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Index
AAAII. See Ahmadiyah Anjuman
Isha’at IslamAbbas Taha, Haji, 25Abduh, Muhammad, 25, 206, 209Abdulgani, Roeslan, 211Abdullah Badawi, 5, 6, 119Abou El Fadl, Khaled, 95Aceh Freedom Movement. See
Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM)Administration of Islamic Law, 168Administration of Muslim Law Act
(AMLA), 41, 56Ahmad Abdullah, Syeikh, 25Ahmad, Dzulfefly, 132Ahmadiyah, 190, 191
Arab-educated vs. Dutch-educated scholars, 203–7
influences in Indonesia, 199–200, 207–13
Islamic revivalism, 199, 215Lahore branch, 200receptive attitude towards in
Indonesia, 200–203Ahmadiyah Anjuman Isha’at Islam
(AAII), 200Ahmad, Kassim, 76
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” refer to endnotes
Ahmad, Mahmud, 70Ahmad, Mirza Mubarak, 215Ahmad, Muhammad Ariff, 70, 74, 75Ahmad, Shahnon, 76Ahmad, Zainal Abidin Bin, 73ajaran sesat (deviant teachings), 41Akyol, Mustafa, 127al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 25, 98Alatas, Syed Farid, 127Alatas, Syed Hussein, 26, 77, 90, 102,
121Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib, 5Al-Azmeh, Aziz, 89al-Banjari, Muhammad Arsyad, 161Albar, Syed Hamid, 165alcohol consumption, by Muslim
youth, 24al-Hadi, Syed Sheikh, 70, 71, 72Ali, Abdul Mukti, 199Aliran Kebatinan, 184Aliran Kepercayaan, 184Alisjahbana, Sutan Takdir, 73al-Kalali, Sheikh Muhammad Salim,
25al-Minangkabawi Khatib, Sheikh
Ahmad, 24–25Al-Qaradawi, Yusof, 129
13 AlternativeVoices_IndexIT-1P.indd 221 13/11/19 6:52 pm
222 Index
American Muslim communities, 96Aminurashid, Harun, 70AMLA. See Administration of Muslim
Law Act (AMLA)Ampera, Kapitra, 145, 146Amrullah, Sheikh Abdul Karim, 25Anak Panglima Awang (1961), 73An’Naim, Abdullahi, 29, 95Anwar, Chairil, 73Anwar, Zainah, 29, 126, 127Arab-educated vs. Dutch-educated
scholars, 203–7Arabism, in Singapore, 59arabization, 6, 118Asha’arism, 156–57Asnawi, Ahmadi, 160Association of Women Lawyers
(AWL), 125atheism, 39, 148, 210, 215Awang, Usman, 72, 76AWL. See Association of Women
Lawyers (AWL)Ayub, Nisha, 132
BBabu Sahid, Moulavi M.H., 26Badawi, Abdullah Ahmad, 131,
179n46Bakor Pakem, 191, 197n37Bangsa Melayu Singapura Dalam
Transformasi Budayanya (Suratman Markasan), 26
Barisan Nasional government, 12, 119Barton, Greg, 13Berger, Peter L., 17bineka (diversity) citizenship, 187,
194Birth of Jesus in the Light of the Qur’an
(Basharat Ahmad), 210Bisri, Mustofa, 141Boff, Leonardo, 95
Buang, Saedah, 80Buehler, Michael, 143Bush, George W., 6
CCASIS. See Centre for Advanced
Studies on Islam, Science, and Civilisation (CASIS)
‘Catholic’ Islam, 111Centre for Advanced Studies on
Islam, Science, and Civilisation (CASIS), 5
CEP. See Council of Eminent Persons (CEP)
Chopp, Rebecca S., 95Christianity, 209, 210–11civilizational Islam, 120civil law, 56, 57civil society organizations (CSOs),
12, 147IKRAM Foundation, 12–13Kairos Dialogue Network, 13–15Projek Dialog, 11–12
Committee for Islamic Institutional Reforms, 159
Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), 191
conservatism, 11, 15, 40, 118, 142–46, 149–51
Constitutional Court, 184, 186, 187, 191, 192
Council of Eminent Persons (CEP), 159
Crescent Star Party, 146customary law, 186, 189
DDahlan, Kyai Hj Ahmad, 25
DDII. See Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia (DDII)
13 AlternativeVoices_IndexIT-1P.indd 222 13/11/19 6:52 pm
Index 223
Decline of Liberalism as an Ideology, The (Hallowell), 93
Defending Islam Act, 139Department of Islamic Development
Malaysia (JAKIM), 118, 119, 122, 126
Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia (DDII), 213
Dingemans, L.F., 201divorce in Islam, 204Djojosoegito, R. Ng., 202
EEck, Diana L., 17“Een Ereschuld” (debt of honour),
201Embong, Ghazali, 163Engineer, Asghar Ali, 29Ethical Policy, 201, 202European Muslims, 18
FFaisal Tehrani, 6Faruqi, Ismail, 5Faruqi, Shad Saleem, 121, 159Fealy, Greg, 140, 141Federal Constitution, 160Federal Territories Religious
Department (JAWI), 127Freedom Papua Organization. See
Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM)
Fromm, Erich, 67
GGabungan Bertindak Malaysia
(GBM), 13GAI. See Gerakan Ahmadiyah
Indonesia (GAI)Gandhi, Indira, 167, 171Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), 193
Gerakan Ahmadiyah Indonesia (GAI), 200
Ghulam Ahmad, Mirza, 200, 205, 210, 211
Golkar Party, 21Gospel of Action, The (Kamal-ud-Din),
205, 211Gul, Abdullah, 127Gutiérrez, Gustavo, 95
Hhalal, 4–5, 19, 34, 57Halida, Rizka, 144Halil, Rasiah, 70, 80Hallowell, John H., 93Hamid, A. Ghani, 78Hamzah, Amir, 73haram, 19, 160Harmony Bill, 191Hashemi, Nader, 95Hassan, Ibrahim Azmi, 162Hassan, Ustaz Ahmad, 26Het Licht (journal), 207hibah ruqbah (rukbah-gift), 46Himpunan Mahasiswa Indonesia
(HMI), 40HINDRAF. See Hindu Rights Action
Force (HINDRAF)Hindu Rights Action Force
(HINDRAF), 6Hisyam, Usama, 145Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI),
146–47HMI. See Himpunan Mahasiswa
Indonesia (HMI)Holy Qur’an, The (Muhammad Ali),
210humanism, 76–81Human Rights Commission of
Malaysia (SUHAKAM), 164human rights issues in Indonesia
13 AlternativeVoices_IndexIT-1P.indd 223 13/11/19 6:52 pm
224 Index
hierarchy and discrimination, 189–92
political identity and populism, 184–87
Hussin, Zaleha, 163
IIbn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad,
111Ibn Khaldun’s socio-historical
method, 103ICCR. See International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights (ICCR)ICERD. See International Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)
Idenburg, A.W.F., 201IFSO. See International Federation of
Students Organisations (IFSO)IIUM. See International Islamic
University of Malaysia (IIUM)ijtihad (reasoning), 26IKRAM (IKRAM Foundation
Malaysia), 12–13Indonesia
Ahmadiyah Community, 200changing religious-political
landscape, 140–42civil society organizations, 147conservatism, 142, 150democracy and conservatism,
149–52elections and intolerance, 143–46Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, 146–47Indonesian Ulama Council, 139, 145Jakarta gubernatorial election
(2017), 143literary scene, 73Muhammadiyah, 141Nahdlatul Ulama, 141National Awakening Party, 141
non-Muslims, 144Nusantara Islam, 59Pancasila vs. Islamists, 146–49Perppu Ormas, 147pornography bill, 148post-1998 democratization, 140presidential election of 2019, 140religious education, 151religious intolerance, 144212 movement, 145–47Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 143
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, 145
Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council, 213
Indonesian Muslim organizations, 142
Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI), 139, 145
Institute of the Malay World and Civilization (ATMA), 124
Institutional Reforms Committee (IRC), 159
Intellectuals in Developing Societies, 92
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), 7, 12, 131
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCR), 169, 188
International Federation of Students Organisations (IFSO), 40
International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 5
International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM), 126
inter-religious marriage, 39, 142Iranian revolution of 1979, 4, 40, 161
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Index 225
IRC. See Institutional Reforms Committee (IRC)
IRF. See Islamic Renaissance Front (IRF)
ISIS. See Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)
Islam Berkemajuan (Modern Islam), 120
Islam Hadhari (Civilizational Islam), 5, 120
Islam Nusantara (Archipelagic Islam), 120
Islam Wasatiyyah (Moderate Islam), 120
Islamic Boarding School Foundation, 213
Islamic discourse in Malaysia, 119–27
“arabization”, 118foreign speakers, 127–29Islamic institutions, 122–23Islamic NGOs, 118Pakatan Harapan government,
119reforms, 129–33religious bureaucracy, 118, 133universities, 133
Islamic education, 42Islamic Institute of Thought and
Civilisation (ISTAC), 126Islamic law, 49, 93, 98, 103Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS), 130“Islamic Protestantism”, 112Islamic reform, 24, 72Islamic religious literature, 24Islamic Renaissance Front (IRF), 11,
119, 124Islamic Resurgence in Malaysia
(Chandra Muzaffar), 3Islamic revivalism
early twentieth century, 199
Fazlur Rahman’s categorization of, 214
in Indonesia, 200, 204–5, 2151979 Islamic Revolution, 157, 158Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS),
120Islamism, 4, 111, 145Islamization, 28, 42“Islam on slavery”, 204Islams and Modernities (Al-Azmeh),
89Islam, Songkok dan Bahasa (Maarof
Salleh), 26Ismail, A. Samad, 72Ismail, Hamed, 70ISTAC. See Islamic Institute of
Thought and Civilisation (ISTAC)
JJaafariyyahs, 160, 163, 165JAI. See Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia
(JAI)Jakarta Charter, 35Jakarta gubernatorial election (2017),
143JAKIM (Department of Islamic
Development Malaysia), 5, 7Jalaluddin, Sheikh Tahir, 25, 70–72Jamaluddin al-Afghani, 25Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL), 128Jemaah Islamiah (JI), 120Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI),
200JIB. See Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB)“Jihad in Islam”, 204JIL. See Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL)Joko Widodo (Jokowi), 145, 146, 147,
150, 184, 193Jomo, Kwame Sundaram, 159
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226 Index
Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), 203, 206, 207
KKairos Dialogue Network (KDN),
13–15Kamali, M. Hashim, 95, 121Kamal-ud-Din, Khwaja, 209, 211Kamaluddin, Mohd Zuki, 164Kamari, Isa, 70, 80KDN. See Kairos Dialogue Network
(KDN)Khan, Muqtader, 95Khomeini, Ayatollah, 130Koening, Matthias, 186, 188, 192
LLatiff-Mohamed, Mohamed, 70, 78LGBT issues, 132Lukacs, George, 68Lutfi, Ahmad, 26, 70, 71
MMaaruf, Shaharuddin, 35, 37, 77Madjid, Nurcholis, 59madrasah education, 34, 42, 43–44,
44, 45Mahathir Mohamad, 3, 5, 6, 15, 119Mahendra, Yuzril Ihza, 146Majid, Nurcholish, 95Malay Muslim community, 28, 83, 85Malay/Muslim religious discourse in
Singapore, 22predominance of religious
traditionalists, 23–24religious reforms in history, 24–27revivalists’ criticism, 27–29
MalaysiaArabization, 6Chinese minority in, 41Christian-Muslim relations in, 14
civil society organizations, 12halal certification, 5IMAN, 10Islamic institutions, 4Islamization of modern sciences, 5non-Muslim groups, 7politics of islamic discourse in, 3–8population, 9post-Islamic revivalism, 4poverty in, 9radicalization, 6religiosity in, 3, 11security threats, 6state responses to Islamization, 5–8women in, 10
Malaysian Federal constitution, 34Malaysian Islamic universities, 5Malaysian Muslim Solidarity (ISMA),
12Malaysian United Indigenous Party,
131Malik, Maszlee, 132Mannheim, Karl, 94Markasan, Suratman, 26, 70, 74, 78marriage laws, 40Mas, Keris, 72, 76Masuri S.N., 70, 74, 78matrimonial property, 46, 56, 57Maznah, Sharifah, 77, 80Menk, Mufti, 51Merdeka Centre, 10Mietzner, Marcus, 143, 144Mihardja, Achdiat, 73Minah Joget Moden (1968), 73Moderate Islam, 120“Moderation in the Quran” (forum),
128–29Moosa, Ebrahim, 103Moussalli, Ahmad, 95Mufti Menk, 52Muhammad Haniff, Hassan, 95
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Index 227
Muhammadiyah, 25, 26, 141, 203, 214
Muhammad the Prophet (Muhammad Ali), 209
Muhtadi, Burhanuddin, 143, 144Muis, 29, 43–46, 53, 54, 56Musa, Faizal, 119Musa, Mohd Farouk, 126Muslim law, 45, 50, 56Muslims
Administration of Muslim Law Act, 41
Christian-Muslim relations, 14European, 18Fellowship of Muslim Students
Association, 28Indian Muslim community, 26Islamophobia—anti-Muslim
sentiments, 17matrimonial issues, 56–57modern education, 42and non-Muslims, 7, 15, 34, 49, 50,
51reformism, 25, 28religious resurgence, 18sanctity of hudud, 47“tauhidic (monotheistic)
worldview”, 42–43World Assembly of Muslim Youth,
40Muzaffar, Chandra, 3, 29, 121, 127Myth of the Lazy Native, The (Syed
Hussein Alatas), 94
NNahdlatul Ulama (NU), 141, 203Naik, Zakir, 15, 51, 129Najib Razak government, 6, 7, 119,
123Nashir, Haedar, 141Nasir, Bachtiar, 146
National Awakening Party (PKB), 141National Fatwa Committee, 124, 164,
165National Fatwa Council (NFC), 160National Trust Party, 131National University of Malaysia
(UKM), 124Natsir, Mohammad, 210NFC. See National Fatwa Council
(NFC)Ngabalin, Ali Mochtar, 1469/11 attacks, 5, 33, 51Noer, Deliar, 199non-Muslims, 15, 49, 51NU. See Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)Nusantara Islam, 59
OOffice of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), 170
On Politics (Ibn Khaldun), 110Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM),
193Othman, Abdul Hamid, 165
PPakatan Harapan government, 15,
119, 173Pak Lah. See Abdullah BadawiPancasila vs. Islamists, 146–49Panglima Awang (1958), 73Penghulu yang Hilang Segala-galanya
(1998), 75Persatuan Islam, 203Pertubuhan Jamaah Islah Malaysia
(JIM), 12Pesta Filem KITA 2, 12Pesta Puisi Kota, 12PNPS Act of 1965, 186, 189–91, 194Prabowo Subianto, 143
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228 Index
Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE), 43
Progressive Islamanti-Milton-Friedman pleas, 106articulation of, 95–96asabiya, 104badawi-hadari dichotomy, 104–5business and trade, 109captive mind, 100–101“circle of justice”, 110civilizational and religious
traditions, 112Decline of Liberalism as an Ideology,
The (Hallowell), 93description, 91, 94–95, 97exoteric-esoteric continuum,
99–100feudal values, 102freedom-coercion continuum, 100Ibn Khaldun’s socio-historical
method, 103inclusive-exclusive continuum, 99Intellectuals in Developing Societies
(Syed Hussein Alatas), 92internal-external continuum, 99Islamic humanism, 95Islamic law, 93–94Islams and Modernities (Al-Azmeh),
89knowledge-practice continuum, 98“the middle way”, 97Myth of the Lazy Native, The, 94nationalist-imperialist continuum,
100nativism-orientalism continuum,
98nomadic and sedentary social
organization, 104non-rational-rational continuum,
100private investment, 105–6
“Regeneration of Islamic Societies, The”, 91
social justice, 95socio-historical context, 101, 102tradition-modernity continuity, 99and Western traditions, 94worldly-otherworldly continuum,
100Projek Dialog, 11–12PSLE. See Primary School Leaving
Examinations (PSLE)Putri, Megawati Soekarno, 194
QQaradhawi, 48, 52Quraysh (tribe), 103
RRafaat Hamzah, 80Rafaat, Othman Effendi, 26Rahmat, Hadijah, 76, 80Rais, Hishamuddin, 133Ramadan, Tariq, 18, 29Rasmin, Zaytun, 146Rawa, Mujahid, 132Razak, Najib Abdul, 123, 131, 165–67“Regeneration of Islamic Societies,
The” (editorial), 91religious consciousness, in Indonesia,
17, 18civilizational orientation, 21economic orientation, 19–20ideological orientation, 20political orientation, 18–19
Religious Harmony Bill, 183riba (usury), 19Rida, Rashid, 206, 209Risalah Penting pada Mas’alah Jilatan
Anjing di atas Empat-empat Madzhab (Abbas), 25–26
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Index 229
SSabu, Mohamad, 132Sachedina, Abdulaziz, 95Salafism, 20, 35, 59, 118, 129Salim, H. Agus, 205, 210Salleh Abas, 167Salleh, Maarof, 26Samad, Khalid, 132Secret of Existence, The, 209, 211secularism, 36, 37, 42, 49Sedition and Public Order Act, 164Sekolah Diniyyah al-Islamiyyah, 25Sharia Criminal Offences Act, 168Sharom, Azmi, 127Shihab, Rizieq, 149Siddiqui, Maulana Abdul Aleem, 26Singapore
antagonism against Shias, 55Arabism in, 59freedom of religion, 49Indian Muslim community, 26inhibited reformist voices in, 22Islamic religious literature, 24madrasah education, 42, 44multiculturalism in, 54reformist Islamic ideas, 23, 24resurgence discourse, 35socio-economic conditions, 38as transit centre for pilgrimage to
Mecca, 24Singapore Islamic Scholars and
Religious Teachers Association (PERGAS), 41, 53, 56, 64n36
Singapore Malay literary scene, 67–85academic setting, 73articulations, 69–70challenges, 67cultural planning and vision, 82–83ethno-chauvinists, 72humanism, 76–81indigenous history, 73
Islamic reformist ideas, 72Lutfi’s vocal criticism, 71Malay teaching fraternities, 73post-separation literary
development, 74–76poverty and social disruption, 74progressive ideas, 69, 85prominent writers, 70reformists, 71religious traditionalism and
obscurantism, 68Singapore Shariah Board of Appeal,
48Siradj, Said Aqil, 141Sirry, Munim, 119, 128Sisters in Islam (SIS), 11, 119, 123, 124Soedewo P.K., 210Sources of Christianity, The, 209, 213Southeast Asian Network of Civil
Society Organisations (SEAN-CSO), 13
Special Autonomy Law, 184, 189Sukarti, Ahmad, 24Sunnah, 39, 47Sunni-Shia reconciliation, 156–59
after GE14, 159–61characteristic of rebelliousness, 158fear towards Shias in 1996, 161–65Islamic Revolution in Iran of 1979,
157Ottoman Empire, 158–59Pakatan Harapan government, 173remedies and challenges, 167–72Shias under Najib Razak, 166–67
Suratman’s literary repertoire, 75Syed Sheikh al-Hady, 25, 26
TTaha, Haji Abbas, 70Tahir, Sheikh Muhammad, 25Tak Ada Jalan Keluar (1962), 74
13 AlternativeVoices_IndexIT-1P.indd 229 13/11/19 6:52 pm
230 Index
Tambak Minda: Mengamat Perkembangan Islam Semasa (Maarif Salleh), 26
taqlid (absolute imitation), 26Teachings of Islam, The, 210, 211Tehrani, Faizal, 124Teik, Pang Khee, 132Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, 160Thohari, Hajriyanto, 21Tjokroaminoto, H.O.S., 205, 210Toer, Pramoedya Ananta, 73Trump, Donald, 184Tukimin, Djamal, 78212 movement, 145–47
UUlama Council of Indonesia (MUI),
19Ulil Abshar-Abdallah, 29, 95, 119UN General Assembly, 188Unitary State of the Republic of
Indonesia Based on Sharia, The, 149
University Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 133
Uthman El Muhammady, 126
Vvan Bruinessen, Martin, 141, 151van der Kroef, Justus M., 204, 205Van Deventer, C. Th., 201
WWahhabism, 35, 59, 118, 129Wahid, Abdurrahman, 59WAMY. See World Assembly of
Muslim Youth (WAMY)Westernization, 42Westminster-style parliamentary
system, 9Wibisono, Jusuf, 206Wicktorowicz, Quintan, 20Wilders, Geertz, 17“Women from Judaism to Islam”, 204World Assembly of Muslim Youth
(WAMY), 40
YYang di-Pertuan Agong, 122, 131,
181n62YAPI. See Yayasan Pesantren Islam
(YAPI)Yapp, Eugene, 14Yaqub Khan, Muhammad, 209Yayasan Pesantren Islam (YAPI), 213Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 143,
144, 183, 190accommodation of Islamic
conservatives, 144, 150anti-pornography bill, 145
Yusof, Zaleha, 160
ZZaidiyyahs, 156, 160, 163, 165
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