The Carbon FamilyAlex M.

Chrissy B.Tim S.

DJ

Introduction to the Carbon FamilyThe elements in the Carbon Family are

Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead, and also Ununquadium.

They are classified as…Metals- Tin and LeadNonmetals- CarbonMetalloids- Silicon and Germanium

History of the Carbon FamilyToday carbon, tin and lead are some of the

worlds most well known elements.Carbon was discovered in charcoal and has

been developed since the 19th century.Silicon was first obtained pure in 1824 by

Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. Though impure silicon was obtained in 1811. Far before (at least 1500 BCE) it was recorded on the p-table. It was being used for things like jewelry by the Egyptians.

History of the Carbon FamilyGermanium was one of three elements

predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. This was when he first devised his periodic table.

It was finally identified in 1886.Origins of tin seem to be lost in history, but it

was believed to be founded between 300–200 BCE.

Carbon

Carbon occurs in all living organisms.There are three naturally occurring isotopes,

with 12C and 13C being stable, and 14C being radioactive.

Carbon can be found in rocks as carbonates of calcium (limestone), magnesium, and iron. The atmosphere of Mars contains 96 % CO2.

Electrons 6 6

Protons 6 6 6

Neutrons 6 7 8

Mass 12 13 14

Silicon

Is a tetravalent metalloid.

In 1824, Silicon was discovered prepared and characterized in the pure form.

It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as different forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates.

Physical properties: Phase: solid Density is 2.3290 g·cm−3

Liquid density is at m.p. 2.57 g·cm−3

It’s melting point is 1687 K, 1414 °C. While it’s boiling point is 3538 K, 3265 °C.

Today silicone is used in white ware ceramics such as porcelain, and in traditional quartz-based soda-lime glass.

Electrons 14

Protons 14

Neutrons 14

Mass 28

GermaniumUnlike silicon, it is too reactive to be found

naturally on Earth in the free state.

Germanium is not thought to be an essential element for any living organism. Some complexes organic germanium compounds are being investigated as possible pharmaceuticals but none has had success.

GermaniumSymbol: Ge

Atomic number: 32

Atomic weight: 73 amu

Group in periodic table: 14Period in periodic table: 4 Block in periodic table: p-block

Classification: Semi-metallic

Melting point: 938.3 °C or 1211.3 KBoiling point: 2820 °C or 3093 K

TinTin resists distilled, sea, and soft tap water,

but is attacked by strong acids, alkalis, and acid salts. Oxygen in solution accelerates these attacks.

When heated in air, tin forms SnO2. It is, or was, used to plate steel, making "tin cans". Tin is used as one component in bell metals.

TinSymbol: Sn

Atomic number: 50Atomic weight: 118.710 amuGroup in periodic table: 14Period in periodic table: 5 Block in periodic table: p-block

Classification: MetallicMelting point: 231.93 °C or 504.93 KBoiling point: 2602 °C  or 2876 K

LeadLead is a soft and flexible, heavy metal.Lead (Pb)- Atomic # 826p (2)It’s standard atomic weight is 207.2 amu. It’s electron configuration is 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. Melting Point: 600.61 K, 327.46 degrees C, 621.43

degrees FBoiling Point: 2022 K, 1,749 degrees C, 3,180

degrees FDensity: 11.34 g cm (-3) Liquid Densty: 10.66 g

cm (-3)It is a solid.

History of LeadLead is commonly used. Its been dated back thousands of years. “It’s widespread, easy to extract and easy

to work with.”Though it’s very malleable and also ductile

and is easy to smelt. Metallic lead beads have been found from

in modern-day Turkey all the way back to 6400 BCE. During the early Bronze Age, lead was used with antimony and arsenic.

Lead bricks being used to shield a radioactive sample (Cs-137).

Roman lead water pipes with taps

Lead pipe in Roman baths

Multicolor lead-glazing in a

sancai ceramic cup, China- 8th century

CE.

Uses of Lead

UnunquadiumSymbol: UuqAtomic number: 114Atomic weight: 289 amuStandard State: presumably a solidPeriodic Table Group: 14“ “ Period: 7“ “ Block: pAppearance Classification: Metallic*Note: Most information is still unknown.

Basic Info on UnunquadiumElement114 was reported in January of 1999

after some experiments that took place in December 1998 that involved scientists at Dubna (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research) in Russia. That purposively used isotopes supplied by scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA. Only one atom was ever identified and has yet to be ratified. The results suggest Ununquadium will not form a tetrafluoride UuqF4, but could be isolated as a water-soluble difluoride UuqF2.

This is a video we found on the

internet. http://youtu.be/VXJfs7RKP9g?t=6s

Sourceshttp://www.scienceclarified.com/Ca-Ch/Carbon-Family.htmlhttp://www.ptable.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead&printable=yeshttp://www.webelements.com/ununquadium/