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CLASSROOM HO
PILE LOAD TEST
BY
PSBANSOD
3 rd May 2013
21 June 2013
CLASSIFICATION OF PILES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
bull DRIVEN PILES (DISPLACEMENT PILES )
bull BORED ndashCAST-IN-SITU (REPLACEMENT PILES )
DRIVEN PILES
1 Timber steel precast concrete piles formed by driving tubes or shells and then casting concrete
2 Driven piles cause displacement and disturbance of adjacent soil
3 Driving can be done by repeatedly raising and dropping a weight on the pile head or anvil or in favorable conditions vibration can be used
DRIVEN PILES
bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES
A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)
Driven Piles
SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft
2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions
3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming
4 No disturbance to surrounding soil
e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)
Shaft Construction
Craig 6th Ed
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
CLASSIFICATION OF PILES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
bull DRIVEN PILES (DISPLACEMENT PILES )
bull BORED ndashCAST-IN-SITU (REPLACEMENT PILES )
DRIVEN PILES
1 Timber steel precast concrete piles formed by driving tubes or shells and then casting concrete
2 Driven piles cause displacement and disturbance of adjacent soil
3 Driving can be done by repeatedly raising and dropping a weight on the pile head or anvil or in favorable conditions vibration can be used
DRIVEN PILES
bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES
A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)
Driven Piles
SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft
2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions
3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming
4 No disturbance to surrounding soil
e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)
Shaft Construction
Craig 6th Ed
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
DRIVEN PILES
1 Timber steel precast concrete piles formed by driving tubes or shells and then casting concrete
2 Driven piles cause displacement and disturbance of adjacent soil
3 Driving can be done by repeatedly raising and dropping a weight on the pile head or anvil or in favorable conditions vibration can be used
DRIVEN PILES
bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES
A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)
Driven Piles
SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft
2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions
3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming
4 No disturbance to surrounding soil
e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)
Shaft Construction
Craig 6th Ed
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
DRIVEN PILES
bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES
bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES
A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)
Driven Piles
SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft
2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions
3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming
4 No disturbance to surrounding soil
e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)
Shaft Construction
Craig 6th Ed
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)
Driven Piles
SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft
2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions
3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming
4 No disturbance to surrounding soil
e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)
Shaft Construction
Craig 6th Ed
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft
2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions
3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming
4 No disturbance to surrounding soil
e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)
Shaft Construction
Craig 6th Ed
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)
Shaft Construction
Craig 6th Ed
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
area of pile tip x pressure at tip
Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance
Ultimate Load Qf
area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft
Qf = qfAb + fsAs
where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile
Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip
fs = skin friction between pile and soil
As = surface area of pile shaft
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
DRIVEN TIMBER PILES
bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash
OR
200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG
250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG
300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG
Length can be increased by splicing
POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
DRIVEN STEEL PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm
bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m
bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES
bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES
PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998
NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000
SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004
MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008
MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009
SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011
LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES
1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)
2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash
HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA
THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES
bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm
bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m
bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T
bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE
bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE
bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS
bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES
DIAMETER mm
300 mm
500 mm
600 mm
760 mm
900 mm
1000 mm
1200 mm
1300 mm
1500 mm
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION
) IN T
30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700
LATERAL LOAD IN T
- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15
TENSION LOAD 60
COMPRESSION IN T
18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES
DIAMETER mm
1600 1800
2000
2400
2500
3000
AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )
IN T
450 900 650 750 1000 2000
TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES
STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
CONCRETE PILES
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
LNG JETTY COCHIN
SOHAR BULK JETTY
RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE
BANDRA
GANGA BRIDGE
BAKHTIARPUR
MEGHINA BRIDGE
BANGLADESH
MTHL BRIDGE
MUMBAI
BY AFCONS BY AFCONS
BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
INITIAL LOAD TESTS
ON NON WORKING PILES
FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD
FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS
ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES
FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD
FOR
AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)
HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)
UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST
bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile
bull Design Load -400 T
bull Type of Test ndash Initial
bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T
bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T
bull Ground Condition ndash on land
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST
bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T
bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS
bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
KENTLEDGE METHOD
bull Main Requirements
1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder
2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders
3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads
4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders
5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity
6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1
1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test
arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a
distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile
4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2
5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile
6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks
7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage
beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3
9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2
SBC
10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner
11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers
12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks
13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4
14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc
15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence
16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min
17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5
18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets
19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations
20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6
21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria
a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm
b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm
22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7
23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site
24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders
25Remove primary girders
26Remove supporting concrete blocks
27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8
28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores
29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores
30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST
1 Being used in India for last 60 years
2 Being used all over world for last 80 years
3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles
4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile
5 Confirms the design of pile
6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)
2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days
3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days
4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days
5 Special fabrication of girders required
6 Quite a large cost involved
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
Alternative Methods to Static Load Test
1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test
2 Osterberg Load Cell Test
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
Load test by Kent ledge method
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
Load test by Kent ledge method
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai
Load settlement curve for TP2
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Obs
erve
d Se
ttlem
ent o
f Pile
(mm
) First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
Load settlement curve for TP4
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON
1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI
-400
-360
-320
-280
-240
-200
-160
-120
-080
-040
000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Load in Tons
Ob
serv
ed
Sett
lem
en
t o
f P
ile (
mm
)
First Cycle
Second Cycle
Third Cycle
1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm
2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm
3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS
Test No Pile
Length Test Load
Total
Settlemen
t
Net
Settlemen
t
Elastic
Rebound
TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm
TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)
bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)
bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD
bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD
bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD
bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN
bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE
bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD
bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD
bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M
bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)
bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD
bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF
BARRAPULLA DELHI
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA
000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)
SETT
LEM
ENT
(mm
)
10 TH CYCLE
9TH CYCLE
8TH CYCLE
7TH CYCLE
6TH CYCLE
5TH CYCLE
1ST TO 4TH
CYCLE
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
Barrette pull out test at Chennai
central
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION