1
. and thorax for more thorough cleaning and examina3on Must clean intes3nes Anatomy Lab Lasts from Oct Feb Occurs underground Educa3onal mo3va3on Goals My goal was to develop a curriculum teaching basic anatomy and physiology, integra3ng this learning into the common experience of alpaca butchering. Alpaca Matanzas Last approximately one hour Occur in many seAngs across the district of Nuñoa , both indoors and outdoors Life Cycle Es7mated Prevalence in the Area Pathology and Associated Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment Cys7c Echinococcosis (Hida7dosis) A recent study of 150 schoolchildren in Nuñoa showed a prevalence of about 7% Cysts in liver, lungs, and symptoms associated with the affected organs Dx: Ultrasound and CT/MRI/serology Tx: Surgical removal of cysts, PAIR procedure Preven3on: albendazole deworming of dogs Fasciola Hepa7ca (Common liver fluke) In Puno: 15.64% (hYp:// www.who.int/ bulle3n/archives/ 77(4)340.pdf) Carniceros I spoke to thought that levels were rising in Nuñoa, although this has not been studied When flukes migrate up bile ducts, symptoms from fever to abdominal pain, anemia, ascites, etc. may occur Dx: Fluke eggs in stool ELISA Western blot Tx: an3helmin3cs (triclabendazole) Curriculum Prepara7ons: 4 days of observa3ons in the “camal,” where most of the alpaca butchering (“matanza”) occurs in town every Thursday Observa3on of two home “matanzas” and par3cipa3on in one Interviews with two veterinarians in town and conversa3ons with several people who work with alpacas Research on local zoonoses Ini3ally programmed sessions at the camal, later at schools and an ar3san alpaca kniAng group Outcomes 6 classes with a total of about 125 students: 4 school groups, ages 1115 1 women´s alpaca ar3san group 1 group of carniceros (alpaca butchers) With 2 groups, I administered brief evalua3on before and acer the class I lec copies of the teaching materials with the president of the camal, the health center, and a local NGO Background Nuñoa, Peru is a community in the al#plano of Peru, located midway between Cusco and Puno, at an eleva3on of about 14,000 feet. I traveled to Nuñoa in 2010 and 2012, ini3ally for fieldwork for my undergraduate thesis in anthropology. This year, I returned from June 23 rd August 5 th , with the goals of con3nuing my rela3onship with the community, assis3ng with ongoing bicultural anthropology projects there, and exploring some aspects of the interac3ons between animal and human health in the region (the focus of this poster). Anatomía en los Cerros: Compara7ve Health and Anatomy Project in the Peruvian Andes Alyse Wheelock MS2, University of MassachuseQs Medical School About Nuñoa Over the years, this rural community has been transformed by many of the widespread historical and social changes affec3ng Peru from the agrarian reforms in the six3es to the Shining Path terrorism of the eigh3es to the neoliberalism that followed President Fujimori’s policies in the nine3es. Nuñoa remains a predominantly Quechua community with a livelihood based on livestock, in par3cular, sheep and alpacas, which are used both for their fibers and meat. The years since the six3es have brought many changes, including running water and electricity across much of the district and the crea3on of a Ministry of Health network providing basic health care. Both Midline dissec3on Use planes of fascia to facilitate the dissec3on Remove organs in the abdomen Alpaca Matanzas Last approx. 1 hour Occur in many seAngs across the district of Nuñoa, both indoors and outdoors Cardiovascular system: Basic anatomy of the heart, path of blood through the heart Atherosclerosis and the stressed heart Stethoscope basics Hearthealthy diets Lungs: Basic anatomy and physiology Changes to the lungs due to chronic smoke exposure (e.g. use of tradi3onal kitchens without chimneys, as in the image to the right) Liver: Basic anatomy and physiology Effects of alcohol on the liver (a common health problem in Nuñoa) Effects of fasciola hepa3ca and cys3c echinococcosis on the liver (see image to the right from cal.vet.upenn.edu) I. Basic anatomy and physiology, focusing on heart, lungs, liver II. Common zoono3c diseases in the area III. Mapping the Body PuTng it all together: Mapping the body Graci Acknowledgments Gracias a: MVP Alexis Pérez Dr. Moises Sierra Zuñiga Dr. Louis Fazen Drs. Chin and Moormann Dr. Brooke Thomas and Dr. Tom Leatherman Morgan Hoke, Meagan Mazzarino, Samya Stumo, and Madison Edens Obstacles and Feasibility The camal leadership was ini3ally very interested in hos3ng a talk, but canceled several 3mes, based on 3me constraints during the Thursday matanzas. Ul3mately, we were able to coordinate a brief talk, but outside the camal, using the internal organs of the alpacas instead of the en3re animals. I also lacked transporta3on to more rural parts of the district, where I would have liked to do more classes. The organs for the classes cost approximately $1.50 for each class. I believe these classes can be con3nued with the materials I lec behind. Pretest Posttest Aggregated responses to body mapping exercise (ar7san group). Lungs Heart Liver Stomach 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of students Score (out of 8) Paired Pre and Posttest Scores for 2 Groups Before Acer n = 32 Onetailed paired t test: p = 0.0033

Alpaca!Matanzas! · 2015-09-26 · and!thorax!for!more!thorough!cleaning!and!examinaon ! Mustclean!intes3nes ! Anatomy!Lab!! Lasts!from!Oct8!Feb! Occursunderground Educaonal!mo3vaon!

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Page 1: Alpaca!Matanzas! · 2015-09-26 · and!thorax!for!more!thorough!cleaning!and!examinaon ! Mustclean!intes3nes ! Anatomy!Lab!! Lasts!from!Oct8!Feb! Occursunderground Educaonal!mo3vaon!

                                       .    

       

and  thorax  for  more  thorough  cleaning  and  examina3on  Must  clean  intes3nes  

Anatomy  Lab    Lasts  from  Oct  -­‐  Feb  Occurs  underground  Educa3onal  mo3va3on  

Goals      My  goal  was  to  develop  a  curriculum  teaching  basic  anatomy  and  physiology,  integra3ng  this  learning  into  the  common  experience  of  alpaca  butchering.    

 

Alpaca  Matanzas  Last  approximately  one  

 hour  

Occur  in  many  seAngs  across  the  district  of  Nuñoa,  both  indoors  

and  outdoors  

  Life  Cycle Es7mated  Prevalence  in  the  

Area

Pathology  and  Associated  Symptoms

Diagnosis  and  Treatment

Cys7c  Echinococcosis  (Hida7dosis)

  A  recent  study  of  150  schoolchildren  in  Nuñoa  showed  a  prevalence  of  about  7%

Cysts  in  liver,  lungs,  and  symptoms  associated  with  the  affected  organs

Dx:  Ultrasound  and  CT/MRI/serology      Tx:  Surgical  removal  of  cysts,  PAIR  procedure  Preven3on:  albendazole  deworming  of  dogs

Fasciola  Hepa7ca  (Common  liver  fluke)

  In  Puno:  15.64%  (hYp://www.who.int/bulle3n/archives/77(4)340.pdf)        Carniceros  I  spoke  to  thought  that  levels  were  rising  in  Nuñoa,  although  this  has  not  been  studied

When  flukes  migrate  up  bile  ducts,  symptoms  from  fever  to  abdominal  pain,  anemia,  ascites,  etc.  may  occur  

Dx:  Fluke  eggs  in  stool    ELISA  Western  blot    Tx:  an3helmin3cs  (triclabendazole)  

Curriculum    

Prepara7ons:  •  4  days  of  observa3ons  in  the  “camal,”  where  most  

of  the  alpaca  butchering  (“matanza”)  occurs  in  town  every  Thursday  

•  Observa3on  of  two  home  “matanzas”  and  par3cipa3on  in  one  

•  Interviews  with  two  veterinarians  in  town  and  conversa3ons  with  several  people  who  work  with  alpacas  

•  Research  on  local  zoonoses    •  Ini3ally  programmed  sessions  at  the  camal,  later  at  

schools  and  an  ar3san  alpaca  kniAng  group  

 

Outcomes  •  6    classes  with  a  total  of  about  125  students:  

•  4  school  groups,  ages  11-­‐15  •  1  women´s  alpaca  ar3san  group  •  1  group  of  carniceros  (alpaca  butchers)  

•  With  2  groups,  I  administered  brief  evalua3on  before  and  acer  the  class    •  I  lec  copies  of  the  teaching  materials  with  the  president  of  the  camal,  the  

health  center,  and  a  local  NGO    

 

           

         

Background      Nuñoa,  Peru  is  a  community  in  the  al#plano  of  Peru,  located  midway  between  Cusco  and  Puno,  at  an  eleva3on  of  about  14,000  feet.  I  traveled  to  Nuñoa  in  2010  and  2012,  ini3ally  for  fieldwork  for  my  undergraduate  thesis  in  anthropology.  This  year,  I  returned  from  June  23rd  -­‐  August  5th,  with  the  goals  of  con3nuing  my  rela3onship  with  the  community,  assis3ng  with  ongoing  bicultural  anthropology  projects  there,  and  exploring  some  aspects  of  the  interac3ons  between  animal  and  human  health  in  the  region  (the  focus  of  this  poster).    

 

Anatomía  en  los  Cerros:    Compara7ve  Health  and  Anatomy  Project    

in  the  Peruvian  Andes    

Alyse  Wheelock    MS2,  University  of  MassachuseQs  Medical  School  

About  Nuñoa    Over  the  years,  this  rural  community  has  been  transformed  by  many  of  the  widespread  historical  and  social  changes  affec3ng  Peru  -­‐  from  the  agrarian  reforms  in  the  six3es  to  the  Shining  Path  terrorism  of  the  eigh3es  to  the  neo-­‐liberalism  that  followed  President  Fujimori’s  policies  in  the  nine3es.  Nuñoa  remains  a  predominantly  Quechua  community  with  a  livelihood  based  on  livestock,  in  par3cular,  sheep  and  alpacas,  which  are  used  both  for  their  fibers  and  meat.  The  years  since  the  six3es  have  brought  many  changes,  including  running  water  and  electricity  across  much  of  the  district  and  the  crea3on  of  a  Ministry  of  Health  network  providing  basic  health  care.  

Both  Midline  dissec3on  

 Use  planes  of  fascia  to  facilitate  the  dissec3on  

 Remove  

organs  in  the  abdomen  

 

Alpaca  Matanzas  Last  approx.  1  hour  

Occur  in  many  seAngs  across  the  district  of  Nuñoa,  both  indoors  

and  outdoors    

Cardiovascular  system:    •  Basic  anatomy  of  the  heart,  path  of  blood  

through  the  heart  •  Atherosclerosis  and  the  stressed  heart  •  Stethoscope  basics  •  Heart-­‐healthy  diets    

Lungs:  

•  Basic  anatomy  and  physiology  •  Changes  to  the  lungs  due  to  chronic  

smoke  exposure  (e.g.  use  of  tradi3onal  kitchens  without  chimneys,  as  in  the  image  to  the  right)  

 

Liver:    •  Basic  anatomy  and  physiology  •  Effects  of  alcohol  on  the  liver  (a  common  

health  problem  in  Nuñoa)  •  Effects  of  fasciola  hepa3ca  and  cys3c  

echinococcosis  on  the  liver  (see  image  to  the  right  from  cal.vet.upenn.edu)  

I.  Basic  anatomy  and  physiology,  focusing  on  heart,  lungs,  liver  II.  Common  zoono3c  diseases  in  the  area  III.  Mapping  the  Body    

PuTng  it  all  together:  Mapping  the  body      

Graci  

Acknowledgments    Gracias  a:  MVP  Alexis  Pérez      Dr.  Moises  Sierra  Zuñiga    Dr.  Louis  Fazen    Drs.  Chin  and  Moormann    Dr.  Brooke  Thomas  and  Dr.  Tom  Leatherman        Morgan  Hoke,  Meagan  Mazzarino,  Samya  Stumo,  and  Madison  Edens  

Obstacles  and  Feasibility    

The  camal  leadership  was  ini3ally  very  interested  in  hos3ng  a  talk,  but  canceled  several  3mes,  based  on  3me  constraints  during  the  Thursday  matanzas.  Ul3mately,  we  were  able  to  coordinate  a  brief  talk,  but  outside  the  camal,  using  the  internal  organs  of  the  alpacas  instead  of  the  en3re  animals.      I  also  lacked  transporta3on  to  more  rural  parts  of  the  district,  where  I  would  have  liked  to  do  more  classes.    The  organs  for  the  classes  cost  approximately  $1.50  for  each  class.  I  believe  these  classes  can  be  con3nued  with  the  materials  I  lec  behind.    

 

Pre-­‐test   Post-­‐test  

Aggregated    responses    to  body  mapping  exercise  (ar7san  group).    

Lungs  Heart  Liver  Stomach    

0  

1  

2  

3  

4  

5  

6  

7  

8  

9  

10  

0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8  

Num

ber  o

f  stude

nts  

Score  (out  of  8)  

Paired  Pre-­‐  and  Post-­‐test  Scores  for  2  Groups  

Before  

Acer  

n  =  32    One-­‐tailed  paired  t  test:    p  =  0.0033