Alfa Laval Edible Oil Systems

Mitigation of 3-MCPDE and GE through various process technologies

Raffaele Baldini

Technology Manager

Alfa Laval Copenhagen A/S

Slide 2

Refinery – latest challenge

process contaminants:

3-MCPDE (3-monochloropropanediol esters) • Possible effect on kidney & male fertility*• Formed at temp. >140oC, in the presence of chloride

ions**• Difficult to be removed after its formation

GE (Glycidyl Esters)• Genotoxic and carcinogenic (can damage DNA & cause

cancer)*• Formed rapidly at temp. >220oC at long retention time• Main pre-cursor Diacylglycerides (DAG)• Can be removed by post-refining

* European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)** Institute of Food Science & Technology, UK (IFST)

3-MCPDE = 3-monochloropropane, 1-2, diol

GE = Glycidyl Ester

TAG = Tri-acylglycerides

DAG = Di-acylglycerides

MAG = Mono-acylglycerides

Cl- = Chlorides Ion

H+ = Acids

>140°C

DAG GE

Deodorizing Time

R

H+

>220°C

TAG/DAG/MAG + Cl ̄ 3-MCPDE

EU legislation COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2018/290, of 26 February 2018

1 ppm

No set limit yet for 3-MCPDE (expected by 2019)

0.5 ppm

3-MCPDE SOLUTION : Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Washing

www.alfalaval.comSlide 5

Advantages of CPO washing in refinery

© Alfa Lavalwww.alfalaval.comSlide 6

Remove Inorganic chlorides +

some Cl-organic + impurity

Less bleaching earth

consumption-20 %

Less than 50% of acid

consumption

Total chloride , Field result

Total Chloride vs 3-MCPDE

© Alfa Lavalwww.alfalaval.com

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A proportional relationship

CPO washing in Mills plant

Solution for Low GE and 3-MCPDEfor Infant Oil –chemical refinery , proven solution

© Alfa Lavalwww.alfalaval.com

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Temperature

DAG (%) 215oC 225oC 250oC

3% 0.6 - 1.0 2.2 - 3.5 3.0 - 7.5

5% 1.0 - 2.5 1.5 - 4.0 6 - 8

7% 1.5 - 3.5 2.5 - 5.0 9 - 12

GE result in standard physical refining plant

GE SOLUTION

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

200 210 220 230 240 250 260

GE in oil (ppm) vs Temperature (oC) in DEO. plant

Vacuum 3,5 mbar Vacuum 2,5 mbar Vacuum 1,5 mbar

GE behavior in palm oil fractions

Palm Oil

Bleached Oil

Soapstock

Fatty Acid Distillate

Post -stripping

Chemical Refining

PhysicalRefining

Bleached Oil

Re-refining

Refined, Bleached, Deodorized Oil

Spent earth

low GE, low 3-MCPDE, light color, low FFA,

POST-

REFINING :

disadvantage

- Bleaching earth cost

- Energy to cool and heat RBD oil

- Increase FFA of 0.3% (losses)

- In post deo 3-MCPDE slightly will increase

- Utilities consumption steam, electrical energy in post treatment plant

- Oil losses in bleaching earth

- Minimum GE obtainable 0.3 - 0.4 ppm

POST –STRIPPING

Schematic drawing

GE Solutions – Alfa Laval Post-strippingAdvantages :

• Avoid re-refining. Higher oil quality & stability• No bleaching earth consumption• No oil losses in spent earth• Less utilities consumption - steam, power, water• Low investment cost• Less space / easy layout• No increase 3-MPCDE / FFA• Superb bland taste & odorless• Suitable with incoming RBD with GE <8 ppm

Refining Routes suggested by ALFALAVAL.StandardPhysicalRefining

Chemical Refining

Alfa Laval Physical Refining(with Washing & Post Stripping)

FFA CPO 5 % 0.05% 0.05% 0.03~0.04%

Phosphatides as Phosphorus

<1 ppm <1 ppm <1 ppm

Colour (5-1/4 ”) based on DOBI 2.3

2.5R 1.5 - 2.0R 2.3R

GE 6 - 8 ppm < 0.4 ppm < 0.5 ppm

3-MCPDE 4 - 6 ppm < 0.5 ppm < 1 ppm

Yield 94.5% 91 - 92% 94.0%

© Alfa Lavalwww.alfalaval.com

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