Upload
others
View
5
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
DE
N572
Presented by
Pam Keidel-Adams, Landrum & Brown
Brian Poe, Landrum & Brown
PRESENTATION
ACRP Project 03-17 Evaluating Airfield Capacity
February 13, 2012
2 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Objectives of Research
Develop Guidebook for airport planners
– All types of airports
– Runways, taxiways, apron areas, aircraft parking positions,
approach/departure procedures
Assess existing modeling techniques beyond AC 150/5060-5 and
ACM
– Identify capabilities and limitations of the existing techniques
– Develop specifications and functional prototype for new model
Present capacity modeling guidelines for
– Determining the appropriate level of modeling sophistication
– Making the process more consistent from airport to airport
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
3 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
ACRP Project 03-17 – Panel and Project Team
Panel and ACRP Support
Rick Busch, Denver – Chair
Greg Albjerg, HNTB
Monica Alcabin, Boeing
David Byers, University of Nebraska
Nancy Dorighi, NASA
Bruce Love, URS
Scott Marsh, PANY&NJ
ACRP Support
Theresia Schatz, ACRP
Joseph Snell, ACRP
Liaison members
Aimee McCormick, FAA
Chris Oswald, ACI-NA
Kent Duffy, FAA
Don Guffey, FAA
Richard Cunard, TRB
Timmy RoIf Schindler, GAO
LeighFisher
Bill Dunlay, PI
Suzanne Akkoush, Project Manager
Landrum & Brown
Matt Lee, Deputy, Deputy PI
Pam Keidel-Adams, Deputy PM
Brian Poe
University of California, Berkeley
Mark Hansen
Liuyi Feier
George Mason University
Lance Sherry
Presentation & Design, Inc.
Patti J. Douglas
4 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
ACRP 03-17 – Deliverables
1. Guidebook
2. Decision Hierarchy – How to Choose a Level of Modeling
Sophistication
3. New and Newly Available Tools
a. Prototype of New Spreadsheet Tools
b. Assessment of MITRE runwaySimulator (plans for public release)
4. Final Report
Project deliverables will provide comprehensive
tools for evaluating airfield capacity
5 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Scoping Issues for the Project
1. Definitions of Capacity
2. Capacity vs. Aircraft Delay
3. Airfield Components
Three major scope items that define project
6 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
1. Definitions of Capacity
Maximum Throughput:
– How many aircraft operations can a particular airfield accommodate in
given period when there is a continuous demand for service in that
period (i.e., the period is saturated)?
Practical Capacity or Service Volume:
– How many aircraft operations can a particular airfield accommodates at a
specified level of service (e.g., at a specified level of aircraft delay)?
Time interval (15-minutes, hourly, daily, annual)
Guidebook will suggest under what circumstances the various
definitions are appropriate.
7 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
2. Estimating Capacity vs. Aircraft Delay
Will focus on methods for estimating capacity not delay
Will emphasize “maximum-throughput” definition of airfield
capacity rather than practical/service-volume capacity
Will provide guidance and examples for using capacity
estimates in analytical models for estimating aircraft delay
8 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
3. Airfield Components
Major emphasis will be on runways and close-in terminal airspace
Taxiways, aprons, and gates will be included only in terms of how
they affect runway/airspace capacity
– Runway exit and entrance taxiways, parallel taxiways, runway crossings,
bypass taxiways, aprons
– High-level measures of gate capacity vs. airfield capacity
9 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Guidebook Overview
10 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 2 – Review of Airfield Capacity Concepts
1. Capacity definitions
a. Maximum sustainable throughput
b. Delay-based
2. Factors that Affect Capacity
3. Levels of Capacity Modeling
Sophistication
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
Primary Reliever GA
Airport Geometry
Runway Exit Design
Runway Entrance Taxiways
Staging Pads/Taxiways
Runway Crossings
Parallel Taxiway
Airport User Information
Aircraft Fleet Mix
Daily Demand Distribution
Aircraft Performance
Avionics Equipage
Braking Action
Random Variability
Runway Use & ATC Procedures
Applicability of Visual Flight Rules
Wake Turbulence #N/A #N/A
Weather
Multiple Approach Technology #N/A #N/A
Runway Specific Fleet Mix
Human Factors
Air Traffic Controller Workload #N/A
Air-Ground Communications
Random Variability
Airspace Factors
Departure Fix Restrictions
Neighboring Airports
Missed Approach
Airport Type
21 Factors
11 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 2 – Levels of Modeling Sophistication
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
12 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – New and Newly Available Capacity Evaluation
Tools and Guidance
1. Prototype of New Spreadsheet Models (Levels 1, 2, and 3)
2. Soon-to-be-released Level 4 Model – MITRE runwaySimulator
3. Guidance on Estimating Capacity of Specialty Cases
a. Effects of partial parallel taxiways and runway crossings
b. Effects of staggered runway thresholds/runway ends
c. Aircraft type runway-use restrictions
d. Airports without an operating Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
13 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – Prototype of New Spreadsheet Tool
Addresses 3 levels of modeling sophistication in 1 tool
Macro-enabled Excel-based file using “tabs”
Will have 3 model options
– Single runway
– Parallel runways
– Intersecting runways
Can calculate hourly capacity and Annual Service Volume
(ASV) as defined in FAA AC 150/5060-5, Airport Capacity and
Delay
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
14 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – Levels of Modeling
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
15 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – Prototype of Spreadsheet Model
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
Airfield Capacity Estimation using Spreadsheet Models
Use the spreadsheet model to quickly estimate airfield capacities for Arrivals only, Departures only and Mixed Operations.
ENTER OR ADJUST MODEL INPUTS
Light Green fill, with Bold Green text
OBSERVE AND EVALUATE OUTPUTS
Blue fill, with Bold White text
USE RESET BUTTON TO RETURN INPUTS TO DEFAULT SETTINGS
Grey fill, with Bold Red text
Calculated/Linked Values & Descriptions have white backgrounds
Comments are attached to Input descriptions to provide understanding/definitions to input titles
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
Reset Inputs
Calculated Values Linked Values
16 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – Partial Input Screen
Meteorological Conditions 90% 10%
VMC-Departure-Arrival Separation 2.0 nm Arrival - Arrival Std. Dev. 18.0 sec
IMC-Departure-Arrival Separation 2.0 nm Departure ROT Std. Dev. 6.0 sec
Length of Common Approach 7.0 nm Z-Value, 95% Confidence 1.645 ------------
Operations Assumption on Touch -N- Go's 0% T-Factor (Touch-N-Go's) 1.00
Aircraft Classification
New Category
Previous FAA Category A B C C C C D
Maximum Gross Takeoff Weight
(MTOW)
Less than 12,500
lbs (Single Engine)
Less than
12,500 lbs
(Twin Engine)
Between
12,500 lbs and
41,000 lbs
Between 41,000
lbs and 255,000
lbs
Between 41,000
lbs and 255,000
lbs
Boeing 757
Series
More than
300,000 lbs
Fleet Mix Enter the actual or expected % share each aircraft class
Share Allocations 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Arrival Runway Occupancy Time Enter the estimated time from touchdown to runway clearance
Time in Seconds 35 40 42 48 52 55 60
Average Approach Speeds Enter the average suggested manufacturers final approach speed under normal conditions
Velocity in Knots 80 90 115 130 135 140 150
Runway Exit Availability 100% No 0
Full Parallel Taxiway 1.00 Yes Availability
Heavy
Excellent (4 or more Exits) Runway Crossing Demand
Full Taxiway Approach Control Radar
Use Advanced Settings to change ATC procedures and adjust
Arrival/Departure mix and priority
INPUTS
VMC, % Occurrence IMC, % Occurrence
Small - S Small - T Small + Large-TP Large-Jet Large-757
RESET INPUTS
17 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – Advanced Features Example
Arrival Gap Spacing Buffer 0.0 sec <----OR----> 1.0 nmiles
Departure Hold Buffer 0.0 sec
Arrival-Arrival Separation Requirements Distance in Nautical Miles (nm)
Trailing Aircraft Leading Aircraft VMC IMC
Small-S --- Heavy Small-S, Small-T 1.9 3.0 3 Alternate IMC Minimum
Small-S --- Small+ Small + 1.9 3.0 3 (if Observed AROT < 50 Seconds)
Large --- Heavy Small + 1.9 3.0 3 Use 2.5 nm in place of 3.0 nm?
Small-S --- Small+ Large-TP, Jet 2.7 4.0
Large --- Heavy Large-TP, Jet 1.9 3.0 3
Small-S --- Small+ Large-757 3.7 5.0
Large --- Heavy Large-757 2.7 4.0
Small-S --- Small-T Heavy 4.6 6.0
Small + --- 757 Heavy 3.6 5.0
Heavy Heavy 2.7 4.0
Departure - Departure Separation Requirements Time in Seconds
Trailing Aircraft Leading Aircraft VMC IMC
Small-S --- Small + Small-S- Small + 35 60
Large -TP --- Large 757 Small-S- Small + 45 60
Heavy Small-S- Small + 50 60
Small-S --- Small+ Large 50 60
Large --- Heavy Large 60 60
Small-S --- Large 757 Heavy 120 120
Heavy Heavy 90 90
Arrival Gap Spacing Buffer
No
Use Advanced Settings to change ATC procedures and adjust
Arrival/Departure mix and priority
18 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – Partial Output Screen
Capacity estimates for:
• Arrival priority
• Departure priority
• Various percentages
of arrivals
Similar to capacity
charts in the FAA
Airport Capacity
Benchmark Report
2004 (and upcoming
2011)
VMC IMC Average
Arrivals Only Capacity 34 26 33
Arrivals Only Capacity (including TNG's) 34 26 33
Departures Only Capacity 60 60 60
Mixed Ops - Departure Capacity (including TNG's) 34 26 33
Total Mixed Operations Capacity 67 52 66
Arrivals Percentage 50% 50% 50%
VMC
VMC Arrival -Departure Capacity Frontier
Save - Used for Graphing only!
Used in Graph
Departures Arrivals Departures Arrivals Departures Arrivals
0 34 0 26 0 33 0 3434 34 26 26 33 33 34 34
60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0
VMC IMC Average
OUTPUTS
Pareto Frontier Chart Selection
0, 3434, 34
60, 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Arr
ival
s/H
ou
r
Departures/Hour
VMC Arrival -Departure Capacity Frontier
19 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 4 – MITRE runwaySimulator
ACRP 03-17 Project will provide an independent assessment
of the runwaySimulator for purposes of airfield capacity
evaluation
– Developed at MITRE CAASD
– Discrete-event simulator based on link-node system
– Simulates aircraft on runways & terminal airspace
– Comparison with data from ASPM database
– Appropriate level of modeling sophistication and applications
MITRE plans to release this model to the public in 2012
Jennifer Gentry and Bill Swedish of MITRE will cover this model in more detail
20 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 5 – How to Select the Level of Modeling Sophistication
Hierarchy/Decision Tree (see next 6 slides)
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
21 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 5 – Decision Hierarchy 1: Data Requirements / Availability
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
22 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 5 – Decision Hierarchy 2: Checklist Items (1 of 3)
23 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 5 – Decision Hierarchy 2: Checklist Items (2 of 3)
24 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 5 – Decision Hierarchy 2: Checklist Items (3 of 3)
25 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 5 – Decision Hierarchy 3: Questionnaire (1 of 2)
26 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 5 – Decision Hierarchy 3: Questionnaire (2 of 2)
27 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Chapter 6: Subsequent Uses of Capacity Information
1. Demand-Capacity Comparisons
2. Aircraft Delay Estimation
3. Aircraft delay-based definitions of capacity (e.g., annual
service volume as defined in FAA FACT studies)
4. Reference ACRP Project 03-20, Defining and Measuring
Aircraft Delay and Airport Capacity Thresholds
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
28 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Guidebook Appendices
A. User’s Guide for Spreadsheet Model
B. Available Guidance on MITRE runwaySimulator
C. Definitions of Terms
D. Essential References and Data Sources
E. Case Studies – lessons learned
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
29 Transportation Research Board 91
st Annual Meeting
Session 562: Jan 24, 2012, 1:30PM- 3:15PM
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity
JC
I646
Next Steps
1. Submit draft Guidebook, draft Final Report, and results of
modeling tasks to ACRP Panel for review in February 2012
2. Submit final Project deliverables to ACRP by end of March
2012
3. Expect publication of final ACRP Report a few months
thereafter
ACRP 03-17: Evaluating Airfield Capacity