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Alpha5 integrin dependent 3D attachment, appearance, and migration
(Not 2D)
(cell-derived)
(pliable)
Some early studies in 3-Dimensional Substrates: Bissell lab
• HMT-3522 Breast Epithelial cells– S-1: nonmalignant– T4-2: tumorigenic
• Grown on plastic: 2 cell lines appear similar• Grown in reconstituted basement membrane
(rBM):– S-1 cells form polarized, acinar structures in growth
arrest– T4-2 cells form nonpolarized, proliferating amorphous
structures
S-1 + anti-beta4
T4-2 + anti-beta1
Physiological relevance of blocking beta1 function:Cells in suspension, treated with anti-B1 antibody, injected SQ:
Reduced tumor number and size
AIIB2 = anti B1Tyrphosin = anti EGFRmAB225 = anti EGFR
•Reduced b1 levels•Reduced EGFR levels and activity
Grown in Basement Membrane
Active FAK, ILK and MAP Kinase downstream of beta1 and EGFR
Bissell & Radisky 2001
Studies with HMT-3522 cell lines grown in a reconstituted BM linkIntegrin signalling, adherens junction assembly, growth factorSignalling, and tissue structure differentiation
ECM/Microenvironment(Laminin)
Alpha6Beta4 integrin(Hemidesmosome targeting domain)
NF-kappaB translocationTo nucleus
Survival
Polarity/ Basement Membrane
•Beta4 integrin deletion (HTD)•Tailless beta4 integrin•Blocking Abs to alpha6 or beta4 integrin•Mutant IkappaBalpha•Proteosome inhibitor
Apoptosis
Drug Induced Apoptosis
Membrane Type I Matrix Metalloproteinase Usurps Tumor GrowthControl Imposed by the Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrix
Works in Collagen and Fibrin gels, not Matrigel; also in vivo
(uncleavable)
The Five Stages of Cell Migration
On 2D substrates: cells have fully mature focal contacts.In 3D substrates: clustered integrins couple to less-completely assembled focalinterations and a predominantly cortical actin cytoskeleton; stress fiber formation is rare.
x
x
x
LymphocytesNeutrophils
The abrogation of beta1 integrin function can generate single-cell dissemination.
Insert movie with melanoma explants
HT-1080 and MDA-MB-231 cells remain migratory afterpericellular proteolysis: compensation by mesenchymal-amoeboid transition.
First insert videos from this paper
Now insert dermis/ SQ video
Green = not treatedRed = pretreated with PIs
•Elongated, spindle-shaped•Beta1 integrin dependent •ECM-degrading enzymescolocalize with integrins
•Reduced elongation •Increased morphodynamic flexibility•Loss of focal beta1 integrin and MMP clustering at interactions with ECM•Less adhesion to collagens (lower 1 & B3•More diffuse cortical actin distribution
LymphocytesNeutrophils
Role of Rho family of GTPasesIn Mesenchymal-Amoeboid Transition
Effect of Rho and ROCK inhibitors on cells with a rounded vs. elongatedPhenotype - invasion into matrigel
Only rounded cells show a decrease in migration when treated.
3D in vitro matrigel
Tumor Xenograft
When grown in 2D, activation of Rho signalling completely inhibitsMotility of BE cells.
Effect of Rho levels on cellular phenotype
Comparison of A375M2 motility in 3D vs. 2D•Motility on 2D substrate is not blocked by Y27632 treatment
Here insert movies 3 & 4
Green= beta1 integrin ezrin
BE
M2
M2+ C3
M2+Y27…
A375M2 BE
-/+ Ezrin Dominant Neg.
WM266.4 Melanoma (mixed morphology) ??
Rounded motility driven by Rho or ROCK does not require pericellular proteolysis