Assignment: Educational Policy & Planning Topic: overview of 1st Four Developmental plan w.r.t Education (Allocation of funds+ Targets)

Submitted to: Dr. Muhammad Javeed Iqbal

Submitted by: Anjum zaman Akbar (142204)

Bilal Iqbal (142208)

Shahzaib Aslam()

Muneeb Akbar()

Ayesha safdar()

M.A Education Leadership & Management(2014-16)

Division of Education

University of Education, Township Lahore

Allocation of Funds In 1st Four 5 Year development Programs

subsectors 1st (Total: 581 million…..6.2%)

2nd (Total: 1423 Million…7.5%)

3rd (Total: 2674 Million)

4th (Total: 3665 Million)

Primary Education

18% 14.7% 13.6% 14.6%

Secondary Education

26.7% 16.7% 20.8% 18.4%

Teacher education

6.6% 4.7% 3.5% 4%

Technical Education

8.8% 15.6% 26% 25.2% (engg. College & Universities also included)

College & Universities

28.1% 23% 19.3% 19.3%

Scholarships 0.9% 10.8% 7.1% 7.3%

Scientific & Industrial Research

9.1% 6.8% - -

Social & Cultural Activities

1.8% 3.6% - -

Miscellaneous - 4.1% 9.7% 11.2%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100%

Primary Education

1st: Existing Schools would be improved.

Approx. 4500 new ones to be opened. The %age of primary schools teachers would be increased from 65% to

85%. The Main Aim was to Increase the enrollment rate in primary school by

decreasing drop-out rate. But by the End of plan Period, Actual enrollment was 440,000 instead of

anticipated increase in one million.

2nd: Universalization of Primary Education.

4,689 new primary school added. Enrollment rate increase at 690,000 The participation rate increased from 36 % to 45%

3rd: Increase newly added schools

Increase enrollment rate This affect the quality of education …because adequate supply of qualified

teachers. A slight improvement in participation as well as retention rate was achieved

(Participation rate: 45-46 % & Retention rate: 50-55%)

4th: Primary education was announced to be free & universalized. The target of universal primary education was set to be achieved by 1973,

But due to Financial Constraints the new targets date was fixed at 1979 for boys & 1989 for Girls.

Free Books 1300 new schools open against the Target of 38000.

Secondary Education

1st: The aim was to develop multi-purpose secondary school to give students the sense of pride in their culture & history, technical & commercial knowledge.

Accordingly to plan some primary school were planned to be up-graded to the level of primary school.

Existing school to be strengthened & 75 new schools to be established.

2nd: Various measures were taken to strengthen secondary education. Science education was extended to classes IX & X. New Pilot school & Model schools were opened to diversified curricula like

industrial arts, agriculture & home economics. Curricula were improved & modernized. New school added. Additional enrollment in the sec. schools was about 100,000 But this only

23 % of the Target.

3rd: Expansion of science Education. Expansion of new school & colleges. Diversification of course was continued & new comprehensive schools were

established to provide a wide range of subjects especially in science fields. This program reviewed a serious setback because the enrollment of science

students…increased by about 100% by the big problem was the non-availability of adequately qualified teacher science & technology.

Similarly, the Pilot secondary school introduced…..due to this comprehensive school lost their identity & innovation after becoming the part of general stream of secondary education.

4th: proposal were made to expand enrollment in science & to keep the enrollment

in Arts constant at 60-70%.

In 1975 only 17% of the relevant age group(10-14 years) attended secondary level education. i.e. 27% boys & 6% girls.

This Low rate of enrollment was probably due to two reasons.1. Disparity in the educational facilities b/w Rural & Urban Areas.2. Impediments to the flow of students from primary to secondary level.

Diversified curricula in agro-technical & commercial education. More emphasis on technical education.

Higher Education

1st: Teacher Training for college improvement. Scholarships…to facilitate students at higher level.

2nd: significant advances were made in physical facilities such as; buildings,

equipment, laboratories etc.

Concentrate on teaching & research activities. 10 new colleges were opened. The duration of agriculture & engineering education was extended to 6 & 4

year after X & XII respectively. The duration of the first degree program in general field of education was

also extended to 3 years….But the proposal was dropped by the government as a result of public outcry & strong protest & demonstration from the students.

New dept., IER, Equipment center & a Bureau of Education were also established.

3rd: At higher level, special colleges of science were started in some fields.

New doctoral programs were started in some fields. New department were opened.

4th: The area of higher education received much attendance.

The facilities at university level were also expanded.

New university are opened at the end of 1970…..this number is almost double.

AIOU Revision of universities ordinance Growth in student’s enrolment is….5% Arts & 10% Science. Center of Excellence & Area study center were established.

Proposal were made to decrease enrolment in Arts subjects from 60-30% & to expand enrollment in Technical & science subjects by 40 & 30 5 respectively at college level. UGC National institute of modern languages at federal level. National institute of Psychology at federal level. Semester system adopted in universities in 1976…..but later abolished in

early 18’s……but this is not accepted due to malpractice of teachers.

Technical education

1st: Training within industry 2 poly technics established. Main Aim to produce 650 graduates engineering & 950 qualified

engineering technicians per year.

2nd: Improve and expand technical education. Board of technical education was setup. New polytechnic+ technic & commercial institute were opened. Engineering college in Lahore upgraded to Engineering University & post

graduate studies in civil, mechanical & electrical engg. Were introduced. Enrollment at degree level was increased by 1630 & at diploma level by

4100.

3rd: Large expand in technical edu. 24 % of total expenditure of education.

But low progress in this field due to Lack of contribution the private sector.

Progress in engg. Edu. At university level remains very slow.

(In 4th development program there is no charter for Technical education)

Teacher education

1st: Existing schools will be improved. Teacher training institutes will be opened. (25 for Primary teachers & 2 for

secondary teachers ) 2 new colleges were opened. Education extension center were also planned to provide refresher

courses….But unluckily the plan was delayed until 1957.

2nd: Almost the whole target set for teacher education….which was almost achieved by the end of the plan period.

Education extension center open for in-service & also for pre-service trainings of teachers.

3rd: The number of primary teachers rose from 1, 84000 to at least 3, 50000.

In-service training & research facilities were also offered to get better quality of teaching methodologies.

4th: Quality of training programs was enhanced.

Additional educational courses were added at Matriculation level to provide more primary level teachers.

Subject of “Education” was introduced at secondary, Inter & at degree level.

Additional Reforms in developmental PlansIn 2nd Plan:

Implementation & Evaluation cell established. Co-ordination b/w dept. of Education & the Federal Ministry was

improved. Establishes National Book Centre. Establishes Bureau of Education. Establishes Text Book Board.In 3rd Plan:

Scholarships funds will increase from 42,000 to 70,000

In 4th plan: Higher education upgraded in universities level…. & colleges were

opened at tehsil level. Nationalization:-

o Nationalization of the private institutions is started…78 colleges in Punjab & 100 in Sindh & 1600 school were nationalized.

Curriculum & Text booko Make Curriculum & text books to achieve National cohesion &

harmony among all the provinces.o Provide National curriculum in all regions of the country.

National Book Foundation Islamic Studies…compulsory till Matric level Curriculum research & Development centers Curriculum must be focused on Pakistan Ideology. Examination system is improved. Student Welfare Program. More focus on educational Administrations.

Reference:- Iqbal Muhammad H.2011, Ch#4: Education in Pakistan (Developmental Milestone), Paramount publishing Enterprise, Lahore.