Ama The Pearl Diving Mermaids of JapanAma The Pearl Diving Mermaids of JapanAma The Pearl Diving Mermaids of JapanAma The Pearl Diving Mermaids of Japan(Warning: Nudity)(Warning: Nudity)(Warning: Nudity)(Warning: Nudity)

By By Michael GakuranMichael Gakuran || 5th Nov, 20135th Nov, 20135th Nov, 20135th Nov, 2013 || JapanJapan || 33 Comments33 Comments ||

One of the lesser-known but fascinating parts of Japanese culture is that of theOne of the lesser-known but fascinating parts of Japanese culture is that of theAma pearl divers. Ama (Ama pearl divers. Ama ( in Japanese), literally means woman of the sea in Japanese), literally means woman of the seaand is recorded as early as 750 in the oldest Japanese anthology of poetry, theand is recorded as early as 750 in the oldest Japanese anthology of poetry, theManyoshuManyoshu. These women specialised in freediving some 30 feet down into cold. These women specialised in freediving some 30 feet down into coldwater wearing nothing more than a loincloth. Utilising special techniques towater wearing nothing more than a loincloth. Utilising special techniques tohold their breath for up to 2 minutes at a time, they would work for up to 4hold their breath for up to 2 minutes at a time, they would work for up to 4hours a day in order to gather abalone, seaweed and other shellsh.hours a day in order to gather abalone, seaweed and other shellsh.

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((Fosco MarainiFosco Maraini))

The most protable pursuit however was diving for pearls. Traditionally forThe most protable pursuit however was diving for pearls. Traditionally forAma, nding a pearl inside an oyster was akin to receiving a large bonus whileAma, nding a pearl inside an oyster was akin to receiving a large bonus whilethey went about their ancestral practice of collecting shellsh. That changedthey went about their ancestral practice of collecting shellsh. That changedwhen Kokichi Mikomoto, founder of when Kokichi Mikomoto, founder of Mikimoto PearlMikimoto Pearl, began his enterprise., began his enterprise.

((Fosco MarainiFosco Maraini))

Mikimoto used Ama divers to look after his cultivated pearls on Mikimoto PearlMikimoto used Ama divers to look after his cultivated pearls on Mikimoto PearlIsland, near Toba city. This business was the main reason for the strongIsland, near Toba city. This business was the main reason for the strongassociation between Ama and pearl diving among foreign observers thatassociation between Ama and pearl diving among foreign observers thatcontinues to this day. Another liPle-known fact is that the traditional whitecontinues to this day. Another liPle-known fact is that the traditional whiteaPire we often see Ama divers wearing was also created by Mikimoto. HeaPire we often see Ama divers wearing was also created by Mikimoto. Heobserved how surprised the foreign observed how surprised the foreign touriststourists visiting his pearl island were when visiting his pearl island were whenseeing the Ama diving naked wearing only their traditional seeing the Ama diving naked wearing only their traditional loinclothloincloth. (. (SourceSource))

(Fosco Maraini)(Fosco Maraini)

The role of the Mikimoto ama was to collect the oysters from the seabed soThe role of the Mikimoto ama was to collect the oysters from the seabed sothat the pearl-producing nucleus may be inserted. Once this critical processthat the pearl-producing nucleus may be inserted. Once this critical processwas completed, the ama then carefully returned the oysters to the seabed inwas completed, the ama then carefully returned the oysters to the seabed ina place where they were protected from external dangers (such as typhoonsa place where they were protected from external dangers (such as typhoonsand red tide).and red tide).

In order to successfully complete this process, each diver would have to holdIn order to successfully complete this process, each diver would have to holdher breath for up to two minutes at a time in often freezing cold waters. Uponher breath for up to two minutes at a time in often freezing cold waters. Uponsurfacing, the ama opened their mouths slightly and exhaled slowly, making asurfacing, the ama opened their mouths slightly and exhaled slowly, making awhistling sound known as Isobue.whistling sound known as Isobue.

While traditional ama divers wore only a fundoshi (loincloth) to make it easierWhile traditional ama divers wore only a fundoshi (loincloth) to make it easierto move in the water and a tenugui (bandanna) around their head to coverto move in the water and a tenugui (bandanna) around their head to covertheir hair, Mikimoto ama wore a full white diving costume and used a woodentheir hair, Mikimoto ama wore a full white diving costume and used a woodenbarrel as a buoy. They were connected to this buoy by a rope and would use itbarrel as a buoy. They were connected to this buoy by a rope and would use itto rest and catch their breath between dives.to rest and catch their breath between dives.

((Yoshiyuki IwaseYoshiyuki Iwase))

Although the tradition is still maintained across many parts of Japan, theAlthough the tradition is still maintained across many parts of Japan, theskinny-dipping practices of old have largely been lost. Since the Meiji era, diversskinny-dipping practices of old have largely been lost. Since the Meiji era, diverswore goggles for clarity and from 1964, rubbery, black wetsuits werewore goggles for clarity and from 1964, rubbery, black wetsuits were

introduced.introduced.

((Eishin OsakiEishin Osaki))

One photographer in particular stands out with his photographs of the Ama.One photographer in particular stands out with his photographs of the Ama.His name was Yoshiyuki Iwase (1904-2001). He was given a gift of a smallHis name was Yoshiyuki Iwase (1904-2001). He was given a gift of a smallKodak camera when young and found his muse in the beautiful Kodak camera when young and found his muse in the beautiful mermaidsmermaids of ofthe tired, coastal regions of Japan. Thanks to his eorts, we can take a step backthe tired, coastal regions of Japan. Thanks to his eorts, we can take a step backin time and have a glimpse at what life was like working as an Ama diver, andin time and have a glimpse at what life was like working as an Ama diver, andalso see his progression as a photographer moving into nude portraits. Since hisalso see his progression as a photographer moving into nude portraits. Since hiswebsite is now oine, Im gathering up as many vintage pictures as I can forwebsite is now oine, Im gathering up as many vintage pictures as I can forposterity that Ill post as its own separate article soon.posterity that Ill post as its own separate article soon.

(Yoshiyuki Iwase)(Yoshiyuki Iwase)

One of the reasons Ama are largely female is said to be their thicker layer of fatOne of the reasons Ama are largely female is said to be their thicker layer of fatthan their male counterparts to help them endure the cold water during longthan their male counterparts to help them endure the cold water during longperiods of diving. Another reason is the self-supporting nature of theperiods of diving. Another reason is the self-supporting nature of theprofession, allowing women to live independently and foster strongprofession, allowing women to live independently and foster strongcommunities. Perhaps most surprisingly however, is the old age to which thesecommunities. Perhaps most surprisingly however, is the old age to which thesewomen are able to keep diving. Most Ama are elderly women (some evenwomen are able to keep diving. Most Ama are elderly women (some evensurpassing 90 years of age) who have practiced the art for many, many years,surpassing 90 years of age) who have practiced the art for many, many years,spending much of their life at sea.spending much of their life at sea.

((SourceSource))

With lack of young women to succeed their elders and modernisation of JapansWith lack of young women to succeed their elders and modernisation of Japanssheries however, this ancient practice is dwindling. Numbers have dropped tosheries however, this ancient practice is dwindling. Numbers have dropped tojust 1/8th of what they once were. In 1956 there were 17,611 Ama in Japan but asjust 1/8th of what they once were. In 1956 there were 17,611 Ama in Japan but asof 2010 only 2,174 remained. Of those, 973 (nearly half) work in either Toba orof 2010 only 2,174 remained. Of those, 973 (nearly half) work in either Toba orShima city, Mie prefecture. (Shima city, Mie prefecture. (FPCJFPCJ))

((SourceSource))

As technology progressed, the Ama communities were faced with decisions As technology progressed, the Ama communities were faced with decisions adopt new tools and equipment or retain traditions? One of the most importantadopt new tools and equipment or retain traditions? One of the most importantparts of the decision-making was consideration of sustainability. New shingparts of the decision-making was consideration of sustainability. New shing

methods could easily enable greater hauls and reduce work, but at the samemethods could easily enable greater hauls and reduce work, but at the sametime, increase the risk of overshing and damage the delicate ecosystems thattime, increase the risk of overshing and damage the delicate ecosystems thatsupported life for these coastal towns. Rules were introduced to prevent this.supported life for these coastal towns. Rules were introduced to prevent this.

(Yoshiyuki Iwase)(Yoshiyuki Iwase)

On Hegura island in Wajima city, rules state that abalone under 10 centimetresOn Hegura island in Wajima city, rules state that abalone under 10 centimetresmust be returned to the sea, with a punishment of two days without work ifmust be returned to the sea, with a punishment of two days without work ifcaught breaking them. Despite their eorts however, numbers of abalone andcaught breaking them. Despite their eorts however, numbers of abalone andother shellsh have been in decline, in part due to overshing, but also theother shellsh have been in decline, in part due to overshing, but also therising sea temperatures which aects the growth of seaweed the shellsh eat.rising sea temperatures which aects the growth of seaweed the shellsh eat.((SourceSource))

((SourceSource))

This culture of national mermaids diving for the nation is not only unique toThis culture of national mermaids diving for the nation is not only unique toJapan however. From 2007 Korea has been presenting its best case to have theJapan however. From 2007 Korea has been presenting its best case to have theHaenyo diversHaenyo divers of Jeju Island listed as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. of Jeju Island listed as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage.In similar fashion, Japan has now joined the races by recommending its ownIn similar fashion, Japan has now joined the races by recommending its ownfemale divers, boosted by the popularity of a recent NHK drama female divers, boosted by the popularity of a recent NHK drama AmachanAmachan,,starring a young girl who moves to the Tohoku region of Japan to became anstarring a young girl who moves to the Tohoku region of Japan to became anAma diver. (Ama diver. (AsahiAsahi))

Although perhaps the scantily-clad, romanticised image of the profession is aAlthough perhaps the scantily-clad, romanticised image of the profession is athing of the past, theres still a rich history and culture that needs to bething of the past, theres still a rich history and culture that needs to beconveyed to younger generations. The tourism industry at Mikimoto Pearl is aconveyed to younger generations. The tourism industry at Mikimoto Pearl is agreat start to help preserve the memory, but the age-old shing traditions heldgreat start to help preserve the memory, but the age-old shing traditions heldby small coastal villages are denitely in need of special aPention to make sureby small coastal villages are denitely in need of special aPention to make suretheir heritage isnt forgoPen completely.their heritage isnt forgoPen completely.

To wrap up, below are a few interesting related media that I stumbled upon.To wrap up, below are a few interesting related media that I stumbled upon.Enjoy!Enjoy!

Depictions of Ama are featured in old works of art, such as the piece below byDepictions of Ama are featured in old works of art, such as the piece below bymaster Kuniyoshi. (master Kuniyoshi. (SourceSource))

Predictably, there are also lms made around the profession. Ama are featuredPredictably, there are also lms made around the profession. Ama are featuredin the famous work Tampopo, as well as the rather less famous, and slightlyin the famous work Tampopo, as well as the rather less famous, and slightlybizarre 1959 horror movie Ama Ghost House (bizarre 1959 horror movie Ama Ghost House (). (Trailer below).). (Trailer below).

Finally, Ill leave you with a couple of short videos talking about the Ama divingFinally, Ill leave you with a couple of short videos talking about the Ama divingprofession. The rst is a superb documentary with an interview with a formerprofession. The rst is a superb documentary with an interview with a formerAma diver.Ama diver.

The second, although I have serious doubts about the validity of the narration,The second, although I have serious doubts about the validity of the narration,has rather nice, colourful video shots to enjoy. Just ignore the dialogue.has rather nice, colourful video shots to enjoy. Just ignore the dialogue.

Lastly then, heres the poem from the Manyoshu that mentions Ama divers.Lastly then, heres the poem from the Manyoshu that mentions Ama divers.

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33 comments on 33 comments on Ama The Pearl Diving Mermaids of Japan (Warning: Nudity)Ama The Pearl Diving Mermaids of Japan (Warning: Nudity)

PaulPaul says:says:August 18, 2014 at 2:47 pmAugust 18, 2014 at 2:47 pm

I remember as a kid at either Seaworld or Marineland there was an exhibit/show withI remember as a kid at either Seaworld or Marineland there was an exhibit/show withpearl divers. I was always so intrigued at how they could hold their breath for so long.pearl divers. I was always so intrigued at how they could hold their breath for so long.What a great read !!What a great read !!

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chaitanyakchaitanyak says:says:August 7, 2014 at 1:29 pmAugust 7, 2014 at 1:29 pm

Fantastic.. I was just looking around for inspiration for a illustration/3dModellingFantastic.. I was just looking around for inspiration for a illustration/3dModellingproject.. This will do!project.. This will do!

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Sheila ParrSheila Parr says:says:August 6, 2014 at 11:07 amAugust 6, 2014 at 11:07 am

Mikimoto have a museum in Mikimoto have a museum in Toba where they have divers do demos in the. White antiToba where they have divers do demos in the. White antishark outts.shark outts.

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Simona IonSimona Ion says:says:July 29, 2014 at 7:49 pmJuly 29, 2014 at 7:49 pm

Really beautiful!Really beautiful!

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JereyJerey says:says:July 24, 2014 at 5:57 amJuly 24, 2014 at 5:57 am

If you havent done so already, read Marainis Meeting With Japan. If you havent done so already, read Marainis Meeting With Japan. Great book aboutGreat book aboutthe country before and after the war.the country before and after the war.

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DenDen says:says:June 27, 2014 at 12:16 amJune 27, 2014 at 12:16 am

I found this website while cheating on a crossword puzzle. I found this website while cheating on a crossword puzzle. Thus my quest for a puzzleThus my quest for a puzzleanswer led me to nd this great pearl. answer led me to nd this great pearl. As a man I say with respect and awe, that IAs a man I say with respect and awe, that Iwould have loved to have witnessed and shared in the time when women in loinclothswould have loved to have witnessed and shared in the time when women in loinclothsdove into beautiful clear seas. dove into beautiful clear seas. No doubt someone of our era would romanticize such aNo doubt someone of our era would romanticize such atime, but I embrace that illusion. time, but I embrace that illusion. I cant wait to share the video with my wife andI cant wait to share the video with my wife anddaughter.daughter.

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Jennifer SchroederJennifer Schroeder says:says:June 3, 2014 at 1:28 pmJune 3, 2014 at 1:28 pm

Its a tradition I really admire. As a woman, this is a showing of empowerment that weIts a tradition I really admire. As a woman, this is a showing of empowerment that weshould be proud of. Diving without any equipment to aid them, these women deedshould be proud of. Diving without any equipment to aid them, these women deedthe odds and showed to the world that we, women, can do incredible feats.the odds and showed to the world that we, women, can do incredible feats.

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ObbopObbop says:says:July 15, 2014 at 8:54 amJuly 15, 2014 at 8:54 am

Its a tradition I really admire. As a woman, this is a showing of empowermentIts a tradition I really admire. As a woman, this is a showing of empowermentthat we should be proud of. Diving without any equipment to aid them, thesethat we should be proud of. Diving without any equipment to aid them, thesewomen deed the odds and showed to the world that we, women, can dowomen deed the odds and showed to the world that we, women, can doincredible feats.incredible feats.

An excellent reason that USA females should be required by USA federal law toAn excellent reason that USA females should be required by USA federal law tosign up for the military draft as males are required to do. sign up for the military draft as males are required to do. And, if the draft everAnd, if the draft everstarts up again to achieve equity with the past an all-female military should bestarts up again to achieve equity with the past an all-female military should beinitiated until a rough parity has been aXained with the numbers of malesinitiated until a rough parity has been aXained with the numbers of maleswounded and killed ghting war in prior conicts. To ease the accounting letswounded and killed ghting war in prior conicts. To ease the accounting letsstart with World War Two. start with World War Two. Seems fair to me. Especially with todays modernSeems fair to me. Especially with todays modernempowered women.empowered women.

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maxmax says:says:August 4, 2014 at 11:00 amAugust 4, 2014 at 11:00 am

wow.wow.

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AvaAva says:says:August 5, 2014 at 3:56 amAugust 5, 2014 at 3:56 am

Great idea, Obbop! Certainly youre not being unnecessarily short-sightedGreat idea, Obbop! Certainly youre not being unnecessarily short-sightedin your lack of historical/political analysis. Surely your suggestion is muchin your lack of historical/political analysis. Surely your suggestion is muchmore logical than ending these wars which are started and run andmore logical than ending these wars which are started and run andfunded predominantly by men in the rst place! And for the sake offunded predominantly by men in the rst place! And for the sake ofposterity, wed beXer make up for all of those years that men had the soleposterity, wed beXer make up for all of those years that men had the solevote and women were property of their husbands lets switch it up! Andvote and women were property of their husbands lets switch it up! Andwe should pay men less for the same work hour in the oce, and nothingwe should pay men less for the same work hour in the oce, and nothingat all for whole lifetimes of unpaid house-husbandry and 24/7 parenthood.at all for whole lifetimes of unpaid house-husbandry and 24/7 parenthood.Im glad you brought this up. Good talk.Im glad you brought this up. Good talk.

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MeganMegan says:says:August 6, 2014 at 4:19 pmAugust 6, 2014 at 4:19 pm

Youre assuming that women would not have been happy to go to war ifYoure assuming that women would not have been happy to go to war ifthey had been allowed which is stupid. Blaming women living now forthey had been allowed which is stupid. Blaming women living now forevents of the past is double stupid. You are also ruining a lovely commentevents of the past is double stupid. You are also ruining a lovely commentstream with an aggressive aXitude, shoo troll, we are here to read aboutstream with an aggressive aXitude, shoo troll, we are here to read aboutbeautiful things xxxbeautiful things xxx

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LL says:says:

August 15, 2014 at 7:52 pmAugust 15, 2014 at 7:52 pm

way to disrespect and discredit the contribution of women duringway to disrespect and discredit the contribution of women duringwartime, but moving along..wartime, but moving along..

She said that women can do incredible feats not that all women and menShe said that women can do incredible feats not that all women and mencan do the exact same incredible feats. I, as a small woman, would becan do the exact same incredible feats. I, as a small woman, would bepreXy useless at war. That isnt to say ALL women would be my sisterpreXy useless at war. That isnt to say ALL women would be my sisterwould probably be a great soldier. I can understand if your contributionwould probably be a great soldier. I can understand if your contributionhere was soldiers should be drafted based on strength and ability inhere was soldiers should be drafted based on strength and ability incombat. Id agree with that. (But from what I can gather youre takingcombat. Id agree with that. (But from what I can gather youre takingissue because someone acknowledged that women can achieve incredibleissue because someone acknowledged that women can achieve incrediblefeats. Do you realise how pathetic and bizarre that is?I The hate must runfeats. Do you realise how pathetic and bizarre that is?I The hate must rundeep!)deep!)

Besides You want to aXain a rough parity for gender inequality of theBesides You want to aXain a rough parity for gender inequality of thepast? LOL. Be my guest! But lets go the whole way shall we? and considerpast? LOL. Be my guest! But lets go the whole way shall we? and considerthe full scope of what women of the past actually put up with. Or do youthe full scope of what women of the past actually put up with. Or do younot know about or acknowledge that?not know about or acknowledge that?Also lets change the gender representation in government and in bigAlso lets change the gender representation in government and in bigbusiness also, in parity with the past! I mean, if women will be ghtingbusiness also, in parity with the past! I mean, if women will be ghtingthese wars, its only fair that they be the ones starting them too!these wars, its only fair that they be the ones starting them too!

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FragaFraga says:says:August 19, 2014 at 8:43 amAugust 19, 2014 at 8:43 am

Empowering and beautiful. Empowering and beautiful. Where are the strong American womenWhere are the strong American womenrepairing our sewers, welding underwater pipes and shoveling manure?repairing our sewers, welding underwater pipes and shoveling manure?

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Skye AtenSkye Aten says:says:March 16, 2014 at 6:50 pmMarch 16, 2014 at 6:50 pm

What a beautiful tradition. I wish it was never changed or capitalized on. The worldWhat a beautiful tradition. I wish it was never changed or capitalized on. The worldhad such unique and amazing features before the industrial age took full hold. Now allhad such unique and amazing features before the industrial age took full hold. Now allthats left is the memory of it all.thats left is the memory of it all.

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Panagiotis DallasPanagiotis Dallas says:says:March 16, 2014 at 10:15 pmMarch 16, 2014 at 10:15 pm

True, but you cant stop change, industrial revolution damaged some thingsTrue, but you cant stop change, industrial revolution damaged some thingsbrought other good stu. Thats life, change and evolution, ups and downs etc.brought other good stu. Thats life, change and evolution, ups and downs etc.

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Panagiotis DallasPanagiotis Dallas says:says:March 3, 2014 at 4:42 amMarch 3, 2014 at 4:42 am

Excellent article, i didnt know about it, very interesting also the fact that it was done byExcellent article, i didnt know about it, very interesting also the fact that it was done bywomen. Sponge diving, in some islands of Greece, was the only way to earn your livingwomen. Sponge diving, in some islands of Greece, was the only way to earn your livingin the past, but it was men that were diving. A 15 kilograms stone was taking the diversin the past, but it was men that were diving. A 15 kilograms stone was taking the diversdown to the boXom quickly. They often went down to about 30 metres (100 ft) for up todown to the boXom quickly. They often went down to about 30 metres (100 ft) for up to5 minutes.Some of them more than 100 years ago discovered the Antikythera5 minutes.Some of them more than 100 years ago discovered the AntikytheraMechanism, the oldest analog computer.Mechanism, the oldest analog computer.

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EnzoEnzo says:says:February 18, 2014 at 1:49 amFebruary 18, 2014 at 1:49 am

Look for a book called The Physiology of Breath Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan. Look for a book called The Physiology of Breath Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan. AAgreat scientic account of what these remarkable women can do.great scientic account of what these remarkable women can do.

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Bill gBill g says:says:February 17, 2014 at 2:09 pmFebruary 17, 2014 at 2:09 pm

We need more nude pictures of these chicks.We need more nude pictures of these chicks.

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DenDen says:says:June 27, 2014 at 12:18 amJune 27, 2014 at 12:18 am

Way to show your classy side.Way to show your classy side.

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ThomasThomas says:says:January 22, 2014 at 9:20 amJanuary 22, 2014 at 9:20 am

Very good website helped me learn more on the diving history.Very good website helped me learn more on the diving history.

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TomTom says:says:January 5, 2014 at 1:45 amJanuary 5, 2014 at 1:45 am

Dear Michael, pearl divers are a xture in islands of the pacic, its great that thisDear Michael, pearl divers are a xture in islands of the pacic, its great that thispractice can be recognized by Unesco.practice can be recognized by Unesco.

A liXle note though: In japan female divers were non existent as men were the only onesA liXle note though: In japan female divers were non existent as men were the only onesallowed to do that until the 19th century. At that time the taxation system made womenallowed to do that until the 19th century. At that time the taxation system made womenpossible divers but also made their activities possible divers but also made their activities tax free which had the eect of pushing atax free which had the eect of pushing alot of poor female into the job. Remember, It was NOT a good or well regarded job andlot of poor female into the job. Remember, It was NOT a good or well regarded job andthe romanticism about it is only in retrospect.the romanticism about it is only in retrospect.

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extrariceextrarice says:says:November 24, 2013 at 3:59 amNovember 24, 2013 at 3:59 am

A few years ago I found a unique book by Horace Bristol on his photography of Japan,A few years ago I found a unique book by Horace Bristol on his photography of Japan,from 1949. Inside, there are 14 booklets of his photos and observations. One of thefrom 1949. Inside, there are 14 booklets of his photos and observations. One of thebooklets talks about the Ama in a dierent location, and pearl cultivation in general.booklets talks about the Ama in a dierent location, and pearl cultivation in general.The photography is really amazing and provides a record of a way of life that is tendingThe photography is really amazing and provides a record of a way of life that is tendingto become more rare. You can to become more rare. You can nd out more about it herend out more about it here..

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megmeg says:says:November 6, 2013 at 10:31 amNovember 6, 2013 at 10:31 am

I hadnt heard of this either. PreXy cool!I hadnt heard of this either. PreXy cool!

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JoJo says:says:November 6, 2013 at 4:19 amNovember 6, 2013 at 4:19 am

I have never heard of this! How amazing! I would love to visit there some day andI have never heard of this! How amazing! I would love to visit there some day andpossibly try myself. Thank you for sharing!possibly try myself. Thank you for sharing!

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