[Alley, 2013]

Teaching Slides: Overview

The Craft of Scientific Presentations

Michael AlleyCollege of EngineeringPennsylvania State University

[estevejobs.com]

[TED.com]

[Alley, 2013]

To excel in your presentations, you will need content, passion, and a keen sense of the audience

[www.psyclops.com]

[ted.com]

[www.wildchimpanzees.org]

[Alley, 2013]

audience

purpose occasion

You begin preparing a scientific presentationby analyzing your constraints

what they know why they are there

to inform

to persuade

time

room

[Alley, 2013]

*

To excel in your scientific presentations, you guideyour audience up the mountain of your work

Orienting audience at the start

Keeping audienceon the path

Appreciatingthe view

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

Slides influence the preparation, delivery, and understanding of a scientific presentation

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

[estevejobs.com]

A key assumption is that slides are neededfor that part of the presentation

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

Beginnings prepare the audience for the work

pre-combustion methods

post-combustion methods

combustion methods

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[Alley, 2013]

Success involves defining a valuable scope and a satisfying depth

unknown

Valuable

Satisfying

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[Alley, 2013]

Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events (AMDEs) in Polar Regions

During Arctic Spring

Stuart Apple, Kerry Cho, Dale GrayEnvironmental Engineering Department

22 October 2011

A common error in the beginning of scientific talks is to leave the audience behind

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

Determining Whether Atmospheric Mercury Goes into Surface Snow after a Depletion Event

Katrine AspmoTorunn BergNorwegian Institute for Air Research

Grethe WibetoeUniversity of Oslo, Dept. of Chemistry

June 16, 2004

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

01.01 02.03 01.05 30.06 29.08 28.10 27.12

ng/m3

Event

Ny-Ålesund

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Introduction Background Theory for Hg Cycling Measurements from Station

Atmospheric Hg Surface Snow Hg

Environmental Implications Conclusions Acknwoledgments Questions

A common error in the mapping of scientific talks is to show a list that is not memorable

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

This talk traces what happens to mercury after it depletes from the atmosphere in arctic regions

Environmental implications

Measurements from StationTheory for mercury cycling

[Alley, 2013]

*

To excel in your scientific presentations, you guideyour audience up the mountain of your work

Keeping audienceon the path

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

Another assumption is that the slides we project should differ from our handout

≠

[Alley, 2013]

©Lars Erik Johannessen

Our research question is whether the dunlins of Iceland and the Baltic Sea are different subspecies

Iceland

BalticSea

[commons.wikimedia.org]

[Alley, 2013]

PowerPoint’s defaults arose before much research on slidesand have not changed significantly

1987

2003

2007

[Gomes 2007] [Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

PowerPoint’s defaults run counter to how people learn

Does not filter noise

Leads to too many words

Consumes valuable space

[Garner et al., 2009]

[Alley, 2013]

The assertion–evidence structure consists of a message headline supported by visual evidence

[Settles, 2002]

scentsource

The way a dog sniffs does not contaminate the vapor stream from the scent source

[Settles et al., 2002]

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

scentsource

The way a dog sniffs does not contaminate the vapor stream from the scent source

[Settles et al., 2002]

[Alley, 2013]

scentsource

The way a dog sniffs does not contaminate the vapor stream from the scent source

[Settles et al., 2002]

[Alley, 2013]

The first step is to write a sentence headline that statesthe main message of the slide

sentenceheadline

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A succession of electron acceptors occurs when an aquifer becomes contaminated with oil

CH4CH4 SO4SO42−2−

FeFe 3+3+ NO3

Mn

NO3

Mn

−−

4+4+

O2O2

––––––

OilOil

Flow

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[Alley, 2013]

A data acquisition system changes the form of the dataA digital acquisition system has to sample at a ratefast enough to retain the shape of the analog signal

Analog-to-Digital Converter

MeasurementDevice

Digital Acquisition System Sampling

Vibration measured by accelerometer– Analog voltage produced– Sinusoidal shape

Analog signal converted to digital signal Signal sampled at a specific rate Rate → high enough to retain analog shape

[Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

A digital acquisition system has to sample at a ratefast enough to retain the shape of the analog signal

Analog-to-Digital Converter

MeasurementDevice

[Alley, 2013]

The second step is to find or create visual evidence that supports the sentence headline

visualevidence

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[Alley, 2013]

Most streams were classified in fair condition because of high chloride concentrations

Delaware River Parks:

79% Fair

Chloride caused most problems

Western Pennsylvania Parks:

75% Fair

Chloride caused most problems

West Virginia Parks:

48% Fair

Sulfate caused most problem

[Alley, 2013]

Since its construction in 1952, traffic across the bridgehas grown exponentially

19521.1 million vehicles

[Maryland Transportation Authority, 2007]

[Alley, 2013]

Since its construction in 1952, traffic across the bridgehas grown exponentially

19611.5 million

19521.1 million

[Maryland Transportation Authority, 2007]

[Alley, 2013]

Since its construction in 1952, traffic across the bridgehas grown exponentially

19611.5 million

[Maryland Transportation Authority, 2007]

19521.1 million

200727 Million

[Alley, 2013]

Normalized friction factors and Nusselt numbers correlated our data with the data of others

Reynolds Number

Nuo, fo

TwallTinletHeat Flux, q˝

h

Nu

Tbulk

Pressure Drop

Friction Factor, f22 bulkair

htap

ux

DdPf

4.08.00 PrRe023.0 Nu

2.00 Re046.0 f

air

h

k

DhNu

Pressure Taps ThermocouplesVenturi Meter Voltmeter

[Alley, 2013]

At typical highway speeds, overcoming drag requires about two-thirds of a truck engine’s output

[McCallen, 2004]

Aerodynamic DragCD = 0.6

Rolling Friction and Accessories

[Alley, 2013]

≠

A data acquisition system changes the form of the dataA digital acquisition system has to sample at a ratefast enough to retain the shape of the analog signal

Analog-to-Digital Converter

MeasurementDevice

Another assumption is that the slides that we project are for our audience, rather than for us

[Alley, 2013]

The third step in creating assertion-evidence slides is to change the defaults of PowerPoint

[Alley, 2013]

Before:

Tsunamis cause devastating destruction, especially to sparsely vegetated areas.

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Gleebruk Village, Sri LankaAfter:

http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/14.html

PPT’s defaults

crowd this slide

[Alley, 2013]

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Gleebruk Village, Sri Lanka

Before

Tsunamis cause devastating destruction, especially to sparsely vegetated areas

After

[homepage.mac.com/demark/]

Sparse

SparseSparse

[Alley, 2013]

June 23, 2008 2008 ASEE Annual Conference -- Pittsburgh

Questions ?

A common error in the endings of scientific talks is to waste the last slide

[Alley, 2013]

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Adsorbed HOAc allows the growth of siderite

A thick siderite layer protects the steel from corrosion

Questions?

In summary, high concentrations of acetic acidhelp protect steel from corrosion

SteelFe3+x O4-y

FeCO3

[Alley, 2013]

Many engineers and scientists have had successusing the assertion-evidence approach

writing.engr.psu.edu/speaking.html

[Alley, 2013]

In scientific presentations, speakers fashion most words on the spot, but after planning and practice

Memorized

Read

Impromptu

Fashioned on spotafter planning

[Alley, 2013]

In her TED talk, Patek focused on the content andher passion for the ideas

Sheila Patek[TED.com]

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Hans Rosling

Passion leads to preparation which then leads to confidence

[TED.com]

[Marshall, 2008; Alley, 2013]

[Alley, 2013]

In summary, to excel in your presentations, you will need content, passion, and an acute sense of audience

[www.psyclops.com]

[ted.com]

[www.wildchimpanzees.org]