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8/9/2019 AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION (TKA 3301) LECTURE NOTES 2-What is Air Pollution
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Dr. Marzuki Hj. IsmailDr. Marzuki Hj. Ismail
Semester I 2009/10Semester I 2009/10
ENTECHENTECH
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ObjectivesObjectives
Understand air and layers of atmosphere Define pollution air pollution
Types of air pollution
Sources of air pollution
Scales of air pollution
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Mixture of gases is commonly known as air
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Various gasses that surrounds the earthto a depth of 1000km, or about 600 miles
Thin Gaseous envelope
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Earth
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Contamination of any feature of theenvironment'.
Pollution has the following characteristics:1. It is the addition of substance at a faster rate
than the environment can accommodate.
2. Pollutants are not only chemicals, but also formsof energy like heat, sound (noise pollution) andradioactive rays.
3. To be a pollutant, a material has to be
potentially harmful to life.
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any direct or indirect alteration of the physical,thermal, chemical, biological properties of anypart of the environment by discharging, emittingor depositing environmentally hazardous
substances, pollutants, or wastes so as to affectany beneficial use adversely, to cause acondition which is hazardous or potentiallyhazardous to public health, safety, or welfare toanimals, birds, wildlife, fish, or aquatic life or toplants or to cause a contradiction of anycondition, limitation, or restriction to which alicense under this Act is subject.
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Started with wood fires used for heat andcooking
Coal used for fuel; smoke filled the cities
In 13th century, coal smoke had becomea serious nuisance and prompted the firstantipollution law
In 1273, Edward I prohibited the burning
of coal while Parliament was in session
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Combustion sources that burn fuels for heatingand power
Exhaust emissions from vehicles that usegasoline or diesel fuel
Industry, manufacturing, and processing
Residential heating
Waste incineration Miscellaneous (warfare, recreation, etc)
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Ambient air is the air to which the generalpublic has access, i.e. any unconfined portionof the atmosphere.
The 2 basic physical forms of air pollutants
are particulate matter and gases.
Physical Form of AirPhysical Form of Air
PollutantsPollutants
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Primary pollutants - CO, SO2, NOx, HC, VOC, PM
Secondary pollutants - O3, nitrates, sulfates
Criteria pollutants - most common air pollutantsin Malaysia
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Control of secondarypollutants is generally moreproblematic than that ofprimary pollutants, becausemitigation of secondarypollutants requires theidentification of theprecursor compounds andtheir sources as well as anunderstanding of thespecific chemical reactionsthat result in the formation
of the secondary pollutants.
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Suspended particulate matter (SPM) Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (Sox) Lead
Ozone (O3)
Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs)
Hazardous air pollutants (Air toxics)
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Can be divided into 4 scale/type:
GlobalGlobal Stratospheric O
3depletion
Climate change (G Warming) due to GHG
RegionalRegional Acid rain
Haze
LocalLocal CO, NO
x, SO
x, PM, O
3
IndoorIndoor PM, VOC (Air Toxic), ETS, CO, Biological, CO
2
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3 major sources of air pollution in Malaysia:3 major sources of air pollution in Malaysia: Mobile sourcesMobile sources
Stationary sourcesStationary sources
Open burning sourcesOpen burning sources
Major Sources of Air Pollution
Open Burning
Stationary
Mobile
Mobile Stationary Open Burning
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