Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report for Saldanha Bay and ... · to load-shedding events which damaged the air conditioner circuit. ... • Establish 3G communications from ambient

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report for Saldanha Bay and Vredenburg Sites January 2019

Prepared for

Saldanha Bay Municipality

SALDANHA BAY MUNICIPALITY

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report for Saldanha Bay and Vredenburg Sites : January 2019

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report covers data from the Saldanha Bay and Vredenburg Air Quality Monitoring stations for

January 2019. These stations have been commissioned and operated throughout the Saldanha Bay

Municipality Area by Argos Scientific Africa (Pty) Ltd.

There were no exceedances of any of the RSA Air Quality Standards during January 2019 at either of

the abovementioned sites.

The average data collection during January 2019 at the Saldanha Site for SO2, NOx and O3 was 0% due

to load-shedding events which damaged the air conditioner circuit. The station was shut-down on the

10th December 2019 to avoid damage to equipment.

These events resulted in additional damage to the PM-10 analyser (blown IC on Main Board) and SO2

analyser (lamp instability) resulted is no data being available for these two analysers. A full electrical

assessment of the station will be undertaken.

The average data collection during January 2019 at the Vredenburg Site was 98% O3 and NOx analysers

and 90% for SO2 analyser. No PM-10 data is available.

No meteorological data was available for January 2018 as the Saldanha station was shut down as

detailed above.

.

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REPORT DETAILS

Reference AS1138\sbm\201901

Report Title Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report for Saldanha Bay and Vredenburg Sites : January 2019

Date Submitted 19 February 2019

Client René Toesie

Saldanha Bay Municipality

Pick and Pay Centre

VREDENBURG

E-mail: [email protected]

Prepared by Lukas Tshehla

Argos Scientific SA

Unit 16 360 Business Park

8 Section Street

Paarden Eiland

Cape Town, 7405

Tel: +27 21 8343108

Email: [email protected]

Signed

Technical signatory Grant Ravenscroft

Signed:

Status Final

Notice

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 5

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK ....................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 5

2 GUIDELINES AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ........................................................................................... 6

3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................. 6

3.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................................ 6

3.2 DATA CAPTURE ......................................................................................................................................... 6

4 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TRENDS ................................................................................................................... 7

4.2 COMPLIANCE ........................................................................................................................................... 15

4.3 MEAN AND MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS .................................................................................................... 16

4.4 DIURNAL TRENDS..................................................................................................................................... 17

4.5 WIND AND POLLUTION ROSES ................................................................................................................... 19

5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................. 20

APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY TABLE OF HOURLY MEANS (SALDANHA) ... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY TABLE OF HOURLY MEANS (VREDENBURG) ........................................................ 22

APPENDIX 3: MONITORING METHODOLOGIES ................................................................................................ 23

1. CONTINUOUS REAL TIME MONITORS .......................................................................................................... 23

2. QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 26

3. INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION AND FREQUENCY .............................................................................................. 26

4. DATA ACQUISITION REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 26

5. SITE SELECTION ...................................................................................................................................... 27

6. DATA MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................. 28

APPENDIX 4: QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT .......................................................................................... 29

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1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK

This project covers the communications, data processing and reporting for two Air Quality Monitoring

(AQM) Stations in the Saldanha Bay Municipality Area. Argos Scientific’s understanding of the scope of

work is as follows:

• Establish 3G communications from ambient air quality monitoring station loggers (PC with Linux

Operating System) via 2G/3G modem to a centralised server.

• Provide SIM cards for 2G/3G modems.

• Ensure communication support stations and server.

• Provide real-time access to raw data and validated data from SBM offices.

• Provide real-time downloading of raw data and validated data from SBM offices.

• Submission of monthly reports for each monitoring station, including data graphs, exceedance

graphs, meteorology, analysis and station status.

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This report evaluates data collected from the Saldanha Bay and Vredenburg Air Quality Monitoring

Station. The Saldanha Bay station is located at 33° 0’ 3.99” S, 17° 56’ 41.68”E, to the north east of the

town and the Vredenburg station is located at 32° 54’ 30.28”S, 18° 0’ 32.08”E, to the east of the town.

These sites meet all the requirements as outlined in the US EPA’s “Quality Assurance Handbook for Air

Pollution Measurement Systems” and “SANS 1929” report.

Figure 1.2-1 Location of the Air Quality Monitoring Stations at Saldanha Bay & Vredenburg

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2 GUIDELINES AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The National Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) standards for common pollutants as listed in

the Government Gazette No.32816, published 24 January 2009, are listed in Table 2.1 below.

Table 1.2-1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for SO2, NO2, O3, PM-10 and PM2.5

Pollutant SO2 SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 PM-2.5

Period 10 minute 1 hour 1 hour 8 hour 1 day 1 day

RSA AQ Standard 191ppb 48ppb 106ppb 61ppb 75 µg/m3 40 µg/m3

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient concentrations of sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2 and NOX), ozone, and

particulates less than 10 µm in diameter (PM-10) are measured at the Saldanha Bay monitoring site

and Vredenburg monitoring site in accordance with the latest National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(as above) and SANS standard methods. Levels of these pollutants are presented graphically and in

table form in section 4 below.

3.2 DATA CAPTURE

Data is analysed for completeness against a required standard of 90% and presented in table form

below.

Table 3.2-1 Percentage Data Capture for Ambient Air Quality Pollutants in January 2019 at Saldanha Site

Pollutant SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 PM-2.5

% Capture 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

* Power Fault caused by loadshedding ** Equipment damaged by loadshedding

Table 3.2-2 Percentage Data Capture for Ambient Air Quality Pollutants in January 2019 at Vredenburg Site

Pollutant SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 PM-2.5

% Capture 90% >98% >98% 0%* 0%*

* Equipment out of commission

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4 RESULTS

4.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TRENDS

A graphical summary of pollutants for January 2019 is provided in Figure 4.1.1– Figure 4.1.14 below. A

tabulated summary of results is attached as Appendix 1.

Figure 4.1-1 Daily Mean Hourly SO2 Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January 2019 (Analyser unstable)

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Figure 4.1-2 Daily Maximum 10-minute SO2 Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January 2019 (Analyser Unstable)

Figure 4.1-3 Daily Maximum NO2 Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January 2019

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Figure 4.1-4 Daily Mean Hourly NOX Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January 2019

Figure 4.1-5 Daily Maximum Eight-hourly O3 Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January2019

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Figure 4.1-6 Daily Mean PM-10 Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January 2019 (Analyser Faulty)

Figure 4.1-7 Daily Mean PM-2.5 Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January 2019 (Analyser Faulty)

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Figure 4.1-8 Daily Mean Hourly SO2 Concentrations at Vredenburg in January 2019 (no data – loadshedding)

Figure 4.1-9 Daily Maximum 10-minute SO2 Concentrations at Vredenburg in January2019 (No data

Loadshedding)

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Figure 4.1-10 Daily Maximum NO2 Concentrations at Vredenburg in January 2019

Figure 4.1-11 Daily Mean Hourly NOX Concentrations at Vredenburg in January 2019

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Figure 4.1-12 Daily Maximum Eight-hourly O3 Concentrations at Vredenburg in January 2017 (No data available)

Figure 4.1-13 Daily Mean PM-10 Concentrations at Vredenburg in January 2017 (No Analyser Available)

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Figure 4.1-14 Daily Mean PM-2.5 Concentrations at Saldanha Bay in January 2019 (No Analyser Available)

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4.2 COMPLIANCE

Table 4.2-1 Compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards at Saldanha Site

Pollutant SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 PM-25

Period 10

minute 10

minute 10

minute 10

minute 10

minute

Standard 191ppb - - - -

Exceedances 0 - - - -

Period 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour

Standard 350µg/m3 106ppb - - -

Exceedances 0 0 - - -

Period 1 day 1 day 8 hours 1 day 1 day

Standard 125µg/m3 - 61ppb 75µg/m3 40µg/m3

Exceedances 0 - 0 0 0

Table 4.2-2 Compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards at Vredenburg Site (No pollutants measured)

Pollutant SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 PM-25

Period 10

minute 10

minute 10

minute 10

minute 10

minute

Standard 191ppb - - - -

Exceedances 0 - - - -

Period 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour

Standard 350µg/m3 106ppb - - -

Exceedances 0 0 - - -

Period 1 day 1 day 8 hours 1 day 1 day

Standard 125µg/m3 - 61ppb 75µg/m3 40µg/m3

Exceedances 0 - 0 0 0

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4.3 MEAN AND MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS

Table 4.3-1 Mean and Maximum Pollutant Concentrations during January 2019 at Saldanha Site

Pollutant Period SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 PM-2.5

Unit: Ppb µg/m3

Mean Month -* -* -* -* -*

Max. 1 hr -* -* -* -* -*

Max 24 hr -* -* -* -* -*

-* Insufficient data for statistics

Table 4.3-2 Mean and Maximum Pollutant Concentrations during January 2019 at Vredenburg Site

Pollutant Period SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 PM-2.5

Unit: Ppb µg/m3

Mean Month 1 2 19 -* -*

Max. 1 hr 9 12 54 -* -*

Max 24 hr 3 5 27 -* -*

Note : * Insufficient data for statistics

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4.4 DIURNAL TRENDS

Diurnal trends of the ambient pollutants are only shown for those pollutants where overall data capture

was above 50%, which is considered representative enough for providing an indication of diurnal trends.

Figure 4.4-1 Diurnal Trend for Ambient Air Pollutants at Saldanha Bay in January 2019

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Figure 4.4-2 Diurnal Trend for Ambient Air Pollutants at Vredenburg in January 2019

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4.5 WIND AND POLLUTION ROSES

The wind rose for Saldanha Bay for January 2019 is shown below.

There was no wind rose for Saldanha for January 2019

Figure 4.5-1 Wind Rose for Saldanha Bay for January 2019

There was no wind rose for Vredenburg for January 2019

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5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

There were no exceedances of any of the RSA Air Quality Standards during January 2019 at either of

the abovementioned sites.

The average data collection during January 2019 at the Saldanha Site for SO2, NOx and O3 was 0% due

to load-shedding events which damaged the air conditioner circuit and the station was shut-down on the

10th December 2019 to avoid damage to equipment.

These events resulted in additional damage to the PM-10 analyser (blown IC on Main Board) and SO2

analyser (lamp instability) resulted is no data being available for these two analysers. A full electrical

assessment of the station will be undertaken.

The average data collection during January 2019 at the Vredenburg Site was 98% O3 and NOx analysers

and 90% for SO2 analyser. No PM-10 data is available.

No meteorological data was available for January 2018 as the Saldanha station was shut down as

detailed above.

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APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY TABLE OF HOURLY MEANS (SALDANHA)

21 of 51

Page 1AS1138 APPENDIX 1: SALDANHA BAY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - JANUARY 2019

SULPHUR DIOXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb

Start Hr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Mean MaxDay

1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

POLLUTANT:

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AS1138 APPENDIX 1: SALDANHA BAY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - JANUARY 2019

SULPHUR DIOXIDE MAX 10-MIN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

POLLUTANT:

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NITROGEN OXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

POLLUTANT:

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A1138 APPENDIX 1: SALDANHA BAY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - JANUARY 2019

NITROGEN DIOXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

POLLUTANT:

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OXIDES OF NITROGEN HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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RELATIVE HUMIDITY HOURLY MEAN -%


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

POLLUTANT:

34 of 51


SOLAR RADIATION HOURLY MEAN - W.m-2


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

POLLUTANT:

35 of 51



APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY TABLE OF HOURLY MEANS (VREDENBURG)

36 of 51

AS1138 APPENDIX 1: VREDENBURG AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA - JANUARY 2019

SULPHUR DIOXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 13 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 16 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 37 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 18 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 29 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2

10 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 112 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 113 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 114 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 115 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 216 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 317 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 118 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 119 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 320 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 321 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 522 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 223 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 224 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 225 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 226 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 5 9 2 3 4 3 927 3 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 528 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 229 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 130 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 231 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

Mean 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Max 5 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 9 3 3 4 3 9

POLLUTANT:

37 of 51


SULPHUR DIOXIDE MAX 10-MIN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 23 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 25 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 16 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 47 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 28 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2

10 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 111 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 112 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 113 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 114 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 215 1 2 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 316 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 417 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 118 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 219 2 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 520 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 421 11 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1122 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 223 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 324 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 225 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 226 1 2 2 2 2 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 10 14 3 5 6 4 1427 3 3 2 3 2 4 6 6 3 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 628 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 329 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 130 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 231 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

Mean 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Max 11 3 2 3 2 5 6 6 4 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 4 4 10 14 3 5 6 4 14

POLLUTANT:

38 of 51


NITROGEN OXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 34 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 16 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 38 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3

10 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 411 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 312 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 313 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 114 0 0 1 0 1 1 6 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 615 1 0 0 1 0 1 4 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 616 0 0 1 0 1 2 10 9 3 4 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1017 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 318 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 119 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 220 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 221 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 222 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 223 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 724 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 225 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 326 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 5 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 527 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 228 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 7 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 729 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 531 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 4

Mean 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

Max 1 1 1 1 1 2 10 9 6 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 10

POLLUTANT:

39 of 51


NITROGEN DIOXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 2 63 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 54 4 3 2 5 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 55 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 36 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 47 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 48 1 2 1 2 1 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 49 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 4

10 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 411 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 212 3 2 6 4 4 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 613 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 1 414 5 1 3 4 4 8 11 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 3 3 1115 3 2 1 5 2 5 7 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 716 3 3 4 4 5 8 11 8 4 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 4 1117 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 318 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 4 1 419 6 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 620 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 6 4 5 4 3 621 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 522 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 6 2 623 5 3 1 1 4 5 7 11 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1124 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 325 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 326 3 7 6 6 8 9 9 10 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 6 7 6 7 10 5 1027 9 9 5 6 6 10 8 5 5 6 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 7 6 4 5 1028 3 3 3 3 3 5 7 9 6 6 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 5 4 3 3 4 929 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 230 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 12 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 1231 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 5 8 9 3 9

Mean 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2

Max 9 9 6 6 8 10 11 12 7 6 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 6 7 7 8 10 5 12

POLLUTANT:

40 of 51


OXIDES OF NITROGEN HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 32 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 3 63 3 3 3 4 4 5 7 7 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 74 4 3 2 5 4 3 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 55 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 2 36 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 47 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 6 5 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 68 1 2 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 59 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 6 6 4 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 6

10 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 7 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 711 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 412 3 3 6 5 4 3 7 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 713 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 2 414 5 1 4 5 5 9 18 10 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 5 6 3 4 1815 4 2 1 5 2 5 12 12 5 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 4 3 2 4 1216 3 3 4 4 5 10 21 16 6 7 6 3 2 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 3 4 3 5 2117 3 2 2 2 1 1 3 4 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 418 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 5 2 519 7 3 3 4 2 4 5 5 4 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 720 1 2 2 2 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 6 4 5 4 3 621 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 7 5 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 722 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 4 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 6 6 2 623 5 3 1 1 4 6 10 19 13 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 4 1924 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 5 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 525 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 6 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 626 3 7 6 6 8 10 11 15 7 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 6 7 6 7 10 6 1527 9 9 6 7 6 12 10 6 7 7 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 4 5 7 6 4 6 1228 3 3 3 3 3 5 9 15 11 10 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 5 1529 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 530 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 16 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 4 3 3 1631 4 4 3 2 2 4 5 9 6 7 7 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 5 10 9 5 10

Mean 3 2 2 3 3 4 6 7 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

Max 9 9 6 7 8 12 21 19 13 10 7 5 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 6 7 7 10 10 6 21

POLLUTANT:

41 of 51


OZONE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 12 14 16 15 16 16 16 18 19 19 21 22 21 20 17 16 16 15 15 14 13 15 16 16 17 222 16 18 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 20 23 27 29 29 29 27 27 27 26 24 21 17 15 12 22 293 14 15 14 13 13 12 12 14 17 23 26 28 28 29 29 29 31 33 32 28 29 28 22 20 22 334 18 19 19 14 15 15 16 19 21 22 23 26 27 26 26 23 21 19 20 17 16 15 13 12 19 275 12 12 13 14 15 15 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 22 23 21 23 23 20 17 16 16 15 18 236 14 14 15 15 14 14 14 16 21 32 38 32 26 28 25 23 20 18 18 16 15 14 13 14 20 387 14 13 12 14 13 12 12 12 16 18 20 22 22 22 20 18 17 18 18 16 17 18 17 17 17 228 17 16 17 17 17 14 15 15 17 18 18 17 16 18 19 17 16 17 17 14 14 14 14 13 16 199 14 14 14 15 16 16 15 14 16 20 24 29 26 21 20 20 19 18 16 16 17 15 16 15 18 29

10 16 16 14 12 11 12 10 14 18 19 19 20 19 19 19 9 11 13 14 15 14 14 13 12 15 2011 12 13 13 11 11 13 13 15 17 18 19 19 20 18 18 17 16 16 15 15 15 14 15 15 15 2012 14 13 10 10 9 12 12 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 18 18 18 17 16 15 13 12 13 13 15 1913 13 12 12 11 12 11 11 12 14 17 19 19 20 22 21 20 19 19 19 17 16 15 13 13 16 2214 11 17 15 14 16 12 9 14 18 20 21 21 20 22 22 22 21 19 18 18 16 12 10 12 17 2215 11 12 14 10 13 10 7 11 16 17 18 17 17 17 18 20 17 18 19 17 15 13 14 13 15 2016 12 12 10 10 9 6 5 11 16 18 23 28 28 29 29 28 28 27 26 25 23 23 16 15 19 2917 14 15 14 13 17 19 20 21 23 24 25 24 24 24 27 31 31 29 26 21 19 17 17 16 21 3118 15 15 15 13 13 12 13 14 16 17 17 17 17 15 15 15 16 16 16 15 13 13 14 10 15 1719 9 13 12 11 13 11 11 14 16 18 19 20 21 21 22 21 20 20 19 18 16 17 16 15 16 2220 16 15 14 14 12 12 13 16 17 19 23 24 24 26 27 26 24 26 24 25 24 30 26 24 21 3021 23 25 19 16 17 18 17 16 18 21 23 25 23 20 22 23 22 17 20 19 17 17 16 15 20 2522 13 15 14 14 13 12 12 12 14 17 18 19 19 19 20 22 18 19 20 18 16 15 10 10 16 2223 10 12 14 14 10 9 8 8 13 15 18 20 18 17 18 18 21 19 20 19 17 17 17 16 15 2124 15 14 15 15 16 14 13 14 16 18 20 22 22 21 20 19 18 18 16 15 14 15 15 15 17 2225 15 14 14 13 14 14 13 14 16 18 20 21 22 21 21 20 18 19 17 15 13 13 12 13 16 2226 13 9 11 11 11 10 8 14 22 31 34 35 31 32 41 54 51 49 48 35 27 25 24 21 27 5427 18 13 13 11 11 7 9 15 22 34 42 46 45 42 43 41 37 40 36 28 22 17 17 18 26 4628 18 17 17 18 18 16 14 14 18 22 31 30 30 31 32 30 29 33 34 33 32 22 24 24 24 3429 28 26 23 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 29 28 27 27 25 23 22 21 23 24 24 27 25 3030 28 28 28 26 22 22 16 12 24 27 28 31 33 31 32 29 23 20 16 15 13 13 11 11 22 3331 10 10 11 11 12 10 10 10 13 14 20 28 28 27 24 22 21 21 20 18 16 14 11 9 16 28

Mean 15 15 15 14 14 13 13 15 18 21 23 24 24 24 24 23 22 22 21 19 18 17 16 15 19

Max 28 28 28 26 22 23 24 25 27 34 42 46 45 42 43 54 51 49 48 35 32 30 26 27 27 54

POLLUTANT:

42 of 51


OZONE EIGHT-HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ppb


1 15 16 17 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 17 16 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 17 192 18 19 19 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 27 28 27 26 24 23 21 19 18 16 15 14 13 13 21 283 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 29 30 30 30 30 29 28 26 24 23 21 19 18 17 23 304 17 17 18 18 20 21 22 24 24 24 24 23 22 21 20 18 17 15 15 14 13 13 13 13 19 245 14 15 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 22 21 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 15 15 14 18 226 15 15 18 20 22 24 26 28 28 28 27 24 22 20 19 17 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 13 19 287 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 16 17 208 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 17 17 17 17 16 16 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 189 15 15 16 17 19 20 20 21 22 22 22 21 19 18 18 17 16 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 18 22

10 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 18 17 16 16 15 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 14 1811 13 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 18 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 15 15 14 13 13 12 12 15 1812 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 16 15 15 14 13 13 12 12 12 12 15 1813 12 12 13 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 19 18 17 16 15 15 15 14 14 14 13 16 2014 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 20 21 21 21 21 20 20 18 17 16 14 14 13 12 12 11 11 16 2115 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 16 15 14 13 12 12 11 10 15 1816 9 10 10 12 14 17 20 22 24 27 28 28 28 27 26 24 23 21 20 18 17 16 15 16 20 2817 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 27 27 27 26 26 24 22 20 18 17 16 15 14 14 21 2718 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 14 13 13 12 12 12 12 11 14 1619 12 13 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 20 21 20 20 20 19 18 18 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 17 2120 14 14 14 16 17 18 20 22 23 24 25 25 26 25 26 26 26 26 26 24 23 22 21 20 22 2621 19 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 22 22 22 22 21 20 20 19 18 17 16 16 15 14 14 13 19 2222 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 19 19 19 17 16 15 14 13 13 12 11 11 16 2023 11 11 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 17 16 16 16 15 15 16 1924 15 15 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 20 20 19 19 18 17 16 16 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 17 2025 14 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 12 12 11 11 16 2026 11 12 15 17 20 23 26 30 35 38 41 42 42 42 41 39 35 31 27 22 19 17 15 13 27 4227 12 13 15 19 23 28 32 36 39 41 42 41 39 36 33 30 27 24 22 19 18 18 17 17 27 4228 16 16 17 19 20 21 23 26 28 29 31 31 31 32 31 30 29 29 28 27 25 24 24 24 25 3229 24 24 24 25 26 27 28 28 28 28 27 27 25 24 24 23 24 24 25 26 26 26 26 24 26 2830 22 22 22 22 23 24 26 27 30 29 29 27 25 22 20 17 15 14 12 12 11 11 11 11 20 3031 11 11 11 12 15 17 19 20 22 23 24 24 22 21 19 18 16 - - - - - - - - -

Mean 14 15 15 16 18 19 20 21 23 23 23 23 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 16 15 15 14 19

Max 24 24 24 25 26 28 32 36 39 41 42 42 42 42 41 39 35 31 28 27 26 26 26 24 27 42

POLLUTANT:

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1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Max - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

POLLUTANT:

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APPENDIX 3: MONITORING METHODOLOGIES

1. CONTINUOUS REAL TIME MONITORS

Continuous real-time monitors are used to measure real-time concentrations of gases. These are usually

one part of an AQMS and often are remote in location and need to be connected in a network as per

Figure A below. Such a system would have the following as a minimum requirement:

• Environmental enclosure

• Inlet manifold

• Analysers

• Calibration

• Meteorological instrumentation

• Data acquisition

• Data reporting

• Communication

• Housekeeping (log book, shelter check sheet, instruments data sheets)

In particular the monitoring station would have the following basic components:

• Monitoring station design

– Housing

– Air inlet system

– Monitoring instrumentation

– Calibration of monitors

– Logging devices

Figure A. A Typical Air Quality Monitoring System Design

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• Monitoring Methods

This section gives an overview of the methods employed in the continuous monitoring of ambient

compounds.

1.1 CO/CO2

CO and CO2 are monitored continuously by non-dispersive infrared photometry.

The non-dispersive infrared photometry process is based upon the absorption of infrared light by

CO or CO2.

1.2 NOX

Oxides of nitrogen are measured continuously by the principle of chemiluninescence.

The air sample is split into two pathways; one to measure NO and the other to measure total NOX.

The intensity of light is measured with a photomultiplier to obtain the concentration of NO. To obtain

NO2 the sample gas is passed through a milly converter.

Measurement is the sum of NO2 and NO, expressed as NOX.

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1.3 SO2/H2S

SO2 and H2S are monitored continuously by pulsed fluorescence.

In this method, air is drawn through a chamber where it is irradiated with pulses of ultra-violet (UV)

light. Any SO2 in the sample is excited to a higher energy level and upon returning to its original

state, light or fluorescence is released. The amount of fluorescence measured is proportional to the

SO2 concentration.

1.4 O3

O3 is monitored continuously using ultra-violet (UV) light absorption.

The sampled air is exposed to UV light which is absorbed by the O3. The amount of UV light

absorbed is proportional to the amount of O3 in the sample; that is, the more UV light is absorbed,

the greater the amount of O3 in the sample.

1.5 PM-10 and PM-2.5

Particulate matter is monitored continuously and intermittently. The Tapered Element Oscillating

Microbalance (TEOM) is the most widely used and continuous PM-10 (or PM-2.5) monitor.

The TEOM draws an air sample through an inlet system that aerodynamically separates particles

of a specified diameter. The air sample then passes through a filter that is attached to a tapered

element in the mass transducer. This tapered element vibrates at its natural frequency. As particles

are deposited onto the filter, the oscillating frequency changes in proportion to the amount of mass

deposited.

1.6 Meteorological Parameters

Meteorological parameters such as wind direction, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, solar

radiation and atmospheric pressure are monitored in order to assist in identifying the sources of

elevated concentration events or episodes.

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2. QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

Quality control of the monitored data is important to verify that the data reported is accurate and of a low

uncertainty. Each monitoring station or passive monitoring site should be treated as if it were a

laboratory. A laboratory is defined as “A place equipped for testing and analysis” or “A place providing

the opportunity for observation in a field of study”.

It must be noted that it has been stated by DEA that only air quality data that is accredited will be

accepted by DEA. The definition for accreditation is “the procedure by which an authoritative body gives

formal recognition that a body is competent to carry out specific tasks”. In order to be accredited a

sampling method must have:

• A recognised methodology that competence can be measured against

• A quality system

• Have been audited by a certification body

A relevant quality system for air quality measurements according to SANAS is ISO 17025. This system

provides guidance to laboratories on essential elements for both:

• Quality management

• Technical requirements for the proper operation of a testing laboratory

3. INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION AND FREQUENCY

This section covers the calibration of continuous air quality monitors. The basic requirements based on

the US EPA Red Book are:

• Each analyser must have a dynamic calibration every three months

• This type of calibration must also be carried out on installation, after any repair, if tolerances of

zero/ span are not met and if the analyser is relocated

• Zero and span calibration every two weeks

• Zero check every other week

4. DATA ACQUISITION REQUIREMENTS

This section also refers to an AQMS based on continuous monitoring from a monitoring station and to

the data logging system:

The data logger must:

• Be verified annually

• Output from the analysers must be recorded

• Generate hourly mean concentrations

• Be able to scan at 30 second intervals with a minimum scan period of 1 hour and store this data

• Collect at least 40 minutes of uninterrupted data per hour for a valid average

• Use calculations verified by a statistician

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5. SITE SELECTION

The following quote is noteworthy when considering the location of sites: “Irrespective of how well a

monitoring station is run, if it is not sited correctly data collected will have little value”

As was mentioned earlier sites are selected for one of the following reasons:

• To judge compliance with air quality standards

• To activate emergency control procedures for episodes

• To observe pollution trends throughout a region

• To provide a database for research.

When selecting monitoring sites the following must be considered:

• Economic: Resources must be available for the expensive instrumentation, data retrieval and

evaluation, maintenance and quality assurance and reporting of data

• Security: Problems can arise in this regard that make a site unsuitable when standard measures

are taken into account

• Logistics: Planning, staffing, procurement procedures, training, communications, safety, task

scheduling

• Atmospheric conditions:

o Variability of air pollutants and their transport (effects of buildings, terrain and heat sources)

o Dispersion factors – wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability

• Topography: Transport and diffusion of air pollutants are complicated by topographical features

such as valleys or hills

• Pollutant consideration: A sampling site for one pollutant January or January not be suitable for

other pollutants

o For example, monitoring ozone close to primary NO emissions would not provide accurate

pollutant information

• The final placement once a monitoring site has been selected depends on the presence of physical

obstructions, accessibility and availability of utilities.

• Obstructions such as trees and buildings significantly affect the air flow over the monitoring station

and the placement should expose the station to the general air flow of the area to prevent sampling

bias.

• Major roads can produce bias and sites should be 15-60m away unless there are specific

requirements for roadway monitoring. Typically sites would be between 3m and 15m away in this

case.

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6. DATA MANAGEMENT

All monitoring stations produce data that January be used for various reasons as outlined above. The

following should be noted when dealing with this monitoring data and systems should be designed to

accommodate the following:

• A copy of the raw data must always be available

• A record must be kept of any adjustments made

• All multiplication factors/ algorithms/ manipulations on the data must be recorded and reported

• Data must be kept for a minimum of 3 years

• When data is reported the temperature and pressure at which the analyser was last calibrated

must be indicated on the test report

The following points must be considered when preparing a monitoring plan:

• Local authority responsible for monitoring

• Check to see if Province has information about your area

• Check to see whether DEA has information about your area (SAAQIS)

• Do screening study to see which pollutants if any are of concern

• SANS 1929 lets you make management decisions on whether costly continuous monitoring is

needed

• If so focus on quality control, reporting 80% or more of available data

• Use data to manage improvements in air quality

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APPENDIX 4: QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT

Quarterly calibrations (Q4) were conducted on all analysers on the 28th November 2019 and the next

quarterly calibrations (Q1) are due in February 2019. Quality Assurance checks are conducted bi-

weekly. SANAS Calibrations were conducted in July (analysers) and November (Met Equipment)

IZS checks were not possible at the Saldanha Station during January due to load-shedding and the

Vredenburg IZS was conducted on the 10th January and on the 01st February 2019 was switched due

to a broken Air Conditioner.

Inlets systems were cleaned at both station and inlet flow met requirements. All QA/QC checks and

calibrations met the span deviation requirement of <±15% where these were possible.

The Dynamic Calibration all gave a linear response and analysers were within EPA requirements.

Dynamic Calibrations for Saldanha November 2019

Source Expected

Conc.

Recorded

28/11/2019

Adjusted

28/11/2019

Error

As Found

Comment Requirement

Nitrogen

Monoxide

402ppb *ppb * ppb *% Adjusted ±15%

Sulphur Dioxide 402ppb * ppb *ppb *% Adjusted ±15%

Ozone 400ppb *ppb *ppb *% Adjusted ±15%

*Monitoring station shutdown due to electrical faults and faulty Air Conditioner.

Quality Assurance Checks for Vredenburg January 2019

Source Expected

Conc.

Recorded

10/01/2019

Recorded

01/02/2019

Error

10/01/2019

Error

01/02/2019

Requirement

Nitrogen Dioxide 656 ppb 611 ppb * ppb -6.85% *% ±15%

Sulphur Dioxide 312 ppb 315.5 ppb * ppb 1.12% *% ±15%

Ozone 392 ppb 381.4ppb *ppb -2.70% *% ±15%

Dynamic Calibrations for Vredenburg November 2019

Source Expected

Conc.

Recorded

28/11/2019

Adjusted

28/11/2019

Error

As Found

Comment Requirement

Nitrogen

Monoxide

402ppb 390ppb 402 ppb -3.0% Adjusted ±15%

Sulphur Dioxide 402ppb 402ppb 402ppb 0.0% - ±15%

Ozone 400ppb 403ppb 400ppb Adjusted ±15%

The SO2, NO2 and O3 concentrations reported are determined by a United States Environmental

Protection Agency (US EPA) equivalent method (EQSA-0495-100, RFNA-1194-099 and EQOA-0992-

087 respectively).

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Documents

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report for Saldanha Bay and ... · to load-shedding events which damaged the air conditioner circuit. ... • Establish 3G communications from ambient