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8/14/2019 Alexandar Flemming.
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Alexander FlemingAlexander Fleming
Inventor of PenicillinInventor of Penicillin
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ChildhoodChildhood Born on Lochfield Farm,Born on Lochfield Farm,
Darvel, Ayrshire onDarvel, Ayrshire onAugust 6, 1881.August 6, 1881.
Was a farmer's son.Was a farmer's son.
Moved to London at ageMoved to London at age13, to stay with his older13, to stay with his older
brother.brother.
Fleming working inFleming working in
his Laboratory.his Laboratory.
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SchoolSchool
Attended
Louden Moor School, DarvelAttended Louden Moor School, DarvelSchool, and Kilmarnock Academy.School, and Kilmarnock Academy.
In London, he attended Polytechnic.In London, he attended Polytechnic.
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St. Mary'sSt. Mary's
Met Sir AlmrothMet Sir Almroth
Wright, a professorWright, a professor
at St. Marys.at St. Marys.
Joined hisJoined his
laboratory staff.laboratory staff.
Spent the rest ofSpent the rest of
his life there, as ahis life there, as abacteriologist.bacteriologist.
Site of Fleming's laboratory.Site of Fleming's laboratory.
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PenicillinPenicillin
Discovered inDiscovered in1928.1928.
Was working inWas working in
his lab, trying tohis lab, trying tokill a deadlykill a deadly
bacteria, when hebacteria, when he
noticed a bluenoticed a blue
mold growing onmold growing on
the dish.the dish.
The mold PenicillumThe mold Penicillum
Notatum.Notatum.
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Not an ordinary moldNot an ordinary mold
Learned that it wasLearned that it wasthe mold Penicillumthe mold Penicillum
Notatum.Notatum.
Penicillin is foundPenicillin is foundin this mold.in this mold.
Noticed that theNoticed that thebacteria around thebacteria around the
mold wasmold was
dissolving.dissolving.The mold PenicillumThe mold Penicillum
Notatum.Notatum.
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How it isHow it is waswas DevelopedDeveloped
For 9 years, nobody couldFor 9 years, nobody could
purify the Penicillum Notatumpurify the Penicillum Notatum
to get the pure penicillin.to get the pure penicillin.
Finally, in 1938, a team ofFinally, in 1938, a team of
Oxford University Scientists,Oxford University Scientists,headed by Howard Floreyheaded by Howard Florey
and Ernst B. Chain helped toand Ernst B. Chain helped to
develop penicillin.develop penicillin.
Penicillin beingPenicillin being
developed.developed.
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Mass ProductionMass Production
Methods for its massMethods for its mass
production, purification,production, purification,
and stabilization wereand stabilization were
developed in the U.S.,developed in the U.S.,
in cooperation with thein cooperation with theDepartment ofDepartment of
AgricultureAgriculture. The US. The US
government paid for itsgovernment paid for its
mass production.mass production.
If not for this,If not for this,
thousands of peoplethousands of people
would die.would die.
A machine used toA machine used to
produce Penicillin.produce Penicillin.
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How Penicillin is usedHow Penicillin is used
In early days ofIn early days ofPenicillinPenicillin
therapy, thetherapy, thedrug wasdrug was
administered inadministered in
small dosessmall dosesevery threeevery three
hours.hours. Penicillin in a pill form.Penicillin in a pill form.
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What it curesWhat it curesPenicillin hasPenicillin has
been known tobeen known to
cure manycure many
diseases such asdiseases such asPneumonia,Pneumonia,
Scarlet Fever,Scarlet Fever,
Syphilis, Tetanus,Syphilis, Tetanus,and Gangrene.and Gangrene.
Pneumonia.Pneumonia.
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How it worksHow it works
Penicillin worksPenicillin worksby killingby killing
bacteria. To dobacteria. To do
this, it interferesthis, it interferes
with thewith the
bacterias abilitybacterias abilityto synthesizeto synthesize
the cell wall.the cell wall. Penicillum viewed through aPenicillum viewed through amicroscope.microscope.
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Forms of PenicillinForms of Penicillin
There are manyThere are manydifferent forms ofdifferent forms of
Penicillin, which allPenicillin, which all
come from the moldscome from the molds
of genus namedof genus named
Penicillum. PenicillinPenicillum. Penicillin
G, Penicillin V,G, Penicillin V,
Ampicillin, andAmpicillin, andAmoxicillin are theAmoxicillin are the
most commonly usedmost commonly used
forms of Penicillin.forms of Penicillin. Penicillin G.
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World War IIWorld War IIPenicillin wasPenicillin was
introduced to theintroduced to the
world just in timeworld just in time
for World War II.for World War II.It helped saveIt helped save
many lives duringmany lives during
the war, and hasthe war, and hasbeen greatlybeen greatly
appreciatedappreciated
since.since. An add for Penicillin, during WWII.
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Later LifeLater LifeHe married a nurse,He married a nurse,
and they had a sonand they had a sonnamed Robert, whonamed Robert, who
was born in 1924. Hiswas born in 1924. His
wife died in 1949. Hewife died in 1949. Hewas working withwas working with
Amalia CoutsourisAmalia Coutsouris
Voureka in aVoureka in a
laboratory, and theylaboratory, and they
married in 1953. Hemarried in 1953. He
later died at the age oflater died at the age of
74, on March 11, 1955.74, on March 11, 1955.
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Collected 25 Honorary DegreesCollected 25 Honorary Degrees 26 Medals26 Medals
18 Prized18 Prized
13 Decorations13 Decorations Was Knighted in 1944.Was Knighted in 1944.
Awards and RecognitionsAwards and Recognitions
Memberships in 87Memberships in 87
Scientific AcademiesScientific Academiesand Societiesand Societies
The Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize
with Howard Floreywith Howard Florey
and Ernst B. Chain forand Ernst B. Chain for
Physiology or MedicinePhysiology or Medicine
in 1945.in 1945.