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Alternative FuelsElectricity

Electric Car Early History

• Invented between 1832 and 1839 by Robert Anderson

• storage batteries were improved in 1865 and 1881

Electric Car Middle years

• Disappeared by 1935 until the 1960s

• Developed to reduce pollution and dependence on foreign oil

• Personal vehicles top speed of 45mph with a range of 50 miles

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Alternative FuelsElectricity

Legislative Actions

• 1990 Clean Air Act

• 1992 Energy policy Act

• California Air Resources Board regulations

Advancements

• Longer range

• Faster recharge time

• increased speed

Electric Car 1990 - 1997

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Alternative FuelsElectricity

Electric Car 1990 - 1997

60 mile range

7 hour recharge80 mph

80 mile range

70 mph

80 -100 mile range

$30,00- $40,000 in 1998

was too expensive for the average consumer

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Alternative FuelsElectricity

Electric Car Today

2010 Tesla Roadster

• 125 mph

•0-60 in 3.9 seconds

•220 mile range

•Plug-in charge overnight

• Home connector charge 4 hours

$128,000

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Alternative FuelsElectricity

CONS

• Long recharge time

• Recharge from the grid

• Expensive maintenance

• Batteries are expensive and toxic waste

PROS

• Emission free

• 3 X more efficient than ICE

• If charged from renewable sources Zero Emission Vehicle

New longer lasting and faster charging batteries as well as

other technologies are currently being developed

See ahead about hydrogen as a source of electricity

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Alternative FuelsElectricity

TIME WILL TELL

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Alternative FuelsHybrid Cars

How does a hybrid car work

Videohttp://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htm

Chevy Malibu Honda InsightToyota Prius

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Alternative FuelsHybrid Cars

Gasoline -Electric Hybrid

• Most common Hybrid on the road

• Small ICE with reduced emissions and increase efficiency

• Advanced electric motor also acts as a generator

• Battery storageFord Escape

The hybrid Experiencehttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/webridestv/5539-the-hybrid-experience-video.htm

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Alternative FuelsHybrid Cars

Series Hybrid

•The gasoline turns a generator

•The generator can charge the battery or

• The generator can power the electric motor

• The gasoline engine never directly drives the vehicle

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Alternative FuelsHybrid Cars

Parallel Hybrid

•The gasoline powers the engine

•The batteries supply power to an electric motor

• The generator can power the electric motor

• Both the gasoline engine and the electric motor can turn the transmission

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Alternative FuelsHybrid Cars

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle(PHEV)

• Recharge through the grid

• 9 cents/kwh = 30mi for 81 cents = 75 cents/gl of gasoline

•If all vehicles were plug-in hybrids we would cut our oil needs by 55%

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Alternative FuelsHybrid Cars

CONS

• Expensive

• Batteries are expensive and toxic waste

PROS

• 20% -25% better mileage than ICE

• 30% reduction in emissions

• No recharging necessary

• Generator and breaks recharge batteries