Algorithims Labmanual 2 Solve

8/7/2019 Algorithims Labmanual 2 Solve

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Lab Manual

Fundamentals of Algorithms

CS 201

Instructor

Ms. Saher Naqi

Submitted By

Mr. Muhammad. Irfan Arshad

Roll Number: 1387

BS CS (3rd Semester)

College of Computer Sciences and Information StudiesGovernment College University, Faisalabad.


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BS (cs) - Lab Manual Lab 1: Flowcharts

10/28/2010 7:47 PM BY M.IRFAN ARSHAD

Problems Solution via pseudo codeProblem Statement 1:

A student appears in an examination that consists of total

10 subjects, each subject having maximum marks of 100. The roll number of thestudent, his name, and the marks obtained by him in various subjects is supplied as

input data. Such a collection of related data items that is treated as a unit is known

as a record. Draw a flow chart for the algorithm to calculate the percentage marks

obtained by the student in this examination and then to print it along with his roll

number and name.

ALGORITHM 1 student_marks (Array, length)Input: Enter a (name, roll#, marks{m1,m2,m10})Output: Display a percentage along with his roll# & name

total 0for i 0 to Array[length]

do

total total Array[marks]

end

percentage (total/10)*100

return percentage

Problem Statement 2:50 students of a class appear in the problem 1. Draw a

flowchart for the algorithm to calculate and print the percentage marks obtained byeach student along with his roll number.


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Problem Statement 3:Draw a flow chart of the logical steps needed to produce

a printed listing of all students over the age of 20 in a class. The input records

contain the name and age of the students. Assume an initial value of 99 for the age

field.

Yes

START

Enter a Name

& age

Process on data

Display name

&age

STOP

If

age >20


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Problem Statement 4:Draw a flowchart of the logical steps needed to print the

name and age of the oldest and the youngest student in a class. The input records

contain the name and age of the students.

Youngest Oldest

START

Enter a Name

& age

Process on data

& loop

Display Young

name &age

STOP

Check which

student is

young which

is old

Process on data

& loop

Display Young

name &age


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Problem Statement 5:A set of examination papers which have been graded with

scores from 0 to 100 is to be searched to find how many of them are above 90. The

total is to be printed.

Yes Loop

No

Enter scores

(0-100)

Add total marks

Display total

marks

STOP

If

scores >90

START


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Solution of Review Questions:What is a flowchart?

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process,

showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows.

This diagrammatic representation can give a step-by-step solution to a given problem. Data isrepresented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow / direction of flowof data. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or

program in various fields.

How does a flowchart help a programmer in program development?The flowchart is a means of visually presenting the flow of data through

an information processing systems, the operations performed within the system and the sequence

in which they are performed. In this lesson, we shall concern ourselves with the programflowchart, which describes what operations (and in what sequence) are required to solve a given

problem. The program flowchart can be likened to the blueprint of a building. As we know adesigner draws a blueprint before starting construction on a building. Similarly, a programmer

prefers to draw a flowchart prior to writing a computer program. Flow chart is pictorialrepresentation of the flow of the program, algorithm is step by step procedure to solve a givenproblem.

What are the characteristics necessary for a sequence of instructions to

qualify as an algorithm?Algorithms are essential to the way computers process information, because a

computer program is essentially an algorithm that tells the computer what specific steps to perform (in what specific order) in order to carry out a specified task, such as calculating

employees' paychecks or printing students' report cards. Thus, an algorithm can be considered tobe any sequence of operations which can be performed by a Turing-complete system. Therefore,

while designing an algorithm care should be taken to provide a proper termination for

algorithm. Thus, every algorithm should have the following five characteristic features

1.Input

2.Output3.Definiteness

4.Effectiveness5.Termination

Therefore, an algorithm can be defined as a sequence of definite and effective instructions, which

terminates with the production of correct output from the given input.

In other words, viewed little more formally, an algorithm is a step by step formalization of amapping function to map input set onto an output set.


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Describe the function of the various flowcharting symbols?

Symbol Symbol

Name

(alias)

Symbol Description

Process Show a Process or action step. This is the most

common symbol in both process flowcharts andbusiness process maps.

PredefinedProcess

(Subroutine)

A Predefined Process symbol is a marker for anotherprocess step or series of process flow steps that are

formally defined elsewhere. This shape commonlydepicts sub-processes (or subroutines in programming

flowcharts). If the sub-process is considered "known"but not actually defined in a process procedure, work

instruction, or some other process flowchart ordocumentation, then it is best not to use this symbolsince it implies a formally defined process.

Flow Line(Arrow,

Connector)

Flow line connectors show the direction that theprocess flows.

Decision Indicates a question or branch in the process flow.

Typically, a Decision flowchart shape is used whenthere are 2 options (Yes/No, No/No-Go, etc.)

Connector

(Inspection)

Flowchart: In flowcharts, this symbol is typically

small and is used as a Connector to show a jump fromone point in the process flow to another. Connectorsare usually labeled with capital letters (A, B, AA) to

show matching jump points. They are handy foravoiding flow lines that cross other shapes and flow

lines. They are also handy for jumping to and fromsub-processes defined in a separate area than the main

flowchart.Process Mapping: In process maps, this symbol is

full sized and shows an Inspection point in the processflow.

[Just to confuse things further, some people will use a

circle to indicate an operation and a square to indicatean inspection. That's why it's important to include a

symbol key in the flowchart.]Data

(I/O)

The Data flowchart shape indicates inputs to and

outputs from a process. As such, the shape is moreoften referred to as an I/O shape than a Data shape.


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What is a record?

In computer data processing, a record is a collection of data items arrangedfor processing by a program. Multiple records are contained in afield or data set. The

organization of data in the record is usually prescribed by the programming language that defines

the record's organization and/or by the application that processes it. Typically, records can be offixed-length or be of variable length with the length information contained within the record.

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Algorithims Labmanual 2 Solve