Limba englez6 - Alfabetul fonetic aiverbele neregulat,e

Phonetic Alphabetltlxtrtr[]iltrtrtl[Ll[lt

J

Booklet

Th:e Vowels

tit i foarte lung feeler fftlel "fil6" (cu i prelung)'i

til i scurl foarte deschis,aproape de e fit lfrtl "fit" (cu i foarte scurt)

lel e pu{in mai deschisca in romAnegte set lsetl

"sef'(cu e nrai deschis ca inromanegte)

la,l e foarte deschis,aproape a Sam lsr;ml "seamd" (dar cu diftongul imbinat)

lala foarte deschis,format in fundulgurii

bar lbo,l "bar" (cu a prelung gi fdra r)

b:l o lung deschis, cubuzele trase ?n jos

doorlord

ldc:lActdl

"dor" (cu o lung, deschis, fara r)"lord" (fdr5 r, cu o lung, deschis)

lplo scurt deschis sprea, cu buzele trase inJOS

totcod

Itotllkr,dt

"tot" (dar cu vocala maiapr:opiatd'de$unetulr ardelenese din toat6'),

"ro6l (daf mai asem6ndtor cu"coad5")

lul u foarte lung boon lbun/ "bun" (Cu u foarte lung, ca in f iulie")lul u foarte scurl cook n((,H "6s61'(cu u scurtat)

INa foarte scurt giinchis, format incentrul qurii

supper /'srrpe/ "sapi" (eu i foarte scurt, retezat)

lsll similar cu 6 foartelung sir l*:l "s&-" (cu vocala foarte lungd gi

inchisi)

lol similar cu i foartescurl sitter /site/ "sit6" (cu vocala finald inchisi gi

retezatd)

Th:e Diphthongs

leil similar cu diftongul romdnesc ei darmai deschis

layhey

lleilIheil

l'lei"'(cu vocale mai deschise)"hei" (cu vocale mai deschise)

le,:l similar cu diftongul romAnesc du tow Itaul "rtr't (ou vocala 6 rotuniit6)

latl similai cu diltongul romAnesc ai darmai deschis sky lskail l'scai" (cu a mai deschis, mai lung,

usor nazalizat si ifoarte scurt)laul similar cu diftongul romAnesc au dar

mai deschis how lhanl "hau" (cu a rnairdeschis, ugornazalizat)

ltil o deschis urmat de un i foarte scurt boy lhril 'lboi" (dar cu o foarte deschis)liel i scurt urmat de f, scurt fear lfral

lal e foarte deschis urmat de i scurt share $ea1luel u scurt urmat de fr sdurt continuer ftan'tinjua/ 'continu6" (cu 6 rnai soulrt)

Consonants

:r,i:.8:':&. S iffirt'1.,:tA'"ini 6t 'l,r/r:.Ir!... t1:;r ir.i l'i,8,.. t

. 'ri[I.], i

,'.!11JE ";i..,:E+..:1 ,

{t .1,1.: iIE;IIT}-ffitu:

ffi

lpl p urmat de o mica explozie de aer part lputl "pat" (cu p foarte tare gi a lung)

tbt similar cu b rom6nesc dar mai sonor ban lbrrl.l "ban" (cu b foarte vibrat $i a foartescurt)

Itl t rostit cu limba la rddicina dintilor,urmat de o micd explozie

Tom ltrlml "tom" (cu t foarte tare $i odeschis)

tdt d rostit cu limba la rEddcina dintilorde sus

dindun

ldlnl/d^n/

"din", "Dan" (cu con$oana dsonori, rostitd cu limba Iardd6cina dinlilor de sus)

M similar consoanei c, urmatl de omicd explozie

cut k^tl "cat" (cu c foarte tare $i un fel deh urmat de a scurt)

lql similar cu g romAnesc dar foartesonor

gummer /'game/ t'garfli" {cu a scurt gi d scurt)

rytt Imbinat cu S ca in romAnescul ci(nepalatalizat)

touchmuch

t*illmfl

'taci" (cu ifoarle scurt gi a scurt)"maci" (cu i foarte scurt $i a scutt)

tw d imbinat cu jca in r,omAnescul gi jam l**,ml "geam" (cu consoana nepala-talizatd gi ea imbinat)

lnl, similar cu m romAnesc moot lmrutl "mut'l (cu u lung)

lnl similar cu n romAnesc nod hodl !'nod" (cu o fgarte deschis)

htn velar, realizat prin lipirea dosuluilimbii de valul palatului ca ?n

rom6nescul "lAng6", "pungd", "crAng"bunker /'b4ke/ "banc6" {cu n mai nazalizal Si a $i

o scurte)

Nsimilar cu I romAnesc; cAnd apare lasfArgitul cuvAntului, limba este mairetrasd (l velar)

luckstill

A*ttatilt

"lac" (cu a scurt)"stil" (cu limba mai retrasd)

tft similar cu f rom0nesc fin lfinl "fin" (cu i scurt)

lvl similar cu v romAnesc dar mai sonor vie lvail "vai" (cu diftongul ugor nazalizat)

tgt consoani surdd pronuntatd ca un scu limba {inutd intre dinli thick lgtkl "sic" (cu un s peltic)

t6t consoanE foarte sonori pronun{atica un z cu limba tinuti intre dinli there l6ee,/ "zer" (cu un z peltic)

{tl*.|',,fi.'l:i. r.-l

lsl similar cu s romAnesc sauce /sc:s1 "sos" (cu o deschis, lung)

hl similar cu z romAnesc foarte sonor z,nc ' laAW "zinc" (cu ideschis scurt gi n velar)

l#+j

ttt similar cu g romAnesc shock fftw "goc" (cu o deschis)

l3t similar cu j romAnesc foarle sonor rouge lruryl "ruj" (cu u lung)

kl consoani lichidi rostitd firi vibra{ialirnbii (aproape fird frictiune) bravo I,btaveul "bravol' (cu r foarte moale)

tht similar cu h romdnesc dar maigutural high lhatl "hai" (cu un h mai aspru format in

fundul gAtului)

lwl u foarte scurt rostit cu buzele foartestrAnse

wood lwudl "ud" (cu u scurt rostit cu buzelefoarte'str:Anse) i: ,

ffi tt/ itare, foarte palatalizat folosltinaintea vocalelor

yoga fjeugeluyoga" (cu o pronuntat spre.Au $i

E final scurt)

Bibliografie:

- Prof. dr. Leon Levi{chi, Andrei Bantag, Adrian Nicolescu, DiclionarEnglez-RomAn, EdituraAcademiei RSR, 1974, Bucuregti.- Active Study Dictionary, Longman, 1998.- Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, Macmillan, 2002.- Robert Hooke, Judith Rowell, A Handbook of English Pronunciation, Nelson, 1991.

IrneEular VerbsFirst fsnr! = S€Gend form = third form

No Long lnflnitive Paet Tense Paet Pafiiciple Translation1 to burst /bs:st/ burst ibs:st/ burst /ba:st/ a exploda, a plesni2 to cast /kust/ cast /ko:st/ cast /kq:st/ a arunca, a azvdrli3 to cost /kost/ cost /kost/ cost /kost/ a costa4 to cut /kati cut /k^t/ cut /k^t/ a tdia5 to hit /hitl hit /hit/ hir lhitt a lovi6 to hurt /ha:t/ hurt /hs:t/ hurt /hs:t/ a ranl7 to let iletl let /let/ lel lletl a permite, a ingidui8 to put iputl put /put/ put /put/ a pune9 to rid /ridi rid hiil rid hidl a elibera, a descotorosi10 to set /set/ set /set/ set /set/ a pune, a ageza11 to shed /Bd/ shed /.fed/ shed fedl a pierde, a l5sa si cadd12 to shred {red/ shred {red/ shred /fred/ a firAma, a rupe in fAgii13 to shut {,rt/ shut {,ttl shut {,tt/ a inchide14 to slit /slit/ slit /slit/ slit /slit/ a despica, a cripa, a cresta15 to split /split/ split /split/ split /split/ a despica, a cripa, a sparge16 to spread /spred/ spread /spred/ spread /spred/ a desfi$ura, a intinde17 to thrust /0r,rst/ thrust /Or.rstl thrust /0r.tst/ a impinge, a biga cu forla

First form = third form t second forrnNo tr o,ng lnfinitiVe Past Tense Past,Pa$iciple, :translation18 to become /bi'kam/ became /bi'keim/ become /bi'kam/ a deveni19 to come /krm/ came ikeiml come /k,rm/ a venre0 to run /r.r,n/ ran /rnnl run /rtnl a fugi

First form # second form = third torrnNo Lohg',1116,n;1;u. Past Tense Past Participle Translation ,

21 to abide le'baidl abode /e'beud/ abode /e'beud/ a sta, a locui22 to bend lbendl bent,/bent/ bent /bent/ a (se) indoi23 to bereave lbl'ri:vl bereft /bi'reft/ bereft /bi'reft/ a deposeda de24 to beseech,/bi'sirfl besought /bi'sc:t/ besought /bi'sc;t/ a implora25 to bind lbaindl bound lbaund/ bound lbaundl a lega26 to bleed /bli:d/ bled /bled/ bled /bled/ a sangera27 to breed /bri:d/ bred /bred/ bred /bred/ a cregte, a educa28 to bring /brin/ brought /brc:t/ brought /brc:t/ a aduce29 to build /bild/ built /bilt/ built /bilt/ a construi

30 to burn /bs:n/ burnt /bs:ntlburned lbz:ndl

burnt /be:nt/burned lbs:ndl a arde

31 to buy,&ail bought /bcrt/ bought /bcrt/ a cumpara32 to catch /kefl caught /kc:t/ caught /kcrt/ a prinde

33 to chide /Said/ chid lgid/ chid /{id/chidden /didn/ a critica, a dojeni

34 to cleave /kli:v/ cleft /kleft/ cleft /kleft/ a despica, a strdpunge35 to cling lklin/ clung /kl,t4/ clung /kl,tj/ a se lipi de, a se agdta de36 to creep lkri'.pl krept /krept/ krept /krept/ a se tAri37 to dare /dec/ dared /deed/ dared /deed/ a indrdzni38 to deal/di:l/ dealt /delt/ dealt /delt/ a impirli, a repartiza

No, Lbng lnfinitive Past Tense Past Participle Translation83 to slink /slfuk/ slunk /slar;k/ slunk /sla6k/ a pleca pe nesim{ite

84 to smell/smel/ smelt /smelt/smelled /smeld/

smelt /smelt/smelled /smeld/ a mirosi

85 to speed /spird/sped isped/speeded /'spi:did/

sped /sped/speeded /'spldid/ a merge cu vitezd

;86 to spell/spel/ spelt lspelt/spelled /speld/

spelt /spelt/spelled /speld/ a rosti un cuvAnt pe litere

8V to spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent /spent/ a petrece, a cheltui

B8 to spill/spil/ spilt /spilt/spilled /spild/

spilt /spilt/spilled /spild/ a vdrsa, a imprigtia

89 to spin /spin/ spun /sp,tn/ spun /sp,tn/ a toarce, a rdsuci

90 to spit /spit/ spat /spret/ spat /spat/ a scuipa

91 to stand /staend/ stood /stud/ stood /stud/ a sta in picioare

92 to stick /stild stuck /st,rl</ stuck /sta,k/ a lipi, a infige93 to sting /sti5l stung /st,tn/ stung /st,tp/ a intepa, a pigca

94 to strew /stru;/ strewed /stru:d/ strewed /stru:d/strewn istruln/ a imprigtia, a risipi

95 to strike /straik/ struck /str,r,k/ struck /stral</ a lovi, a izbi

s6 to string /strin/ strung /str.tni strung /str,q1/ a lega cu sfoar5, a incorda arcul97 to sweep /swi:pi swept /swept/ swept /swept/ a matura

98 to swing /swi4/ swung /swa,n/ swung /sw.tn/ a se legdna, a se balansa99 to teach /ti:q7 taught /tr:t/ taught /tc:t/ a preda

100 to tell/rell told /tetild/ told /teuld/ a spune, a povesti

101 to think /0ink/ thought /0c:t/ thought /0c:tl a gAndi

102to understand/,a.nde'strend/

understood/,a.nde'stud/

understood/*tnde'stud/ a intelege

103 to weep /wirp/ wept /wept/ wept /wept/ a pldnge, a l5crima104 to win /win/ won /w,tn/ won /wrrn/ a cAgtiga

105 to wind /waind/ wound /waundi wound /waund/ a risuci, a invArti10 to wring /rin/ wrung /ra1/ wrung /r,tj/ a sucr, a rasuct

First fsrnn # second fornn * third forrnNo Lons lnfinltive Past Tense Translation107 to arise le'raizl arose /a'rcuz/ a se ridica, a se inilla108 to awake /e'weik/ awoke /e'weuk/ atrezi, a degtepta109 to be,rbil was lwtzl, were /wa;/ afi110 to bear /bee/ bore /b::/ a duce, a purta111 to beat /birt/ beat /bi:t/ a bate, a lovi

112 to beget lbi'qetl begot /bi'got/begat,rbi'gret/ a nagte, a da nagtere

'11,3 to begin lbl'qinl began lbi'grnl a rncepe

1,1'4 to bid /bid/ bade,rbeid/bid /bid/ a cere, a implora

111;5 to bite /bait/ bit /bir/ a musca1,16 to blow /blau/ blew /blu:/ a sufla, a adia,1"1 7 to break /breik/ broke /brauk/ a sparge

1,18 to choose /tju:z/ chose ltjeuzl a alege

x19 to do /du:/ did /did/ a face

1,?0 to draw /drc/ drew /dru:/ a desena, a trage, a intinde121 to drink ldrigk/ drank /drzegk/ a bea

122 to drive ldraivl drove /drauv/ a gofa, a mAna, a conduce

123 lo eal li:tl ate let: eitl a manca

124 lo fall lft:ll fell lfell a cddea

.lllPtr i,riri i*l" fiCIiiltillrJl*i:ti ii Pasl Tense il+jri:.', iii:rii;,1 $teltsiira i to lly lflail flew /flu:/ a zbura

12,6i to forbid /fer'bidl forbade /fe:'beid/forbad lfe'br,dl a opri, a interzice

$it, to forget lfe'qetl forgot /fe'got/ {ffi a uita1?qt to forgive lfe'qivl forgave lfe'qeivl /ii,;+ a ierta'r,&t to forsake /fa'seik/ forsook /fe'suk/ a pirisi, a abandona

lo treeze lfri:zl troze lfreuzl a ingheta, a degera

,1,S,,1i to give /oiv/ gave igeivl ada,:!, 8 to go /geu/ went /wentl a merge, a umblalr3Si to grow lgreul grew /gru:/ a cregte

to hew /hju/ hewed lhju:dl l =ii:tr:l* a tiia, a despica, a crdpa

.1:S5i to hide /haid/ hid /hid/ $rjl{&ffi a ascunde,,1S0,i to know /neu/ knew /nju:/ EF.,w ll a cunoaqte,,ll$ri to lie /lai/ lay lleil tilaL! a sta lungit

to mow /meu/ mowed /meud/ mOwrt.lmaunf , ,,mowedlmeu# '

,

a cosi, a tunde cu magina (iarba)

:flSg to ride /raid/ rode /reud/ a cdldritl40l to ring /rig/ rang /r.ag/ ffi1 .',, a suna, a bate (clopotele),i!*iL ta rise hatzl rose lreuzl a se indltall48i to saw /sc:/ sawed /sc:d/ 1g*1/g,gig[a.liiti a tiia cu fieristriulilr4Br to see /si:/ saw /sc:/ .$$sl g .,+tiiiiil:# a vedea

r'*4 to shake /Bik/ shook /fuk/ a zgudui, a scutura

i1 to show /.feu/ showed {eud/ a arita

to shrink lfriqV shrank ffraqWshrunk [rtqU a se scurta, a se micgora

.,1.#f to sing /sig/ sang /sreg/ #si a cAnta1 to sink /si6k/ sank /saenk/ *H , rriIiiiiiiffi a se scufundatiggi to slay /slei/ slew /slu:/ .#ri a asasina.ffi to smite lsmaitl smote /smeut/ a lovi, a izbiril8,,lli to sow /sau/ sowed /seud/ ;-+E-,ffi .#:$t$,+f..i;:lH$ a semdna, a insimAnta.154, to speak /spi:k/ spoke /speuk/ a vorbi

i!,5$. to spring /sprin/ sprang lsprrnl i$H.{$F.d#,$ a tAgnito steal/sti:U stole /steul/ a fura, a gterpeli

to stink /stiqk/ stank /stregk/stunk /st.tnk/ a mirosi urAt

r$,,Sd to stride /straid/ strode /streud/l{,i*F. a umbla pe, a colinda

ffi to strive lstraivl strove /strauv/ $Ei* a tinde, a ndzui

llffi to swear /swea/ swore /swc:/ iS ffi a jura

tiLl,.q,P to swell/sweV swelled /sweld/ Efi;i* a umflato swim /swim/ swam /swrem/ i#ilni{tl$ a inota

jffi to take /teik/ took /tuk/ iii'r,iiltlrrilri a lua

:,ll'16,8: to lear lteel tore ltc./ a:ili!!i t:Irit a rupe, a sfAgia,1$ to thrive l}raivl throve l1reuvl ty,.flffi#i a prospera, a reugi

to throw l1raul threw /0ru:/ a arunca

i,!rP,rtrto tread /tred/ lrod ltrcdl |iiill!+il:i."-l

t;1r:,.riri.1ilti:lJa cilca, a pune piciorul pe

'!661

iaito wake /weik/ woke /werik/

'$St$F:rf$H$iffii,i.ffia se trezi

to wear /wea/ wore /wc:/ a purta; a fi imbricat cuilil'.ls,$ to weave /w,i:v/ wove /weuv/ a tese

1,1s,$ to write /raitl wrote /reut/ a scrie

a* Autor: prof. Cecilia CroitorutuL @ Editura BOOKLET Bucuregti, iet. 021 411.3137,0722 428.630, O72g |S2.OS3W'ffff"ut