All college papers are in either MLA or APA style. If you know MLA, you can figure out APA.

If you can’t use this style, you won’t be eligible for CIS or PSEO next year.

All Humanities papers are required to have this style. ALL.

Why do you care?

Modern Language Association’s guidelines for formal papers.

Tells you fonts, margins, punctuation, bold, italics, page numbering, spacing, etc.

What is it?

General Formatting Margins: 1” all around Spacing: Always double spaced; no extra spaces between

paragraphs or titles Font: 12 pt font in either Times New Roman, Calibri, Eurostyle, or

Arial Narrow Page Numbering: begins on page one; ½” from the top right and

includes your last name (Peck 1) Title Page: none unless requested by the teacher Indentation: ½” or one “Tab” space at the beginning of each

paragraph First Page -begin page numbering -Heading: 1” from top left of page should include your name,

teacher name, class name, date; all double spaced -Title should also be double spaced, centered, no all CAPS, no

quotes, no bold font, no underlining, no italicizing.

Short Quotes (four typed lines or less) -If author’s name was mentioned in your writing, before your quote,

then only put the page number in parentheses.

According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (184).

-If author’s name was not mentioned in your writing before your quote, then put the author’s last name and the page number in parentheses.

According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.

-Never put the page number in your writing On page 56 it says, “ls;dfkjaspdfjka[spdkfjas;dflkadsf;lj;a” (Tan). -Always put the quote’s end punctuation AFTER the parenthetical

citation -Always put the parenthetical citation AFTER the last quotation mark. -Never put a comma between the last name and the page number in a

parenthetical citation. “adspofijaspdofjkaspdlfkas[pdofkas[dpf” (Tan 56). -If an author has already been cited, and there are no quotes from

others in between, then you only need to put the page number in the parenthetical citation.

Basic rule-of-thumb: I have to be able to find who the author is and the page number somewhere on that page of your paper

All pages -include page number Quoting: -No more than 10% of paper should be quotations -Author and page number (if available) should always be

mentioned either in your writing or in the parenthetical citation after a quote.

-The first time you cite a source in your paper, you should introduce the author, the next time just cite the page number.

-failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks is considered plagiarism.

-You do not have to cite any information that is considered common knowledge.

-You must cite a source even if you paraphrased or summarized the information

Short Quotes with no author or page number -Mention the title of the work in your writing before using the

quote- or- put the title of the work in quotes or italics (whatever is appropriate) in parentheses at the end of the quote, after the last quotation mark and before the ending punctuation.

In-text Example:

We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because

this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more

comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . .”

(“Impact of Global Warming” 6).

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” Global Warming: Early

Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.

Basic rule-of-thumb: I need to be able to quickly find the source in your works cited, so in your paper make sure whatever information

begins your works cited entry is mentioned somewhere on the page– whether it is the

author or the title.

In-text Example:

Long Quotes (more than four typed lines) -The quote begins on it’s own line -The entire quote is indented (two Tab spaces) -Because of the unique indentation, the quote SHOULD NOT be in quotation marks -Punctuation goes at the end of the quote and the citation comes in parentheses after.

Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:

They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I

had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be

gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept

to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber.

Inquiries were made as to how it got there. (Bronte 78) Long Quotes with no page number -Put the Author’s last name in parentheses at the end of the quote, after the ending punctuation.

In-text Example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous

overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of

powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively

explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford

UP, 1967. Print.

In-text Example:

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as

“symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals”

(Burke 3).

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method.

Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print.

Work by Multiple Authors

In-text Examples:

Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in

the United States (76).

The authors state “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes

Second Amendment rights“ (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).

Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting the

current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust

gun laws (4).

Miscellaneous Non-Print Sources

In-text Example:

Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo stars Herzog's long-time film partner,

Klaus Kinski. During the shooting of Fitzcarraldo, Herzog and Kinski

were often at odds, but their explosive relationship fostered a

memorable and influential film.

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo. Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag

der Autoren, 1982. Film.

Sources from the Internet

In-text Example:

One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is “...a beautiful and

terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism” (Garcia, “Herzog: a

Life”).

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

Garcia, Elizabeth. “Herzog: a Life.“ Online Film Critics Corner. The

Film School of New Hampshire, 2 May 2002. Web. 8 Jan.

2009.

In-text Examples:

According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184),

though others disagree.

According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound aspects of personality”

(184).

Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184)?

Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there / That's all I remember” (11-

12).

-Always goes in alphabetical order by author’s last name or by title if there is no author.

-The name of a book, play, magazine, newspaper or larger work is always italicized NEVER underlined

-The title of a poem, article or short story is always put in quotation marks.

-Your works cited page is always double-spaced and the second line of each entry is always indented

-Works Cited should include all sources you used, not just those cited

Sample Works Cited Page:

Basic Format:

Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication:

Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.

Examples:

Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York:

Penguin, 1987. Print.

Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to

Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print.

Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St.

Martin's, 1997. Print.

---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale:

Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print.

Article in a Magazine Format

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Day Month Year:

pages. Medium of publication.

Example:

Buchman, Dana. “A Special Education.” Good Housekeeping

Mar. 2006: 143-8. Print.

Article in Scholarly Journal Format

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year):

pages. Medium of publication.

Example:

Duvall, John N. “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television

as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise.” Arizona

Quarterly 50.3 (1994): 127- 53. Print.

Web Source Format:

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name.” Name of

Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with

the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of

publication. Date of access.

Works Cited Page: Web

Examples:

Bernstein, Mark. “10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.” A List Apart:

For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug.

2002. Web. 4 May 2009.

Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28

Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.

“How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow.com. eHow. n.d. Web. 24 Feb.

2009.

Personal Interview Example:

Purdue, Pete. Personal interview. 1 Dec. 2000. Speech Example:

Stein, Bob. Computers and Writing Conference. Purdue University. Union Club Hotel,

West Lafayette, IN. 23 May 2003. Keynote address.

Works Cited Page: Other

Film Example:

The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz

Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Polygram, 1995. Film.