Ajamilamoksa

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Aj amila-Moksa-Prabandha of Narayana Bhatta

Author(s): V. Venkatarma arm strSource: Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1926),pp. 295-300Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the School of Oriental and African StudiesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/606843 .Accessed: 29/03/2013 10:58

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AJAMILA-MOKSA-PRABANDHA OF NARAYANA BHATTABy PANDIT V. VENKATARAMA SARMA ASTRI, VIDYXBHIfSANATHE Campfi-prabandha Ajdmiila-maksa s a little literary work

belonging to Travancore. In publishing it I am relying on aMalayalam manuscriptwritten on cadjanleaves, which I obtainedfromMr.Tazhaman aftkararTantri of Chenganur n the TravancoreState.A piece of poetry interspersedwith proseis called a Campfi-prabandha,or Prabandha,1 n the Karala country. Thereis evidence of many ofsuch Prabandhas having been extant in Travancore. Written onthe basis of Puranic stories, these Prabandhas tend to propagatereligious faith among the people. A Hindu sub-caste namedCakyar2 used to present, with commendable histrionic skill, themost interesting episodes of the famous epics and Puran.as throughthese Prabandhas. Even at the present time, when national art hasbecome almost extinct in India, the Cakyars, who make it theirhereditary profession, represent these Prabandhas in the Hindutemples during the annual festivals, when people congregate in theirthousands. But, as the encouragementwhich they had been receivingin the past has been steadily on the wane, they have become merefigureheads, ignorant of Sanskrit and devoid of expository skill.Besides being preachersof Prabandhas,the Cakyarswerehereditaryactors of the Sanskritdramas,which they used to exhibit in accordancewith the rules of dramatic art expounded by Bharata. Their actinghas been popularly named k.d4iydttam.

The dramas or parts ofdramas which were ordinarily acted by them were Nagananda,Mantrafika (from the Pratijni-a-yaugandharayana), 5phlikafkaand Svapn?ika (from the Svapna-visavadatta), Dhanafjaya, Sam-varana, Kalyana-saugandhika, Bhagavadajjuka, and Parna-siliika,

ftirpanakhanka,and ASgkavanikafika in Ciaddmani-ndtaka. NeitherPrabandha-preachingnor kf.diyittamwere performed by the Cakyars

anywhere else than in the Temple Mandapa. The important part oftheir acting consisted of gestures of hands and movements of thebody, which might appear crude and nonsensical to the eyes of the

1 The Dravidians used to give the name Prabandha to purely poetical worksalso, e.g., the Dravidian Veda of the gri Viisrnavas named Nadlyira-prabandham.2 By name k7ittaccakkayan n Tamil. The existence of these Cdkyars in earlytimes is evidenced in the third part (Vai~jikka1.dam) of the famous Tamil workGilappadigdram, which mentions these Kfittaccakkayas as acting the kotticcedamepisode in the Puri~ic story of Tripura-dahana

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296 P. V. v. s. SASTRI-civilized artist accustomed to the fashionable movements of themodern stages. It is noteworthy to state here, however, that I havehadto fillup a certain lost portion of this manuscript from the memoryof a Cakyar.The statements made about the life of NMrayanaBhatta, the authorof the present manuscript, by K. VasudEvan Maittatu in the sixthvolume of Kjra~la-grantha-mdld,1nd by V. Nagam Aiya in the Travan-core State Manual 2 and also by T. Ganapati kastri in the prefaceto the 18th volume 3 of the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, all agreeas to the time during which he flourished, but differ in many otherrespects.

Narayana Bhatta was a native of South Malabar, at presenta British Indian District in South India, and a NambdidiriBrahman,and well versed in the different branches of Sanskrit Literature, suchas grammar, astrology, medicine, the VWdas, tc. He was a versatileauthor. Many works are ascribed to him in various departmentsof knowledge, including Prakriya-sarvasva (not printed), a treatiseon Sanskrit grammar praised even by Bhatt.ji DIksita, Mana-mny6daya, on Mimamsa (published in the Trivandrum SanskritSeries), gilpi-ratna, on architecture, Dhatu-kavya, another importantwork on grammar, NMrayanlya publishedin the TrivandrumSanskritSeries), a devotional poem to Kr.na, and several famous prabandhassuch as Rajasiaya, Svaha-sudhakara (published in the Kavya-malaseries), Subhadra-harana,Nrga-maksa, etc. Narayana was an authorin Malayalam also. Kfittappadakam, Kodiya-viraham and Candri-k6tsavam are considered to be his works.The date of his birth is determined by the words Ayur-dr6gya-scukhyarm ccurringat the end of his Narayaniya, which are believedto indicate the date on which the book was finished. Calculatingfrom this, that kali-dina falls on Sunday, the 23rd Vricika of 763Malabarera, i.e. apparently in A.D. 1590.

AJAMILAMOKSAPRABANDHAOF NIRXYA NABHATTA.

NMrayan.ticaturaksaram?va pumsamkaivalyam akalayateti vidhiiya papan *samkatita.mnijasutE 'py

avas6 yad uktval1bhe par.mgatim Ajamilabhuimidaval1I (1)1 Edition of Mangalbdayarp Company, Trichfir, Cochin.2 Part II, Language and Literature.3 Niriyaniyam by Ndriyana Bhatta.

4 [Pdpatm?-L. D. B.]



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AJAMILA-MOKSA-PRABANDHA OF NARAYANA BHATrA 297Amanusatapabal6 haripadambuj6bhaktimanyamadiparisilanad iha nitanta'antantarah IAjamila iti grutas sakalav~da'dstrhrthaviddvijatimakutimainissamudabhfid abhfit6pamah 11 (2)VWd.suprathitan vidhaya

vidhivad dharmangrhasthasraminitva kaficana kalam aficitasukhamuirfitsaman6 gurfin I?kasmin divas? svatatavacasa karmaditfn1 adaradanatum sa samitku'an vanam udfidh6tsdham adhaukata 11 (3)Gadyam. Tatra khalu vicitrataratarulatdnikaranirantar?madhura-

madhukarajhamkaramukharitadigantar? vanabhyantar svalpamapi nimittam uddisya kramarahitam analpafi jalpata vinisrastamvastram api nistrapam aganayata aracitabahutaragh6samakaranameva hasata prasvaram udgayatantarantara priyahrdayavarjanayamantharataram ivalapata lilayam adhikal6lkna 161yamdnimgenak~napi hladpib~nadrdhataramdlimgamandmpari'ithilakuntalabhdrammadavighfir.nital6canam madakalitagdnabandhuram viva'ikrta-yuvajanahrdantaram pryaj anasapitisamupajitasudhimadhurya~madhumadadvigunikrtamadanavegasamudaficitagharmakanI uficita-r6maficakaficukitasakalavayavam mudranurigasamudramagnamabhadraspadabhfitamkdm api ifidrim samadraksit II

Sadacarasaktah satatam api dharmaikaniratalhprakrtyd nird6sah pracurataradhdiry6 'pi tarasasa tiam drstvAivArat smaradaraparipakavisamamavastham apad?kam iha bhuvi kamo na laghayRtII (4)Cittamitasyam prasaktam va'ayitum akhildir&sayatndir agaktalbsmrtva tam eva bhfiyahl samajani viratal svasya dharmaddvijanma Ipitryair anyayalabdhair api dhananivahais t6sayitvd nivdsarmcakr6 tasyah saka8s viharainarasikahsantatam,manmathandhahlI(5)Sadhvim bharyaim svatatam pravayasam anuptatvalambdm

athambamtyaktva tatpritihat6r anucitam api cauradikamkarma krtva Ilabdhdir arthair ajasratm pranayavivasadhis tatkutumbamprapusnan

nirlajj6 'sav andisid bahusamayam ah6 stripisici matighni I (6)1 [Karm6citdn ?-L. D. B.]2 [This use of praya for "toddy" (cf. Winslow's Tamil Dict.) is notrecorded in B.R.-L. D. B.]



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298 P. V. V. S. SASTRI-Tasyam asann atha da a suta bhfisurasyasyadaivadantyas t.sam agamad abhidh.m

hanta Nfirdyan.ti ]piirvadrstairiha kim u tadiyair Mukundasyayad vdnamnamvam. kathayitum idarmduskrtar niskrtitvam

II (7)Sa tadanu

dasamitva.mprapya NarayanikhyEratim akuruta tasmin balak klil61aviratam api pasyann asya lilavi'.samayam ahaha jadatma m6hasindhumragah1 II (8)Gadyam. Tatag cantyakal samprapt s6 'pi dussahamarsatibhi-

Eanityantarakt6dvrttambarisasadrkseksan6ditvarasusuksanisphulim-gapi amgitapur6bhaggn atiparusitatamr6rdhvaprasaritaniitatara-gir6ruhaakalitajimfltajalan candatarabhujadandamanditamahatta-madand.6dbhramananipun.tinisthurttahst.pasphuta mdryamanar-alavikatadamstrakarIlan antarantara samudiryamn.itmakrtaduskr-tavratan asitavarnan atibhayaimkardn antakakimkaran antik?samdl6kya nirbharabhayave avivaigbhtfitutayab pura kificidAcyutasmrtivasanabalat kridallupam balakam uddigya nijagalarpi-tapaisvakarsananiruddha vasam vicchinnaksarar. Nardyan.tyabhap.it

Itthamrvyarthikrt yub sa tu mrtisamaye natum atmanam dradayatan viksya 16katritayabhayakaran pretarajasya dfitanpfirvasya vasanaya balata iha krt nakapap6 'pi bhfiyahs6ccair Ndrayan.ti svasutam atibhayad ajuhv kulatm 11 (9)Gadyam. Tavad eva namakirtanam ?vamvidham avastham

gatasya tasya mukhatalh samupakarnya parikalpitapalaniyadhay6mahitasusamabharanaramaniyavil6kanab arakalitaaamkhacakragada-parmkaruha mahamerava iva samullasitacamikaradyutipitambar~hsatkavyasandarbha iva mahitagunMlar.mkraparibhasuravaray6sajanaiva man6haramgaraga ravikaraugha iva d6savasanadrsyamana mabhaisir iti ma bhaisir iti jaladagh6sagabhiraya gird karuntaramgi-tair apargapatair api tam ativa harsayantah paramapurusaparsaddstvaritataram abhipatul 11

Tavad ?va caturah pur6 bhuvi caturbhujanurukrpamrta-syandimafijutaramandahasaiirikrt&khiladigantardnmTnakun.dalakiritahravanamMlyapitavasan6jjvalannilaniradavil6bhaniyasusamandadarsa Hariparsadan I1 (10)



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AJAMILA-MOXSA-PRABANDIHAOF NARAYANA BHATTA 299Vikarsatastatas tipms ? sampasyajdmilamrgal. Ivimuficat ti rurudhustarasa Visnuparsadall[ (11)Atha ruddha Haridfitair Yamabhrtyah kalitavismayas tarasviraltarabahumanad Evamav6can gabhiraydvac II (12)KEva yfiyam na dEvalikim u punarupadvah,

kimanye mahant6veskakraprakdral.kathayati bhavatam bhavyatalr divyatalr capranan etasya nanavidhaduritavat6 yatanam natukamanasman kasmad idanim arudhata ca vibh6r Dharmarajasyadfitan I1

(13)Vaivasvatasya bhrtyanam evamrvacam nisamya tE Iittham fcur Harer dfita mugdhasmaramukhambujahII (14)Prcchamah sadhu yusman idam akhilavibh6r Dharmarajasya

dfitankidrg dharmasvarfipahkathayata visayah k6 'pi dandasya 16kEsarvEkin nv asya dandya jagati yad aparam kin nu dharmaika-nisthamyad vd kiin tf nu samyag duritam ahar ah6 yE vitanvantyadharmam 11 (15)Gadyam. Atha t? yathsirutam pratyavadan IAmnayair vihit6 'yam atra bhuvanEdharm6 'nisiddh6 'parailhvEddstE'pi jagattrayimayatanur devas sa Narayanal.asmin dharmapathEcarann avisay6 dandasya punyaprabh 1y6 'nyasmin niratah puman sa tu budhair dandy6 'tranirniyatm(16)Ayam ca pitardu tyaja svagrhinimca sadhvi.mpunaramasva kulatayut5 virama dharmatal sviyatal.iprap6saya kutumbakam,paradhanarmmusaninvaham

2vinindyam iti nakar6t kim iha karma kamatural j (17)Punar api Haridfita Yamyadfitan avbcanjananasatasahasrairduskrtaughEk#rt 'piyad iha sakrd anena vyahrtamnnama Visn6rviditam ahaha kin n5 niskrtis tatkrta valh I (18)

(1 Should we read punyaprabhor ?-L. D. B.][2 This is an example of the use of the imperative in lieu of a finite tense

kriydsamabhiharj, to denote a series of acts, to which Panini alludes, III, iv, 2.-L. D. B.]



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300 AJAMILA-MORSA-PRABANDHAOF NARAYANA BHATTA

Ninpm agha.mdahati ndma Hararabuddhyapy

Akhydtamamayam ivausadham agnir Edhal.)amnnyabhrtyam akhilam amalam.punatisava HarEs u saha visanaya lunati I1 (19)Ittham tadvacanam gabhiramadhuram,dharmyam ni'amyakulastE VaivasvatakimkadIs sarabhasamragmuh svatatintikam IsriNarayanaparsadesu a gatasv Ambh6janatramita-svantal sb pi tapa* carann iha punas cagat svarfipamrHarh. 1120)

Iti Ajimi~lamaksa.msamdptamII

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