Concept Analysis Concept Label Concept definition from several resources Concept definationKinds of conceptAtributConcept Position Example Non-example

Critical VariableSupra-ordinatCoor-dinatSubor-dinat

Heterogeneous (home work)1.

Homogeneous properties2. Homogeneous properties is same throughout which appears as uniform building particle or the event distribution of the matterial. MS Heterogeneous- Solution

Element

Compound

Mixture

Solution1. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures with two or more components. (Barbara A. Gage,2009:85)2. Solution is a mixture in which the components (liquid, gas, solid, or combinations thereof) are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. (McGraw Hill. 2003. Dictionary of Chemistry Second edition: 352)3. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. (Robert Dayton, et al : 23) 4. A solution is a homogeneous mixture, at the molecular level, of two or more substances (Whitten Davis Peck: 104)

Conclusion: Solution is a homogeneously distribution of solute particles throughouts the solvent Addition

that cannot be seen which one the solute and solvent but

can be separated physically into two or more composing substances with the resulted mass depend on their composition in the resulting solution due to it has different particles which the amount composition of particles depend on mass composition of each building substance, so it does not has chemical formulaCo Homogeneously distribution Solute Solvent Composition of solute and solvent (concentration) The type of solvent Type of solute.Clasification of matter Colloid Suspension Solvent

Solute

= water

= oxygen

Solute1. Solute is substance that dissolves to make a solution. (Barbara A. Gage,2009:93)2. The substance being dissolved is called the solute. (Middle school chemistry,2011: 410)3. Solute is the substance dissolved in a solvent. (McGraw Hill. 2003. Dictionary of Chemistry Second edition: 352)

Conclusion:

Solute is a substance with smaller amount distributed throughout the other bigger amount of the other substance (solvent) of the homogeneousmixture (solution) Co The substance Smaller amount distribute throughout The other bigger amount of the other substance (solvent) Homogeneous mixture (solution) Type of substanceSolutionSolvent-Salt is soluteWater is solute

Solvent1. Solvent is substance capable of dissolving another substance (solute). (Barbara A. Gage,2009:93)2. The substance doing the dissolving is called the solvent. (Middle school chemistry,2011: 410)

Solvent is the substance capable of dissolving another substance (solute)Co The substance Capable of dissolving another substance Type of substanceSolutionSolute-waterSalt is solvent

Electrolyte solution1. Electrolyte is the presence of

ions or charged particles these solutions are electrolytes, since they conduct electricity. (Barbara A. Gage,2009:86)2. Electrolyte is a chemical compound which when molten or dissolved in certain solvents, usually water, will conduct an electric current. (McGraw Hill. 2003. Dictionary of Chemistry Second edition: 130)3. Larutan yang dapat bersifat sebagai konduktor listrik disebut larutan elektrolit (Muchtaridi, 2006: 210)

Electrolyte solution is the presence of

ions or charged particles these a solution that can conduct electricity.

Rahayus group

elekctrolite solution is a substance when dissolved in water form properties solution that capable to conduct an electric current.

Sivias group

Electrolite solution is a solution that can conduct electricityCo solution always turn the light on presence of moving ions presence of bubble production by chemical reaction. The type of solution The amount of solute in solution SolutionNon-electrolyte solution Strong electrolite Weak electroliteSalt solutionSugar Solution

4. Larutan yang bersifat sebagai konduktor listrik disebut larutan elektrolit. (Muchtaridi,Apt & Sandri Justiana , 2007: 194)

5. Elektrolit adalah suatu zat yang ketika dilarutkan dalam air akan menghasilkan larutan yang menghasilkan arus listrik. (Chang, R, edisi 3: 90)

Conclusion:Electrolite solution is solution that always turn the light on due to presence of moving ions and/or the presence of bubble production by chemical reaction.

Non-electrolyte solution1. Solutes that do not dissociate or ionize when dissolved in water, like carbon dioxide, sugars, alcohol, produce solutions that do not conduct electricity.(Barbara A. Gage,2009:87)2. Larutan nonelektrolit adalah larutan yang tidak dapat menghantarkan arus listrik. (Muchtaridi, 2006: 224)3. Non elektrolit tidak menghantarkan arus listrik ketika dilarutkan dalam air (Raymond,Chang, edisi 3 : 90)

Non electrolyte solution is a solution that the solute dissociate or ionize when dissolved in water and cannot conduct electricity.

Rahayus group

Non electrolite solution is a substance when dissolve in water form properties solution that cannot to conduct an electric current

Co solution always does not turn the light on absency of moving ions absency of bubble produce The type of solute The amount of solute per volume unit.SolutionElectrolyte solution-Sugar solutionSalt solution

Silvias group

Non electrolite solution is a solution that cannot conduct electric current by giving low symptons of bubble in solution or the light does not turn on on test equipmentConclusion:

Non electrolite solution is solution that always does not turn the light on due to absency of moving ions and/or the absency of bubble produce by chemical reaction which usualy following an electric current in an electrolite solution

Saturated Solution1. A solution that has all the dissolved solute that it can possibly dissolve is called a saturated solution. (Barbara A. Gage, 2009:90)2. Saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under the condition at which the solution exists. (Stoker, H. Stephen, 2007: 207)3. A saturated solution is one in which no more solute could be dissolved at a fixed temperature. (Chemistry science class-IX , 2009: 49)

Saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a fixed temperature.

R : Saturated solution is a solution which contains as much solute and no more solute can be dissolve at sertain temparature.

S :

Saturated solution is a solution contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at specific temperature

Co Solute Solvent Temperature

Concentration Ksp VolumeSolution Unsaturated solution

Super saturated solution

Solvent

Solute

Conclusion:

Saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute in a volume of solution and no more solute can be dissolve in this solution at a fixed temperature.

Unsaturated solution solution1. A solution containing less than the maximum possible amount of solute is termed unsaturated. (Barbara A. Gage, 2009:90)2. Unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under the condition at which the solution exists. (Stoker, H. Stephen, 2007: 208)3. An unsaturated solution is one in which more solute could be dissolved at any fixed temperature. (Chemistry science class-IX , 2009: 49)

Unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at any fixed temperature.Cab A solution Contains less than the maximum amount of solute Can be dissolved at any fixed temperatute. Concentration Ksp VolumeSolution Saturated solution

Super saturated solution Solvent

Solute

Supersaturated solution1. Sometimes if a solution saturated at high temperature is cooled very slowly

and there is no agitation along the way, a supersaturated solution can be produced which

contains higher amounts of solute than its actual limit. (Barbara A. Gage, 2009:90)2. A super saturated is an unstable solution that temporarily contains more dissolve solute than that present in a saturated solutions. (Stoker, H. Stephen, 2007: 207)3. A solution which contains solutes more than the saturation level is called super saturated solution. (Chemistry science class-IX , 2009: 49)

A super saturated is an unstable solution that temporarily contains more dissolve solute than that present in a saturated solutions.Cab An unstable solution Temporarily contains more dissolve solute Concentration Ksp VolumeSolution Saturated solution

Unsaturated solution Solvent

Solute

pH1. The term pH is defined as a negative logarithm of the concentration of

hydrogen ions. (Barbara A. Gage, 2009:101)2. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration (in mol/L) (Chang, R, 2010: 663)3. pH adalah suatu parameter yang digunakan untuk menyatakan tingkat keasaman suatu larutan. (Michael & Sunardi, 2012: 177)

4. pH is a term used to describe the hydrogen ion activity of a system. (McGraw Hill. 2003. Dictionary of Chemistry Second edition: 284) The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to stated degree of acidityConcept stating by principle Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.

Stated degree of acidity Hydrogen ion concentration Acid solution pOH-The concentration of hydrogen ions in a bottle of table wine was 3.2 x 10-4 M. What is the pH?

pH = - log [H+ ]

= - log 3.2 x 10-4

= 4 log 3.2

= 3.49

Ksp= [Mg2+][OH-] 2 = 1.2 x 10-11Ksp = (s) (2s)2=4s34s3 = 1.2 x 10-11s3 = 3.0 x 10-12s = 1.4 x 10-4 M

Buffer solution1. A buffer isa solution that resists change in pH. (Barbara A. Gage, 2009:103)2. A buffer solution is a solution of a weak acid or a weak base and its salt; both components must be present. (Chang, R, 2010: 717)3. Larutan penyangga adalah larutan yang pHnya praktis tidak berubah meskipun ditambah sedikit asam, sedikit basa atau diencerkan. (Michael & Sunardi, 2012: 54)Buffer solution is a solution of a weak acid or weak base and its salt that resists change in pH.Co Weak acid or weak base Its salt Resists change in pH

pH Mol Volum Concentration Weak acid solution Weak base solutionSalt hydrolysis solution-A simpler buffer solution can be prepared by adding comparable molar amounts of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and its salt (CH3COONa) to water.

NH 4 +(aq) +H 2O(aq) NH 3(aq) +H 3O +(aq)Na +(aq) + H 2O(l)

(tidak ada reaksi)

Salt hydrolysis solution 1. Hydrolysis is splitting a molecule with water. (Barbara A. Gage, 2009:128)2. The term salt hydrolysis describes the reaction of an anion or a cation of a salt, or both, with water. ( Chang, R,2010: 689)3. Hidrolisis garam adalah reaksi antara komponen garam yang berasal dari asam atau basa lemah dengan air. (Michael & Sunardi, 2012: 69)The reaction of an anion or a cation of a salt, or both, with water.

Co Reaction of an anion or a cation of a salt or both

waterThe properties of the result of reactionsHydrolysis Metal ion hydrolysis

Esters hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of anions

Hydrolysis of alkaline Salts that produce neutral solutions

Salts that produce basic solutions

Salts that produce acidic solutionsNH 4 +(aq) +H 2O(aq) NH 3(aq) +H 3O +(aq)Na +(aq) + H 2O(l) (tidak ada reaksi)

A simpler buffer solution can be prepared by adding comparable molar amounts of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and its salt (CH3COONa) to water.