ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY, KARAIKUDI NEW …...Aware of accounting for amalgamation, absorption, External and Internal reconstruction and preparation of consolidated balance sheets. e. They

ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY, KARAIKUDI

NEW SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS PATTERN (w.e.f. 2017-18)

M.Com. - PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Sem.

Course Code

Name of the Course

Cr. Hrs./ Week

Max. Marks Int. Ext. Total

I

7MCO1C1 Core – I – Principles of Management

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO1C2 Core – II– Advanced Corporate Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO1C3 Core– III – Marketing Management

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO1C4 Core – IV- Advanced Cost Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO1E1/ 7MCO1E2

Elective–I-A) Modern Banking (or) B) Labour Legislation

4 6 25 75 100

Total 24 30 - - 500

II

7MCO2C1 Core – V- Research Methodology 5 6 25 75 100

7MCO2C2 Core – VI – Investment Management

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO2C3 Core – VII – Management Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO2C4 Core – VIII– Computerised Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO2E1/ 7MCO2E2

Elective–II-A)Services Marketing (or) B) Retail Marketing

4 6 25 75 100

Total 24 30 - - 500

III

7MCO3C1 Core – IX- Direct Taxes 5 6 25 75 100

7MCO3C2 Core – X –Advanced Business Statistics

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO3C3 Core – XI – Financial Services And Markets

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO3C4 Core – XII– Human Resource Management

5 6 25 75 100

7MCO3E1/ 7MCO3E2

Elective – III A) Portfolio Management (or) B) E – Commerce

4 6 25 75 100

Total 24 30 - - 500

IV

7MCO4C1 Core – XIII- Special Accounting 5 8 25 75 100

7MCO4C2 Core – XIV – International Business Environment

5 7 25 75 100

7MCO4E1/ 7MCO4E2

Elective – IV A) Insurance Management (or) B) Indirect Taxes

4 7 25 75 100

7MCO4E3/ 7MCO4E4

Elective – V A) Financial Management (or) B)Entrepreneurship Development

4 8 25 75 100

Total 18 30 - - 400 Grand Total 90 120 - - 1900

PROGRAMME OUTCOME-2017-18

PO – 1: After completing two years for Master of Commerce (M.Com) program, students

would gain a thorough grounding in the advanced knowledge of Commerce and Finance.

PO – 2: Curriculum focused a number of specializations and practical exposures which would

equip the student to face the modern-day challenges in today’s commercial world.

PO -3 The all-inclusive outlook of the course offer a number of value based and job oriented

courses ensures that students are trained into up-to-date. In advanced accounting

courses beyond the introductory level, affective development will also progress to the

valuing and organization levels.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOME (PSO)

PSO – 1: Learners will be able to recognise features and roles of businessmen, entrepreneur,

managers, consultant, which will help learners to possess knowledge and other soft

skills and to react aptly when confronted with critical decision making.

PSO – 2: Learners will be able to prove proficiency with the ability to engage in competitive

exams like CA, CS, ICWA and other courses.

PSO – 3: Leaners will acquire the skills like effective communication, decision making,

problem solving in day to day business affaires

PSO – 4: Learners will involve in various co-curricular activities to demonstrate relevancy of

foundational and theoretical knowledge of their academic major and to gain

practical exposure.

PSO – 5: Learners can also acquire practical skills to work as tax consultant, audit assistant

and other financial supporting services.



PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

COURSE CODE: 7MCO1C1

Course Description:

This course aims to develop analytical knowledge on the business Management

and to make the students to understand the elements of effective Management.

The objective of the course is to impart knowledge on Principles of Management

and various laws relating to business.

Course Objective:

To enable the students to know the theories/concepts about management. This

course includes functions of Planning, Organization, Directing, and Controlling of

business Management. On successful completion of this course, the students will

get an opportunity to examine and apply appropriate theories/concepts about

managing in business effectively

Course Outcomes

To develop knowledge about evolution of management thoughts

To better understanding of planning and decision making

To give an idea about organisation structure and different types of organisation

To make them familiarize with Principles of Direction and Theories.

ADVANCED CORPORATE ACCOUNTING


Course Description

Students will know the concept of accounting for companies and they understand the

preparation, analysis and interpretation of companies financial result.

Course Objectives

Students completing the course will be able to

a. Understand the characteristics of limited companies

b. They will know the different types and kinds of Debentures.

c. They are able to prepare properly balance sheet of a limited company.

d. Aware of accounting for amalgamation, absorption, External and Internal reconstruction

and preparation of consolidated balance sheets.

e. They will be able to identify the various methods of valuation of goodwill and shares and

liquidation of companies.

Course Outcome (COs)

Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

1. Advanced Accountancy – R.L.Gupta and M.Radhasamy,

Sultan chand& sons publishers,

New Delhi

2.Advanced Accounts – M.C.Shukla and T.S.Grewal .,Chand &

Company publishers

3. Advanced Accountancy – S.N.Maheswari, Kalyani Publishers Ltd

a. The above three books are prescribed texts for fifth semester.

b. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

1. Accounting Knowledge, to analyse and evaluate the concepts gathered from the

lecture.

2. Problem solving technique understands clearly throughnarration of problems

andsolutions.

3. To motivate the importance of company accounts in modern world.

MARKETING MANAGEMENT


Course Description

These courses covers the various concepts of the elements of marketing mix and

provide basic knowledge about the concepts, principles, tools and techniques of

marketing and expose the students to the latest trends in marketing.

Course Objective

The objective of the course is to familiarize the students with the basic concepts

andprinciples of marketing and to develop their conceptual and analytical skills to

be able tomanage marketing operations of a business firm. The objective of this

course is to explore the various sectors in marketing industry and to develop

entrepreneurial skills.

Course Outcomes

The modern marketing concepts and evaluation

The consumer behavior

To analyze the product and price

Analyze the promotion mix

Describe the Demonstrate ethical and socially responsible behaviour.

ADVANCED COST ACCOUNTING


Course Description

To familiarize students with the basic concepts of cost and various methods and

techniques of costing.

Course Objectives


f. Understand the characteristics of cost accounting

g. They will know the differences of cost and financial accounts.

h. They aware of Purchase procedures and Maintenance of stores like minimum level,

maximum level, reorder level and Economic Ordering quantity

i. Develop the knowledge about remuneration and incentives.

j. They will be able to identify the various methods of overheads and job costing.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

1.Cost accounting : SP.Jain and KL. Narang,Kalyani Publishers.

2.Cost accounting : Das Gupta, Sultan Chand &Sons

3.Cost accounting : R.S.N.Pillai and Bhagvathi, S.Chand&Co.,

4.Cost accounting : S.P. Iyengar, Sultan Chand &Sons

c. The above four books are prescribed texts for fifth semester.

d. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

1. Aimed to familiarize the concept of cost accounting

2. Helps to gather knowledge on preparation of cost sheet in its practical point of view

3. To introduce the concept of overhead cost

4. To facilitate the idea and meaning of material control with pricing methods

MODERN BANKING

7MCO1E1

Course Description

In the current dynamic environment, individuals, to attain their professional growth and

development, need not only education but also their professional skills. The aim of this

certification program is to hone the professionalbanking skills of the individuals by training them

on Banking domain and usage of banking application software. The Program is designed to teach

the concepts of modern day banking operations. The program would encapsulate all the key

aspects of modern banking system among the participants.

Course Objectives

Introduce the Modern Banking System and Practices to the learners. Develop an in-depth

knowledge of the operational processes of modern banking system. Familiarize learners with the

vital banking functions and various banking operations required for smooth functioning of a

bank.The aim of this certification program is to hone the professional banking skills of the

individuals by training them on Banking domain and usage of banking application software. The

Program is designed to teach the concepts of modern day banking operations.


This course would familiarize the students with all aspects of bank operations including

savings, loans, operations and audit functions. The program would encapsulate all the key

aspects of modern banking system among the students. Understand the numerous aspects of e-

banking. Understand the various types of customer accounts and how they function. Understand

the insurance sector and the various issues related to it

Texts Prescribed

1. Varshney and Sundaram, Banking and financial system of India,

2. Sultan Chand Sekar, Banking theory & practice, Vikas Publishing House

3. Gordan and Natarajan, Banking theory, law & practice, Himalaya Publishers

LABOUR LEGISLATION

7MCO1E2

Course Description: Students will know the concept of labour legislation and they understand

the labour regulations

Course objective: To help the students to understand the basic laws related with industries and

various benefits of workers in labour legislation.

Course Outcome (COs):

Texts Prescribed:

Books for Reference:

1. Labour Law : M.R.Srinivasan,Margham, Publications.

2. Business Law : R.S.N Pillai and BhagavathiS.Chand&Co.,

a. The above two books are prescribed texts for second semester.


1. Make the students understand about The Factories Act, 1948

2. Develop knowledge on types of offences and penalties ‘and trade unions act

3. To help the students to understand the concept of minimum wages act 1948 and employees

insurance act 1948

4. Make the students understand about The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923

5. To equip the students with proper knowledge about The Employees’ Provident Funds Act,

1952

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

7MCO2C1

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of Methodology of Business Research. The

methodology of formulation of research problems, development of scales and of employing

sampling is dealt. The art and science of designing and applying the different tools of data

collection, data quality enhancement, tabulation and presentation, etc are presented. The

culmination of any research is the Report Writing.

Course Objectives


1. To read and understand a variety of empirical research papers using different techniques, so

as to develop awareness of possible solutions to problems that the learner may encounter as

independent researchers in the future.

2. To formulate a research problem in terms of Research Question, Objectives and hypotheses

and design a step-by-step approach to handle the further.

3. To develop measurement tools for behavioral or social or economic phenomena relevant to

the research problem.

4. To familiarize the learners with concepts and techniques of sampling and go about with

sampling for a research problem.

5. To design research data collection tools and using the same for data collection and to make

the data thus collected properly presented fit for analysis.

6. To deal with the requisites and mechanics of writing a research report with appropriate

structuring, analytical reasoning, interpretative relevance and summary of major revelations

so as to make a good reading.


Texts Prescribed-Booksfor Reference

1. Research Methodology –C.R.Kothari

2. Research Methodology – P.Ravilochanan, Margham Publications

3. Business Research Methods – Emory

4. A Guide to Projects - P.Ravilochanan, Margham Publications.

e. The above four books are prescribed texts for second semester.

f. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

1. Choose a research problem and device a design to probe and solve it independently.

2. Design Measurement tools with a fair degree of Validity and Reliability to study even

phenomena for which no measures are readily available.

3. Decide on the appropriate sampling for research problem and go about executing the same

with minimal sampling and non-sampling errors.

4. Decide the method of data collection, design the data collection tools there-for, execute the

data collection work and ensure the data are fit for analysis with appropriate editing,

corroboration, reduction and sanitization.

5. Develop a research report that fulfills the objectives set forth, answers the research questions

and meets the standards of a good research report.

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

7MCO2C2

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of Investment and goals of an Investment

management. The return and risk analysis and valuation of investment are dealt in this course.

Portfolio management, mutual funds and efficient market hypothesis are presented in well

manner.

Course Objectives


k. Understand the investment process and differentiate investment gambling and

speculative.

l. To indentify the various investment avenues available for investor.

m. They will differentiate fundamental analysis and Technical analysis

n. Aware of Portfolio concept and construction, Mutual funds and Random walk theory.

o. They will be able to identify the various methods of Derivative Investments.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

1. Investment Management – B. K Bhalla

2. Investments- Bodie, Kane and Marcus

3. Investments – William Sharpe, Alexander and Bailey

g. The above three books are prescribed texts for second semester.

h. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

I. To help them to understand security analysis

II. To create an awareness about risk and return of different investments

III. To enlighten the evolution of securities and derivatives

IV. To make them understand the investment decisions and portfolio performance

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

7MCO2C3

Course Description

To introduce students to the various tools and techniques of management Accounting. To

enlighten students on Financial Statement Analysis with the emphasis on the preparation of fund

flow and cash flow statement.

Course Objectives


p. Understand the concept of Management Accounting and comparison of cost and

management accounting.

q. They will know the accounting ratios and analysis of liquidity, profitability and solvency.

r. They prepare Fund Flow and Cash Flow Analysis

s. Aware of budgetary control and preparation of various types of budgets.

t. They will be able to prepare standard costing and variance analysis.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

1. Principles of Management Accounting – S.N.Maheswari,Sultan

Chand&Sons.

2. Management Accounting – Hingo rani &Ramanathan, Sultan

Chand&Sons.

3. Management Accounting – Guru Prasad Murthy,Himalaya

Publications.

The above three books are prescribed texts for sixth semester.

i. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

4. To enlighten the students thought and knowledge on management Accounting.

5. Helps to give proper idea on financial statement analysis in practical point of view.

6. To provide knowledge about budget control keeping in mind the scope of the concept.

7. To develop the know-how and concept of marginal costing with practical problems.

COMPUTERISED ACCOUNTING


Course Description:

The course is to familiarize the students with the innovations in information

technology and now it affects business.

Course Objective:

This course is aimed at developing software skills among the students, so that the

students can handle these software’s after their studies. This course deals with the

fundamentals of Tally ERP 9. This course is designed to impart the techniques of

computerized accounting and the computerized auditing practices.

Course Outcomes: The learners should be able to:

This course covers the basic financial statement analysis with the help of

computers, preparing the accounting information to various agencies and

developing a computer environment for auditing. After the successful completion

of the course the student must be aware of concepts and utilization of computer in

day to day life.

Generating the report of journal

Generating the report on cash book

Generating the report on profit and losing account

Generating the report on balance sheet

SERVICE MARKETING

COURSE CODE: 7MCO2E1

Course Description:

To enhance the horizon of knowledge in various fields of relationship

management, merchandising and facilities, sales and value handling, strategic

options in retailing through retail concept and trend.

Course Objective

The objective is to familiarize the students with the principles of marketing and

focus them towards Service Marketing.

Course Outcomes

Identify the product of your choice and describe in which stage of the

product life cycle it is positioned.

Suggest strategies for development of a new product.

Study of Consumer Behaviour for a product of your choice.

Develop an Advertisement copy for a product.

Prepare a chart for distribution network for different products

Serve to consumers and rectify their doubts

Marketers are full fill their consumers’ basic thinks from their service.

RETAIL MARKETING


Course Description:




Course Objective


focus them towards Retail Marketing.

Course Outcomes






Prepare a chart for distribution network for different products.

DIRECT TAX COURSE CODE: 7MCO3C1

Course Description

This subject is to make the students to understand the computation of Taxable

Income and Tax Liability of individuals.

Course Objective

To impart basic knowledge and equip students with application of principles and

provisions Income-tax Act, 1961 amended up-to-date.

Course Outcomes .

Update the current finance tax planning

To know the provisions of Income tax act

To introduce the basic concept of Income Tax

Study various heads of incomes

In order to familiarize the different know-how and heads of income with its

components

It helps to build an idea about income from house property and salary

income.

Analyze the profit and gain from business or profession

To identify the various other serious of income and capital gain

ADVANCED BUSINESS STATISTICS


Course Description

The course is to train the learners in the application of statistical tools for

Description, Association, Testing and Interpretation of business / economic/

commercial /managerial phenomena.

Course Objectives

To read and understand a variety of empirical research papers using different

techniques, so as to develop awareness of possible solutions to problems that the

learner may encounter as independent researchers in the future and to develop

measurement tools for attitudinal/ behavioral or social/ economic /business /

economic phenomena relevant to the research problem.

Course Outcomes

Decide on the appropriate sampling for research problem and go about

executing the same with minimal sampling and non-sampling errors/.

Decide the method of data collection, design the data collection tools there-for,

execute the data collection work and ensure the data are fit for analysis with

appropriate editing, corroboration, reduction and sanitization.

To analyse the various methods of theoretical probability distribution

To familiarize the correlation methods and regression analysis

To study the advanced application oriented tests – F , test and Anova

FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS

7MCO3C3

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of financial system. The stock market and online

trading of shares are dealt in this course.

Course Objectives


1. Understand the call money market and treasury bills markets

2. To indentify the various functions of stock exchange.

3. They will know the importance of venture capital

4. Aware of factory and depository system.

5. They will be able to identify the various methods of global financial market.


Texts Prescribed

Books for Reference

1. L.M. Bholey – Financial Markets and Institutions

2. M.Y. Khan – Indian Financial Theory and Practice 3. E. Gordan and K. Natarajan – Emerging Scenario of Financial Services

The above three books are prescribed texts for second semester.

The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

I. To help them to understand the certificate of deposits

II. To create an awareness about sensex and nifty

III. To enlighten the evolution of securities and depository systerm

IV. To make them understand the foreign exchange market.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

7MCO3C4

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of Human Resource Management. The course

consists of Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development, job

analysis and Job evaluation.

Course Objectives


1. To read and understand the concept of Human Resourse Management, managerial and

operating functions of HRM.

2. To formulate a Human Resource Planning and understand the need and strategies of labour

retention.

3. To develop measurement tools for Recruitment and Selection of Personnel.

4. To familiarize the learners with concepts and methods of training and career development.

5. To design the requisites of a good appraisal plan.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

j. K. Aswathappa, Human Resource and Personnel Management, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.

k. P.C. Tripathy – Personnel Management, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.

l. K. Rakesh Chopra, Managing Human Resources, V.K. Publishing House, Bareilly.

m. V.S.P. Rao, Human Resource Management, Excel Books, Delhi.

n. The above four books are prescribed texts for second semester.

o. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

a. To aiming to enable the students in Human Resources Management

b. To introduce the students about placement and training

c. To facilitate the knowledge about performance appraisal and different

methods

d. To provide an idea about different compensation policies.

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Value assets such as stocks and bonds.

Manage investment portfolios.

Optimally diversify portfolios.

Allocate investments into stock and bond portfolios in accordance

with a person's risk preferences.

Figure out when a trading account at a brokerage firm will receive a

margin call.

Measure the riskiness of a stock or a portfolio position.

Adjust the value of an asset to take into account the riskiness of the

asset.

Understand and critically evaluate investment advice from brokers

and the financial press.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Analyze and evaluate financial markets, how securities are traded,

mutual funds, investment companies, and investor behavior.

Construct optimal portfolios and illustrate the theory and empirical

applications of asset pricing models.

Explain macro and industry analysis, equity valuation, financial

statement analysis and technical analysis.

Analyze bond prices and yields and fixed-income portfolios.

Explain what options and futures are and their use as hedging

instruments.

4MCO3E2E-COMMERCE

4MCO3E2

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of E-Commerce. The course consists of Role of

Internet Uses, opportunities and challenges offered by E-Commerce, WEB Based Business.

E- COMMERCE

Course Objective: on successful completion of the course the students should have:

1. Learnt to analyze the business model of firm, and determine the role that the internet (and

related technologies) can play to support or even enable this model

2. Understand the key issues involved in managing electronic commerce initiatives

3. Utilize the internet to collect information to conduct research.

Course Outcomes

CO-I Understand the concept of E-Commerce and Describe the opportunities and challenges

offered by E-Commerce

CO-II Able to handle electronic payment technology and requirements for internet based

payments

CO-III Understand the categories of E-Commerce and understand the different applications of

E-Commerce

CO-IV To understand and identify security issues of E-Commerce

CO-V Understand the concept of WEB Based Business Understand the M-Commerce

Applications.

Text book:

1. Elias.m. Awad,”Electronic Commerce” prentice- hall of India Pvt Ltd, 2002.

References:

1. Ravi kalakota, Andrew B. Whinston, “Electronic Commerce – a manager's guide”,

Addison- Wesley, 2000.

2. Zheng Qin, “Introduction to E-Commerce”, T Singha University Press, Beijing, 2009.

SPECIAL ACCOUNTING

7MCO4C1

Course Description

Students will know the concept of special accounting for banking and Insurance

companies, Public utility undertakings, holding company, voyage and farm accounts and they

understand the preparation, analysis and interpretation of financial result.

Course Objectives


a. Understand the In-depth of banking company accounts.

b. They will know the different kinds of Insurance and method of calculating balance sheet

of Insurance companies.

c. They prepare properly revenue account, net revenue account and general balance sheet

of public utility undertakings.

d. Aware of accounting for holding company and subsidiary company and preparation of

consolidated balance sheets.

e. They will be able to identify the format of voyage accounts and farm accounts.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference



New Delhi


Company publishers


p. The above three books are prescribed texts for sixth semester.

q. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :


lecture.


andsolutions.

6. To motivate the importance of banking and Insurance companies, Public utility

undertakings, holding company, voyage and farm accounts

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to demonstrate their knowledge of International Business.

Students will be able to think critically and solve business problems.

Students will be proficient in oral and written communication in business settings.

Students will have a view toward balancing work, recreation, family, and

relationships.

Students will have an understanding of their personal interests, abilities, strengths,

and weaknesses as they pertain to career and life alternatives.

Students will establish clear and actionable career objectives.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

explain how international factors affect domestic concerns;

explain regional economic integration and economic and political integration;

explain the main institutions that shape the global marketplace;

explain businesses expansion abroad;

explain the key legal issues related to businesses operating in other countries

INSURANCE MANAGEMENT


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define life insurance and describe its purpose and principle.

Determine your life insurance needs.

Create a plan to buy life insurance.

Recognize how annuities provide financial security.

Recognize the need for disability income insurance.

Understand the value of supplemental health and disability insurance.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Graduates will demonstrate the ability to communicate effectively both

orally and in writing.

Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of the legal and ethical

environment impacting business organizations and exhibit an

understanding and appreciation of the ethical implications of decisions.

Graduates will demonstrate an understanding of and appreciation for the

importance of the impact of globalization and diversity in modern

organizations.

Graduates will demonstrate an ability to engage in critical thinking by

analyzing situations and constructing and selecting viable solutions to

solve problems.

Graduates will demonstrate an ability to work effectively with others.

INDIRECT TAX COURSE CODE: 7MCO4E2

Course Description



Course Objective



Course Outcomes .






components


income.



FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT


Course Description

To include the knowledge of financial management and the techniques of

managing the business with special focus on dividend theories, cost of capital and

capital structure.

Course Objective

The objective is to familiarize the students with the principles of management and

focus them towards FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT.

Course Outcomes

To study the concepts of Financial Management

To analyse the financial statements and Cost of Capital and Capital

Budgeting

To study the Leverage and Capital Structure

To prepare the Working Capital Management

To familiarize with Dividend Theories

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

7MCO4E4

Course Description

To enrich the students towards the knowledge of entrepreneurial skills and to make the

students understand the approaches to attain the goals of the business.

Course Objectives


a. Understand the In-depth of functions and qualities of an entrepreneur.

b. They will know how to start the business and analysis of land, building, water and power, raw

material, machinery, power and other infrastructural facilities.

c. They know properly DIC, SIDCO, NSIC, SISI and Institutional finance to entrepreneurs.

d. Aware of preparation of Project Report and project appraisal.

e. They will be aware of Entrepreneurship development in India and Women entrepreneurship in

India.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference 1. Entrepreneurship development – Joseph Paul, N. Ajitkumar and T.Mampilly –

Himalayan Publishing House

2. Entrepreneurship Development Programmes in India – M.A.Khan – Kanishka

Publishing House – Delhi

3. Dynamics of Entrepreneur Development and Management – Vasant Desai, Himalayan

Publishing House.

a. The above three books are prescribed texts for sixth semester.

r. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

1. To aiming to develop students about Entrepreneurship development

2. To create an awareness on various Entrepreneurship Development Programme

3. To enable them to understand project formulation

4. To familiarize the students with EDP schemes and women entrepreneurship.

ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY, KARAIKUDI.

NEW SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS PATTERN ( w.e.f. 2014 - 15 )

M.COM. - PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Sem.

Course

Cr.

Hrs./

Week

Marks

Total Subject

code

Name

Int.

Ext.

I

4MCO1C1 Core – I – Principles of

Management

5 6 25 75 100

4MCO1C2 Core – II– Advanced Corporate

Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

4MCO1C3 Core – III – Marketing

Management

5 6 25 75 100

4MCO1C4 Core – IV- Advanced Cost

Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

Elective – I 4 6 25 75 100

Total 24 30 - - 500

II

4MCO2C1 Core – V- Research Methodology 5 6 25 75 100

4MCO2C2 Core – VI – Investment

Management

5 6 25 75 100

4MCO2C3 Core – VII – Management

Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

4MCO2C4 Core – VIII– Computerized

Accounting

5 6 25 75 100

Elective – II 4 6 25 75 100

Total 24 30 - - 500

III

4MCO3C1 Core – IX- Direct Taxes 5 6 25 75 100

4MCO3C2 Core – X –Advanced Business

Statistics

5 6 25 75 100

4MCO3C3 Core – XI – Financial Services

And Markets

5 6 25 75 100

4MCO3C4 Core – XII– Human Resource

Management

5 6 25 75 100

Elective – III 4 6 25 75 100

Total 24 30 - - 500

IV

4MCO4C1 Core – XIII- Special Accounting 5 8 25 75 100

4MCO4C2 Core – XIV – International

Business Environment

5 7 25 75 100

Elective – IV 4 7 25 75 100

Elective – V 4 8 25 75 100

Total 18 30 - - 400

Grand Total 90 120 - - 1900

Elective – I (Choose any one of the following)

1. Modern Banking – 4MCO1E1

2. Labour Legislation – 4MCO1E2

Elective – II (Choose any one of the following)

1. Services Marketing – 4MCO2E1

2. Retail Marketing – 4MCO2E2

Elective – III (Choose any one of the following)

1. Portfolio Management – 4MCO3E1

2. E – Commerce – 4MCO3E2

Elective – IV (Choose any one of the following)

1. Insurance Management – 4MCO4E1

2. Indirect Taxes – 4MCO4E2

Elective – V (Choose any one of the following)

1. Financial Management – 4MCO4E3

2. Entrepreneurship Development – 4MCO4E4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOME-2014-15

PO – 1: After completing two years for Master of Commerce (M.Com) program, students

would gain a thorough grounding in the advanced knowledge of Commerce and Finance.

PO – 2: Curriculum focused a number of specializations and practical exposures which would

equip the student to face the modern-day challenges in today’s commercial world.

PO -3 The all-inclusive outlook of the course offer a number of value based and job oriented

courses ensures that students are trained into up-to-date. In advanced accounting

courses beyond the introductory level, affective development will also progress to the

valuing and organization levels.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOME (PSO)

PSO – 1: Learners will be able to recognise features and roles of businessmen, entrepreneur,

managers, consultant, which will help learners to possess knowledge and other soft

skills and to react aptly when confronted with critical decision making.

PSO – 2: Learners will be able to prove proficiency with the ability to engage in competitive

exams like CA, CS, ICWA and other courses.

PSO – 3: Leaners will acquire the skills like effective communication, decision making,

problem solving in day to day business affaires

PSO – 4: Learners will involve in various co-curricular activities to demonstrate relevancy of

foundational and theoretical knowledge of their academic major and to gain

practical exposure.





PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT


Course Description:

This course aims to develop analytical knowledge on the business Management

and to make the students to understand the elements of effective Management.

The objective of the course is to impart knowledge on Principles of Management

and various laws relating to business.

Course Objective:

To enable the students to know the theories/concepts about management. This

course includes functions of Planning, Organization, Directing, and Controlling of

business Management. On successful completion of this course, the students will

get an opportunity to examine and apply appropriate theories/concepts about

managing in business effectively

Course Outcomes

To develop knowledge about evolution of management thoughts

To better understanding of planning and decision making

To give an idea about organisation structure and different types of organisation

To make them familiarize with Principles of Direction and Theories.

ADVANCED CORPORATE ACCOUNTING


Course Description

Students will know the concept of accounting for companies and they understand the

preparation, analysis and interpretation of companies financial result.

Course Objectives


u. Understand the characteristics of limited companies

v. They will know the different types and kinds of Debentures.

w. They are able to prepare properly balance sheet of a limited company.

x. Aware of accounting for amalgamation, absorption, External and Internal reconstruction

and preparation of consolidated balance sheets.

y. They will be able to identify the various methods of valuation of goodwill and shares and

liquidation of companies.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference



New Delhi


Company publishers


s. The above three books are prescribed texts for fifth semester.

t. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :


lecture.


andsolutions.

10. To motivate the importance of company accounts in modern world.

MARKETING MANAGEMENT


Course Description

These courses covers the various concepts of the elements of marketing mix and

provide basic knowledge about the concepts, principles, tools and techniques of

marketing and expose the students to the latest trends in marketing.

Course Objective

The objective of the course is to familiarize the students with the basic concepts

andprinciples of marketing and to develop their conceptual and analytical skills to

be able tomanage marketing operations of a business firm. The objective of this

course is to explore the various sectors in marketing industry and to develop

entrepreneurial skills.

Course Outcomes

The modern marketing concepts and evaluation

The consumer behavior

To analyze the product and price

Analyze the promotion mix

Describe the Demonstrate ethical and socially responsible behaviour.

ADVANCED COST ACCOUNTING


Course Description

To familiarize students with the basic concepts of cost and various methods and

techniques of costing.

Course Objectives


z. Understand the characteristics of cost accounting

aa. They will know the differences of cost and financial accounts.

bb. They aware of Purchase procedures and Maintenance of stores like minimum level,

maximum level, reorder level and Economic Ordering quantity

cc. Develop the knowledge about remuneration and incentives.

dd. They will be able to identify the various methods of overheads and job costing.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

1.Cost accounting : SP.Jain and KL. Narang,Kalyani Publishers.

2.Cost accounting : Das Gupta, Sultan Chand &Sons

3.Cost accounting : R.S.N.Pillai and Bhagvathi, S.Chand&Co.,

4.Cost accounting : S.P. Iyengar, Sultan Chand &Sons

u. The above four books are prescribed texts for fifth semester.

v. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

5. Aimed to familiarize the concept of cost accounting

6. Helps to gather knowledge on preparation of cost sheet in its practical point of view

7. To introduce the concept of overhead cost

8. To facilitate the idea and meaning of material control with pricing methods

MODERN BANKING

4MCO1E1

Course Description

In the current dynamic environment, individuals, to attain their professional growth and

development, need not only education but also their professional skills. The aim of this

certification program is to hone the professionalbanking skills of the individuals by training them

on Banking domain and usage of banking application software. The Program is designed to teach

the concepts of modern day banking operations. The program would encapsulate all the key

aspects of modern banking system among the participants.

Course Objectives

Introduce the Modern Banking System and Practices to the learners. Develop an in-depth

knowledge of the operational processes of modern banking system. Familiarize learners with the

vital banking functions and various banking operations required for smooth functioning of a

bank.The aim of this certification program is to hone the professional banking skills of the

individuals by training them on Banking domain and usage of banking application software. The

Program is designed to teach the concepts of modern day banking operations.


This course would familiarize the students with all aspects of bank operations including

savings, loans, operations and audit functions. The program would encapsulate all the key

aspects of modern banking system among the students. Understand the numerous aspects of e-

banking. Understand the various types of customer accounts and how they function. Understand

the insurance sector and the various issues related to it

Texts Prescribed

4. Varshney and Sundaram, Banking and financial system of India,

5. Sultan Chand Sekar, Banking theory & practice, Vikas Publishing House

6. Gordan and Natarajan, Banking theory, law & practice, Himalaya Publishers

LABOUR LEGISLATION

4MCO1E2

Course Description: Students will know the concept of labour legislation and they understand

the labour regulations

Course objective: To help the students to understand the basic laws related with industries and

various benefits of workers in labour legislation.

Course Outcome (COs):

Texts Prescribed:

Books for Reference:

1. Labour Law : M.R.Srinivasan,Margham, Publications.

2. Business Law : R.S.N Pillai and BhagavathiS.Chand&Co.,

a. The above two books are prescribed texts for second semester.


1. Make the students understand about The Factories Act, 1948

2. Develop knowledge on types of offences and penalties ‘and trade unions act

3. To help the students to understand the concept of minimum wages act 1948 and employees

insurance act 1948

4. Make the students understand about The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923

5. To equip the students with proper knowledge about The Employees’ Provident Funds Act,

1952

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4MCO2C1

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of Methodology of Business Research. The

methodology of formulation of research problems, development of scales and of employing

sampling is dealt. The art and science of designing and applying the different tools of data

collection, data quality enhancement, tabulation and presentation, etc are presented. The

culmination of any research is the Report Writing.

Course Objectives


1. To read and understand a variety of empirical research papers using different techniques, so

as to develop awareness of possible solutions to problems that the learner may encounter as

independent researchers in the future.

2. To formulate a research problem in terms of Research Question, Objectives and hypotheses

and design a step-by-step approach to handle the further.

3. To develop measurement tools for behavioral or social or economic phenomena relevant to

the research problem.

4. To familiarize the learners with concepts and techniques of sampling and go about with

sampling for a research problem.

5. To design research data collection tools and using the same for data collection and to make

the data thus collected properly presented fit for analysis.

6. To deal with the requisites and mechanics of writing a research report with appropriate

structuring, analytical reasoning, interpretative relevance and summary of major revelations

so as to make a good reading.


Texts Prescribed-Booksfor Reference

5. Research Methodology –C.R.Kothari

6. Research Methodology – P.Ravilochanan, Margham Publications

7. Business Research Methods – Emory

8. A Guide to Projects - P.Ravilochanan, Margham Publications.

w. The above four books are prescribed texts for second semester.

x. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

1. Choose a research problem and device a design to probe and solve it independently.

2. Design Measurement tools with a fair degree of Validity and Reliability to study even

phenomena for which no measures are readily available.

3. Decide on the appropriate sampling for research problem and go about executing the same

with minimal sampling and non-sampling errors.

4. Decide the method of data collection, design the data collection tools there-for, execute the

data collection work and ensure the data are fit for analysis with appropriate editing,

corroboration, reduction and sanitization.

5. Develop a research report that fulfills the objectives set forth, answers the research questions

and meets the standards of a good research report.

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

4MCO2C2

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of Investment and goals of an Investment

management. The return and risk analysis and valuation of investment are dealt in this course.

Portfolio management, mutual funds and efficient market hypothesis are presented in well

manner.

Course Objectives


ee. Understand the investment process and differentiate investment gambling and

speculative.

ff. To indentify the various investment avenues available for investor.

gg. They will differentiate fundamental analysis and Technical analysis

hh. Aware of Portfolio concept and construction, Mutual funds and Random walk theory.

ii. They will be able to identify the various methods of Derivative Investments.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

4. Investment Management – B. K Bhalla

5. Investments- Bodie, Kane and Marcus

6. Investments – William Sharpe, Alexander and Bailey

y. The above three books are prescribed texts for second semester.

z. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

I. To help them to understand security analysis

II. To create an awareness about risk and return of different investments

III. To enlighten the evolution of securities and derivatives

IV. To make them understand the investment decisions and portfolio performance

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

4MCO2C3

Course Description

To introduce students to the various tools and techniques of management Accounting. To

enlighten students on Financial Statement Analysis with the emphasis on the preparation of fund

flow and cash flow statement.

Course Objectives


jj. Understand the concept of Management Accounting and comparison of cost and

management accounting.

kk. They will know the accounting ratios and analysis of liquidity, profitability and solvency.

ll. They prepare Fund Flow and Cash Flow Analysis

mm. Aware of budgetary control and preparation of various types of budgets.

nn. They will be able to prepare standard costing and variance analysis.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

7. Principles of Management Accounting – S.N.Maheswari,Sultan

Chand&Sons.

8. Management Accounting – Hingo rani &Ramanathan, Sultan

Chand&Sons.

9. Management Accounting – Guru Prasad Murthy,Himalaya

Publications.

The above three books are prescribed texts for sixth semester.

aa. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

11. To enlighten the students thought and knowledge on management Accounting.

12. Helps to give proper idea on financial statement analysis in practical point of view.

13. To provide knowledge about budget control keeping in mind the scope of the concept.

14. To develop the know-how and concept of marginal costing with practical problems.

COMPUTERISED ACCOUNTING


Course Description:

The course is to familiarize the students with the innovations in information

technology and now it affects business.

Course Objective:

This course is aimed at developing software skills among the students, so that the

students can handle these software’s after their studies. This course deals with the

fundamentals of Tally ERP 9. This course is designed to impart the techniques of

computerized accounting and the computerized auditing practices.

Course Outcomes: The learners should be able to:

This course covers the basic financial statement analysis with the help of

computers, preparing the accounting information to various agencies and

developing a computer environment for auditing. After the successful completion

of the course the student must be aware of concepts and utilization of computer in

day to day life.

Generating the report of journal

Generating the report on cash book

Generating the report on profit and losing account

Generating the report on balance sheet

SERVICE MARKETING


Course Description:




Course Objective


focus them towards Service Marketing.

Course Outcomes






Prepare a chart for distribution network for different products

Serve to consumers and rectify their doubts

Marketers are full fill their consumers’ basic thinks from their service.

RETAIL MARKETING


Course Description:




Course Objective


focus them towards Retail Marketing.

Course Outcomes






Prepare a chart for distribution network for different products.

DIRECT TAX COURSE CODE: 4MCO3C1

Course Description



Course Objective



Course Outcomes .






components


income.



ADVANCED BUSINESS STATISTICS


Course Description

The course is to train the learners in the application of statistical tools for

Description, Association, Testing and Interpretation of business / economic/

commercial /managerial phenomena.

Course Objectives

To read and understand a variety of empirical research papers using different

techniques, so as to develop awareness of possible solutions to problems that the

learner may encounter as independent researchers in the future and to develop

measurement tools for attitudinal/ behavioral or social/ economic /business /

economic phenomena relevant to the research problem.

Course Outcomes

Decide on the appropriate sampling for research problem and go about

executing the same with minimal sampling and non-sampling errors/.

Decide the method of data collection, design the data collection tools there-for,

execute the data collection work and ensure the data are fit for analysis with

appropriate editing, corroboration, reduction and sanitization.

To analyse the various methods of theoretical probability distribution

To familiarize the correlation methods and regression analysis

To study the advanced application oriented tests – F , test and Anova

FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS

4MCO3C3

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of financial system. The stock market and online

trading of shares are dealt in this course.

Course Objectives


6. Understand the call money market and treasury bills markets

7. To indentify the various functions of stock exchange.

8. They will know the importance of venture capital

9. Aware of factory and depository system.

10. They will be able to identify the various methods of global financial market.


Texts Prescribed

Books for Reference

4. L.M. Bholey – Financial Markets and Institutions

5. M.Y. Khan – Indian Financial Theory and Practice 6. E. Gordan and K. Natarajan – Emerging Scenario of Financial Services

The above three books are prescribed texts for second semester.

The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

I. To help them to understand the certificate of deposits

II. To create an awareness about sensex and nifty

III. To enlighten the evolution of securities and depository systerm

IV. To make them understand the foreign exchange market.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

4MCO3C4

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of Human Resource Management. The course

consists of Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development, job

analysis and Job evaluation.

Course Objectives


1. To read and understand the concept of Human Resourse Management, managerial and

operating functions of HRM.

2. To formulate a Human Resource Planning and understand the need and strategies of labour

retention.

3. To develop measurement tools for Recruitment and Selection of Personnel.

4. To familiarize the learners with concepts and methods of training and career development.

5. To design the requisites of a good appraisal plan.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference

bb. K. Aswathappa, Human Resource and Personnel Management, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.

cc. P.C. Tripathy – Personnel Management, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.

dd. K. Rakesh Chopra, Managing Human Resources, V.K. Publishing House, Bareilly.

ee. V.S.P. Rao, Human Resource Management, Excel Books, Delhi.

ff. The above four books are prescribed texts for second semester.

gg. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

e. To aiming to enable the students in Human Resources Management

f. To introduce the students about placement and training

g. To facilitate the knowledge about performance appraisal and different

methods

h. To provide an idea about different compensation policies.

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Value assets such as stocks and bonds.

Manage investment portfolios.

Optimally diversify portfolios.

Allocate investments into stock and bond portfolios in accordance

with a person's risk preferences.

Figure out when a trading account at a brokerage firm will receive a

margin call.

Measure the riskiness of a stock or a portfolio position.

Adjust the value of an asset to take into account the riskiness of the

asset.

Understand and critically evaluate investment advice from brokers

and the financial press.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Analyze and evaluate financial markets, how securities are traded,

mutual funds, investment companies, and investor behavior.

Construct optimal portfolios and illustrate the theory and empirical

applications of asset pricing models.

Explain macro and industry analysis, equity valuation, financial

statement analysis and technical analysis.

Analyze bond prices and yields and fixed-income portfolios.

Explain what options and futures are and their use as hedging

instruments.

4MCO3E2E-COMMERCE

4MCO3E2

Course Description

The course is to introduce the concept of E-Commerce. The course consists of Role of

Internet Uses, opportunities and challenges offered by E-Commerce, WEB Based Business.

E- COMMERCE

Course Objective: on successful completion of the course the students should have:

1. Learnt to analyze the business model of firm, and determine the role that the internet (and

related technologies) can play to support or even enable this model

2. Understand the key issues involved in managing electronic commerce initiatives

3. Utilize the internet to collect information to conduct research.

Course Outcomes

CO-I Understand the concept of E-Commerce and Describe the opportunities and challenges

offered by E-Commerce

CO-II Able to handle electronic payment technology and requirements for internet based

payments

CO-III Understand the categories of E-Commerce and understand the different applications of

E-Commerce

CO-IV To understand and identify security issues of E-Commerce

CO-V Understand the concept of WEB Based Business Understand the M-Commerce

Applications.

Text book:

1. Elias.m. Awad,”Electronic Commerce” prentice- hall of India Pvt Ltd, 2002.

References:

1. Ravi kalakota, Andrew B. Whinston, “Electronic Commerce – a manager's guide”,

Addison- Wesley, 2000.

2. Zheng Qin, “Introduction to E-Commerce”, T Singha University Press, Beijing, 2009.

SPECIAL ACCOUNTING

4MCO4C1

Course Description

Students will know the concept of special accounting for banking and Insurance

companies, Public utility undertakings, holding company, voyage and farm accounts and they

understand the preparation, analysis and interpretation of financial result.

Course Objectives


f. Understand the In-depth of banking company accounts.

g. They will know the different kinds of Insurance and method of calculating balance sheet

of Insurance companies.

h. They prepare properly revenue account, net revenue account and general balance sheet

of public utility undertakings.

i. Aware of accounting for holding company and subsidiary company and preparation of

consolidated balance sheets.

j. They will be able to identify the format of voyage accounts and farm accounts.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference



New Delhi


Company publishers


hh. The above three books are prescribed texts for sixth semester.

ii. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :


lecture.


andsolutions.

12. To motivate the importance of banking and Insurance companies, Public utility

undertakings, holding company, voyage and farm accounts

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to demonstrate their knowledge of International Business.

Students will be able to think critically and solve business problems.

Students will be proficient in oral and written communication in business settings.

Students will have a view toward balancing work, recreation, family, and

relationships.

Students will have an understanding of their personal interests, abilities, strengths,

and weaknesses as they pertain to career and life alternatives.

Students will establish clear and actionable career objectives.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

explain how international factors affect domestic concerns;

explain regional economic integration and economic and political integration;

explain the main institutions that shape the global marketplace;

explain businesses expansion abroad;

explain the key legal issues related to businesses operating in other countries

INSURANCE MANAGEMENT


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define life insurance and describe its purpose and principle.

Determine your life insurance needs.

Create a plan to buy life insurance.

Recognize how annuities provide financial security.

Recognize the need for disability income insurance.

Understand the value of supplemental health and disability insurance.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Graduates will demonstrate the ability to communicate effectively both

orally and in writing.

Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of the legal and ethical

environment impacting business organizations and exhibit an

understanding and appreciation of the ethical implications of decisions.

Graduates will demonstrate an understanding of and appreciation for the

importance of the impact of globalization and diversity in modern

organizations.

Graduates will demonstrate an ability to engage in critical thinking by

analyzing situations and constructing and selecting viable solutions to

solve problems.

Graduates will demonstrate an ability to work effectively with others.

INDIRECT TAX COURSE CODE: 4MCO4E2

Course Description



Course Objective



Course Outcomes .






components


income.



FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT


Course Description

To include the knowledge of financial management and the techniques of

managing the business with special focus on dividend theories, cost of capital and

capital structure.

Course Objective

The objective is to familiarize the students with the principles of management and

focus them towards FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT.

Course Outcomes

To study the concepts of Financial Management

To analyse the financial statements and Cost of Capital and Capital

Budgeting

To study the Leverage and Capital Structure

To prepare the Working Capital Management

To familiarize with Dividend Theories

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

4MCO4E4

Course Description

To enrich the students towards the knowledge of entrepreneurial skills and to make the

students understand the approaches to attain the goals of the business.

Course Objectives


f. Understand the In-depth of functions and qualities of an entrepreneur.

g. They will know how to start the business and analysis of land, building, water and power, raw

material, machinery, power and other infrastructural facilities.

h. They know properly DIC, SIDCO, NSIC, SISI and Institutional finance to entrepreneurs.

i. Aware of preparation of Project Report and project appraisal.

j. They will be aware of Entrepreneurship development in India and Women entrepreneurship in

India.


Texts Prescribed

Booksfor Reference 1. Entrepreneurship development – Joseph Paul, N. Ajitkumar and T.Mampilly –

Himalayan Publishing House

2. Entrepreneurship Development Programmes in India – M.A.Khan – Kanishka

Publishing House – Delhi

3. Dynamics of Entrepreneur Development and Management – Vasant Desai, Himalayan

Publishing House.

a. The above three books are prescribed texts for sixth semester.

jj. The core objectives of the above prescribed texts are :

1. To aiming to develop students about Entrepreneurship development

2. To create an awareness on various Entrepreneurship Development Programme

3. To enable them to understand project formulation

4. To familiarize the students with EDP schemes and women entrepreneurship.

Documents

ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY, KARAIKUDI NEW …...Aware of accounting for amalgamation, absorption, External and Internal reconstruction and preparation of consolidated balance sheets. e. They