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Ambient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeAmbient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeNational Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006
Dr. hab. Michal KrzyzanowskiRegional Adviser, Air Quality and Health
WHO Regional Office for Europe
Ambient air pollution in Europe:Ambient air pollution in Europe:how it harms healthhow it harms health
Zanieczyszczenie powietrzaZanieczyszczenie powietrza::
jak szkodzi ono zdrowiu?jak szkodzi ono zdrowiu? Założony w 1918
«Systematic Review of health aspects of air quality in Europe», 2002/4
WHO programme supporting development of EC Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) strategy
WHO assessment of health risk of long-range transboundary air pollution
http://www.euro.who.int/air
WHO collaborates with UN Convention on Long RangeTransboundary Air Pollution
Anthropogenic contribution to PM2.5EMEP Eulerian model MSC-W & IIASA
2000 2020
Source: MSC-W & CIAM
Grid-average concentrations, annual mean [µg/m3]from known anthropogenic sources excluding sec. org. aerosols Average of calculations for 1997, 1999, 2000 & 2003 meteorologies
Trends in PM10 concentration: EU, 1997-2002
A n n u a l a v e r a g e P M 1 0 c o n c e n t r a t i o n f o r s t a t i o n s w i t h 6 y e a r d a t a
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3
Concent
ration (µ
g/m3)
r u r a l ( 2 8 )
u r b a n ( 7 3 )
s t r e e t ( 3 4 )
3 6 t h h i g h e s t P M 1 0 c o n c e n t r a t i o n f o r s t a t i o n s w i t h 6 y e a r d a t a
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3
Source: AIRBASE
Sector contributors to PM2.5 in EU15, 2000
Source: EMEP 2005
Sector contributors to PM10 in Poland, 2000-2003
Source: IOS 2005
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
2000 2001 2002 2003
lata
tony
procesy spalania w sektorzeprodukcji i transformacji energii
procesy spalania w sektorzekomunalnym i mieszkaniow ym
procesy spalania w przemyśle
procesy produkcyjne
transport drogow y
inne pojazdy i urządzenia
zagospodarow anie odpadów
rolnictw o
inne źróła emisji
Risk for all-cause mortality and air pollution - WHO meta-analysis of short term studies
Source: WHO 2004
RR for mortality endpoints related to a 10 µg/m3 increase in pollution including 95 % confidence intervals; left part: PM10, black smoke (BS) and ozone from European
studies; right part: PM2.5 from North American studies
all
cause
resp
irato
ry
card
iova
scula
r
all
cause
resp
irato
ry
card
iova
scula
r
all
cause
resp
irato
ry
card
iova
scula
r
all
cause
resp
irato
ry
card
iova
scula
r
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
1.015
1.02
1.025
1.03
PM10 BS Ozone PM2.5
Eureopean studies Amercian studies
Long term exposure to PM and risk of mortalityin ACS cohort (ca. 0.5 million people followed for 16 years)
Source: Pope et al, JAMA 2002
Long term exposure to PM and risk of CVD Long term exposure to PM and risk of CVD mortalitymortality
(ACS cohort, ca. 0.5 million people followed for 16 years)(ACS cohort, ca. 0.5 million people followed for 16 years)
Source: Pope et al, JAMA 2002
Cause of deathRR per 10
g/m3 PM2.595% c.i.
Total 1.06 1.02 – 1.11
Cardiopulmonary 1.09 1.03 – 1.16
Lung cancer 1.14 1.04 – 1.23
All other 1.01 0.96 – 1.06
Modelled PM2.5 concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin (Jerrett, Epidemiology Nov. 2005)
Risk of mortality due to long term PM2.5 exposure (Jerett, Epidemiology 2005)
Adjusted RR ~ 1.11 - 1.17 over 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 contrast for all cause mortality (two -three times as large as the inter-urban effect published by Pope in 2002)
Lung cancer and heart disease RR range from 1.25 -1.60
Rate Ratios for total mortality and PM2.5 in extended Harvard 6-cities Study (Laden et al, 2006)
Period 1: 1974-89; Period 2: 1990-98
Long term air pollution exposure and acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in an animal
model (Sun et al, JAMA Dec 2005)
Loss of life expectancydue to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources
Source:EMEP & IIASA
2000 2020
Loss of Life expectancy in months
Loss of life expectancydue to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources
Source:EMEP & IIASA
Loss of Life expectancy in months
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Au
stri
a
Be
lgiu
m
Cze
ch R
ep
.
De
nm
ark
Est
on
ia
Fin
lan
d
Fra
nce
Ge
rma
ny
Gre
ece
Hu
ng
ary
Ire
lan
d
Ita
ly
La
tvia
Lith
ua
nia
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Ma
lta
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
ga
l
Slo
vaki
a
Slo
ven
ia
Sp
ain
Sw
ed
en
UK
To
tal E
U-1
5
To
tal N
MS
To
tal E
U-2
5
2000 CLE 2020 MFR 2020
Poland
Estimates of health impacts of anthropogenic PM in EU
Sour
ce:C
AF
E 2
005
Health end-point Units (per year) EU25 PolandMortality – life expectancy reduction
Months 8.6 10.7
Mortality – long term exposure Life years lost x1,000 3618 356
Mortality – long term exposure Number of premature deaths x1,000
348 33
Infant mortality Cases x1,000 0.6 0.09
Chronic bronchitis Cases x 1000 163 15
Respiratory hospital admissions
cases x 1000 62 6
Cardiac hospital admissions Cases x 1000 38 4
Restricted activity days Days x 1000 347687 34945
Respiratory medication use (children)
Days x 1000 4218 328
Respiratory medication use (adults)
Days x 1000 27742 2568
Lower respir. symptoms (children)
Days x 1000 192756 22577
WHO AQG: Global update 2005: WHO AQG: Global update 2005: Summary of updated AQG valuesSummary of updated AQG values
Pollutant Averaging time AQG value
Particulate matter PM2.5
PM10
1 year24 hour (99th percentile)
1 year24 hour (99th percentile)
10 µg/m3 25 µg/m3
20 µg/m3
50 µg/m3
Ozone, O3 8 hour, daily maximum 100 µg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 1 year1 hour
40 µg/m3 200 µg/m3
Sulfur dioxide, SO2 24 hour10 minute
20 µg/m3 500 µg/m3
AQG levels recommended to be achieved everywhere in order to significantly reduce the adverse health effects of pollution
http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87950.pdf
Ambient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeAmbient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeNational Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006
http://www.euro.who.int/air
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