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Alternative Fuels for School Buses
Tuesday, January 26, 2016
Goal
To provide the School Committees with recommendations to guide the possibilities for future purchase of alternatively fueled school buses• Understanding of the cost to purchase and fuel• Understanding of the impact on the environment• Understanding of the infrastructure needs• Rationale to support any recommendations• Life time cost• Green House Gas (GHG) reduction• Health impact on kids
Our Current Fleet
• 36 Diesel Buses (10 new)• Most purchased in 2006-‐2010• 85,250 gallons per year• Costing $260,000 at $3.04
• 1,907,895 lbs. of GHG each year• CPS busing alone accounts 7-‐9% of all energy used by the town (buildings, street lights, DPW, everything)
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2010-‐2011 2011-‐2012 2012-‐2013 2013-‐2014 2014-‐2015
Gallons of Diesel Consumed
CPS CCRSD
Diesel School Bus Emissions • Diesel exhaust (source EPA)
• Can cause lung damage • Has been identified as a likely cause of cancer
• Acute eye, throat and bronchial irritation
• Exacerbation of asthma and allergies• Potential interference with lung development in children
• In addition to impacting human health, diesel exhaust also harms the environment by contributing to smog formation and acid rain.
Alternative Fuels – School Buses• Petroleum Fuels (Diesel, Bio-‐Diesel B20 and Propane)
• Thomas,Blue Bird and IC Bus• Electrically Powered (BEV)
• TransPower and Lion Buses• Natural Gas (CNG)
• Thomas andBlue Bird
• Hydrogen (FCEV)• Crop Fuels (E85 and B100) • Mechanical Hybrid Systems (Kinetic)• Petroleum Fuels (Gasoline E10 and Bio-‐Diesel B2/B5) • Battery Hybrid Systems (PHEV, parallel HEV, series HEV)
Alternative Fuels – Infrastructure
• Diesel• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)• Propane (LPG)• Bio-‐Diesel B20 and B100• Electrically Powered (BEV)
Creating an apple to apples comparisonMain source document was from Argonne National Laboratory
Alternative Fuel Life-‐Cycle Environmental and Economic Transportation (AFLEET) Tool 2013• https://greet.es.anl.gov/afleet
Fuel pricing data came from the US Alternative Fuels Data Center• http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/prices.html
To correctly reflect the emissions from electricity in MA I used the ISO of NE (footprint tab)• http://www.iso-‐ne.com/about/what-‐we-‐do/key-‐stats/resource-‐mix
To reflect the mineral resources used I used the following conversions values (footprint tab)• http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=667&t=8
Alternative Fuels – Terms and Alphabet Soup
• BTU – British thermal unita measure of work
• GHG – Green House Gasesa measure of weight
• Carbon Cycle – a series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment
• MPGGE –Miles per Gallon Gasoline Equivalenta comparative measure of efficiency
Recommendations – Biodiesel B20 or B100
• The fuel cost of Biodiesel is linked to the price of diesel• B20 has a small additional cost• B100 has a higher cost
• B100 reduction in GHG is large• No change to infrastructure• Suggest using as a pilot first to check fuel quality from supplier and to monitor and maintenance issues like filters or injectors
Recommendations – Electrically Powered EV
• CPS has applied for a grant to receive a free type-‐C fully electric school bus and charger
• If awarded The EV School Bus CPS the pilot will last one year
• Concord Light will be part of the pilot and is very interested in the vehicle to grid (V2G) technology
Recommendations – Future Planning (1 of 2)
• In 5 year the alternative fuels research done today will expire
• Diesel buses running on Biodiesel will reduce GHG now at little extra cost
• Consider under carriage wasting station to extend bus life
Recommendations – Future Planning (2 of 2)
• Install solar canopy to protect buses from weather while generating savings
• Future fleet could be electric and a few long range diesels for out of town travel
• Expect the purchase price of electric school buses to drop and use the EV pilot to learn the pricing tipping point
Propane School Bus Demo