Alcohols, Esters, Carboxylic Acids & Esters I can name and give the formula for some organic chemicals. Grade C I can draw the structure for some organic

Alcohols, Esters, Carboxylic Acids & Esters

I can name and give the formula for some organic chemicals.

Grade C

I can draw the structure for some organic

chemicals. Grade B

I can explain the differences between organic chemicals.

Grade A

Keywords: Alkane, Alkene, Alcohol, Carboxylic Acid, Esters,

I can name and give the formula for some organic

chemicals.Grade C

I can draw the structure for some organic chemicals.

Grade B


Grade A


Task 1:

Draw the structural formula for:

i. Methaneii. Ethaneiii. Propaneiv. Ethenev. Propene


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Task 1:


i. Methane

ii. Ethane

iii. Propane

iv. Ethene

v. Propene

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=methane+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=cy9it8yu4JQ8oM&tbnid=IVY7H4MZ5J58zM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-2D-square.png&ei=DpZ-Uc6GMMiw0QWRwYGAAw&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNHNHPi_IRm9k9vG1McRN5ixsxxhIw&ust=1367336839874771

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ethane+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Yu7hn6wQn-SxhM&tbnid=YCdSuaZTUmnHpM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.jsmbchemistry.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.html&ei=KZZ-UYFa6JTRBYGWgNAI&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNH1KWj-yrrY3mNKq4e0MzllpqPwKw&ust=1367336871017026

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=propane+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=dL0nxQRcm9PN9M&tbnid=awjGdIzNuIGYMM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/14359&ei=RpZ-UdqpJrCa0QXV-4DwDw&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNGnKxiQXR7Mbv6wNd7rwcP1CWz-xg&ust=1367336899815642


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Task 1:


i. Methane

ii. Ethane

iii. Propane

iv. Ethene

v. Propene

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ethene+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Q6i-CxuzacGO0M&tbnid=JWQQMgtN54TYnM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures---E/Ethylene.htm&ei=_JZ-UdmtOrCM0wXMsYHYDw&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNGzRO-26HOFcVzU6fC_nS-0IDoogQ&ust=1367337082081209

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=propene+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=uREtDT61NWWezM&tbnid=wsG4ZC8qSW0d4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.gcsescience.com/o16.htm&ei=FZd-UdCOFeTH0QWtqYGYDA&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNFeKiINZuAp_6fMH2KNxfppMWOu9Q&ust=1367337100395817


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Key Terms:

Homologous series – ‘family of compounds with the same functional group”.


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Alcohols Carboxylic Acids Esters

Examples: Examples: Examples:

Structure: Structure: Structure:

Properties: Properties: Properties:


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A



Examples:EthanolPropanol

Examples: Examples:


Properties:Functional group –OHFormula – usually written with OH separate, e.g. CH3H5OH is ethanol.

Properties: Properties:

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ethanol+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=s_L2-j46gbH7gM&tbnid=xHMbrOqJEKQk8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethanol_flat_structure.png&ei=vJd-UbHWNcqU0AWVyICAAw&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNHwV9T-UI0fgxas2vckRZ8JrBPgBw&ust=1367337273244670


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A




Examples:Ethanoic Acid (Vinegar)

Examples:



Properties:Functional Group –COOHFormual – usually written with COOH separate, e.g. CH3COOH is ethanoic acid.

Properties:


http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ethanoic+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=JU4Fag79_NXTDM&tbnid=iuK6p2TzFQVAsM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://chemistry.about.com/od/acids/tp/Names-Of-10-Acids.htm&ei=25h-Ud3iC8Sq0QXysoCoAQ&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNFJAfb1BYq4sbnPmuBrLhFuKi2nLQ&ust=1367337557784892


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A




Examples:Ethanoic Acid (Vinegar)

Examples:Ethyl ethanoate



Properties:Functional Group –COOHFormual – usually written with COOH separate, e.g. CH3COOH is ethanoic acid.

Properties:Replaces the H in the COOH with a hydrocarbon. Functional Group COO-.


http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ethanoic+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=JU4Fag79_NXTDM&tbnid=iuK6p2TzFQVAsM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://chemistry.about.com/od/acids/tp/Names-Of-10-Acids.htm&ei=25h-Ud3iC8Sq0QXysoCoAQ&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNFJAfb1BYq4sbnPmuBrLhFuKi2nLQ&ust=1367337557784892

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ethyl+ethanoate+structure&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=3rEGHDdBNxDZ_M&tbnid=QooDK3PRqC2bXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.ibchem.com/IB/ibnotes/brief/org-hl.htm&ei=FJl-UZfzGIyb1AWmm4GABQ&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNF9sh06j_QQKqnjf73TisSTGNyfdw&ust=1367337616277984


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Property

Where used

How made

Other facts

Linked Chemicals

Reactions


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Property

Where used Drinks, alternative fuels in cars,

How made

Other facts

Linked Chemicals

Reactions


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Property


How made From reaction of ethene and steam.Fermenting sugars from plant material.

Other facts

Linked Chemicals

Reactions


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Property



Other facts Can dissolve many substance, like water. Can dissolve many organic compounds – this makes them useful solvents (e.g. remove ink stains). Solvents for perfumes, aftershaves and mouthwashes

Linked Chemicals

Reactions


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Property




Linked Chemicals Methylated spirits – mainly ethanol but has some more toxic methanol mixed in with it. This has a purple dye added so less attractive to drink.

Reactions


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Property




Linked Chemicals Methylated spirits – mainly ethanol but has some more toxic methanol mixed in with it. This has a purple dye added so less attractive to drink.

Reactions Reacts with Sodium – like it does with water, but not as vigorous. Oxidation – An alcohol is oxidised to a carboxylic acid when boiled with potassium dichromate (VI) solution. So ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acids (e.g. alcohol left out smells like vinegar)


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Carboxylic AcidsThese are ____________________ substances that _____________ dissolve in water. They also behave like other acids, for example:Ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate __________ + __________ + _________

Carboxylic acids are ______________ acids and have a pH around __________. For these to have acidic properties, they must first ____________________________________________. By doing this, the water causes the acid to ________________ and their molecules split up to form a ___________ and ______________ ions. The ____________ ion is common in all acid. Example with hydrochloric acid (symbol equation):________ ________ + _________

acidic do

Sodium ethanoate

water Carbon dioxide

weak

3Dissolve in water

ionisepositive negative H+

HCl H+ Cl-


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Strong v Weak AcidsStrong acids _________________________ ionise in water.

Weak acids __________________________ ionise in water.

Therefore, the strong acid will have a greater concentration of ____________

ions and so a __________ pH than the weak acid.

Completely

Partially

H+

lower


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Making EstersCarboxylic acids also react with ___________________ to form esters.

______________ is also formed in this reversible reaction.

As a catalyst _____________________________________ is used.

An example is:Ethanoic Acid + ethanol ethyl ethanoate + water What would be produced in:Ethanoic acid + methanol The general formula is:Carboxlylic acid + alcohol ester + water

alcohols

Water

Sulphuric acid

Methyl ethanoate + water

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=reversible+symbol&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=3ABeB8O9kjzShM&tbnid=NyquaGoNM3TBOM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://revision-systems.co.uk/chemistry-reversible-reactions/reversible-reaction-symbol/&ei=MXt_UejdF42b0AWY1ICACA&bvm=bv.45645796,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNFP7fpnv6h1mKVIEHsbBFpWnvVJcQ&ust=1367395502225274




chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A


Substance Where used IssuesEthanol

Methanol (Meths)

Esters


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A



Alcoholic drinks(Tax added)

Biofuel

High blood pressure & heart disease.Excess – damages liver.Can become addicted. Cost country – health, sickness, antisocial behaviour

Methanol (Meths) Esters


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A




Biofuel


Methanol (Meths)

Solvent Ethanol found within it but with other toxic substances (methanol) Emetics (foul tasting chemicals) in it which make you vomitLiver failure, blindness, early death

Esters


chemicals.Grade C


Grade B


Grade A




Biofuel


Methanol (Meths)

Solvent Ethanol found within it but with other toxic substances (methanol) Emetics (foul tasting chemicals) in it which make you vomitLiver failure, blindness, early death

Esters

Biofuel Plant oils (esters) – broken down and react with ethanol or methanol in presence of catalyst = biodiesel. Land used to grow crops could be used instead for food. Cutting down forests – loss of habitats.

Documents

Alcohols, Esters, Carboxylic Acids & Esters I can name and give the formula for some organic chemicals. Grade C I can draw the structure for some organic