Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions Ppt

7/24/2019 Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions Ppt

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Aldehyde & Ketone

Reactions


2/21

Formation of an AldehydeOxidation of Primary Alcohols

General equation:

Primary alcohol aldehyde

RCH2CHO

!"A#P$!:

%'ro'anol


3/21

Formation of a KetoneOxidation of (econdary Alcohols

General equation:

(econdary alcohol )etone

O

RCR

!"A#P$!:

2'ro'anol

C

O

RH

R

H [ O ]


4/21

Re*ie+ from Cha'ter %,--Oxidation of .ertiary Alcohols

General equation:

.ertiary alcohol /OR!AC.0O/---


5/21

1O .R1 .H!(!-

3rite an equation sho+in4 theoxidation of the follo+in4 alcohols56e sure to name the 'roduct formed5

7a8 %'entanol

798 29utanol


6/21

Oxidation of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are easily oxidied furtherto form car9oxylic acids5

Oxidation 'rocess:

Primary alcohol Aldehyde Car9oxylic acid

1-butanol

2-methyl-1-propanol

[ O ] [ O ]

[ O ] [ O ]


7/21

Reduction Reactions

6oth aldehydes and )etones areeasily reduced 9ac) to thecorres'ondin4 alcohol5 .his 'rocess

is called hydrogenation5

RR


8/21

$a9 .ests for

Aldehydes and Ketones

Tollens Test

.ests for A$;!H1;!( 7not )etones8

(il*er ion is reduced to sil*er metal

.he aldehyde is oxidied to acar9oxylic acid anion

AKA the (il*er #irror .est


9/21

.ollen

Aldehyde sil*er ammoniacar9oxylic sil*er

com'lex acid anion

metal ? < @


10/21

3rite equations for the follo+in4reactions

%5 ethanal = .ollen


11/21

6enedict


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6enedict


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6enedict


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Addition Reactions05 Addition of an Alcohol to an Aldehyde Acetal

formation

O H H= OH H

R%CH = OR2 R%COR2 = OR2 H

Aldehyde alcohol Hemiacetal7quite reacti*e8

OR2

H+ R1-C-OR2

HAcetal


15/21

Addition Reactions

OR 4rou' is an al)oxyl 4rou'

Hemiacetalsare *ery reacti*e so inthe 'resence of acid and excessalcohol +ill continue to react to forman acetal


16/21

Addition Reactions

25 Addition of an alcohol to a ketoneB KETALformation

O H OH H

R%CR2 = OR, H= R%COR, = OR,

R2Ketone alcohol Hemiketal

OR,

H= R%COR,

R2 Ketal


17/21

Practice Pro9lems

Pro'anal = #ethanol

,hexanone = ethanol


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Keto!nol .automers

#any aldehydes & )etones exist in amixture of t+o constitutionalisomers informally referred to as

tautomers5R1

R2 R3

O R1

R2

R3

OH

Keto form Enol form


19/21

Practice

;ra+ the enol form of the aldehydesand )etones listed 9elo+5 !thanal

2'entanone

6utanal


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Aldol Condensation

Reaction in +hich aldehydes &)etones react to form lar4ermolecules5 A ne+ car9oncar9on

9ond is formed in the 'rocess5

Actually occurs 9et+een an aldehydein the )eto form and one in the enolform5

R1

O

R2

O

+

O H - o r

e n z y m e

R1

OH O

R2

Aldehyde Aldehyde Aldol


21/21

!xam'le

3rite an equation for the aldolcondensation of t+o molecules of9utanal5

O OH+

OH O

Butanal

Butanal (enol form)

3-

hydroy-

2-

ethylheanal

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Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions Ppt