Alexander Calder. Untitled. 1976.Aluminum and steel. overall: 29 ft. 11-3/8 in. × 75 ft. 11-5/8 in.; gross

weight: 920 lb.Gift of the Collectors Committee. Image © 1976 Board of Trustees, National

Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. © 2012 Calder Foundation, New York/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. [Fig. 7-1]

Michelangelo. Pietà. 1501.Marble. height 6 ft. 8-1/2 in.

Canali Photobank, Milan, Italy. [Fig. 7-2]

Robert Ryman. Long. 2002.Oil on linen. 12 × 12 in.

Photography by Bill Jacobson. Courtesy The Pace Gallery. [Fig. 7-3]

Manuel Neri. Mujer Pegada Series No. 2. 1985–86.Bronze with oil-based enamel. 70 × 56 × 11 in.

Courtesy Charles Cowles Gallery, New York. Photograph by M. Lee Fatheree. [Fig. 7-4]

Max Ernst. The Horde. 1927.Oil on canvas. 18-1/8 × 21-5/8 in.

Collection Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. © 2012 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris. [Fig. 7-5]

William A. Garnett. Erosion and Strip Farms. 1951.Gelatin-silver print. 15-9/16 × 19-1/2 in.

Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA / Art Resource, NY. Purchase. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, U.S.A. [Fig. 7-6]

Cross page from the Lindisfarne Gospels. c. 700.Ink and tempera on vellum. 13-1/2 × 9-1/4 in.

Cott Nero DIV f.2v Carpet page with cross introducing St. Jerome's letter to Pope Damasus, from the Lindisfarne Gospels, 710-721 (vellum), English School, (8th century) / British Library, London, UK / © British Library

Board. All Rights Reserved / The Bridgeman Art Library. [Fig. 7-7]

Ewe peoples. Kente prestige cloth (detail), Ghana. 19th century.Cotton, silk; warp (vertical threads). 6 ft. 2 in., weft (horizontal

threads) 9 ft. 1-7/8 in.Claudio Mari/©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 7-8]

Miriam Schapiro. Barcelona Fan. 1979.Fabric and acrylic on canvas. 72 × 144 in.

Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. Gift of Steven M. Jacobson and Howard Kalka, 1993.1993.408.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A. [Fig. 7-9]

Gianlorenzo Bernini. David. 1623.Marble. life-size.

Galleria Borghese, Rome/Canali PhotoBank, Milan/SuperStock. [Fig. 7-10]

Isidro Escamilla. Virgin of Guadalupe. September 1, 1864.Oil on canvas. 22-7/8 × 15 in.

Brooklyn Museum, Henry L. Batterman Fund, 45.128.189. [Fig. 7-11]

Claude Monet. Water Lilies, Morning: Willows (central section and right side). 1916–26.

Triptych. each panel 80 × 170 in.Giraudon/Art Resource, NY. Musee de l'Orangerie, Paris, France.

Giraudon/RMN Reunion des Musees Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 7-12]

Bridget Riley. Drift No. 2. 1966.Acrylic on canvas. 91-1/2 × 89-1/2 in.

Albright-Knox Art Gallery / Art Resource, NY. © Bridge Riley. Courtesy Karsten Schubert, London. [Fig. 7-13]

Hans Namuth. Jackson Pollock painting Autumn Rhythm. 1950.Gelatin silver print.

© 2012 The Pollock-Krasner Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Center for Creative Photography, Tucson. Photograph by Hans Namuth.

[Fig. 7-14]

Jackson Pollock. No. 29, 1950. 1950.Oil on canvas, expanded steel, string, glass, and pebbles on glass. 48 × 72

in.© 2012 The Pollock-Krasner Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa. Purchased, 1968. [Fig. 7-15]

Nicholas Nixon. The Brown Sisters. 1976.Gelatin silver print. 71-1/16 × 9-5/8 in.

© Nicholas Nixon, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco and Pace/MacGill Gallery, New York. Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by

SCALA / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 7-16]

Nicholas Nixon. The Brown Sisters, Truro, Massachusetts. 2011.Gelatin silver print. 17-15/16 × 22-5/8 in.

© Nicholas Nixon, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco and Pace/MacGill Gallery, New York. Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by

SCALA / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 7-17]

Grace Ndiritu. Still Life: White Textiles. 2005/2007.Still from a silent video. duration 4 min. 57 sec.

LUX, London. [Fig. 7-18]

Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler. Detached Building. 2001.High-definition video with sound transferred to DVD. duration: 5 min. 38

sec. loop.Installation photo by Stefan Rohner. Courtesy of the artists, Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York and Burger Collection, Zurich. [Fig. 7-19]

Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler. Detached Building (still 1 of 6). 2001.

High-definition video with sound transferred to DVD, 5 min. 38 sec. loop. duration: 5 min. 38 sec. loop.

Stills courtesy of the artists and Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York. [Fig. 7-20a]

Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler. Detached Building (still 2 of 6). 2001.

High-definition video with sound transferred to DVD, 5 min. 38 sec. loop. duration: 5 min. 38 sec. loop.

Stills courtesy of the artists and Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York. [Fig. 7-20b]

Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler. Detached Building (still 3 of 6). 2001.

High-definition video with sound transferred to DVD, 5 min. 38 sec. loop. duration: 5 min. 38 sec. loop.

Stills courtesy of the artists and Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York. [Fig. 7-20c]

Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler. Detached Building (still 4 of 6). 2001.

High-definition video with sound transferred to DVD, 5 min. 38 sec. loop. duration: 5 min. 38 sec. loop.

Stills courtesy of the artists and Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York. [Fig. 7-20d]

Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler. Detached Building (still 5 of 6). 2001.

High-definition video with sound transferred to DVD, 5 min. 38 sec. loop. duration: 5 min. 38 sec. loop.

Stills courtesy of the artists and Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York. [Fig. 7-20e]

Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler. Detached Building (still 6 of 6). 2001.

High-definition video with sound transferred to DVD, 5 min. 38 sec. loop. duration: 5 min. 38 sec. loop.

Stills courtesy of the artists and Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York. [Fig. 7-20f]

Bill Viola. Room for St. John of the Cross. 1983.Video/sound installation.

Collection: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. Photo: Kira Perov/SQUDDS & NUNNS. [Fig. 7-21]

Bill Viola. Room for St. John of the Cross, detail. 1983.Video/sound installation.

Collection: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. Photo: Kira Perov/SQUDDS & NUNNS. [Fig. 7-22]