Airport PlanningTraffic Forecast, Site Selection, Classification, Configuration

Traffic Forecast: Area served by the airportOrigin and destination of residentsPopulation growth of the areaEconomic character of areaPer capita income, Types of business, retail and wholesale trade, hotel registrations, distance, population and economy of adjoining area, geographyPeak hour volume of passengers at existing airports and peak hr. movements

Checking for existing facilityWhether existing approach are suitable for future type of traffic?Capacity of runway, taxiway to handle future traffic Adequacy of terminal building, apron, hangars

If unable, it is checked whether capacity can be improved byExtending or new runwayIncreasing size of terminal buildingImproving traffic control devices

If this also is not possible, New airport is proposed

Site Selection: Points consideredRegional PlanAirport use (Military or civilian)Proximity to other airportsGround AccessibilityTopography: Obstructions: free from trees, poles, buildingsDrainage: grading and soil characteristicsWind: direction, duration and intensityVisibility: free from fog, smokeNoise: land to be free from industrial/urban developmentUtilities: availability of town utilities

Surveys for Selection of SiteTraffic surveyMeteorological Survey: wind data, rainfall, temperature, barometric pressureTopographical surveys: contour map showing natural and man made featuresSoil survey: soil type, GWTDrainage survey: quantity of storm water, outlets for drainage, diversions of natural streamsMaterial survey: availability of construction material, mode of transport for materials

Site SelectionType and development of surrounding area: present and future land use, control of building activities by zoning laws, buffer zones to protect from noiseAtmospheric conditionsFog and smoke reduces visibility and lowers capacity, presence of wind affects these Accessibility to ground transportTime required from and to destination point from the airport siteAvailability of land for expansionConsidering future demands additional land must be available for expansion to accommodate new facilities.

Site selectionPresence of other airportsCertain minimum distance is required between airports, depends on volume and type of trafficSurrounding obstructionsCertain clear zones are required for landing and takeoff, if obstructions are present they need to be removed. Care necessary at highway, railway pointsEconomy of constructionSite with min cost of const is selected from alternativesAvailability of utilitiesWater, gas, electricity, fuel, vehicles and approach roads should be available

Airport Classification: To identify quickly the size, function or service of airport, classification is madeICAO Classification: (International Civil Aviation Organization)

Letter from A to G are given according to length of runway. Does not include function or serviceESWL is another criteria.Equivalent Single Wheel Load, varies from 45000 to 2000 kg and numbered from 1 to 7Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) classification

Based on function. Two categories: general and carrier

ICAO Classification

LetterWidth mGradeRunway Length mA451.25-2520 minB451.2525202100C451.5021001770D451.5017701500E451.5015001260F451.5012601050G301.501050900

ESWL Classification

Number ESWL kgTyre pr. Kg/cm21450008.52340007.03270007.04200007.05130006.0670005.0720002.5

FAA ClassificationLocal: serve local routes, length not greater than 800 kmTrunk: intermediate length routes not greater than 1600 kmContinental: serving long non stop flights upto 3200 kmIntercontinental: long nonstop flights in transoceanic, transcontinental category

Large traffic, variety of aircrafts, multiple runways of greater widths

Airport layouts/configurationAirport consists of Landing area, terminal area and air traffic controlLanding Area: consists of runways, interconnecting taxiways to terminal areaTerminal area: consists of building, aprons, hangars, car parking. The layout should have: independent and non interfering landing, taxiing and take off. Short taxiways, safe and sufficient runways, safe approaches, adequate aprons, building facility, space for future expansion.

Capacity and efficiency depends on these 3 elements of airport. Typical layouts can be: Term.bldg. Hangar. Apron TaxiwaysSingle runwayRunway 1Runway 2Apron Apron Apron Apron T. B. Hangar Two parallel runway

TAHangarHangarRRRRRRCircular Configuration

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