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Air Pressure:Air Pressure:“Mystery Matter” Stations “Mystery Matter” Stations
ReviewReview!!
Ch. 15.1Ch. 15.1
Please take out your Please take out your mystery matter data sheets mystery matter data sheets
and open up your IAN. Mark and open up your IAN. Mark your notes 2/11your notes 2/11
Air Pressure ReviewAir Pressure Review
Air has mass.Air has mass.
Air takes up space.Air takes up space.
Air has density.Air has density.
Air can move.Air can move.
Air pressureAir pressure is the is the weight of a column weight of a column of air pressing down of air pressing down on an area.on an area.
Let’s discuss each fact and Let’s discuss each fact and how they relate to our how they relate to our
stations!stations!
Just a little more Just a little more magic! magic!
Atmosphere/PressureAtmosphere/Pressure
Atmosphere Atmosphere held in place by gravityheld in place by gravity
Pressure Pressure strongest at surfacestrongest at surface-more air -more air above youabove you
**as altitude increases, air pressure as altitude increases, air pressure decreasesdecreases– Stack of booksStack of books– (Volleyball example)(Volleyball example)
Air PressureAir Pressure
As Air Pressure As Air Pressure decreases, so does decreases, so does density.density.
AtmosphereAtmosphere
Atmosphere: Atmosphere: a mixture of gases that a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth: acts like a blanketsurrounds Earth: acts like a blanket
– Contains mostly Contains mostly nitrogen78% & then nitrogen78% & then oxygen21%oxygen21%
– Also has solids and liquids, what are they?Also has solids and liquids, what are they?– Protects from sunProtects from sun
Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere-Troposphere-we live here, weather we live here, weather happens herehappens here
Stratosphere: Stratosphere: ozone layerozone layer
Mesosphere: Mesosphere: “middle layer”, coldest“middle layer”, coldest
The ionosphere: The ionosphere: Upper meso and lower Upper meso and lower thermo, absorbs harmful solar energy. thermo, absorbs harmful solar energy. (auroras exist here)(auroras exist here)
Thermosphere:Thermosphere: satellites, air particles satellites, air particles move fastmove fast
Mnemonic Device:Mnemonic Device:
EarthEarth
TheThe
ScienceScience
MonsterMonster
TookTook
EverythingEverything
Egg in Egg in bottlebottle
Fire warmed up air inside, molecules escaped Fire warmed up air inside, molecules escaped before egg was put on top and when egg before egg was put on top and when egg wobbled.wobbled.
When fire went out, temperature cooled, When fire went out, temperature cooled, molecules condensed, changing air pressure.molecules condensed, changing air pressure.
Since the pressure outside bottle was higher, Since the pressure outside bottle was higher, the higher pressure tried to get in the bottle.the higher pressure tried to get in the bottle.
Since the egg is squeezable, it got pushed into Since the egg is squeezable, it got pushed into the bottle by the air.the bottle by the air.
15.2 Atmospheric Heating15.2 Atmospheric Heating
You are lying in a park with your eyes You are lying in a park with your eyes closed, and you feel the warmth of the sun closed, and you feel the warmth of the sun on your face.on your face.
Did you ever realize that it takes a little Did you ever realize that it takes a little more than 8 minutes for the energy to more than 8 minutes for the energy to travel to your face from a star 149,000,000 travel to your face from a star 149,000,000 km away?km away?
Weather FactorsWeather Factors
Sun’s energy travels to earth as Sun’s energy travels to earth as Electromagnetic waves.Electromagnetic waves.
Weather FactorsWeather Factors
Scattering: Reflections of light in all Scattering: Reflections of light in all directions.directions.
Why is the sky blue?Why is the sky blue?
RadiationRadiation
Sun on your face Sun on your face
standing by campfirestanding by campfire
direct transfer of energy by direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves electromagnetic waves through space.through space.
ConductionConduction
Bare feet burned by hot sandBare feet burned by hot sand
direct transfer of heat from one substance direct transfer of heat from one substance to another through to another through direct contact.direct contact.
ConvectionConvection
Basement colder than Basement colder than upstairsupstairstransfer of heat by the transfer of heat by the movement of fluid or air. movement of fluid or air. Hot air rises, cold air Hot air rises, cold air sinks.sinks.Transfer of energy by Transfer of energy by circulationcirculation..
ExamplesExamples
Cooking on the stove-pot on burnerCooking on the stove-pot on burner
Hot air balloon risingHot air balloon rising
Fireplace warming a roomFireplace warming a room
Curling iron on hairCurling iron on hair
Blow dryer on hairBlow dryer on hair
Air from furnace heating the houseAir from furnace heating the house
How is Earth heated?How is Earth heated?
Light/heat from the sun Light/heat from the sun RADIATESRADIATES through the atmosphere, hits the Earth through the atmosphere, hits the Earth where it is absorbed.where it is absorbed.This heats the air above it by This heats the air above it by CONDUCTIONCONDUCTION..This heat rises up to the greenhouse This heat rises up to the greenhouse gases where it is trapped, cools, sinks and gases where it is trapped, cools, sinks and heats at the surface again.-heats at the surface again.-CONVECTIONCONVECTION..
Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect
These gases absorb These gases absorb the heat and act as a the heat and act as a “blanket” to keep “blanket” to keep Earth warm.Earth warm.
Some greenhouse Some greenhouse gases: water, gases: water, methane, carbon methane, carbon dioxide.dioxide.
Runaway Greenhouse EffectRunaway Greenhouse Effect
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/global_warming_version2.htmlglobal_warming_version2.html
Global Warming CausesGlobal Warming CausesNatural:Volcanoes
Solar flares
Flatulence
Cycle
Orbit
Snow
Poop
Cows
Forest fires
Methane release in the arctic tundra
Manmade Causes:Manmade Causes:Industry
Deforestation
Cars
Fossil fuels
Hairspray
Wars
Blow dryers
Heat/AC
Hot water
Arms race
Nuclear waste
Coal burning
Electricity
Land fills
Acid rain
Define and DesignDefine and Design
Draw, color, label and explain your own Draw, color, label and explain your own picture of the Greenhouse Effect.picture of the Greenhouse Effect.
Egg in Egg in bottlebottle
Fire warmed up air inside, molecules escaped Fire warmed up air inside, molecules escaped before egg was put on top and when egg before egg was put on top and when egg wobbled.wobbled.
When fire went out, temperature cooled, When fire went out, temperature cooled, molecules condensed, changing air pressure.molecules condensed, changing air pressure.
Since the pressure outside bottle was higher, Since the pressure outside bottle was higher, the higher pressure tried to get in the bottle.the higher pressure tried to get in the bottle.
Since the egg is squeezable, it got pushed into Since the egg is squeezable, it got pushed into the bottle by the air.the bottle by the air.