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ate sigma factor usage : controls selective transcr of entire sets of s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation s 70 TTGACA TATAAT (16-19 bp) (5-9 bp) A +1 CNCTTGA CCCATNT (13-15 bp) (5-9 bp) A +1 CTGGNA TTGCA (6 bp) (5-9 bp) A +1 Ways to Regulate Transcription ההההה הההההה הההה ההההה הה –19.6.2008 !

Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

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Page 1: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes

s32

s60

vegetative(principal s)

heat shock

nitrogen starvation

s70

TTGACA TATAAT(16-19 bp) (5-9 bp) A

+1

CNCTTGA CCCATNT(13-15 bp) (5-9 bp) A

+1

CTGGNA TTGCA(6 bp) (5-9 bp) A

+1

Ways to Regulate Transcription

צמיחה

!19.6.2008התרגיל ביום חמישי זה –

Page 2: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

באוקריוטיםטרנסקריפציה

Page 3: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 4: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Pre-mRNA

* microRNAs (miRNA) RNA molecules of about 21–23 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression. are processed from primary transcripts known as pri-miRNA.

Page 5: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 6: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

5’UTR

3’UTR

Page 7: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

בעכבר כבד בתאי

Page 8: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 9: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

RNA polymerase

Page 10: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

ותדירות יעילות 1מיקום +) בזלית ) נמוכה רמה

ESRE

אינטרונים

Page 11: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 12: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 13: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

אין אחידות במיקום וברצפי הבקרה בין

גנים שונים.

Page 14: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

הטרנסקריפציה שלבי

•Initiation

•Elongation

•Termination

Page 15: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 16: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 17: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 18: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

- איניציציה פרה קומפלקס

ותדירות יציבותזה קומפלקס יצירתוקצב כמות את קובעת

- ה RNAסינטזת

Page 19: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 20: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

אוקריוטים בתאים טרנסקריפציה של אקטיבציה אופן

Page 21: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Stages in Initiation of Transcription

• Bacterial transcription• Closed complex:

holoenzyme+promoter• Open complex (DNA

melting, not need ATP)• Abortive transcripton• Productive initiation

– Transcribe past +9

– Sigma dissociates

• Elongation

• Eukaryotic transcription

• Preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly

• PIC activation (DNA melting, needs ATP)

• Abortive transcription• Productive initiation

– CTD phosphorylated

– Promoter clearance

• Elongation

Page 22: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

initiation

Page 23: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Elongation

NTPs

Page 24: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

TERMINATION

• RNA polymerase meets the terminator• Terminator sequence: AAUAAA

• RNA polymerase releases from DNA• Prokaryotes-releases at termination

signal• Eukaryotes-releases 10-35 base pairs

after termination signal

Page 25: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 26: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
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Page 29: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

קומפלקס האלונגציה

Page 30: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

transcription

Page 31: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 32: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Transcription regulation

Page 33: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 34: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 35: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 36: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
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Page 39: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Gene expression

Page 40: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation
Page 41: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Basics of cell biology:development

Fertilized egg

Page 42: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Basics of cell biology:development

Cells differentiationis due to different geneSwitches going on and off

These cells are differentbecause they express a subset of their 24,000 genes

Page 43: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

GenePromoter

To specify a new cell: place it in the right environment

or

Page 44: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

GenePromoter

To specify a new cell: place it in the right environment

orSubstitute drugs/proteins for environmentMophogens

FGF

Hedgehog

EGF

Wnt

Retinoic acid

HGF

Page 45: Alternate sigma factor usage: controls selective transcription of entire sets of genes s 32 s 60 vegetative (principal s) heat shock nitrogen starvation

Chromosome localization in interphase

In interphase, chromosomes appearto be localized to a sub-region of thenucleus.