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Alfred Wegener. Alfred Wegener. 1880. 1880. 1930. 1930. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Becky Dobosy May 2005. Becky Dobosy May 2005. Alfred Wegener. Born in Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1, 1880. Meteorologist and geophysicist. Alfred Wegener. Discovered continental drift - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Becky Dobosy May 2005Becky Dobosy May 2005
Continental DriftContinental Drift
193019301930193018801880
Alfred Wegener
193019301930193018801880
Alfred WegenerAlfred Wegener
Continental Drift
Becky Dobosy May 2005Becky Dobosy May 2005
Alfred Wegener
•Born in Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1, 1880.
• Meteorologist and geophysicist.
•Born in Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1, 1880.
• Meteorologist and geophysicist.
Alfred WegenerAlfred Wegener
•Discovered continental drift
•Originated theory of Pangaea
•Died Nov. 1, 1930
•Discovered continental drift
•Originated theory of Pangaea
•Died Nov. 1, 1930
Alfred’s TheoryWegener believed the earth was made up of moving plates. Originally, all the continents were combined into one called Pangaea.
Wegener believed the earth was made up of moving plates. Originally, all the continents were combined into one called Pangaea.
Early PangaeaThe animals and plants could disperse with all the future continents together. The one ocean was the Panthalasia.
The animals and plants could disperse with all the future continents together. The one ocean was the Panthalasia.
Later PangaeaPangaea broke into Lausasia and Gondwanaland and trapped animals on one or the other.
Pangaea broke into Lausasia and Gondwanaland and trapped animals on one or the other.
TodayThis is the current map of our
world after about 200 million years of continental drift.
This is the current map of our world after about 200 million years of continental drift.
The Future?Some scientists’ view of the
continents in a million years.Some scientists’ view of the
continents in a million years.
Acceptance of the Theory
Wegener’s theory wasn’t accepted until the discovery of sea floor spreading.
Wegener’s theory wasn’t accepted until the discovery of sea floor spreading.
The spreading is caused by liquid mantle coming up and cooling to form new ground. This creates and ocean trenches and ridges, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
The spreading is caused by liquid mantle coming up and cooling to form new ground. This creates and ocean trenches and ridges, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
It also causes the Atlantic Ocean to expand and the Pacific to
shrink.
It also causes the Atlantic Ocean to expand and the Pacific to
shrink.
Fossil Proof
The same fossils can be found on different continents spread miles apart.
The same fossils can be found on different continents spread miles apart.
When the continents are in Pangaea’s shape,the fossil areas
match up.
When the continents are in Pangaea’s shape,the fossil areas
match up.
Lithocology Proof
Lithocology is the study of the distribution of major geological bodies such as mountains and seas.
Lithocology is the study of the distribution of major geological bodies such as mountains and seas.
Mountains ranges and rock bases match with the other Pangaea continents where they broke off.
Mountains ranges and rock bases match with the other Pangaea continents where they broke off.
Palemagnetism Proof
Particles in cooling rocks point to the north pole due to the Earth’s
magnetism.
Particles in cooling rocks point to the north pole due to the Earth’s
magnetism.
North Pole
North Pole
EarthEarthMagnetic Magnetic attractionattractionMagnetic Magnetic attractionattraction
Palemagnetism cont.
After drifting, the rock’s magnetic particles no longer point North.
After drifting, the rock’s magnetic particles no longer point North.
Palemagnetism cont.
From the direction the particles are pointing, we can tell where the rock
originally was in Pangaea.
From the direction the particles are pointing, we can tell where the rock
originally was in Pangaea.
Tectonic Plates
There are 30 plates that make up our Earth.
There are 30 plates that make up our Earth.
Divergent Boundaries•Usually on ocean floor
•Creates sea floor spreading
•Usually on ocean floor
•Creates sea floor spreading
•Make ocean ridges and earthquakes
•Make ocean ridges and earthquakes
Divergent Examples
Great Rift Valley - land fault
Great Rift Valley - land fault
Mid-Atlantic Ridge - ocean
fault
Mid-Atlantic Ridge - ocean
fault
Convergent Boundaries•Edge of plate sinks
under neighbor
•Called subduction
•Makes biggest earthquakes
•Edge of plate sinks under neighbor
•Called subduction
•Makes biggest earthquakes
ExamplesHimalayas - land plates combining and growing
Himalayas - land plates combining and growing
California Coast - land
plate growing
Chile Coast - shrinking from subduction
California Coast - land
plate growing
Chile Coast - shrinking from subduction
•Plates slide horizontally
•Rough edges rub together
•Plates slide horizontally
•Rough edges rub together
•Cause frequent earthquakes
•Cause frequent earthquakes
Transforming Boundaries
Bam Fault in Iran
Bam Fault in Iran
San Andreas Fault in
Cailifornia
San Andreas Fault in
Cailifornia
Transforming Fault Examples
Earth QuakesEarth Quakes
Earth quakes (red) occur on the fault lines (yellow) of certain plates.
Earth quakes (red) occur on the fault lines (yellow) of certain plates.
Folded MountainsFolded Mountains
•Wavy layers where plates collide
•Rock piles up
•Examples: Himalayas, Alps, Rockys, Andes
•Wavy layers where plates collide
•Rock piles up
•Examples: Himalayas, Alps, Rockys, Andes
Fault Block MountainsFault Block Mountains
•One side of fault goes up, the other down
•Example: Sierra Nevadas
•One side of fault goes up, the other down
•Example: Sierra Nevadas
•Plates pull apart•Plates pull apart
Grand TetonsGrand Tetons
Volcanic Mountains
Mt EtnaMt
EtnaBeforeBefore AfterAfter
•On edges on hot spots of plates
•On edges on hot spots of plates
Examples:
•Hawaii - volcanic islands
•Yellowstone - underground volcano
Examples:
•Hawaii - volcanic islands
•Yellowstone - underground volcano
Me Hey, my name is
Becky. I live with my parents and have two older
sisters.
Hey, my name is Becky. I live with my parents and have two older
sisters.
I also have a guinea pig named Chloe. I love the
mountains and being outside.
I also have a guinea pig named Chloe. I love the
mountains and being outside.
Bibliography“Alfred Wegener.” Scientists: The Lives and Works. 1996 ed.
George, Linda. Plate Tectonics. San Diego: Kid Haven Press, 2003.
“Plate Tectonics.” World Book. 2003 ed.
A Lesson in Plate Tectonics. 2005. Extreme Science. 2 May, 2005. <http://extremesc
ience.com/PlateTectonicsmap.htm>
“Alfred Wegener.” Scientists: The Lives and Works. 1996 ed.
George, Linda. Plate Tectonics. San Diego: Kid Haven Press, 2003.
“Plate Tectonics.” World Book. 2003 ed.
A Lesson in Plate Tectonics. 2005. Extreme Science. 2 May, 2005. <http://extremesc
ience.com/PlateTectonicsmap.htm>
