Already LLC (dba Yums) v. Nike (U.S. 2012) (Petition for Cert)

7/31/2019 Already LLC (dba Yums) v. Nike (U.S. 2012) (Petition for Cert)

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\[KQTIF@ ^RKQK@TKD

]hkthkr l okdkrlj diqtriat af{rt iq divkqtkd fo Lrtiajk IIIg{riqdiatif` fvkr l ~lrtyq ahljjk`mk tf thk vljidity fo l okdkr%ljjy rkmiqtkrkd trldkelrc io thk rkmiqtrl`t ~rfeiqkq `ft tf lq%qkrt itq elrc lmli`qt thk ~lrtyq thk`%kxiqti`m afeekrailj la%tivitikq.


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R[JK 29.? QTLTKEK@T

^{rq{l`t tf thiq Af{rtq R{jk 29.?* ~ktitif`kr qtltkq thlt ithlq `f ~lrk`t afr~frltif` l`d `f ~{bjiajy hkjd afe~l`yf}`q + fr efrk fo ~ktitif`krq qtfac.


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TLBJK FO AF@TK@TQ

^lmk

\[KQTIF@ RKQK@TKD ............................................ iR[JK 29.? QTLTKEK@T ............................................ iiTLBJK FO AF@TK@TQ ............................................. iii

TLBJK FO L^^K@DIAKQ ........................................... v

TLBJK FO L[THFRITIKQ........................................ viF^I@IF@Q BKJF] .....................................................


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II. THK DKAIQIF@ BKJF]AF@OJIATQ ]ITH E[JTI^JK

^RAKDK@TQ FO THIQ AF[RTAF@QTR[I@M L@D L^^JYI@M

OKDKRLJ AF[RT G[RIQDIATIF@ ............


6/72

v

TLBJK FO L^^K@DIAKQ

^lmk

L^^K@DIX L F^I@IF@ FO THK [@ITKD

QTLTKQ AF[RT FO L^^KLJQ OFR THK

QKAF@D AIRA[IT* DKAIDKD

@F_KEBKR * 2>


7/72

vi

TLBJK FO L[THFRITIKQ

ALQKQ ^lmk(q)

Lctikqkjqclbkt LO 2< v. Olek Gkl`q I`a.*;2; O.1d 8 (D.A. Air. 2>>8) .................................. =)

(Dyc* G.* diqqk`ti`m) ...................................


8/72

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Dfdmk%Rkm{~fj* I`a. v. RB R{bbkr ^rfdq.* I`a.*

;8; O. Q{~~. 2d ?4; (E.D. ^l. 2>>8) ................... ? O.1d ) .............................

(K.D. l. 2>2?8 RQJ* 2>>8 ]J 418>419

(].D. ]lqh. Qk~. 22* 2>>8).................................. >2) ..............................................


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Effrk v. @k} Yfrc Afttf` Kxahl`mk*

2=> [.Q. ;91 (


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28 [.Q.A.


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~lrt* . . . l`d fthkr}iqk rkatioy thk rkmiqtkr }ith rkq~kat tf thkrkmiqtrltif`q fo l`y ~lrty tf thk latif`.

]hk` thk vljidity fo l okdkrljjy rkmiqtkrkd trldkelrc iqahljjk`mkd i` l okdkrlj af{rt latif`* thk rkmiqtrl`t ely hlvk lqtrf`m eftivltif` tf try l`d ~rkvk`t thk af{rt orfe rklahi`mthk ekritq fo thk vljidity iqq{k. Thiq eftivltif` ely bk kq%~kailjjy qtrf`m }hkrk l ajliekd trldkelrc iq l ~rfd{at af`%oim{rltif` }hfqk kjimibijity ofr trldkelrc ~rftkatif` iq himhjyq{q~kat. Ao. Afe~af Afr~. v. Dly%Britk Jimhti`m* I`a.* 1=?[.Q. 214* 21=%18 (


15/72

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aiqif` bkjf}) hlvk fookrkd divkrmk`t l`q}krq tf thiq |{kq%tif`.

I`Blàrfot / Elqtkrq* Ià. v. L{m{qtl @ltif`lj Ià.* 221O.1d 82 (9th Air. 2>>>)* thk @i`th Aira{it hkjd thlt l ~rfe%iqk `ft tf lqqkrt l rkmiqtkrkd trldkelrc lmli`qt l` laa{qkdiòri`mkrq kxiqti`m lativitikq did `ft divkqt thk diqtriat af{rtfo Lrtiajk III g{riqdiatif` tf hklr thk laa{qkd iòri`mkrqajlie ahljjk`mi`m thk vljidity fo thk lqqkrtkd elrc. I` rklah%i`m thiq afàj{qif`* thk @i`th Aira{it l~~jikd thiq Af{rtqqtl`dlrd ofr dktkreiì`m ~fqtafeekàkek`t efft`kqq*`lekjy* }hkthkr thk rkmiqtrl`t hld eldk l` lbqfj{tkjy

ajklr qhf}i`m thlt it }f{jd `kvkr rk`k} itq ljjkmkdjy}rf`mo{j bkhlvifr. Id. lt 8; (aitltif` feittkd). Thiqqtri`mk`t qtl`dlrd }lq `ft ekt* thk @i`th Aira{it hkjd* bk%al{qk thk rkmiqtrl`tq ~rfeiqk i` Blàrfotdid `ft kjiei`ltkljj riqc thlt thk rkmiqtkrkd elrc eimht bk lqqkrtkd lmli`qt thkahljjk`mkr i` thk o{t{rk l`d qf }lq iàfe~jktk l`d |{lji%oikd.Id. O{rthkr* }ith rkmlrd tf thk laa{qkd iòri`mkrq qk~%lrltk ajlie ofr alàkjjltif` rkjiko* thk @i`th Aira{it hkjd thltkvk` io Sthk rkmiqtrl`tqU ~rfeiqk hld bkk` {`|{ljioikd* it}f{jd `ft hlvk efftkd Sthk ahljjk`mkrqU qk~lrltk rk|{kqtofr alàkjjltif` qiàk thk trldkelrc alàkjjltif` af{`tS}lUq qk~lrltk orfe thk dkajlrltfry g{dmek`t af{`t i` thkafe~jli`t l`d dSidU `ft l~~klr tf bk fbvif{qjy ekritjkqq.

Id.I` thk dkaiqif` bkjf}* thk Qkaf`d Aira{it qtltkd thlt it

of{`d thk @i`th Aira{itq rklqfì`m i` Blàrfot {`~krq{l%qivk. ^kt. L~~.


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Thk g{riqdiatif` fo okdkrlj af{rtq tf hklr ajlieq ahljjk`m%i`m thk vljidity fo okdkrlj i`tkjjkat{lj ~rf~krty rimhtq iq l elt%tkr fo ~{bjia ie~frtlàk. Thiq Af{rt hlq rk~kltkdjy `ftkdthk qtrf`m okdkrlj ~fjiay olvfri`m thk o{jj l`d orkk {qk foidklq i` thk ~{bjia dfeli`* Jklr*Ià. v. Ldci`q* 19; [.Q.?;1* ?=4 (8 [.Q. lt 9? (|{ft%i`m Brkqìac v. [ìtkd Qtltkq _itlei` Afr~.*


17/72

?

L. Rkq~f`dk`tq Q{it Lmli`qt ^ktitif`krI` 2>>9* rkq~f`dk`t q{kd ~ktitif`kr ofr ljjkmkd i`ori`mk%

ek`t l`d dij{tif` fo thk ~{r~frtkd trldkelrc qkt ofrth bk%jf}7

Lqqkrtkd Trldkelrc

Thk Y[EQ%brl`dkd qhfkq ~rfd{akd by ~ktitif`kr* }hfqkqljk }lq ljjkmkd tf i`ori`mk fr dij{tk thk rkq~f`dk`tq rkmiq%

tkrkd trldkelrc* kebfdikd thk dkqim` dk~iatkd bkjf}7

Laa{qkd Qhfk


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=

Rkq~f`dk`t ljjkmkd thlt by qkjji`m Y[EQ%brl`dkd qhfkqkebfdyi`m thk dkqim` dk~iatkd lbfvk* ~ktitif`kr ljjkmkdjyiòri`mkd fr dij{tkd thk qf%aljjkd trldkelrc dk~iatkd lt tf~.I` q{~~frt fo itq ajlie* rkq~f`dk`t aitkd l`d rkjikd f` akrtioi%altk fo rkmiqtrltif` @f. 1*4;; (thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`).

^ktitif`kr qkrvkd l` l`q}kr tf rkq~f`dk`tq afe~jli`t*dkìkd iòri`mkek`t* l`d lqqkrtkd l afe~{jqfry af{`tkrajlieofr alàkjltif` fo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`. ^ktitif`krq af{`%tkrajlie ljjkmkd i` ~lrt7

4=. Thk ~{r~frtkd elrc dk~iatkd l`d dkqaribkd i`thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` iq `ft* i` olat* l trldkelrc

}ithi` thk eklì`m fo * rkq~f`dk`t lbr{~tjy dkjivkrkd l dfa%{ek`t qtyjkd Afvk`l`t @ft tf Q{k. I` thiq afvk`l`t* rk%q~f`dk`t {`dkrtffc tf rkorli` orfe lqqkrti`m thk 9>; Rkm%iqtrltif` lmli`qt l`y fo Ljrkldyq a{rrk`t l`d&fr~rkvif{qofft}klr ~rfd{at dkqim`q* l`d l`y afjfrlbjk ieitltif`q thkrk%fo* rkmlrdjkqq fo }hkthkr thlt offt}klr iq ~rfd{akd* diqtrib{t%kd* fookrkd ofr qljk* ldvkrtiqkd* qfjd* fr fthkr}iqk {qkd iàfeekrak bkofrk fr lotkr thk Kookativk Dltk fo thiq Afvk%`l`t (ke~hlqiq lddkd).

Ieekdiltkjy ofjjf}i`m dkjivkry fo thk lbfvk%dkqaribkdafvk`l`t* rkq~f`dk`t efvkd thk diqtriat af{rt ofr l` frdkr(i) diqeiqqi`m rkq~f`dk`tq f}` afe~jli`t lmli`qt ~ktitif`kr}ith ~rkg{diak* l`d (ii) diqeiqqi`m ~ktitif`krq afe~{jqfry


19/72

8

af{`tkrajlie ofr ljjkmkd jlac fo q{bgkat elttkr g{riqdiatif`.Rkq~f`dk`t lqqkrtkd thlt by }livi`m l`d vfj{`tlrijy diqeiqq%i`m itq f}` ajlieq* rkq~f`dk`t hld divkqtkd thk diqtriat af{rtfo q{bgkat elttkr g{riqdiatif` tf hklr ~ktitif`krq afe~{jqfryaf{`tkrajlie ahljjk`mi`m thk vljidity fo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`l`d qkkci`m itq af{rt%frdkrkd al`akjjltif`.

I` itq rkq~f`qk tf rkq~f`dk`tq eftif`* ~ktitif`kr lmrkkdthlt rkq~f`dk`tq (ekritjkqq) ajlieq i` thiq latif` qhf{jd bkdiqeiqqkd }ith ~rkg{diak* b{t ~ktitif`kr af`tk`dkd thlt thkdiqeiqqlj fo rkq~f`dk`tq ajlieq hld `f kookat f` thk af{rtqg{riqdiatif` tf hklr ~ktitif`krq afe~{jqfry af{`tkrajlie.

A. Thk Diqtriat Af{rtq Dkaiqif`I` Gl`{lry 2>


20/72

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triat af{rt lac`f}jkdmkd thlt itq l`ljyqiq fo thk g{riqdiatif`ljiqq{k }lq af`trlry tf thlt }hiah thk @i`th Aira{it l~~jikd i`Blàrfot. Qkk ^kt. L~~. 1?l (qfek af{rtq i` fthkr diqtriatqhlvk lmrkkd }ith Dkok`dl`tq lrm{ek`t) (aiti`mBlàrfot).

I` diat{e* thk diqtriat af{rt q{mmkqtkd thlt rkq~f`dk`tqafvk`l`t }f{jd `ft ~rkvk`t ~ktitif`kr orfe i`qtit{ti`m l`ldeiìqtrltivk alàkjjltif` ~rfakkdi`m i thk ^TF. Thkdiqtriat af{rt lac`f}jkdmkd thlt qfek i`kooiaikày rkq{jtqorfe rk|{iri`m Dkok`dl`t tf `f} i`qtit{tk l` ldeiìqtrltivk~rfakkdi`m bkofrk thk ^ltk`t l`d Trldkelrc Fooiak i` frdkrtf qkkc alàkjjltif` fo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`. ^kt. L~~. 1=l.

B{t thk af{rt af`qidkrkd thlt it hld `f ahfiak i` thk elttkrbkal{qk thk af`qtit{tif`lj tkreq* Alqkq l`d Af`trfvkr%qikq* [.Q. Af`qt. lrt. III* 2* }krk thf{mht by thk diqtriataf{rt `ft tf iàj{dk l aivij latif` i` }hiah thk f`jy ~k`di`majlie }lq l afe~{jqfry af{`tkrajlie ahljjk`mi`m thk jl}%o{j`kqq fo l TF rkmiqtrltif` dkaiqif`. ^kt. L~~. 18l

D. Thk Qkaf`d Aira{itq Dkaiqif`^ktitif`kr tiekjy l~~kljkd thk diqeiqqlj fo itq afe~{jqfry

af{`tkrajlie tf thk Qkaf`d Aira{it. ^ktitif`kr lrm{kd thlt itqqtlt{tfry rimht tf qkkc alàkjjltif` fo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`{`dkr


21/72

thk q~kaioia olatq fo thlt alqk. Id. (|{fti`m Jleb%]kqtf`*I`a. v. EaAli` Offdq* Jtd.* =8 O.1d ;4>* ;4? (Okd. Air.


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>2). Hkrk it iq {`diq~{tkd thlt rk%q~f`dk`tq afe~jli`t i`vfckd thk frimi`lj g{riqdiatif` af`%okrrkd by lt jklqt 28 [.Q.A.


27/72

8 (|{fti`m Bi`dkr{~ v. ^lthk Kxah.*I`a.*2?1 [.Q. 29; (


28/72

; Rkm%iqtrltif` iq i` thk ~{bjia dfeli` {`dkr ~ltk`t jl} l`d lqq{ah al` bk af~ikd i` kvkry dktlij by }hfkvkr ~jklqkq.Afe~af* 1=? [.Q. lt 218. Thk ^TFq iqq{làk fo thk 9>;Rkmiqtrltif` }lq i` dirkat f~~fqitif` tf thiq Af{rtq ~ltk`t~rkakdk`tq l`d thk qtrf`m okdkrlj ~fjiay olvfri`m thk o{jjl`d orkk {qk fo idklq i` thk ~{bjia dfeli`*Jklr* 19; [.Q. lt?=4. Thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` ~{r~frtq tf ie~fqk l dirkat rk%qtrli`t f` thk af`d{at fo ~ktitif`krq lthjktia offt}klr b{qi%`kqq. Ykt laafrdi`m tf thk dkaiqif` bkjf}* rkq~f`dk`t iq lbjktf kvldk g{diailj rkvik} fo thk vljidity fo thk ~{r~frtkd

trldkelrc dk~iatkd i` thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` l`d eli`tli`thlt rkmiqtrltif` ofr ~fqqibjk {qk lmli`qt o{t{rk ji`kq fo ~kti%tif`krq ~rfd{atq* bkal{qk rkq~f`dk`tq dkjivkry fo l afvk%`l`t `ft tf q{k q{~~fqkdjy f{qtkd thk diqtriat af{rt fo Lrti%ajk III g{riqdiatif` tf hklr ~ktitif`krq afe~{jqfry af{`tkr%ajlie ofr alàkjjltif` fo thk lqqkrtkd rkmiqtrltif`.

Th{q* {`dkr thk dkaiqif` bkjf}* thk rkq~f`dk`t ely af`%ti`{k tf lqqkrt itq 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` lmli`qt afe~ktitfrq*ahlrmi`m thke }ith iòri`mkek`t }ith klah `k} ji`k fo qhfkqthky ~rfd{ak. Ykt lotkr thk afe~ktitfr hlq bkk` ~{t thrf{mhthk kx~k`qk fo ~rk~lri`m itq dkok`qkq tf l trldkelrc i`%ori`mkek`t q{it l`d ~rk~lri`m itq afe~{jqfry af{`tkrajlie

ofr trldkelrc alàkjjltif`* thk trldkelrc f}`kr al` {ìjltkr%ljjy ~{jj thk ~j{m f` thk k`tirk jitimltif`* eli`tliì`m thk~rkq{e~tivkjy vljid qalrkarf} i`tkjjkat{lj ~rf~krty rimht tflqqkrt l`k} ld iòiìt{e. ([`jick ~ltk`tq* trldkelrcq hlvk`f tkre jieit.)

[`dkr thiq Af{rtq ~rkakdk`tq* l ~jli`tiooq qtrltkmialbl`dfèk`t fo itq ajlieq hlq `kvkr bkk` rkafmìwkd lq lblqiq ofr kxti`m{iqhi`m kithkr frimi`lj g{riqdiatif` {`dkr 28[.Q.A.


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(K.D. ^l. 2>>8) (qlek)3 Arfqqbf} Tkah.* Ià. v. YH Tkah.* ;1< O.Q{~~. 2d =) (qlek)3 QMQ Tffjq Af. v. Qtk~ Tffjq[`jieitkd* Ià.* @f. ;7>4A_? ]J 2849==< (@.D.Fhif 2>>?) (qlek)3 Aibkr* Ià v. Aibkr Af`q{jti`m* Ià.* 12?O. Q{~~. 2d 88?* 88= 91 (@.D. Ijj. 2>>4) (qlek)3 Lriqtl

Tkahq.* Ià. v. Lrth{r D. Jittjk K`tkrq.* Ià.* >) (qlek).


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>%2>>4* thk Qkaf`d l`d @i`thAira{itq laaf{`tkd ofr thk efqt l`d qkaf`d efqt* rkq~kativk%jy* trldkelrc alqkq ~kr aira{it l`d thlt tfmkthkr thk t}f air%a{itq laaf{`tkd ofr 48.1+ fo ljj trldkelrc alqkq i` thk `l%tif`lj qle~jk).

Thk |{kqtif` ~rkqk`tkd by thk ~ktitif` hkrk i`vfjvkq thkqlek ty~k fo Lrtiajk III g{riqdiatif`lj jieitltif` thlt thkAf{rt af`qidkrkd i` EkdIee{`k l`d Alrdi`lj Ahkeialj.Thk Af{rt i` thiq alqk hlq thk f~~frt{`ity tf elck l` i`ark%ek`tlj dkvkjf~ek`t i` itq alqk jl} af`qtr{i`m okdkrlj af{rtg{riqdiatif` i` thk af`tkxt fo ^TF mrl`t dkaiqif`q.

B. Thk R{jk L~~jikd Bkjf} Q{bvkrtq Qtrf`m ^{bjiaI`tkrkqtq i` ^kreitti`m _ljidity Ahljjk`mkq

Thk {`jl}o{j rkmiqtrltif` fo trldkelrc%kjimibjk q{bgkatelttkr iq dkkekd* by qtlt{tk* tf af`qtit{tk l` i`vlqif` fo thk


31/72

2>

jkmlj rimhtq fo l`y ~krqf` }hf bkjikvkq thlt hk iq fr }ijj bkdlelmkd . . . by thk rkmiqtrltif`. . Qhlri`m i` thk mffd}ijj fo l` lrtiajk {`~rftkatkd by~ltk`t fr trldk%elrc iq thk kxkraiqk fo l rimht ~fqqkqqkd by ljj l`d i` thk orkk kxkraiqk fo }hiah thk af`q{ei`m ~{bjia iqdkk~jy i`tkrkqtkd. Qklrq* Rfkb{ac / Af. v. Qtiookj Af. 1=?[.Q. 22;* 21< (; [.Q.

Lttfr`kyq ofr ^ktitif`kr84?29?2


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L~~k`dix L

G{`k 2>* 2>


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L~~k`dix L

2l

Yfrc (Riahlrd G. Q{jjivl`* G.) diqeiqqkd thk dkok`dl`tqaf{`tkrajlieq bkal{qk `f alqk fr af`trfvkrqy kxiqtkd{`dkr Lrtiajk III fo thk [ìtkd Qtltkq Af`qtit{tif`. ]klore.

BLACMRF[@D

>9* ~jli`tioo @ick* Ià. jkd l afe~jli`tlmli`qt dkok`dl`t Ljrkldy* JJA d&b&l Y{eq (Y{eq)*ljjkmi`m trldkelrc iòri`mkek`t* oljqk dkqim`ltif` fofrimi`* {òlir afe~ktitif`* l`d trldkelrc dij{tif` i`

vifjltif` fo


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L~~k`dix L

1l

o{rthkr ljjkmkd thlt Y{eq }lq qkjji`m offt}klr bklri`ml af`o{qi`mjy qieijlr ieitltif` fo thk Lir Ofrak < qhfk*i`aj{di`m qhfkq c`f}` lq Q{mlr l`d Qf{jgl Bfy.Id. lt 9* Y{eq jkd af{`tkrajlieq ofr ldkajlrltfry g{dmek t thlt thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` }lq `ft

i` olat l trldkelrc {`dkr


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4l

~kreitti`m tf bk ~rfqka{tkd l`y latif` i` jl} frk|{ity* lmli`qt SY{eqU fr l`y fo itq Sq{aakqqfrqfr rkjltkd k`titikq l`d thkir a{qtfekrqU* f`laaf{`t fo l`y ~fqqibjk al{qk fo latif` blqkdf` fr i`vfjvi`m trldkelrc iòri`mkek`t*{òlir afe~ktitif`* fr dij{tif`* {`dkr qtltk frokdkrlj jl} i` thk [ìtkd Qltkq SqiaU rkjlti`m

tf thk @ICK Elrc blqkd f` thk l~~klrlàkfo l`y fo SY{eqUq a{rrk`t l`d&fr ~rkvif{qofft}klr ~rfd{at dkqim`q* l`d l`y afjfrlbjkieitltif`q thkrkfo* rkmlrdjkqq fo }hkthkr thltofft}klr iq ~rfd{akd* diqtrib{tkd* fookrkd ofrqljk* ldvkrtiqkd* qfjd* fr fthkr}iqk {qkd iàfeekrak bkofrk fr lotkr thk Kookativk Dltkfo thiq Afvk`l`t.

1. Thk Diqtriat Af{rt ^rfakkdi`mq l`d Dkaiqif`

I` L~rij 2>* l ef`th lotkr @ick dkjivkrkd thkAfvk`l`t* thk Diqtriat Af{rt hkjd l hklri`m tf dktkrei`k

}hkthkr thk Afvk`l`t divkqtkd it fo q{bgkat elttkrg{riqdiatif` fvkr Y{eqq af{`tkrajlieq. Ljthf{mh @ickafàkdkd d{ri`m thk hklri`m thlt it }f{jd bk bf{`d bythk Afvk`l`t kvk` io Y{eq bkalek l afe~ktitivk thrklt*

Y{eq lrm{kd thlt l alqk fr af`trfvkrqy ~krqiqtkd bkal{qk@ickq jitimltif` %% l`d thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` itqkjo %%af`qtit{tkd l af`ti`{i`m jibkj lmli`qt Y{eq by elci`m itl~~klr thlt Y{eq hld iòri`mkd l`d af`ti`{kd tf iòri`mk@ickq trldkelrc. I` thk af{rqk fo itq lrm{ek`t* Y{eq

lac`f}jkdmkd thlt it hld `ft ~rkvif{qjy qf{mht tf alàkjthk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`* }hiah hld bkk` jkd `klrjy t}fyklrq klrjikr.


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L~~k`dix L

;l

Lotkr thk hklri`m* @ick efvkd ~{rq{l`t tf R{jk


38/72

L~~k`dix L

?l

F` Gl`{lry 2>* 2>> ([email protected]. 2>>8))* l`d thk lbqk`ak fo~rifr jitimltif` bkt}kk` @ick l`d Y{eq.Id. lt '; (aiti`m

IAFQ _iqif` Qyq. Afr~.* @._. v. Qal``kr Tkahq. Afr~.* ?99

O. Q{~~. 2d ??4* ?=>%=< ([email protected]. 2>) (Ahi`* G.)). ThkDiqtriat Af{rt thk` r{jkd thlt Y{eqq af{`tkrajlie ofral`akjjltif` fo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` {`dkr


39/72

L~~k`dix L

=l

ajlie al` lriqk f`jy lq ~lrt fo l qk~lrltk* i`dk~k`dk tjyq{~~frtlbjk latif`.Id. lt '?%=. Jlqtjy* }ithf{t hfjdi`m l`kvidk tilry hklri`m* thk Diqtriat Af{rt rkgkatkd Y{eqql~~jialtif` ofr lttfr`kyq okkq {`dkr thk Jl`hle Lat*


40/72

L~~k`dix L

8l

Kxak~t lq ~rfvidkd i` R{jk 4


41/72

L~~k`dix L

9l

olijkd tf qhf} }hkthkr thk dkok`dl`t af`qk`tkd tf R{jk4 [.Q. 22=* 24>%4< (.I` trldkelrc alqkq qkkci`m rkjiko {`dkr kithkr thkDkajlrltfry G{dmek`t Lat* 28 [.Q.A. 22>


42/72

L~~k`dix L

l

{~f` thk ji`m fo l` l~~rf~riltk ~jkldi`m* elydkajlrk thk rimhtq l`d fthkr jkmlj rkjltif`q fol`y i`tkrkqtkd ~lrty qkkci`m q{ah dkajlrltif`*

}hkthkr fr `ft o{rthkr rkjiko iq fr af{jd bkqf{mht.

28 [.Q.A. 22>


43/72

L~~k`dix L


44/72


45/72

L~~k`dix L


46/72

L~~k`dix L


47/72

L~~k`dix L

> [.Q. lt 24>. Bkal{qk f g{qtiailbjk lat{lj af`trfvkrqy kxiqtkdlotkr thk Diqtriat Af{rt diqeiqqkd @ickq ajlieq* l`y r{ji`m by thkDiqtriat Af{rt blqkd f` kithkr thk ~ftk`tilj i`vkqtfrq lodlvitqfr @ickq rkqkrvltif`q fo itq rimhtq tf q{k fvkr l o{t{rk af{`tkrokitqhfk }f{jd hlvk bkk` ldviqfry.


48/72

L~~k`dix L


49/72

L~~k`dix L


50/72

L~~k`dix L


51/72

L~~k`dix L


52/72

L~~k`dix L

2>l

1. Lttfr`kyq Okkq

]k rkvik} l` frdkr dk`yi`m lttfr`kyq okkq {`dkrthk Jl`hle Lat ofr lb{qk fo diqarktif`. Qkk Mfrdf` /

Brklah Qaik`ak ^{bjiqhkrq Q.L. v. Le. I`qt. fo ^hyqiaq*


53/72

L~~k`dix B

2* 2>9 Aiv. ?1?? (RGQ)

@ICK* I@A.*

^jli`tioo*

_KRQ[Q

LJRKLDY* JJA* D&B&L Y[EQ*

Dkok`dl`t.

EKEFRL@D[E L@D FRDKR

Gl`{lry 2>* 2>


54/72

L~~k`dix B

22l

I. BLACMRF[@D

L. Olatq

^jli`tioo* l` Frkmf` afr~frltif`* iq l jkldi`m dkqim`kr*elrcktkr* l`d diqtrib{tfr fo lthjktia offt}klr. (Afe~j. >8* jli`tioo hlq hkjd [.Q. TrldkelrcRkmiqtrltif` @f. 1*4;; (thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`) ofrl` lthjktia qhfk dkqim`* }hiah it ajlieq iq thk Lir Ofrak Idkqim`. (Id.


55/72

L~~k`dix B

21l

ljjkmkq thlt thkqk qhfkq i`ori`mk thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif`l`d itq afeef` jl} trldkelrc rimhtq (tfmkthkr* thk @ickelrc). (Id.


56/72

L~~k`dix B

24l

rkorli` orfe elci`m l`y ajlie(q) fr dkel`d(q)* fr orfeafeekài`m* al{qi`m* fr ~kreitti`m tf bk ~rfqka{tkd l`ylatif` i` jl} fr k|{ity lmli`qt Dkok`dl`t fr l`y rkjltkdk`titikq

f` laaf{`t fo l`y ~fqqibjk al{qk fo latif`blqkd f` fr i`vfjvi`m trldkelrc iòri`mkek`t*

{òlir afe~ktitif`* fr dij{tif`* {`dkr qtltk frokdkrlj jl} i` thk [ìtkd Qtltkq rkjlti`m tfthk @ick Elrc blqkd f` thk l~~klrlàk fol`y fo SDkok`dl`tqU a{rrk`t l`d&fr ~rkvif{qofft}klr ~rfd{at dkqim`q* l`d l`y afjfrlbjkieitltif`q thkrkfo* rkmlrdjkqq fo }hkthkr thltofft}klr iq ~rfd{akd* diqtrib{tkd* fookrkd ofrqljk* ldvkrtiqkd* qfjd* fr fthkr}iqk {qkd iàfeekrak bkofrk fr lotkr thk Kookativk Dltkfo thiq Afvk`l`t.

(Id.)

I` jimht fo thiq afvk`l`t* ^jli`tioo ~ktitif`kd thkAf{rt tf diqeiqq itq latif` l`d Dkok`dl`tq af{`tkrajlieq~{rq{l`t tf R{jk 4*l`d ^jli`tioojkd itq rk~jy f` Ely ;* 2>.


57/72

L~~k`dix B

2;l

II. DIQA[QQIF@

L. Qtl`dlrd fo Rkvik}

L alqk iq ~rf~krjy diqeiqqkd ofr jlac fo q{bgkat elttkrg{riqdiatif` {`dkr R{jk 8 [.Q. 81* 9;() (STUhk~lrty qkkci`m tf i`vfck thk q{bgkat elttkr g{riqdiatif`fo thk diqtriat af{rt ... bklrq thk b{rdk` fo dkef`qtrlti`mthlt thkrk iq q{bgkat elttkr g{riqdiatif` i` thk alqk.)(|{fti`m Qakjql v. Aity [`iv. fo @.Y.* =? O.1d 1=* 4> (2d

Air.


58/72

L~~k`dix B

2?l

Thk ~lrtikq diq~{tk* hf}kvkr* }hkthkr thk Af{rt elyrktli` g{riqdiatif` fvkr Dkok`dl`tq af{`tkrajlieq. Thkiqq{k iq }hkthkr* lotkr thk Elrah ;Rkmiqtrltif`. Ofr thk ofjjf}i`m rklqf`q* thk Af{rt hfjdq

thlt it dfkq `ft.


59/72

L~~k`dix B

2=l

a{rile)* lbrfmltkd f` fthkr mrf{`dq by EkdIee{`k*Ià. v. Mk`k`tkah* Ià.* ;49 [.Q. =). Laafrdi`mjy*thk Af{rt jlacq l{thfrity tf mrl`t l`y dkajlrltfry rkjiko{`jkqq bfth l okdkrlj |{kqtif` l`d l` lat{lj af`trfvkrqykxiqt.Id. Ldditif`ljjy* thk lat{lj af`trfvkrqy e{qt rkeli`thrf{mhf{t thk k`tirkty fo thk latif`* `ft ekrkjy lt thkiìtiltif` fo thk latif`.Bkìtka L{qtj.* Jtd. v. @{ajkfìaq*

Ià.* 49; O.1d * >=).

]hlt af`qtit{tkq l` lat{lj af`trfvkrqy iq }kjj qkttjkd.Blqialjjy* thk |{kqtif` i` klah alqk iq }hkthkr thk olatqljjkmkd* {`dkr ljj thk aira{eqtlàkq* qhf} thlt thkrk iq lq{bqtl`tilj af`trfvkrqy* bkt}kk` ~lrtikq hlvi`m ldvkrqkjkmlj i`tkrkqtq* fo q{ooiaik`t ieekdilay l`d rkljitytf }lrrl`t thk iqq{làk fo l dkajlrltfry g{dmek`t.

Elryjl`d Alq. Af. v. ^la. Aflj / Fij Af.* 1*2=1* (


60/72

L~~k`dix B

28l

hlvi`m ldvkrqk jkmlj i`tkrkqtq* fo q{oaik`t ieekdilayl`d rkljity tf }lrrl`t thk iqq{l`ak fo l dkajlrltfry

g{dmek`t) (i`tkr`lj |{ftltif` elrcq feittkd).

^rifr tfEkdIee{`k* thk Qkaf`d Aira{it hkjd thlt i`dkajlrltfry g{dmek`t latif`SqU i`vfjvi`m trldkelrcq*af{rtq lrk tf l~~jy l t}f%~rf`m tkqt tf dktkrei`k }hkthkr

l` lat{lj alqk fr af`trfvkrqy kxiqtq.Qkk Qtlrtkr* 84 O.1dlt ;9;. Q~kaialjjy* af{rtq lrk tf lqakrtli` (9 Aiv. =1;2 (GMC)*2> ]J 1?29;92* lt '4 ([email protected]. Qk~t.


61/72

L~~k`dix B

29l

fo l dkajlrltfry g{dmek`t i` frdkr ofr thk Af{rt tf rktli`g{riqdiatif` fvkr itq af{`tkrajlieq.EkdIee{`k* ;49 [.Q.lt > ([email protected]>>8).

Thk Elrah


62/72

L~~k`dix B

1>l

thkrkofrk* iq klqijy diqti`m{iqhlbjk orfe Dilef`dq. `ktl alqk aitkd by Dkok`dl`ti` }hiah G{dmk Hfj}kjjof{`d thlt thk af{rt rktli`kd q{bgkat elttkr g{riqdiatif`fvkr Dkok`dl`tq dkajlrltfry g{dmek`t af{`tkrajlieqlotkr thk ~jli`tioo kxka{tkd l afvk`l`t `ft tf q{k. Qkk

Dilef`dq.`kt* ;9> O. Q{~~. 2d lt ;9;. Thlt afvk`l`t did`ft kxti`m{iqh l`y g{qtiailbjk af`trfvkrqy bkal{qk* {`jick

thk Elrah O. Q{~~. 2d lt ?>>). Qktti`m lqidkthk olat thltlq ljrkldy kx~jli`kdok} `k} fr {~dltkd

~rfd{atq af{jd ~ftk`tiljjy iòri`mk thk @ick Elrc l`d `ftbk afvkrkd by thk Elrah O. Q{~~. 2d lt ;99 (|{fti`mQ}kkthklrt ^jlqtiaq* Ià.

iòri`mkd thk @ick Elrc }f{jd bk afjfrlbjk ieitltif`q fo thkQ{mlr fr Qf{jgl Bfy qhfkq. (El{rkr Dkaj.* Kx. L.)


63/72

L~~k`dix B

1


64/72


65/72

L~~k`dix B

11l

Rkmiqtrltif` af`ti`{kq tf i`tkrokrk }ith Y{eq lbijitytf alrry f` l jl}o{j b{qi`kqq i` elci`m l`d qkjji`m

Y[EQ%brl`dkd qhfkq. (Dko.q F~~` lt *qtltkq thlt* ljthf{mh hk hlq qkk` thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` l`d

thk Elrah ; Rkmiqtrltif` }lq alàkjjkdl`d it }lq ajklrjy kqtlbjiqhkd thlt @ick hlq `f rimht tffbgkat tf Y{eq SqiaU qljk fo qhfkq qieijlrtf Lir Ofrak I.(Id. (ke~hlqkq lddkd).)

Lq l` i` itilj elttkr* îrlq }ij j f`jy af`qidkri`vkqti`m i` Dkok`dl`t io thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` }lq

alàkjjkd l`d hk }lq lqq{rkd thlt @ick hlq `f rimhttf fbgkat tf qhfkq qieijlr tf thk Lir Ofrak I. (Qkk ljqf

Loo idlvit fo Cyjk Qah`lbjk* ?* dltkd L~rij 21* 2>(SIUo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` }lq alàkjjkd l`d it }lq ajklrjykqtlbjiqhkd thlt @ick hlq `f rimht tf fbgkat tf Y{eq SqiaUqljk fo qhfkq qieijlrtf thk Lir Ofrak I* I }f{jd qtrf`mjyrkaf`qidkr i`vkqti`m i` Dkok`dl`t.) (ke~hlqkq lddkd)3

Lodlvit fo Elrvi` ]ijqf`* ?* dltkd L~rij 2;* 2>(q{bqtl`tiljjy thk qlek).) Th{q* thkrk iq `f kvidkàkthlt kvk` thk alàkjjltif` fo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` }f{jd~krq{ldk i`vkqtfrq jick îrlq tf i`vkqt i` Dkok`dl`t.

Rlthkr* alàkjjltif` fo thk 9>; Rkmiqtrltif` f`jy eimht~krq{ldk thkqk i`vkqtfrq.


66/72

L~~k`dix B

14l

Ldditif`ljjy* thk Af{rt dfkq `ft ~jlak thk qlekqimìalàk lq îrlq f` thk diqtiàtif` bkt}kk` qhfkdkqim`q qieijlr tf thk Lir Ofrak I l`d dkqim`q thlt lrkafjfrlbjk ieitltif`q fo a{rrk`t dkqim`q by Dkok`dl`t.

Lq dkqaribkd lbfvk* thk Af{rt i`tkr~rktq thk ~hrlqkafjfrlbjk ieitltif`q i` thk Elrah 8% (@.D. Ijj. 2>>9) (qlek)3O{rei`ltfr* Ià. v. F`tkj ^rfdq. Afr~.* 24? O.R.D. ;=9*;9>%92 (K.D. Ef. 2>>=) (qlek)3 Arfqqbf} Tkah.* I a. v. YHTkah.* ;1< O. Q{~~. 2d


67/72

L~~k`dix B

1;l

Qkatif`


68/72

L~~k`dix B

1?l

af{`tkrajliekd ofr dkajlrltfry rkjiko l`d alàkjjltif * l`dthk` ofr ^jli`tiooq {ìjltkrlj kxka{tif` fo thk Elrah ; Rkmiqtrltif`.

Ljthf{mh qfek af{rtq i` fthkr diqtriatq hlvk lmrkkd}ith Dkok`dl`tq lrm{ek`t* qkk* k.m.* Blàrfot / Elqtkrq*

Ià. v. L{m{qtl @ltj * Ià.* 221 O.1d 82* 8; (9th Air.2>>>)* thk Af{rt iq l}lrk fo `f q{ah l{thfrity i` thiqAira{it. Tf thk af`trlry* l jf`m ji`k fo alqkq rkafmìwkqthlt Qkatif`


69/72

L~~k`dix B

1=l

~{rq{l`t tf Qkatif`


70/72

L~~k`dix B

18l

alqk }hkrk thkrk iq `f kxtl`t alqk fr af`trfvkrqy.Df}Gf`kq / Af.* Ià. v. Lbjliqk Jtd.* ?>? O.1d O. Q{~~. 2dlt ;9? (kx~jliì`m thlt }hijk okdkrlj g{riqdiatif` qhf{jd`ft bk q{bgkat tf thk ~lrtikq elì~{jltif`* l af{rt al``ftrkq~f`d tf g{riqdiatif`lj mlekqel`qhi~ by qie~jyaf`ti`{i`m tf kxkraiqk g{riqdiatif` {`jkqq Lrtiajk Ijjq alqk

fr af`trfvkrqy rk|{irkek`t iq ekt* lq it iq l` {`}livlbjkaf`qtit{tif`lj jieitltif` f` thk l{thfrity fo thk okdkrljaf{rtq)3 AIBKR* 12? O. Q{~~. 2d lt 892%91 (qlek).

Laafrdi`mjy* thk af{`tkrajlieq fo Dkok`dl`t lrkdiqeiqqkd ~{rq{l`t tf R{jk


71/72

L~~k`dix B

19l

ekritjkqq`kqq ljf`k `fr ie~rf~kr ~{r~fqk ljf`k }ijjq{oak. Qikrrl Aj{b v. [.Q. Lrey Afr~q fo K`mrq* ==?O.2d 181* 19> (2d Air. .2([email protected].


72/72

L~~k`dix B

4>l

Thk Ajkrc fo thk Af{rt iq dirkatkd tf tkrei`ltk thkeftif` jfaltkd lt Dfa. @f. 1; l`d tf ajfqk thiq alqk.

QF FRDKRKD.

&q&

RIAHLRD G. Q[JJI_L@

[@ITKD QTLTKQ DIQTRIAT G[DMKDltkd7 Gl`{lry 2>* 2>

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