULTATEA: STIINTE ALE NATURII SI STIINTE AGRICOLE

SPECIALIZAREA: GEOGRAFIE

PROIECT METEOROLOGIE SI CLIMATOLOGIE

PROFESOR: Conf. univ. d. LUNGU MARIUS LAURENTIU

STUDENTI: FRICATEL VITALIE

CORCIMARI

ILIE!


2/20

TEMA PROIECT

AMERICA DE SUD"PARTICULARITATI CLIMATICE

#


3/20

CUPRINS In$odu%&&

A'(&%$& )&n&*+& ,*$* -*& /&$&oo+o)i%& 'i fondu+ d& d*$&

,*$* %u -*&+& /&$&oo+o)i%&

P&&n$*&* *'(&%$&+o %+i/*$i%&

F*%$oii %+i/*$o)&ni A'(&%$& )&n&*+& C+i/*$u+ in$&$o(i%*+ u/&d C+i/*$u+ in$&$o(i%*+ /u'oni% C+i/*$u+ in$&$o(i%*+ *+$&n*n$

C+i/*$u+ $o(i%*+ '&/i*id 'i *id C+i/*$u+ 'u-$o(i%*+ '&/i*id 'i *id C+i/*$u+ 'u-$o(i%*+ %u v&i u'%*$& C+i/*$u+ /un$i+o in*+$i din on* %*+d*

Con%+uii

0i-+io)*1& 2


4/20

In$odu%&&

Aspecte generale:

A/&i%* d& Sud &'$& un %on$in&n$ $*v&'*$

d& &%u*$o3 %u /*4oi$*$&* 'u(*f&5&i 6n &/i'f&*'udi%7. A/&i%* d& Sud &'$&'i$u*$7 6n$& O%&*nu+P*%i1% 8i O%&*nu+ A$+*n$i%. E'$& +&)*$73)&o+o)i% vo-ind3 d& A/&i%* d& Nod (in I'$/u+P*n*/*3&+*$iv d& (u5in $i/(. Anii Codi+i&i31ind un +*n5 /un$o' *%$iv3'& d&'f78o*7 (&

6n$&*)* +un)i/& * %on$in&n$u+ui3 6n

v&'$9'u(*f&5&+& din &'$u+ Ani+o 'un$ *%o(&i$&d& (7dui $o(i%*+&8i fo/&*7 v*'$u+ -*in*+ u+ui A/*on. In (*$&* %&n$*+7 *%on$in&n$u+ui 'i$u*$ +* &'$ d& Anii Codi+i&i

'& *;7 (*/(*'u+.


5/20

Harta baze meteorologice

=


6/20

Factorii climatogeni Conditiile care determina clima acestui continent

sunt:

- intinderea mare in latitudine (circa 65°), care apermis existenta aproape a tuturor zonelor

climatice.- directia de desasurare si dispunere a marilor liniiorogra!ce care permit o circulatie a maselor de aercu caractere total deosebite, mai ales dinspre nord

spre sud si in"ers#- in$uenta maselor de aer cu caracter si origini

dierite: arctice, continentale, tropicale, "anturile

de "est, nord si nord-"est, a ciclonilor sitaiunurilor#

- masele ac"atice incon%uratoare (&ceanul Paci!c,&ceanul 'tlantic, apele olului exic)#

-curenti calzi si reci, care prin origine si directie dedesasurare imprima mai ales climei tarmurilor>


7/20?

Cu&n$ii %*+i 'i &%i


8/20

Aspecte generale ale climei

'merica de *ud este un continent tra"ersat de

ecuator, cu ma%oritatea suprae+ei n emiserasudic. 'merica de *ud este situat ntre &ceanulPaci!c i &ceanul 'tlantic. /ste legat, geologic"orbind, de 'merica de 0ord prin 1stmul Panama,

relati" de pu+in timp. 'nzii Cordilieri, !ind un lan+muntos acti", se desoar pe ntreaga lungime acontinentului, n "est# suprae+ele din estul 'nzilorsunt acoperite de pduri tropicale i ormeaz"astul bazin al r2ului 'mazon. 1n partea central acontinentului situat la est de 'nzii Cordilieri se a$pampasul. 1n 'merica de *ud sunt prezenteaproape toate zonele climatice speci!ce zoneicalde.

@


9/20


10/20

Climatul intertropical umedC+i/*$u+ &%u*$oi*+ &'$& '(&%i1% A/*oni&i 'i +i$o*+u+ui (*%i1% *+ Co+u/-i&i.

!B

In on* &%u*$oi*+* +i('&'% *no$i/(ui+&.

D& &)u+*3 $&/(&*$uii+& /&dii in +uni+&%&+& /*i &%i nu %o-o** 'u- #@"#BC i* in+uni+& %&+& /*i %*+d& * d&(*'&'% 2!"2#BC.In on* &%u*$oi*+* in'o+*$i* &'$& fo*$&/i%*.P&%i(i$*$ii+& *$/o'f&i%& '& /*i%**%$&i&** (in unifo/i$*$& /*& *$*$in $i/( %*$ 'i in '(*$iu.M*i/&+& $&/i%& 'i (+uvio/&$i%& '&in&)i'$&** +* &%ino%$ii d& (i/*v**#!/*$i& 'i $o*/n*#2 '&($&/-i&.

Mini/&+& $&/i%& 'i (+uvio/&$i%& '&in&)i'$&** in /o/&n$&+& 'o+'$i$i*+& d&v**## iuni& 'i i*n*## d&%&/-i&.P&%i(i$*$ii+& *$/o'f&i%& (&in$* v*+oiidi%*$& $o$ $i/(u+ *nu+ui 1ind in /&di&

%u(in'& in$& !BBB 'i 2BBB//*n.


11/20!!

Climatul intertropical musonic

C+i/*$u+ in$&$o(i%*+ /u'oni% '& *;* in '$*n'*+&)*$u* %u %+i/*$u+ in$&$o(i%*+ 'i '& &)*'&'$& (&$*/ui+& &'$i%& *+& A/&i%ii d& Sud'(*$iu+ -*i+i*n d*'i %&+ *+ Suin*/3 GuH*n* 'i GuH*n* F*n%&*.T&/(&*$uii+& /&dii +un*& *+& *&u+ui 'un$ %&v* /*i

/i%i d&%*$ %&+& %o&'(un*$o*& %+i/*$u+ui &%u*$oi*+3v*+oi+& %&+& /*i f&%v&n$& 1ind %u(in'& in$& #BBC 'i##BC.A/(+i$udini+& $&/i%& 'un$ /*i /*i in +uni+& '&%&$o*'& 'i

/*i /i%i in %&+& (+oio*'& %* u/*& * u/&&+ii dif&i$& **&u+ui.C*n$i$*$ii+& /&dii *nu*+& d& (&%i(i$*$ii *$/o'f&i%& 'un$d& *(oi/*$iv !#BB"!=BB//*n. To$u'i *i%i '& (o$in&)i'$* *-*$&i (oi$iv& 'i n&)*$iv& %*& (o$ d&(*'i2BBB//*n '*u (o$ '%*d&* +* /*i (u$in d& #BB//*n in


12/20!#

Climatul intertropical alternant C**%$&i&** nod"v&'$u+ A/&i%ii d& Sud d*'i *nu/i$& '&%$o*& din %&n$u+ 'i v&'$u+ A/&i%ii

d& Sud0o+ivi*3 P**)u*H.R&)i/u+ *nu*+ *+ $&/(&*$uii /&dii +un*& (un&in &vid&n$* v*+oi %u(in'& in$& !@ 'i #BBC.A/(+i$udin&* $&/i%* *nu*+* *$in)& v*+oi d& ?"

@BC.C*n$i$*$ii+& /&dii *nu*+& d& (&%i(i$*$ii*$/o'f&i%& 'un$ %u(in'& d& &)u+* in$& !BBB 'i!=BB//*n3 1ind /*i '%*u$& d&%*$ in &)iuni+&%u %+i/*$ &%u*$oi*+ 'i /u'oni%.P&i'*4u+ &'$& %&+ d& '*v*n* %u d&o'&-i&* %* in+un)u+ ;uvii+o %* u/*& * u/idi$*$ii /*i *(*&

(*du&* &%u*$oi*+*(*du&*")*+&i&.


13/20!2

P*du&*"G*+&i&


14/20

!<

Climatul tropical semiarid si arid

C* 'i &$&n'iun& )&o)*1%* %+i/* $o(i%*+* *id* &'$&&(*$i*$* in (& %o*'$&+& d& v&'$ *+& '$*$u+ui P&u 'i innodu+ '$*$u+ui Ci+&. C+i/*$u+ $o(i%*+ '&/i*id '&in$*+n&'$& in A/&i%* d& Sud +* nod d& %*(u+ S*o Rou&.M&dii+& (+uvio/&$i%& /u+$i*nu*+& 'un$ in )&n&*+ 'u-#BB//*n (u$*nd %o-o* %i* +* B.=//!B *ni inA$*%*/*.Su- *'(&%$ $&/i% '& &vid&n$i** in (i/u+ *nd*/(+i$udini+& $&/i%& diun& d&'&-i$ d& /*i3 %*& (o$

*4un)& %i* +* =B">BBC.T&/(&*$uii+& /&dii *nu*+& 'un$ in )&n&*+ idi%*$&%u(in'& *( in$& ##BC 'i #=BC. A/(+i$udini+& $&/i%&*nu*+& 'un$ %u(in'& in$& 2BC 'i *(oi/*$iv !=BC.

C* u/*& * u'%*%iunii 'i */(+&+o v*i*$ii $&/i%& diun&3in & iuni+& %u %+i/*$ *id *& +o% o in$&n'* d&* & *& *


15/20

!=

Climatul subtropical semiarid si

arid O%u(* '(*$ii v*'$& in A)&n$in*.

Su/&+& *di*$i&i 'o+*& )+o-*+& &(&in$*

*(oi/*$iv @B"@=J din %&+& %o&'(un*$o*&&)iuni+o %u %+i/*$ *id 'i '&/i*id. Din *%&*'$*%*u* $&/(&*$uii+& /&dii +un*& 'i *nu*+& 'un$/*i &du'& 1ind %u(in'& in !>BC 'i ##BC in

&)iuni+& %u %+i/*$ 'u-$o(i%*+ *id 'i %i* !!BC 'i!@BC in &)iuni+& %u %+i/*$ 'u-$o(i%*+ '&/i*id. P&in$* (&%i(i$*$ii *$/o'f&i%& &+*$iv '%*u$&3in$& @B 'i #BB//*n. In on* '&/i*id* in'*/&di* (+uvio/&$i%* (o*$& d&(*'i 2BB"


16/20

!>

Climatul subtropical cu veri

uscate C**%$&i&** (*$&* %&n$*+* * $*/u+ui

%i+i*n.

Pin%i(*+* %**%$&i'$i%* * *%&'$ui $i( d& %+i/*%on'$* in *+$&n*n$* v&i+o '&nin& u'%*$& 'i /*i*+&' %*+d& %u i&ni+& -+*nd& 'i (+oio*'&.M&dii+& $&/i%& *+& +uni+o d& v** nu d&(*'&'%

d& &)u+* #="#?BC d&'i o%*ion*+ '& (o$ in&)i'$*%i* /*i/& d& (&'$& 2@BC +* nu/&o*'& '$*$ii/&$&oo+o)i%&.In in$&iou+ u'%*$u+ui $&/(&*$uii+& idi%*$& din$i/(u+ v&ii nu 'un$ *+$%&v* d&%*$ &/in'%&n$& *+&


17/20

!?

Climatul muntilor inalti din zonacalda In A/&i%* d& Sud *%&'$ $i( d& %+i/*$ '&in$*+n&'$& (& (+*$oui+& Ani+o.


18/20

!@

Pin%i(*+&+& %**%$&i'$i%i *+& %+i/*$u+ui /un$i+oin*+$i %on'$*u in '%*d&&* $&/(&*$uii o d*$* %u*+$i$udin&*3 %onfo/ unui )*di&n$ $&/i% v&$i%*+

d& *(oi/*$iv B.>BC +* !BB/ *+$i$udin&. In;u&n$* &+i&fu+ui in*+$ &'$& d&$&/in*$* d&in$&*%$iun&* fo/&+o '*+& *$*$ %u *di*$i* 'o+**%*$ 'i %u di&%$ii+& do/in*n$& *+& v*n$u+ui.

P&%i(i$*$ii+& /&dii *nu*+& %&'% o d*%* %uin*+$i/&*3 (& fondu+ '%*d&ii $&/(&*$uii3 *'$f&+%* in '&%$o*&+& %&+& /*i in*+$& +* (&'$& #BBB/3/&dii+& (+uvio/&$i%& *4un) '* d&(*'&*'%* !BBB"!=BB//*n. D*$* %u in*+$i/&*3 in %*du+ *%&'$o '(*$ii/on$*n& '& in$&n'i1%* 'i v*n$u+ (& %&'$&+& %&+&

/*i in*+$& in$&n'i$*$&* /&di& *4un)*nd '*d& *'&*'%* %i* #B"#=/'.


19/20

Concluzii:*upraata 'mericii de *ud cuprinde o

"arietate de tipuri climatice care-i coneraun anumit speci!c. 3aca spre nord seintalneste un climat intertropical cu "ericalduroase si ierni ploioase urmat de un

climat ecuatorial umed, spre sud gradul deariditate este tot mai ridicat. 3reptdo"ada, aici se intalneste cel mai arid

desert al lobului. Coasta "estica estereprezentata de Cordiliera 'ndina, muntiinalti ce imprima climatului caracteristiciproprii.

!


20/20

#B

4ibliogra!e:

!.S$&i& Ciu+*%&3 #BB

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