Air Pollution Reduction at the Bridge of the Americasserver.cocef.org/Final_Reports_B2012/20114/20114... · iv Abstract A transportation and air quality impact study was performed

Final Report

Air Pollution Reduction at the Bridge of the Americas

PREPARED BY:

Teresa Sosa, M.S., EIT

Kelvin Ruey Long Cheu, Ph.D., P.E.

Wen-Whai Li, Ph.D.,P.E.

Department of Civil Engineering

The University of Texas at El Paso

El Paso, TX 79968

March 7, 2012

HIDDEN TEXT: Optional—If you do not include a copyright page, de

Disclaimer

iii

Acknowledgments

This project was made possible by a grant from the U.S. EPA, through the Border 2012

Binational Program, managed by the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission (BECC). We

thank Dr. Alberto Ramirez for his support and supervision of the project. The assistance received

from the following graduate research assistants - Veronica Guerrero and Joseph Pinon and

undergraduate research assistants - Mario Lopez and Daniel Perez of the Air Quality Research

Laboratory, and Manual Palma of the Transportation Laboratory at UTEP is appreciated. Teresa Sosa

was supported by a fellowship from the NSF Bridge to Doctorate program and Joseph Pinon was

partially supported by a grant from the U.S. EPA through the Southwest Consortium for

Environmental Research and Policy (SCERP). The contents of this report are solely the

responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the BECC.

iv

Abstract

A transportation and air quality impact study was performed at the Bridge of the

Americas (BOTA), an international border crossing between the U.S. and México in El Paso,

Texas. Traffic counts and air pollutant concentrations at a location immediately adjacent to the

BOTA were measured for four one-week periods, namely one week in each season between

April 12, 2010 and January 18, 2011. Three future transportation mitigation scenarios and one

no-action scenario in 2035 as well as a 2010 baseline scenario were evaluated.

While the total number of vehicles crossing the BOTA increases in all future scenarios,

vehicles are expected to function more efficient and emit less pollutants in future years, hence

even if traffic is projected to increase, emissions are likely to decrease. Air quality impacts

resulting from the emissions from the 4 future transportation scenarios show little difference.

Pollutant concentrations at the BOTA were found to be an order-of-magnitude greater than those

observed at nearby community air monitoring station (CAMS 41). Off-site air quality impacts

resulting from BOTA emissions of VOC, NOx, PM, and CO do not appear to be at levels of

health concern.

Although not conclusive PM measurements conducted at the BOTA showed that the PM

concentrations measured at the BOTA site were, in general, higher than those measured

concurrently at CAMS 41. The VOC data observed at the BOTA was comparable to those

reported at roadside elementary schools in El Paso. Traffic related pollutants such as BTEX

(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) were significantly higher by 3 to 4-fold at the

BOTA than indoor or outdoor of roadside schools. Benzene concentrations at the BOTA were

observed to be at the level close to TCEQ’s long-term ESL (Effects Screening Level) of 4.5

v

µg/m3 but far less than the short-term ESL of 170 µg/m

3. All other VOCs observed at the BOTA

were less than their respective ESLs promulgated by TCEQ.

vi

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments.................................................................................................. iii

Abstract .................................................................................................................. iii

Table of Contents ................................................................................................... vi

List of Tables ....................................................................................................... viii

List of Figures ....................................................................................................... xii

1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................13

1.1 Background of the Project ............................................................................14

1.2 Project Statement ..........................................................................................16

2.0 Methodology ....................................................................................................19

2.1 Site Selection for Air and Traffic Monitoring ..............................................20

3.0 Modeling ..........................................................................................................32

3.1 Transportation Modeling (VISSIM) .............................................................32

3.2 Emission Modeling .......................................................................................44

3.2.1 MOBILE6 Description ..................................................................................44

3.2.2 MOBILE6 Inputs ..........................................................................................44

3.2.3 MOBILE6 Outputs........................................................................................53

3.3 The AERMOD Model...................................................................................57

3.3.1 Background ...................................................................................................57

3.3.2a Control .................................................................................................58

3.3.2b Source ..................................................................................................59

3.3.2c Receptor ...............................................................................................59

3.3.2d Meteorology .........................................................................................60

vii

3.3.2e Output ..................................................................................................61

4.0 Results ..............................................................................................................62

4.1 Traffic Measurements ...................................................................................62

4.2 Pollutant Emissions: MOBILE6 Results ....................................................112

4.2 Pollutant Concentrations: Baseline scenario ...............................................113

4.3 Pollutant Concentrations by Scenario .........................................................117

4.3.1 Scenario 1....................................................................................................117

4.3.2 Scenario 2....................................................................................................120

4.3.3 Scenario 3....................................................................................................122

4.3.4 Scenario 4....................................................................................................124

4.4 Pollutant Concentrations by Contaminant ..................................................126

4.4.1 VOC ............................................................................................................127

4.4.2 CO ...............................................................................................................129

4.3.3 NOx .............................................................................................................131

4.4.4 PM2.5 ...........................................................................................................133

4. 5 Environmental Data Collection...................................................................133

5.0 Conclusions ....................................................................................................148

References ............................................................................................................151

Glossary ...............................................................................................................153

viii

List of Tables

Table 2.1: Monitoring Campaigns.................................................................................................19

Table 3.1 Selected days for VISSIM simulations..........................................................................34

Table 3.2 Traffic demand at BOTA on weekdays in 2010............................................................35

Table 3.3 Traffic demand at BOTA on Saturdays in 2010............................................................35

Table 3.4 Traffic demand at BOTA on Sundays in 2010..............................................................36

Table 3.5 Traffic demand at BOTA on weekdays in 2035............................................................40

Table 3.6 Traffic demand at BOTA on Saturdays in 2035............................................................40

Table 3.7 Traffic demand at BOTA on Sundays in 2035..............................................................41

Table 3.8 Simulation plan for traffic scenarios in 2035................................................................42

Table 3.9: El Paso VMT Mix for 2010..........................................................................................49

Table 3.10: El Paso registration distribution..................................................................................50

Table 3.11: 2010 Diesel fractions..................................................................................................51

Table 3.12: El Paso hourly VMT factors.......................................................................................52

Table 3.13: MOBILE6 Pollutant Categories.................................................................................55

Table 3.14: MOBILE6 Vehicle Types...........................................................................................56

Table 4.1: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 northbound on weekday.................63

Table 4.2: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 northbound on Saturday.................63

Table 4.3: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 northbound on Sunday...................64

Table 4.4: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 southbound on weekday.................64

Table 4.5: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 southbound on Saturday.................65

Table 4.6: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 southbound on Sunday...................65

Table 4.7: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 northbound on weekday..............66

Table 4.8: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 northbound on Saturday..............66

Table 4.9: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 northbound on Sunday................67

Table 4.10: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 southbound on weekday............67

Table 4.11: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 southbound on Saturday............68

Table 4.12: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 southbound on Sunday..............68

Table 4.13: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 northbound on weekday...................69

Table 4.14: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 northbound on Saturday...................69

Table 4.15: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 northbound on Sunday.....................70

Table 4.15: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 southbound on weekday...................70

Table 4.17: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 southbound on Saturday...................71

Table 4.18: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 southbound on Sunday.....................71

Table 4.19: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 northbound on weekday..............72

Table 4.20: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 northbound on Saturday..............72

Table 4.21: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 northbound on Sunday................73

Table 4.22: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 southbound on weekday..............73

Table 4.23: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 southbound on Saturday..............74

Table 4.24: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 southbound on Sunday................74

Table 4.25: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound with trucks on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................75

ix


Saturday.........................................................................................................................................76


Sunday............................................................................................................................................76

Table 4.28: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound with trucks on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................77


Saturday.........................................................................................................................................77


Sunday............................................................................................................................................78

Table 4.31: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound no truck on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................78

Table 4.32: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound no truck on

Saturday.........................................................................................................................................79

Table 4.33: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound no truck on Sunday..80

Table 4.34: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound no truck on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................81

Table 4.35: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound no truck on

Saturday.........................................................................................................................................82

Table 4.36: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound no truck on Sunday..83

Table 4.37: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 northbound with trucks on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................84


Saturday.........................................................................................................................................84


Sunday............................................................................................................................................85

Table 4.40: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 southbound with trucks on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................85


Saturday.........................................................................................................................................86


Sunday............................................................................................................................................86

Table 4.43: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 northbound no truck on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................87


Saturday.........................................................................................................................................88


Sunday............................................................................................................................................89

Table 4.46: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 southbound no truck on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................90


Saturday.........................................................................................................................................81


Sunday............................................................................................................................................92

Table 4.49: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound with trucks on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................93

x

Table 4.50: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound with trucks on

Saturday.........................................................................................................................................93

Table 4.51: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound with trucks on Sunday..94

Table 4.52: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound with trucks on

weekday.........................................................................................................................................94

Table 4.53: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound with trucks on

Saturday.........................................................................................................................................95

Table 4.54: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound with trucks on Sunday..95

Table 4.55: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound no truck on weekday.....96

Table 4.56: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound no truck on Saturday.....97

Table 4.57: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound no truck on Sunday.......98

Table 4.58: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound no truck on weekday.....99

Table 4.59: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound no truck on Saturday...100

Table 4.60: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound no truck on Sunday.....101

Table 4.61: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 northbound with trucks on

weekday.......................................................................................................................................102


Saturday.......................................................................................................................................102


Sunday..........................................................................................................................................103

Table 4.64: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 southbound with trucks on

weekday.......................................................................................................................................103


Saturday.......................................................................................................................................104


Sunday..........................................................................................................................................104

Table 4.67: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 northbound no truck on

weekday.......................................................................................................................................105


Saturday.......................................................................................................................................106


Sunday..........................................................................................................................................107

Table 4.70: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 southbound no truck on

weekday.......................................................................................................................................108


Saturday.......................................................................................................................................109


Sunday..........................................................................................................................................110

Table 4.73: Annual weekday emissions estimated by MOBILE6 at BOTA (g/sec)...................112

Table 4.74: VOC baseline concentrations in µg/m3....................................................................114

Table 4.75: CO baseline concentrations in ppm..........................................................................114

Table 4.76: NOx baseline concentrations in ppb.........................................................................115

Table 4.77: PM2.5 baseline concentrations in µg/m3....................................................................115

Table 4.78a: NOx AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ levels.....................116

Table 4.78b: NOx AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ levels.....................116

Table 4.79a: CO AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ measured levels.......116

xi

Table 4.79b: CO AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ measured levels.......116

Table 4.80: PM2.5 AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ measured levels.....116

Table 4.81: VOC Scenario 1 concentrations in µg/m3.................................................................118

Table 4.82: CO Scenario 1 concentrations in ppm......................................................................119

Table 4.83: NOx Scenario 1 concentrations in ppb.....................................................................119

Table 4.84: PM2.5 Scenario 1 concentrations in µg/m3...............................................................120

Table 4.85: VOC Scenario 2 concentrations in µg/m3................................................................120



Table 4.88: PM2.5 Scenario 2 concentrations in µg/m3................................................................122

Table 4.89: VOC Scenario 3 concentrations in µg/m3.................................................................122




Table 4.93: VOC Scenario 4 concentrations in µg/m3................................................................124




Table 4.97: Weekday average BOTA POE vehicle totals for all scenarios.................................126

Table 4.98: VOC annual concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3).............................................127

Table 4.99: VOC highest monthly average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3).................127

Table 4.100: VOC highest 24-hr average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)....................128

Table 4.101: VOC highest 1-hr average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)......................128

Table 4.102: CO annual average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm)....................................129

Table 4.103: CO first highest monthly average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm).............129

Table 4.104: CO first highest 24-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm).................130

Table 4.105: CO first highest 1-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm)...................130

Table 4.106: NOx annual average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)...................................131

Table 4.107: NOx first highest monthly average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)............131

Table 4.108: NOx first highest 24-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)................132

Table 4.109: NOx first highest 1-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)..................132

Table 4.110: PM2.5 annual average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)..............................133

Table 4.111: PM2.5 8th

24-hr average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)...........................133

Table 4.112: VOCs measured at BOTA in µg/m3.......................................................................146

xii

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Satellite image of the BOTA POE..............................................................................15

Figure 2.1: Setup of UTEP air quality vehicle for monitoring......................................................21

Figure 2.2: Aerial view of BOTA POE and discrete receptors......................................................21

Figure 2.3: TEOMs setup for monitoring campaigns....................................................................22

Figure 2.4: Tubes leading to TEOMs filters..................................................................................23

Figure 2.5: Diagram for TEOM instrumentation...........................................................................24

Figure 2.6: 3M Organic Vapor Monitor 3500...............................................................................25

Figure 2.7: Placement location for the VOC passive badge sampler............................................26

Figure 2.8: Monitoring stations for El Paso/Ciudad Juárez area...................................................28

Figure 2.9 Locations of the traffic and air monitors......................................................................30

Figure 2.10: Set up of traffic counter tubes for southbound traffic at BOTA...............................30

Figure 2.11: Traffic counter tube and field set up.........................................................................31

Figure 3.1: BOTA traffic simulation model overlaid with satellite photo....................................33

Figure 3.2: Screen shot of the VISSIM northbound no-truck model............................................43

Figure 3.3: Screen shot of the VISSIM southbound no-truck model............................................43

Figure 4.1: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Spring monitoring period (April 12-20, 2010)................134

Figure 4.2: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Summer monitoring period (Aug 25- Sep 1, 2010)........135

Figure 4.3: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Fall monitoring period (Oct 25- Nov 1, 2010)................135

Figure 4.4: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Winter monitoring period (January 11-18, 2011)...........136

Figure 4.5: Measured PM10 during the Spring monitoring period (April 12-20)........................137

Figure 4.6: Measured PM2.5 during the Spring monitoring period (April 12-20).......................137

Figure 4.7: Measured PM10 during the Summer monitoring period (August 25-September 1)..138

Figure 4.8: Measured PM2.5 during the Summer monitoring period (August 25-September 1)..138

Figure 4.9: Measured PM10 during the Fall monitoring period (October 25-November 1)........139

Figure 4.10: Measured PM2.5 during the Fall monitoring period (October 25-November 1)......139

Figure 4.11: Measured PM10 during the Winter monitoring period (January 11-18)..................140

Figure 4.12: Measured PM2.5 during the Winter monitoring period (January 1-18)...................140

Figure 4.13: Correlation between PM10 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Spring season)..........141

Figure 4.14: Correlation between PM2.5 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Spring season).........142

Figure 4.15: Correlation between PM10 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Summer season).......142

Figure 4.16: Correlation between PM2.5 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Summer season)......143

Figure 4.17: Correlation between PM10 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Fall season)..............143

Figure 4.18: Correlation between PM2.5 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Fall season).............144

13

1.0 Introduction

The international metropolitan area of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez can be impaired by

various air pollutant sources; for example, the international ports of entry (POEs) act as one

potential area source for vehicular emissions. This problem is not unique to the U.S.-México

border region; it is also manifested in varying proportions along the U.S.-Canada border region.

Studies show that residents of communities in close proximity to the U.S.-Canada trade corridors

are also potentially exposed to increased commercial traffic pollution (Baxter, et al., 2008).

Detroit, Michigan, and Windsor, Ontario, a border area separated by the Detroit River and

connected by the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel and the Ambassador Bridge, one of the busiest

commercial international border crossings in North America, is classified as a high pollution

zone due to industrial and transportation emissions (Miller, et al. 2010). Urban areas straddling

international boundaries have a particular challenge in establishing the association between air

pollution and health outcomes because the spatial distribution and transport of air toxics are

poorly understood (Miller, et al., 2010).

In the U.S.-México border region alone, there are thirteen sister cities that experience air

pollution problems resulting from cross border traffic. According to the U.S. Department of

Transportation, 15 to 16 millions of passenger cars and 750,000 commercial vehicles cross the 4

POEs between El Paso, Texas and Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua each year. The vehicle fleet is a

complicated mixture of local passenger vehicles and commercial trucks. Many local vehicles are

aged and poorly maintained and may contribute disproportionately to emissions. The

international POEs are significant sources of emissions for hazardous air pollutants and pose

serious health threat to nearby residents as well as custom inspectors and bridge users. The

pollution problem has become more pronounced in recent years due to the increased volume of

14

traffic and prolonged wait time for the U.S. custom border inspection, resulting in large numbers

of vehicles idling in queues that may last hours. Moreover, projected population growth rates in

the border area exceed anticipated national average growth rates, in some cases by as much as 40

percent for each country, making it essential to provide effective emission reduction strategies as

outlined in the Border 2012 U.S.-México Environmental Program.

1.1 Background of the Project

There are five international POEs in the El Paso, TX, metropolitan area: the Santa Teresa

POE, Paso Del Norte POE, Stanton POE, Zaragoza POE, and the Bridge of the Americas

(BOTA) POE. In the year 2006 alone, the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) of El Paso

reported an estimated 1,336,716 total passenger vehicles crossing per month into the United

States from all five POEs combined, with BOTA POE registering more than 52 percent of these

crossings. A satellite image of the BOTA is shown in Figure 1.1. The MPO reported that BOTA

attracts 1,200-1,600 passenger vehicles per hour during the day. In terms of commercial trucks,

about 120-200 cross in the morning between 6 AM-10 AM. These numbers were estimated

solely for traffic going northbound. Particularly for BOTA, inspection rates are about 840

vehicles per hour if the inspection time is 60 seconds per vehicle and all 14 inspection booths are

open for passenger cars. For commercial trucks, the average inspection time ranges from 90

seconds to two minutes per truck. However, inspection times can vary greatly due to security

15

Figure 1.1: Satellite image of the BOTA POE (Source: El Paso MPO)

concerns causing prolonged wait times and resulting in vehicles idling for hours at the crossings.

In the past, the problem was not only prevalent for northbound traffic into the U.S., but also, to a

lesser extent, for southbound traffic into México. However, in the first quarter of 2009,

international border commuters in the El Paso-Juárez region saw increasing wait times for

southbound travel. Many commuters experienced wait times of commercial and passenger

vehicular traffic of up to two hours. It is not uncommon for southbound passenger and

commercial queues to extend as far as two miles north into the U.S., past the Interstate 10 (IH-

10) and US-54 Interchange. Studies conducted by the MPO have confirmed that the peak hours

for southbound traffic are between 1:00 PM to 10:00 PM with a maximum arrival rate of 4,000

vehicles per hour. The MPO estimated that under the old inspection methodology, the Mexican

16

Aduana, customs inspection booth, could serve an estimated maximum of 3,000 passenger

vehicles per hour, with an inspection timeframe of 8-14 seconds, taking into account all seven

passenger inspection lanes to be functional. Nevertheless, as of March, 2009, the Mexican

Customs and Immigration Agency initiated a vehicle control system operation that will add

approximately eight seconds to the current inspection timeframe. This will result in the Aduana

being able to service only 900 to 1,400 vehicles per hour.

As the consequence of a rapid population growth and economic incentives for

commercial growth (such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA), traffic is

expected to increase both northbound and southbound at the POEs. In addition, the recent drug

violence in Ciudad Juárez has compelled both sides of the border to implement security measures

that necessarily add time to the already prolonged queuing at the border. Constant prolonged

queuing of passenger vehicles at the BOTA POE is evidence that the arrival rate of vehicles far

exceeds the inspection rate. This extended idling of passenger vehicles and commercial fleet at

the POE raises several concerns that include increased vehicle emissions into the atmosphere

resulting in the deterioration of the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez air quality, as well as an increase in

health risks for vehicle operators, custom immigration officials, and nearby residents. Effective

traffic mitigation measures that will speed up inspection processes, decrease the queue delay, and

reduce pollutant emissions are necessary.

1.2 Project Statement

The main purpose of this project is to improve traffic condition and air quality at the

BOTA. Specific goals for the project are:

1) Quantify current emissions and exposure concentrations of hazardous air pollutants at the

BOTA POE and in the nearby area;

17

2) Demonstrate valid transportation mitigation measures that could be applied in the future

and would result in transportation benefit to the region; and

3) Document and demonstrate the environmental benefit in percentage of mobile emissions

and air concentrations reduced for the group of four hazardous air pollutants for each of

the transportation measures selected.

This project evaluates several transportation mitigation measures to reduce congestion

and improve air quality at the BOTA. The transportation mitigation measures to be considered

include, and are not limited to, relocating commercial vehicles to other POE. The transportation

benefit is evaluated by the shortening of traffic queue and wait time using site-specific traffic

data and a microscopic traffic simulation model, VISSIM. The environmental benefit is assessed

by quantifying the emissions at the bridge and the resulting exposure concentrations for the

custom inspectors at the bridge and the residents in nearby communities using U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed emission and air dispersion models.

1.3 Significance of the Project

This project addresses the health hazards associated with emissions at the U.S.-México

border crossings for passengers, workers, and nearby residents for 1) the current transportation

facilities and operations at the POE; and 2) various transportation measures at the POE for

transportation and environmental improvement. The findings of this project will benefit the

public and environment by 1) informing the public the health hazards associated with the mobile

emissions at the POE under the current operations; and 2) reducing the health hazards by

implementing innovative transportation measures at the POE. This project will help determine

ambient concentrations from pollutant emissions, assess contributing emission sources and their

relative impacts, and develop and implement cost-effective control strategies at the POE on the

18

international border (Border 2012 Goal #2). As a result of this project, new transportation

measures could be implemented and the improvement in air quality would reduce the risk to

border families that may result from exposure to air pollution (Border 2012 Goal #4). The

transportation and environmental benefits can be measured by 1) percent of wait time reduced at

the POE; 2) percent of reduction in annual PM2.5, VOC, NOx, and CO emissions from the POE;

and 3) percent of reduction in exposure concentrations of criteria pollutants for custom

inspectors and community residents.

19

2.0 Methodology

We conducted an environmental and transportation assessment at the BOTA to evaluate

the impacts of potential transportation measures on the air quality at the POE and in the nearby

community. Three potential transportation improvement measures at the BOTA as well as a no

action scenario were evaluated in this study. Both air quality and traffic measurements were

conducted at the BOTA for four one-week periods. Table 2.1 summarizes the four studied

periods when air quality and traffic counts were conducted at the BOTA.

Table 2.1: Monitoring Campaigns

Season Date

Spring April 12 to April 20, 2010

Summer August 25 to September 1, 2010

Fall October 25 to November 1, 2010

Winter January 11 to January 18, 2011

The air quality data collected during the four study periods were used to establish the

baseline emission conditions while the baseline traffic counts for 2010 were used to calibrate the

transportation model for predicting future traffic conditions (2035). In addition to evaluating a

baseline scenario to assess current conditions for the year 2010, the four transportation scenarios

to be evaluated for the year 2035 are:

Scenario 1- No Action

Scenario 2– Divert the northbound commercial traffic to other POEs and convert the

existing commercial vehicle inspection lanes to non-commercial lanes

Scenario 3– Divert the southbound commercial traffic to other POEs and convert the

existing commercial vehicle inspection lanes to non-commercial lanes

Scenario 4– Divert both northbound and southbound commercial traffic to other POEs

and convert the existing commercial vehicle inspection lanes to non-commercial lanes.

This was the original plan when BOTA was designed and built.

20

2.1 Site Selection for Air and Traffic Monitoring

As previously mentioned, BOTA was the chosen POE for this study because it

accommodates the highest traffic volume in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez area. Monitoring of the

ambient air pollutants was conducted at a site located immediately adjacent to the BOTA. The

BOTA is composed of two bridges, a northbound and a southbound bridge, each with four non-

commercial and two commercial lanes. The monitoring site was located on the north end of the

southbound bridge less than ten meters away from southbound pedestrian traffic. Air pollutant

monitoring equipment was set-up inside a UTEP mobile laboratory (Figure 2.1). The mobile

laboratory is equipped with an externally powered air conditioner for providing a constant

temperature environment for the instruments inside the mobile laboratory. Video recording

equipment used for traffic monitoring was also housed in the mobile laboratory. Figure 2.2

shows the location of this site (monitoring site). The site was selected on the basis of the

following considerations:

The site is practically located at the BOTA since the site borders the pedestrian

walkway of the bridge and is separated by a fence.

The site is owned by the El Paso Water Utilities and access to the site was

granted.

It was not possible to operate on the premise of the BOTA due to national security

concerns.

2.2 Environmental Data Collection

The UTEP air quality laboratory owns a vehicle that was remodeled to function as a

mobile laboratory. Among other features, the two-passenger van has special insulation, an air-

conditioner to keep the computer equipment cool, externally powered inside lighting, several

21

electrical outlets, and a shelf to place the monitoring equipment. This vehicle was parked at the

gated El Paso Water Utilities site, on the U.S. side, right next to the southbound portion of the

bridge as shown in Figure 2.2 (monitoring site). The equipment to continuously measure PM2.5

and PM10 was placed inside the vehicle.

Figure 2.1: Setup of UTEP air quality vehicle for monitoring

Figure 2.2: Aerial view of BOTA POE and discrete receptors

22

Continuous measurements for ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse

particulate matter (PM10) were conducted utilizing two TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate

Monitors (Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance, Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc.), one

with a PM2.5 inlet, and the second with a PM10 inlet. Ten-minutes averaged PM concentrations

were recorded every 10 minutes throughout each monitoring campaign. Figures 2.3 and 2.4 show

the setup of the TEOMs inside the air quality mobile laboratory.

Figure 2.3: TEOMs setup for monitoring campaigns

23

Figure 2.4: Tubes leading to TEOMs filters

2.2.1 The PM monitor

The Series 1400a TEOM is a true “gravimetric” instrument that draws ambient air

through a filter at a constant flow rate, continuously weighing the filter and calculating near real-

time (10-minute) mass concentrations. TEOM instruments are the only filter-based mass

monitors that measure the mass of particulate matter suspended in gas streams in real time. The

instrument uses a hydrophobic filter material and a sample collection temperature above ambient

temperature (50°C) to reduce the need for humidity equilibration. It has a precision of ±5µg/m3

for 10-minute averaged data. The air sample first passes through the inlet at its design flow rate

of 16.7 L/min. If the instrument is setup to collect PM10, the inlet allows particles smaller than 10

µm diameter to pass through. At the exit of the PM10 inlet, the 16.7 L/min flow is isokinetically

split into a 3 L/min sample stream sent to the instrument’s mass transducer and a 13.7 L/min

exhaust stream. The exhaust stream, also considered bypass flow, is filtered in the large bypass

in-line filter and then enters a second mass flow controller. Figure 2.5 shows a schematic of the

flow system and the different components of the TEOM instrumentation.

24

The basic process for the TEOM takes place in several steps, starting inside the mass

transducer, where the sampled air stream passes through a filter that is being weighed every two

seconds. The sampled air stream is preheated to 50°C before entering the mass transducer so that

the sample filter always collects under conditions of very low and constant humidity. The

difference between the filter’s current weight and its initial weight gives total mass of the

collected particulate matter. The mass reading is then smoothed exponentially, using a selectable

time constant to reduce noise. The next step is to calculate the mass rate by taking the smoothed

total mass change between the current reading and the one immediately preceding and

expressing it in g/sec. Finally, the mass rate is divided by the flow rate and then multiplied by

106 to convert the units into µg/m

3 (Rupprecht & Patashnick, 2004).

Figure 2.5: Diagram for TEOM instrumentation

25

2.2.2 The VOC monitor

Volatile organic compounds were also measured utilizing passive badge samplers (3M

3500 Organic Vapor Monitor, Figure 2.6) and sent to the University of Texas School of Public

Health (UTSPH) for laboratory analysis. The samplers used a single charcoal sorbent wafer to

collect organic vapors at an accuracy of ±25% and a 95% confidence level. The passive samplers

were left in the field for 7 days, the duration of the one-week monitoring for the Spring, Fall, and

Winter seasons. One sampler with a duplicate were placed west of the port of entry, a second one

towards the north facing the US border inspection booths, and a third one towards the south

facing Delta Street and Ciudad Juárez, in the same enclosed area where the mobile laboratory

was located for the Fall and Winter seasons; the Spring season only had one sampler with a

duplicate placed west of the POE. Since VOC monitoring was not included under the main

objectives of the study, different numbers of samplers were used throughout the different seasons

due to limited availability. The samplers were protected from moisture while being exposed

during the sampling period. Figure 2.7 shows the placement location for the southbound sampler.

After field retrieval, all samplers were stored in a refrigerator for 1-2 days until shipping for

analysis to UTSPH. Samplers were analyzed for a total of 62 different volatile organic

compounds.

Figure 2.6: 3M Organic Vapor Monitor 3500

26

Figure 2.7: Placement location for the VOC passive badge sampler

2.2.3 Laboratory Analyses

All organic vapor monitor (OVM) field samples, collocated/duplicate samples and field

blanks, were shipped overnight in hard plastic coolers with blue ice packs to the University of

Texas School of Public Health (UTSPH) Environmental Analytical Laboratory, usually

immediately after sample retrieval. Samples were stored in a dedicated refrigerator until analysis,

which was performed within 4-5 days after receipt. Extraction and analytical procedures have

been described in detail previously (Chung, et. al. 1999, Stock, et. al. 2008). Gas

chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed using a HP 6890 Series

GC with a 5975B MSD and EnviroQuant software. The column employed was a Restek (RTX –

624, 60m 0.25mm ID with 1.4 um thickness column (Restek Corp., Bellefonte, PA).

2.3 Local Meteorology and Central Monitor Stations

Several Continuous Air Monitoring Stations are set up throughout the state of Texas to

monitor hourly air pollutant levels such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, among

others, as well as meteorological data, such as wind speed, wind gust, relative humidity,

27

temperature, etc. For the purpose of this study, hourly pollutant levels for carbon monoxide,

oxides of nitrogen, and fine particulate matter were downloaded from CAMS 12, 37, and 41.

Station 12 (CAMS 12 El Paso UTEP C12/A125/X151) is located at 250 Rim Rd. Station 37

(CAMS 37 Ascarate Park SE C37/A332/A172/X159) is located at 650 R.E. Thomason Loop.

Station 41 (CAMS 41 Chamizal C41/AH126) is located at 800 S. San Marcial St. Figure 2.8

shows a map with the different CAMS locations throughout El Paso. Data from those monitoring

stations was used to verify our estimations and assess the impact of the BOTA POE in the air

quality of the region. Local meteorology was assessed by utilizing the wind direction and wind

velocity from TCEQ CAMS 41 (Chamizal C41/AH126), which is within less than half-a-mile

from the BOTA. Windroses were generated utilizing Lakes Environmental WRPLOT View for

each monitoring period.

28

Figure 2.8: Monitoring stations for El Paso/Ciudad Juárez area

29

2.4 Traffic Data Collection

Traffic demand was a necessary input into the VISSIM traffic simulation model in order

to estimate the time-varying queue length and wait time at BOTA, and other inputs to the

MOBILE 6 model. To capture the traffic volume in the northbound and southbound directions of

BOTA, seven count locations on the access or egress links were identified and they are shown in

Figure 2.9. These locations had been approved by Texas Department of Transportation for the

installation of counting equipment on data collection days. Due to security concerns and travel

restriction, the locations were all on the U.S. side of the border. That is, for the northbound

direction, the counts were made as vehicles left BOTA after completing the inspections.

Pneumetic tubes, such as those shown in Figure 2.10, were installed across the lanes at these

locataions. TRAX Apollyon recorders (Figure 2.11) (Jamar Technologies, 2010) were

programed to classify and register commercial and non-commercial vehicles that crossed the

tubes. The count statistics were recorded at 15-minute intervals, continuously for 24 hours per

day. The data collection periods were the same as the ones listed in Table 1.1. At the end of each

data collection period, the TRAX Apollyon recorders were brought back to the laboratory, and

was data downloaded for further processing. In addition to the tube counters, video images of the

traffic in both directions of BOTA were also captured by a video camera positioned at the station

for the environmental data collection. The video images recorded onto a portable DVD recorder,

and played back in the laboratory to check against the volume registered by the TRAX Apollyon

counters for quality assurance purpose.

30

Figure 2.9: Locations of the traffic and air monitors

Figure 2.10: Set up of traffic counter tubes for southbound traffic at BOTA

Traffic Monitors

Air Monitors

31

Figure 2.11: Traffic counter tube and field set up

32

3.0 Modeling

Three models were used in the study. The VISSIM transportation model was used to

forecast traffic conditions and wait times at the BOTA for the current and future traffic scenarios.

An EPA approved mobile emission estimation model, MOBILE6, was used for estimating

pollutant emissions at the BOTA. Fate and transport of the pollutants emitted from the BOTA

was modeled using another EPA approved air dispersion model, AERMOD, to assess the air

quality impact on the nearby communities. The models are described below.

3.1 Transportation Modeling (VISSIM)

3.1.1 Model Development

The traffic simulation models of BOTA were developed using Version 5.0 of VISSIM

(PTV 2008). VISSIM, being a microscopic traffic simulation tool, is capable of modeling the

movement of individual vehicles across a highway network. In VISSIM, vehicles may be

represented by cars and trucks, each with its own physical dimension and performance

characteristics. Users can specify the volume of cars and trucks that enter the network at different

origins and proceed to their respective destinations. VISSIM’s network models individual lanes

with accurate geometry and traffic control policies. The user can also specify the routes and lanes

the vehicles use. In addition, VISSIM can simulate vehicles stopping for customs and

immigration inspection by placing a stop line across an inspection lane, and specifying a dwell

time distribution.

The BOTA traffic simulation model developed for this project, for the base year scenario

(2010), is shown in Figure 3.1. The number of approaches, lane use (commercial versus non-

commercial lanes) and the number of inspection lanes were coded exactly the same as in the

existing conditions.

33

Figure 3.1: BOTA traffic simulation model overlaid with satellite photo

3.1.2 Modeled Days and Traffic Demand in 2010

After all the traffic count data were processed and checked for integrity and consistency,

the following days (listed in Table 3.1) were selected to represent a typical weekday, Saturday

and Sunday in each season.

34

Table 3.1 Selected days for VISSIM simulations

Season Weekday Saturday Sunday

Spring April 12, 2010 April 17, 2010 April 11, 2010

Summer August 26, 2010 August 28, 2010 August 29, 2010

Fall October 27, 2010 October 23, 2010 October 24, 2010

Winter January 13, 2011 January 15, 2011 January 16, 2011

Table 3.2 summarizes the traffic demand at BOTA, in both directions, based on the

traffic count data collected on typical weekdays (the dates are listed in Table 3.1). The volumes

listed in the table are the sum of directional demand from all the approaches in the southbound

direction in one hour, or the sum of all vehicles that split into different directions in the

northbound direction in one hour. Similarly, Tables 3.3 and 3.4 present the total traffic demand

at BOTA on typical Saturdays and Sundays, for the four seasons. The zero (“0”) traffic volume

in the table indicates that the truck inspection lanes were closed during a particular hour. In the

VISSIM simulation model, the northbound and southbound hourly traffic inputs were distributed

among the different approaches to the BOTA POE. After the vehicles have crossed the

international border, they were distributed uniformly among the opened inspection lanes. Upon

the completion of inspections, they were further split among the different egress points as they

left the BOTA POE area. The great difference in total number of cars (passenger vehicles) going

northbound and southbound shown in Tables 3.2-3.4 reflects the drivers preference in choosing a

POE. Usually, when traveling northbound, because waiting and inspection times are longer,

drivers will distribute more evenly among the three most congested POEs in the area (BOTA,

Zaragoza, and Santa Fe), in order to save time. When traveling southbound, waiting and

inspection times are usually not as long, so drivers tend to choose BOTA as their POE because

there is no toll.

35

Table 3.2 Traffic demand at BOTA on weekdays in 2010

Table 3.3 Traffic demand at BOTA on Saturdays in 2010

TIME CARS TRUCKS CARS TRUCKS CARS TRUCKS CARS TRUCKS CARS TRUCKS CARS TRUCKS CARS TRUCKS CARS TRUCKS

12:00 PM 188 0 175 17 95 0 154 13 77 0 122 5 89 0 122 8

1:00 AM 81 0 72 0 63 0 51 1 48 0 64 0 55 0 63 0

2:00 AM 81 0 37 0 75 0 38 0 62 0 42 0 66 0 39 0

3:00 AM 157 0 33 0 158 0 27 0 125 0 23 0 108 0 17 0

4:00 AM 179 0 31 1 281 0 26 0 238 0 25 0 164 0 24 0

5:00 AM 194 0 106 0 321 0 107 0 264 0 133 0 207 0 94 0

6:00 AM 574 95 446 0 619 80 435 0 627 89 409 0 575 102 392 2

7:00 AM 661 91 742 5 613 86 898 1 657 128 986 3 581 162 801 7

8:00 AM 690 151 1052 19 662 96 892 20 626 152 919 33 552 131 742 26

9:00 AM 650 136 804 31 646 110 717 39 651 118 786 61 563 137 572 39

10:00 AM 608 90 772 79 607 107 657 83 660 125 671 116 542 145 695 63

11:00 AM 644 93 740 89 588 102 639 84 607 127 673 93 575 151 610 83

12:00 PM 631 102 837 112 586 101 535 104 611 147 744 110 592 111 609 113

1:00 AM 557 130 983 96 534 127 539 108 517 152 918 123 496 160 506 84

2:00 AM 586 95 1125 109 588 145 754 91 564 90 738 99 555 146 478 64

3:00 AM 565 101 1600 125 552 110 936 91 546 84 1186 121 593 108 354 62

4:00 AM 502 88 1792 141 559 103 853 80 611 113 1303 170 603 133 525 101

5:00 AM 540 127 1804 173 531 133 890 177 610 101 946 125 579 84 821 143

6:00 AM 535 6 1275 176 543 6 800 183 601 5 1049 190 580 3 530 173

7:00 AM 515 0 1281 158 524 0 525 124 611 0 1112 149 568 0 825 117

8:00 AM 415 0 881 98 509 0 730 130 521 0 868 83 501 0 773 73

9:00 AM 455 0 797 102 477 0 761 89 336 0 622 95 301 0 599 71

10:00 AM 345 0 528 96 306 0 643 80 227 0 465 101 199 0 437 63

11:00 AM 195 0 192 41 181 0 340 74 211 0 265 60 151 0 267 44

TOTALS 10548 1305 18105 1668 10618 1306 12947 1572 10608 1431 15069 1737 9795 1573 10895 1336

2010 WEEKDAY

DATA

FALL WINTER

NB SB NB SBNB SB

SPRING

NB SB

SUMMER


12:00 PM 205 0 183 0 149 0 261 0 209 0 148 2 155 0 251 9

1:00 AM 113 0 116 0 131 0 155 0 117 0 70 0 111 0 142 0

2:00 AM 126 0 21 0 94 0 144 0 99 0 35 0 91 0 117 0

3:00 AM 112 0 33 0 113 0 81 0 76 0 29 0 81 0 79 0

4:00 AM 193 0 18 0 138 0 50 0 159 0 24 0 140 0 34 0

5:00 AM 246 0 83 0 277 0 74 0 247 0 158 0 227 0 74 0

6:00 AM 490 4 342 0 580 17 166 1 515 24 206 0 519 15 131 0

7:00 AM 522 36 697 3 607 37 353 0 574 53 406 4 484 41 297 0

8:00 AM 579 73 1203 11 633 38 566 4 590 71 586 11 583 77 538 8

9:00 AM 548 84 937 13 651 90 734 32 598 61 825 26 608 90 779 27

10:00 AM 540 98 878 50 594 83 982 55 612 95 862 57 709 102 1008 53

11:00 AM 525 99 929 94 612 92 943 105 572 106 920 87 675 102 980 77

12:00 PM 547 58 1367 116 574 89 1050 106 709 86 857 129 653 63 1014 103

1:00 AM 610 3 1164 123 612 19 999 186 610 9 869 155 718 10 1056 125

2:00 AM 667 0 1354 134 616 0 927 108 619 0 1005 105 672 0 1160 123

3:00 AM 623 0 1278 104 579 0 1006 133 566 0 1089 103 668 0 1155 103

4:00 AM 610 0 1403 62 605 0 1056 54 586 0 999 53 650 0 1035 42

5:00 AM 377 0 1336 18 585 0 888 13 605 0 923 11 610 0 940 10

6:00 AM 589 0 1252 0 526 0 983 0 576 0 1042 2 517 0 1315 2

7:00 AM 497 0 1080 1 554 0 953 0 649 0 1104 0 477 0 924 0

8:00 AM 520 0 1095 0 547 0 981 0 623 0 1072 0 469 0 807 0

9:00 AM 575 0 1038 0 553 0 884 0 486 0 879 1 493 0 796 0

10:00 AM 399 0 546 0 289 0 784 0 288 0 733 0 394 0 642 0

11:00 AM 416 0 196 0 246 0 473 0 216 0 546 0 341 0 424 0

TOTALS 10629 455 18549 729 10865 465 15493 797 10901 505 15387 746 11045 500 15698 682

2010 SATURDAY

DATA NB SB

SPRING

NB SB

SUMMER FALL WINTER

NB SB NB SB

36

Table 3.4 Traffic demand at BOTA on Sundays in 2010

3.1.3 Parameter Calibration and Validation

For each travel direction, two important parameters in the simulation model that affect

the congestion level and subsequent emission estimates were the inspection times for the

commercial and non-commercial vehicles, respectively. In the VISSIM model, the inspection

times were modeled by normal distributions. Since the distributions of commercial and non-

commercial vehicle inspection times were not provided by any agency or authority (for security

reasons), they were calibrated with the data collected by the research team in this project. The

calibration process was to adjust the means and standard deviations of the inspection time

distributions in the model, until the queue lengths of the commercial and non-commercial

vehicles produced by the model in the base year matched with the respective lengths that were

observed from the video recordings. The calibrated parameters for the northbound inspection

time distributions, using the Spring data for weekday, Saturday and Sunday, were:

Commercial vehicles: mean=200 seconds, standard deviation=5 seconds


12:00 PM 249 0 154 0 244 0 305 0 185 0 161 0 216 0 186 0

1:00 AM 234 0 51 0 213 0 239 0 127 0 68 0 104 0 141 0

2:00 AM 240 0 16 0 148 0 162 0 85 0 26 0 97 0 139 0

3:00 AM 127 0 28 0 119 0 124 0 85 0 31 0 73 0 54 0

4:00 AM 110 0 28 0 103 0 45 0 86 0 21 0 91 0 24 0

5:00 AM 145 0 33 0 129 0 51 0 144 0 41 0 139 0 45 0

6:00 AM 296 0 84 0 309 0 123 0 223 0 92 0 290 0 104 0

7:00 AM 518 0 106 0 509 0 257 0 572 0 188 0 438 0 195 0

8:00 AM 506 0 549 0 546 0 408 0 648 0 380 0 574 0 382 0

9:00 AM 580 0 609 0 559 0 528 0 687 0 583 0 538 0 554 0

10:00 AM 604 0 673 0 587 0 584 0 698 0 739 0 524 0 683 0

11:00 AM 614 0 678 0 567 0 684 0 662 0 766 0 589 0 711 0

12:00 PM 614 0 1050 0 596 0 687 0 628 0 819 0 567 0 745 0

1:00 AM 633 0 853 0 597 0 786 0 691 0 898 0 640 0 843 0

2:00 AM 628 0 871 0 599 0 815 0 647 0 879 0 660 0 972 0

3:00 AM 556 0 970 0 605 0 774 0 588 0 999 0 699 0 1007 0

4:00 AM 548 0 1004 0 563 0 789 0 617 0 947 0 622 0 908 0

5:00 AM 602 0 1050 0 568 0 941 0 533 0 997 0 603 0 1022 0

6:00 AM 555 0 1144 0 570 0 919 0 558 0 990 0 613 0 1135 0

7:00 AM 534 0 1093 0 610 0 846 0 596 0 1002 0 519 0 991 0

8:00 AM 533 0 1043 0 545 0 800 0 582 0 984 0 518 0 779 0

9:00 AM 536 0 788 0 614 0 877 0 586 0 944 0 359 0 596 0

10:00 AM 434 0 512 0 288 0 518 0 358 0 960 0 246 0 388 0

11:00 AM 312 0 257 0 212 0 243 0 402 0 692 0 203 0 201 0

TOTALS 10708 0 13644 0 10400 0 12505 0 10988 0 14207 0 9922 0 12805 0

2010 SUNDAY

DATA NB SB

SPRING

NB SB

SUMMER FALL WINTER

NB SB NB SB

37

Non-commercial vehicles: mean=90 seconds, standard deviation=10 seconds

The calibrated parameters for the southbound inspection time distributions are

Commercial vehicles, loaded: mean=120 seconds, standard deviation=15 seconds

Commercial vehicles, empty: mean=10 seconds, standard deviation=1 seconds

Non-commercial vehicles: mean=90 seconds, standard deviation=10 seconds

The calibrated parameters have been found to provide a good match with the Summer 2010 data.

Therefore, they were used for the Fall and Winter 2010 seasons. The same calibrated

distributions were also used for the year 2035 scenarios.

3.1.4 Measured Outputs

After the inspection time distributions had been calibrated, simulations were carried out

for the days listed in Table 3.1. Each day of simulation lasted for 24 hours, from 12:00 a.m. For

each day, the VISSIM model (for the northbound and southbound traffic) was run for 10

repetitions. Each repetition used a unique random number seed to generate the stochastic events

(such as vehicle arrival time, lane selection, inspection time) in the model. The average hourly

queue lengths and average hourly delays for the following vehicle types were measured in the

VISSIM model during the simulations:

Northbound:

Commercial vehicles

Non-Commercial vehicles

Southbound:

Commercial vehicles

Loaded vehicles

Empty vehicles

38

Non-Commercial vehicles

The northbound commercial vehicles were not separated into loaded and empty because they all

joined the same queue at the approach to BOTA. After the 10 simulation repetitions, the VISSIM

output files were post-processed to calculate the average queue lengths and average delays hour

by hour, from the 10 simulation repetitions, in the northbound and southbound directions. The

queue lengths and delays were measured from the inspection booths. These outputs were

subsequent used as inputs to the MOBILE6 model.

3.1.5 Traffic Projections

One of the objectives of this project is to estimate the vehicular emissions caused by the

BOTA POE in the future year with the No Action scenario, and three traffic improvement

measures. With the assistance of El Paso MPO, the future year was identified to be 2035. The

northbound and southbound traffic demand at BOTA was then projected from 2010 to 2035.

First, the daily traffic demand (V) in the northbound (NB) and southbound (SB) directions on

weekdays were extracted from the El Paso MPO’s 2010 Metropolitan Transportation Plan

(2010MTP) and 2035 Metropolitan Transportation Plan (2035MTP) models (El Paso MPO,

2010). These two metropolitan planning models, based on the TransCAD software (Caliper,

2008), are the official models used by the El Paso MPO in developing the conformity reports.

The directional and day-specific growth factors, g, were then computed from:

39

Since the 2010 and 2035 El Paso MPO’s Metropolitan Transportation Plans only

modeled traffic on typical weekdays, there was no data for the research team to calculate the

growth factors on weekends. Therefore, the following equations were used to calculate the

growth factors for the weekend traffic:

Essentially, the above equations utilized the growth factors for weekdays, scaled by the ratio of

24-hour traffic between Saturday and weekday, or between Sunday and weekday based on the

traffic count data obtained in 2010.

The same traffic projection methodology was applied to both commercial and non-

commercial vehicles. Since the El Paso MPO’s Metropolitan Transportation Plan also included

the traffic forecast for commercial vehicles at BOTA, the growth factors for commercial and

non-commercial vehicles were calculated separately. The calculated growth factors specific to

the day, direction, and vehicle-type were applied to the traffic count data collected in 2010 (listed

in Tables 3.2 to 3.4). Tables 3.5 to 3.7 list the projected 2035 hourly commercial and non-

commercial traffic demand at BOTA for weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays respectively.

40

Table 3.5 Traffic demand at BOTA on weekdays in 2035

Table 3.6 Traffic demand at BOTA on Saturdays in 2035


12:00 PM 397 0 264 21 202 0 166 15 164 0 153 7 175 0 111 8

1:00 AM 171 0 109 0 134 0 55 1 102 0 80 0 108 0 57 0

2:00 AM 171 0 56 0 160 0 41 0 132 0 53 0 130 0 35 0

3:00 AM 332 0 50 0 336 0 29 0 266 0 29 0 212 0 15 0

4:00 AM 378 0 47 1 598 0 28 0 506 0 31 0 322 0 22 0

5:00 AM 410 0 160 0 683 0 116 0 561 0 167 0 406 0 85 0

6:00 AM 1213 64 674 0 1317 54 470 0 1333 65 514 0 1129 82 356 2

7:00 AM 1397 61 1121 6 1304 58 970 1 1397 94 1240 4 1141 131 728 7

8:00 AM 1459 101 1589 24 1409 64 964 24 1331 111 1156 43 1084 106 675 26

9:00 AM 1374 91 1215 39 1375 74 775 46 1384 87 988 80 1105 110 520 39

10:00 AM 1285 60 1166 99 1292 72 710 98 1403 92 844 152 1064 117 632 63

11:00 AM 1361 62 1118 112 1251 68 690 100 1291 93 846 122 1129 122 555 84

12:00 PM 1334 68 1264 141 1247 68 578 123 1299 108 936 144 1162 89 554 114

1:00 AM 1178 87 1485 121 1136 85 582 128 1099 111 1154 161 974 129 460 85

2:00 AM 1239 64 1700 137 1251 97 815 108 1199 66 928 130 1090 118 435 64

3:00 AM 1194 68 2417 157 1175 74 1011 108 1161 62 1491 158 1164 87 322 62

4:00 AM 1061 59 2707 177 1190 69 922 95 1299 83 1638 223 1184 107 477 102

5:00 AM 1142 85 2725 217 1130 89 962 210 1297 74 1190 164 1137 68 746 144

6:00 AM 1131 4 1926 221 1156 4 864 217 1278 4 1319 249 1139 2 482 174

7:00 AM 1089 0 1935 199 1115 0 567 147 1299 0 1398 195 1115 0 750 118

8:00 AM 877 0 1331 123 1083 0 789 154 1108 0 1091 109 984 0 703 73

9:00 AM 962 0 1204 128 1015 0 822 105 714 0 782 124 591 0 545 71

10:00 AM 729 0 798 121 651 0 695 95 483 0 585 132 391 0 397 63

11:00 AM 412 0 290 52 385 0 367 88 449 0 333 79 296 0 243 44

TOTALS 22299 873 27352 2097 22596 874 13987 1862 22553 1050 18948 2274 19229 1268 9905 1345

2035 WEEKDAY

DATA

SPRING SUMMER FALL WINTER

NB SB NB SB NB SB NB SB


12:00 PM 418 0 248 0 310 0 295 0 437 0 166 2 328 0 288 10

1:00 AM 230 0 157 0 273 0 175 0 245 0 79 0 235 0 163 0

2:00 AM 257 0 28 0 196 0 163 0 207 0 39 0 193 0 134 0

3:00 AM 228 0 45 0 235 0 92 0 159 0 33 0 172 0 91 0

4:00 AM 393 0 24 0 288 0 57 0 332 0 27 0 297 0 39 0

5:00 AM 501 0 112 0 577 0 84 0 516 0 178 0 481 0 85 0

6:00 AM 999 3 463 0 1209 12 188 1 1077 18 232 0 1099 11 150 0

7:00 AM 1064 24 944 4 1265 26 400 0 1200 40 456 5 1025 31 341 0

8:00 AM 1180 50 1630 13 1319 26 641 5 1233 54 659 13 1235 58 617 9

9:00 AM 1117 57 1270 15 1357 63 831 41 1250 46 927 31 1288 67 893 30

10:00 AM 1101 67 1190 59 1238 58 1111 71 1279 72 969 68 1502 76 1156 58

11:00 AM 1070 67 1259 110 1275 64 1067 135 1196 80 1034 105 1430 76 1124 85

12:00 PM 1115 39 1852 136 1196 62 1188 136 1482 65 963 155 1383 47 1163 113

1:00 AM 1243 2 1577 144 1275 13 1131 239 1275 7 977 186 1521 7 1211 137

2:00 AM 1360 0 1835 157 1284 0 1049 139 1294 0 1130 126 1423 0 1330 135

3:00 AM 1270 0 1732 122 1206 0 1139 171 1183 0 1224 124 1415 0 1325 113

4:00 AM 1243 0 1901 73 1261 0 1195 69 1225 0 1123 64 1377 0 1187 46

5:00 AM 769 0 1810 21 1219 0 1005 17 1265 0 1037 13 1292 0 1078 11

6:00 AM 1201 0 1696 0 1096 0 1113 0 1204 0 1171 2 1095 0 1508 2

7:00 AM 1013 0 1463 1 1154 0 1079 0 1357 0 1241 0 1010 0 1060 0

8:00 AM 1060 0 1484 0 1140 0 1110 0 1302 0 1205 0 993 0 925 0

9:00 AM 1172 0 1407 0 1152 0 1000 0 1016 0 988 1 1044 0 913 0

10:00 AM 813 0 740 0 602 0 887 0 602 0 824 0 835 0 736 0

11:00 AM 848 0 266 0 513 0 535 0 452 0 614 0 722 0 486 0

TOTALS 21667 310 25134 856 22640 323 17535 1023 22790 381 17296 896 23396 374 18002 749

2035 SATURDAY

DATA



41

Table 3.7 Traffic demand at BOTA on Sundays in 2035

3.1.6 Traffic Scenarios in 2035

This project required the simulation of the baseline, that is, the existing conditions in

2010, plus four traffic scenarios in 2035: No Action and three traffic improvement plans, as

described in Chapter 2. The three improvement plans involved diverting the northbound or/and

southbound commercial traffic to other POEs and converting the commercial vehicle inspection

lanes for use by non-commercial vehicles. The scenarios (see Table 3.8) were modeled in

VISSIM by simulating the northbound and southbound traffic “with trucks” and “without trucks”

separately, and combined the results later. The simulation of northbound and southbound

independently was possible because traffic in the two directions did not interfere with one

another. For the “no-truck” scenario, the commercial inspection lanes were converted for use by

non-commercial vehicles. The following table illustrates how the results of the directional

simulation were combined to achieve the desired scenarios.


12:00 PM 529 0 188 0 503 0 341 0 403 0 205 0 425 0 213 0

1:00 AM 497 0 62 0 439 0 267 0 277 0 86 0 205 0 162 0

2:00 AM 510 0 20 0 305 0 181 0 185 0 33 0 191 0 159 0

3:00 AM 270 0 34 0 245 0 139 0 185 0 39 0 144 0 62 0

4:00 AM 234 0 34 0 212 0 50 0 187 0 27 0 179 0 28 0

5:00 AM 308 0 40 0 266 0 57 0 314 0 52 0 273 0 52 0

6:00 AM 628 0 103 0 637 0 138 0 486 0 117 0 571 0 119 0

7:00 AM 1100 0 129 0 1050 0 288 0 1246 0 239 0 862 0 223 0

8:00 AM 1074 0 670 0 1126 0 457 0 1412 0 483 0 1129 0 438 0

9:00 AM 1231 0 744 0 1153 0 591 0 1497 0 741 0 1058 0 635 0

10:00 AM 1282 0 822 0 1210 0 654 0 1521 0 940 0 1031 0 783 0

11:00 AM 1304 0 828 0 1169 0 765 0 1442 0 974 0 1159 0 815 0

12:00 PM 1304 0 1282 0 1229 0 769 0 1368 0 1041 0 1115 0 854 0

1:00 AM 1344 0 1042 0 1231 0 880 0 1505 0 1142 0 1259 0 966 0

2:00 AM 1333 0 1064 0 1235 0 912 0 1410 0 1118 0 1298 0 1114 0

3:00 AM 1180 0 1184 0 1248 0 866 0 1281 0 1270 0 1375 0 1154 0

4:00 AM 1163 0 1226 0 1161 0 883 0 1344 0 1204 0 1224 0 1041 0

5:00 AM 1278 0 1282 0 1171 0 1053 0 1161 0 1268 0 1186 0 1171 0

6:00 AM 1178 0 1397 0 1175 0 1028 0 1216 0 1259 0 1206 0 1301 0

7:00 AM 1134 0 1335 0 1258 0 947 0 1298 0 1274 0 1021 0 1136 0

8:00 AM 1132 0 1274 0 1124 0 895 0 1268 0 1251 0 1019 0 893 0

9:00 AM 1138 0 962 0 1266 0 981 0 1277 0 1200 0 706 0 683 0

10:00 AM 921 0 625 0 594 0 580 0 780 0 1221 0 484 0 445 0

11:00 AM 662 0 314 0 437 0 272 0 876 0 880 0 399 0 230 0

TOTALS 22735 0 16660 0 21446 0 13995 0 23939 0 18063 0 19520 0 14674 0

2035 SUNDAY

DATA



42

Table 3.8 Simulation plan for traffic scenarios in 2035

Scenario in 2035 Northbound traffic

(simulated independently)

Southbound traffic

(simulated independently)

Scenario 1 With trucks With trucks

Scenario 2 No truck With trucks

Scenario 3 With truck No truck

Scenario 4 No truck No truck

According to Table 3.8, the northbound traffic was simulated in VISSIM with and

without truck, respectively. Similarly, the southbound traffic was simulated in VISSIM with and

without truck, respectively. Therefore, there were a total of four separate VISSIM simulation

runs to construct the necessary scenarios listed in Table 3.8. The simulations were repeated for

four seasons, three days (weekday, Saturday, and Sunday) per season in 2035. To reduce any

bias caused by the stochastic events in the simulation, each specific simulation for a particular

direction, with and without truck, season and day was repeated 10 times, each with a different

random number seeds. Therefore, a total 480 VISSIM simulations run were made. Each

simulation run lasted 24 hours from 12:00 a.m. In each run, the VISSIM model was programmed

to record the average queue length at BOTA, hour by hour, from the inspection booths. The

model also recorded the average delay of vehicles from the moment they joined the queue until

they left the inspection booths. Figures 3.2 and 3.3 show the screen shots of the VISSIM no-

truck model during simulation runs, for the northbound and southbound directions respectively.

Note that in these models, the existing commercial lanes had been converted to non-commercial

lanes.

43

Figure 3.2: Screen shot of the VISSIM northbound no-truck model

Figure 3.3: Screen shot of the VISSIM southbound no-truck model

44

3.2 Emission Modeling

3.2.1 MOBILE6 Description

MOBILE6 is a software application program that estimates hydrocarbon (HC), carbon

monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), exhaust particulate matter, tire wear particulate

matter, brake wear particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), six hazardous air

pollutants (HAP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission factors for gasoline and diesel-fueled

highway motor vehicles. This software was designed by the US EPA and was written in

FORTRAN for desktop computer usage to calculate emission rates based on various conditions

such as ambient temperature and traffic speed, among others, as specified by the modeler.

Current or future emission factors can be estimated for calendar years between 1952 and 2050.

The descriptive outputs obtained from MOBILE6 report emission rates in grams of pollutant per

vehicle mile traveled (g/mi). The output can also be more specific, reporting emission rates in

grams per vehicle per unit of time (day or hour). Default national averages are provided by the

US EPA to be used with MOBILE6, however, the modeler can modify these values to reflect

local data.

3.2.2 MOBILE6 Inputs

In this study, the main goal of using MOBILE6 was to model vehicle emissions at the

international port of entry, BOTA. The following section outlines the MOBILE6 inputs that were

used for developing the basic model to calculate emissions in this study, as well as a brief

description of each command:

DATABASE OUTPUT: Produces a database output for all scenarios of each run in the

command input file.

WITH FIELDNAMES: Places a row of column names in the database output file.

45

DATABASE EMISSIONS: Limits which of the ten potential types of emissions are reported.

In this case, the only emissions that will be reported in the output

are the exhaust running emissions.

DATABASE FACILITIES: Specifies which type of roadway should be reported in the output

table. Chosen LOCAL for this specific case because we are

modeling the port of entry, and LOCAL is the simplest form of

facility type.

POLLUTANTS: Defines which set of pollutants will be reported. In this case, it will

be hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of

nitrogen (NOx).

PARTICULATES: Enables the computation of particulate matter and related

emissions, if the command is used with no parameters, all of the

particulate emission factors are calculated and reported:

SO4 Sulfate portion of exhaust particulate emissions

OCARBON Organic carbon portion of diesel exhaust particulate

ECARBON Elemental carbon portion of diesel exhaust particulate

GASPM Total carbon portion of gasoline exhaust particulate

LEAD Lead portion of exhaust particulate emissions

SO2 Sulfur dioxide exhaust emissions

NH3 Ammonia exhaust emissions

BRAKE Brake-wear particulate emissions

TIRE Tire-wear particulate emissions

46

MIN/MAX TEMP: Sets the minimum and maximum daily temperatures to model. In

this case, the following temperatures were used:

Summer and Spring 66/97 Winter and Fall 26/63 (El Paso MPO,

2010)

FUEL RVP: Utilizes gasoline reid vapor pressure, for El Paso a value of 7.0 psi

was utilized for Summer and Spring and 12.3 psi for Fall and

Winter (El Paso MPO, 2010)

IDLE PM EMISSIONS: Controls the output of ‘Idle mode’ for particulate emission factors

for heavy-duty diesel vehicles classes 2b through 8b and diesel

buses.

EXPRESS HC AS VOC: Directs MOBILE6 to express output HC emissions as volatile

organic compounds.

NO REFUELING: Does not calculate refueling emissions

VMT FRACTIONS: Allows users to allocate travel data (VMT) to specific vehicle

types, specifies the fraction of total highway VMT that is

accumulated by each of the 16 composite vehicle types. The values

used were included in the Mission 2035 Transportation Conformity

Report. These values were estimated using the latest available five

years of TxDOT El Paso County vehicle classification data and

latest available TxDOT registrations data (see Table 3.9).

The next two commands below will expand three descriptive MOBILE6 outputs to include

a more detailed breakdown of truck classes.

47

EXPAND HDDV EFS: Reports emissions produced by heavy-duty diesels (HDDV) for

each of the eight distinct HDDV classes

EXPAND HDGV EFS: Reports emissions produced by heavy-duty gasoline-fueled

vehicles (HDGV) for each of the eight distinct HDGV classes.

REG DIST: Allows the user to supply registration distribution by age for any of

the 16 composite (gasoline and diesel) vehicle types. Available and

used from TxDOT mid-year registration data aggregated at the

county level for all vehicle classes, except HDVS and HDBT. The

values used were included in the Mission 2035 Transportation

Conformity Report and were developed by TTI using county-level

data sets provided by TxDOT (see Table 3.10).

DIESEL FRACTIONS: Permits users to supply locality-specific diesel fractions for 14 of

the 16 composite vehicle categories by age. It allows MOBILE6 to

perform separate calculations for gas and diesel subcategories.

Buses are assumed all diesel, motorcycles all gasoline. Again,

these values were obtained from the Mission 2035 Transportation

Conformity Report and were developed by TTI using a

combination of estimated TxDOT statewide diesel fractions and

MOBILE6 default diesel fractions (see Table 3.11).

SCENARIO RECORD: Labels individual scenario results

PARTICULATE EF: Specifies the location of the data files that contain the particulate

emission factors. The six default files provided by MOBILE6 are

used.

48

PARTICLE SIZE: Specifies the maximum particulate size cutoff (PSC) that is used

by the model. The emission factors reported for particulate

pollutants represent the estimated grams per mile of particles with

aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to PSC.

DIESEL SULFUR: Allows use of average diesel fuel sulfur level. Only affects

particulates, but not HC, CO, or NOx emissions. The values

utilized in this model were: 2010 Winter and Fall 43 ppm, 2010

Summer and Spring 11 ppm; all later years 11 ppm (Mission 2035,

2010).

CALENDAR YEAR: Calculates emission factors for a specific calendar year.

EVALUATION MONTH: Provides option of calculating January 1 or July 1 emission factors

for calendar year of evaluation.

7- July for Summer and Spring seasons

1- January for Winter and Fall seasons

AVERAGE SPEED: Designates a single average speed to use for all freeways and/or

arterials/collectors for the entire day. The speed utilized for this

study was the minimum speed used by MOBILE6 (2.5 mph)

VMT BY HOUR: Allocates the fraction of VMT that occurs at each hour of the day;

applied in conversion of g/hr to g/mi as well as in weighting of

hourly g/mi rates to obtain daily emission factors. Factors used

here were developed by TTI for an average weekday; separate

values were used for summer and winter (see Table 3.12).

49

Table 3.9: El Paso VMT Mix for 2010

Vehicle Class Arterial Collector Freeway

LDGV 0.683011 0.620479 0.662402

LDGT1 0.041637 0.037831 0.040383

LDGT2 0.138609 0.125937 0.134433

LDGT3 0.037275 0.033868 0.036152

LDGT4 0.017141 0.015574 0.016625

HDGV2b 0.006064 0.011888 0.005636

HDGV3 0.002639 0.005174 0.002453

HDGV4 0.000835 0.001637 0.000776

HDGV5 0.000589 0.001155 0.000548

HDGV6 0.001522 0.002984 0.001415

HDGV7 0.000270 0.000529 0.000251

HDGV8a 0.000332 0.000650 0.000308

HDGV8b 0.000025 0.000048 0.000023

LDDV 0.000609 0.000553 0.000590

LDDT12 0.000004 0.000004 0.000004

HDDV2b 0.013159 0.025797 0.012230

HDDV3 0.002559 0.005016 0.002378

HDDV4 0.000804 0.001577 0.000747

HDDV5 0.000950 0.001863 0.000883

HDDV6 0.003071 0.006019 0.002854

HDDV7 0.001243 0.002436 0.001155

HDDV8a 0.002583 0.005064 0.002401

HDDV8b 0.038078 0.084551 0.071391

MC 0.001000 0.001000 0.001000

HDGB 0.000287 0.000425 0.000118

HDDBT 0.001653 0.002451 0.000678

HDDBS 0.003150 0.004671 0.001293

LDDT34 0.000902 0.000820 0.000875

50

Table 3.10: El Paso registration distribution

51

Table 3.11: 2010 Diesel fractions

Year LDV LDT1 LDT2 LDT3 LDT4 HDV2b HDV3 HDV4 HDV5 HDV6 HDV7 HDV8a HDV8b HDBS

2010 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.6267 0.5814 0.6127 0.8556 0.9435 0.9725 0.9767 0.9781 0.9585

2009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.6267 0.5814 0.6127 0.8556 0.9435 0.9725 0.9767 0.9781 0.9585

2008 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.7525 0.7243 0.7544 0.9232 0.9312 0.9327 0.9785 0.9964 0.9585

2007 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.7702 0.7586 0.8139 0.9492 0.9585 0.9805 0.9935 0.9950 0.9585

2006 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.7695 0.7724 0.8472 0.9027 0.9048 0.9246 0.9726 0.9914 0.9585

2005 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.8120 0.6976 0.8179 0.8885 0.9095 0.9616 0.9710 0.9948 0.9585

2004 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.8050 0.6686 0.7511 0.8682 0.9235 0.9523 0.9505 0.9934 0.9585

2003 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.7738 0.6470 0.7288 0.8635 0.9046 0.9751 0.9608 0.9797 0.9585

2002 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.7294 0.6277 0.6698 0.8725 0.8896 0.9303 0.9501 0.9813 0.9585

2001 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.6941 0.6254 0.6901 0.8523 0.8999 0.9191 0.9451 0.9818 0.9585

2000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.5636 0.6445 0.7198 0.8877 0.8802 0.9251 0.9426 0.9827 0.9585

1999 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.6057 0.6039 0.6452 0.8505 0.8410 0.9100 0.9464 0.9775 0.9585

1998 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.4977 0.4860 0.7083 0.6910 0.8090 0.8635 0.9402 0.9660 0.9585

1997 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.4272 0.5445 0.7318 0.7117 0.8112 0.8158 0.9126 0.9548 0.9585

1996 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0126 0.0126 0.4391 0.5267 0.6425 0.7829 0.8085 0.8273 0.9202 0.9677 0.9585

1995 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0115 0.0115 0.2156 0.3401 0.4197 0.4729 0.6126 0.6040 0.8012 0.7280 0.8857

1994 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0111 0.0111 0.3945 0.5220 0.6191 0.6095 0.8032 0.8407 0.9471 0.9497 0.8525

1993 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0145 0.0145 0.3821 0.5277 0.6070 0.6703 0.7734 0.8772 0.9500 0.9549 0.8795

1992 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0115 0.0115 0.3534 0.5448 0.5899 0.6324 0.6241 0.8644 0.9571 0.9796 0.9900

1991 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0129 0.0129 0.3587 0.4592 0.7014 0.7910 0.6758 0.8652 0.9379 0.9286 0.9105

1990 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.2910 0.5417 0.5766 0.6824 0.7386 0.8711 0.9336 0.9756 0.8760

1989 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0083 0.0083 0.2597 0.4942 0.6842 0.6255 0.7440 0.8699 0.9471 0.9825 0.7710

1988 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0072 0.0072 0.1729 0.4141 0.2692 0.4672 0.6130 0.8342 0.9434 0.9714 0.7502

1987 0.0027 0.0007 0.0007 0.0082 0.0082 0.1605 0.3212 0.2562 0.3287 0.7221 0.8257 0.9366 0.8966 0.7345

1986 0.0032 0.0033 0.0033 0.0124 0.0124 0.2040 0.2476 0.1000 0.1762 0.5762 0.7647 0.8864 0.9615 0.6733

52

Table 3.12: El Paso hourly VMT factors

Hour Summer

Factor

Winter

Factor

6:00 AM - 7:00 AM 0.041728 0.041258

7:00 AM - 8:00 AM 0.070494 0.075587

8:00 AM - 9:00 AM 0.063365 0.067045

9:00 AM - 10:00 AM 0.052797 0.052228

10:00 AM - 11:00 AM 0.051574 0.052158

11:00 AM - 12:00 PM 0.055399 0.056501

12:00 PM - 1:00 PM 0.058364 0.059206

1:00 PM - 2:00 PM 0.059415 0.060199

2:00 PM - 3:00 PM 0.061802 0.062991

3:00 PM - 4:00 PM 0.068114 0.072439

4:00 PM - 5:00 PM 0.072745 0.076209

5:00 PM - 6:00 PM 0.075188 0.076368

6:00 PM - 7:00 PM 0.058635 0.058738

7:00 PM - 8:00 PM 0.044458 0.042036

8:00 PM - 9:00 PM 0.036527 0.032969

9:00 PM - 10:00 PM 0.032652 0.029542

10:00 PM - 11:00 PM 0.026161 0.022659

11:00 PM - 12:00 AM 0.017968 0.015127

12:00 AM - 1:00 AM 0.010133 0.008486

1:00 AM - 2:00 AM 0.006507 0.05722

2:00 AM - 3:00 AM 0.005575 0.005003

3:00 AM - 4:00 AM 0.004784 0.004314

4:00 AM - 5:00 AM 0.007015 0.006391

5:00 AM - 6:00 AM 0.0186 0.016824

53

3.2.3 MOBILE6 Outputs

MOBILE6 can, if desired, yield its results utilizing the command known as DATABASE

OUTPUT, where an ASCII text file is created and can then be imported into a spreadsheet

program, such as Microsoft Excel. The database output used in this study reports emission

factors in an hourly format for each hour of the day. The main fields reported in the MOBILE6

output are the following:

FILE: Reports the number of the command input file.

RUN: Reports the run number within the input file.

SCEN: Reports the scenario number within the run.

POL: (pollutant number) displays a value from 1 through 15. The pollutant’s list is

shown in Table 3.13.

VTYPE Stands for vehicle type, and displays a value from 1 through 28. The vehicle

type list is displayed in Table 3.14.

ETYPE: Stands for emission type, from 1 through 10. For the purpose of this study, the

database output only reports exhaust running emissions (1).

FTYPE: Stands for roadway type. For the purpose of this study, the database output only

reports for local roadways (3).

AGE: Gives the vehicle age in years, from 0 to 24.

HOUR: Gives the hour of the day, starting with “1” which stands for 6:00 AM.

The following 11 fields (from STARTS to MYR) are echo fields, meaning they are “echoed”

from MOBILE6 inputs. These items are not calculated or modeled by MOBILE6.

STARTS: Gives the average number of engine starts in the time period represented by the

record.

54

ENDS: Gives the average number of trip ends per vehicle in the time period represented

by the record.

MILES: Gives the miles traveled per vehicle of this type and age in the time period

represented by the record.

MPG: Shows miles per gallon per vehicle of this type.

HRVMT: Gives the percentage of daily vehicle miles traveled, for all vehicles combined, in

the hour to which this record pertains.

FACVMT: Gives the percentage of vehicle miles traveled, in the time period represented by

this record on the indicated roadway type.

REGDIST: Gives the percentage of vehicles of this type that are of this age.

VCOUNT: Gives number of vehicles of each type used by MOBILE6 to calculate these

results.

AMBTEMP: Displays ambient temperature during this hour expressed in degrees Fahrenheit.

DIURTEMP: Shows the temperature used for diurnal evaporative emission calculations during

this hour, expressed in degrees Fahrenheit.

MYR: Provides model year.

GM_MILE: Known as one of the two “calculated” fields, gives the emission factor of the

given emission type and pollutant on the given roadway type, during the given

hour, in grams per mile per average vehicle of the given type and age.

GM_HOUR: Known as the second of the two “calculated” fields, gives the emission factor of

the given emission type and pollutant on the given roadway type in grams per

hour per average vehicle of the given type and age.

55

It is important to note that the last two fields giving the calculated values are simply emission

factors, or emission rates. These values require further calculations depending on the user’s

needs.

Table 3.13: MOBILE6 Pollutant Categories

No. Abbreviation Description

1 HC Hydrocarbons (gaseous)

2 CO Carbon monoxide (gaseous)

3 NOx Oxides of nitrogen (gaseous)

4 CO2 Carbon dioxide (gaseous)

5,6 reserved

7 SO4 Sulfate portion of exhaust particulate

8 OCARBON Organic carbon portion of diesel exhaust particulate

9 ECARBON

Elemental carbon portion of diesel exhaust

particulate

10 GASPM Total carbon portion of gasoline exhaust particulate

11 Lead Lead portion of exhaust particulate

12 SO2 Sulfur dioxide (gaseous)

13 NH3 Ammonia (gaseous)

14 Brake Brake wear particulate

15 Tire Tire wear particulate

16 BENZ Benzene

17 MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether

18 BUTA 1,3- Butadiene

19 FORM Formaldehyde

20 ACET Acetaldehyde

21 ACRO Acrolein

56

Table 3.14: MOBILE6 Vehicle Types

No. Abbreviation Description

1 LDGV Light-duty gasoline vehicles (passenger cars)

2 LDGT1 Light-duty gasoline trucks 1 (0-3,750 lbs LVW)

3 LDGT2 Light-duty gasoline trucks 2 (3,751-5,750 lbs LVW)

4 LDGT3 Light-duty gasoline trucks 3 (0-5,750 lbs ALVW)

5 LDGT4 Light-duty gasoline trucks 4 (5,751+ ALVW)

6 HDGV2B

Class 2b heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (8,501-10,000 lbs

GVWR)

7 HDGV3

Class 3 heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs

GVWR)

8 HDGV4


GVWR)

9 HDGV5


GVWR)

10 HDGV6


GVWR)

11 HDGV7


GVWR)

12 HDGV8A

Class 8a heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs

GVWR)

13 HDGV8B Class 8b heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (>60,000 lbs GVWR)

14 LDDV Light-duty diesel vehicles (passenger cars)

15 LDDT12 Light-duty diesel trucks 1 and 2 (0-6,000 lbs GVWR)

16 HDDV2B Class 2b heavy-duty diesel vehicles (8,501-10,000 lbs GVWR)

17 HDDV3 Class 3 heavy-duty diesel vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs GVWR)





22 HDDV8A Class 8a heavy-duty diesel vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs GVWR)

23 HDDV8B Class 8b heavy-duty diesel vehicles (>60,000 lbs GVWR)

24 MC Motorcycles (gasoline)

25 HDGB Gasoline buses (school, transit, urban)

26 HDDBT Diesel transit and urban buses

27 HDDBS Diesel school buses

28 LDDT34 Light-duty diesel trucks 3 and 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs GVWR)

Notes: LVW- loaded vehicle weight (curb weight + 300 lbs)

GVWR- gross vehicle weight rating (maximum weight of a road vehicle or trailer when loaded)

ALVW- adjusted LVW (numerical average of the curb weight and the GVWR)

57

3.3 The AERMOD Model

3.3.1 Background

AERMOD is an air dispersion predictive software developed by the EPA that

incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling

concepts, including treatment of both surface and elevated sources, and both simple and complex

terrain (USEPA, 2011). It was developed by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and

the United States Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Improvement Committee

(AERMIC), which initially formed in 1991 with scientists from both AMS and EPA. AERMOD

is composed of the following two input data processors: AERMET, a meteorological data

preprocessor that incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence

structure and scaling concepts, and AERMAP, a terrain data preprocessor that incorporates

complex terrain using USGS Digital Elevation Data. Other components of the system include

AERSCREEN, a screening version of AERMOD; AERSURFACE, a surface characteristics

preprocessor; and BPIPPRIME, a multi-building dimensions programs incorporating the GEP

technical procedures for PRIME applications.

3.3.2 AERMOD Modeling

The last step in the modeling process was to input the emissions generated from

MOBILE6.2 into AERMOD in order to estimate the dispersion of the different pollutants

considered in the study. Several runs were performed in AERMOD with the different pollutant

emissions (VOC, CO, NOx, and PM2.5) generated based on baseline conditions (year 2010), No

Action scenario (year 2035), and scenarios implementing each of the traffic mitigation proposals

(year 2035). Each of the runs varied pollutant emissions based on the season and on the hour for

each season for a typical weekday. Weekend emission factors were not included in any of the

58

AERMOD runs. Basic inputs to AERMOD are included in the setup file and are divided into five

pathways known as CO for specifying overall control job options, SO for specifying source

information, RE for specifying receptor information, ME for specifying location of the

meteorological files that will be applied, and OU for specifying output preferences. Each of the

pathways is required to begin with STARTING indicating the beginning of inputs for the

pathway and end with FINISHED indicating that the user is finished with the inputs for this

pathway. From this point on, aside from other inputs, it is assumed that all of the pathways

included the STARTING and FINISHED keywords. Overall information entered for all the

pollutants (VOC, CO, NOx, and PM2.5) into each of the five pathways is described in below in

more detail.

3.3.2a Control

Control is the first pathway in the AERMOD runstream setup file where modeling

options are the basic input. Keywords that were included in this pathway for our modeling

purposes included,

TITLEONE: user-specified title line. A title line was specified to distinguish the runs

for each pollutant.

MODELOPT: controls the modeling options selected for a particular run. In this case the

default options were used.

AVERTIME: identifies averaging periods that will be calculated. The averaging periods

used for VOC, CO, and NOx included hourly, 24-hours, monthly, and

annual; averaging periods used for PM2.5 included 24-hours and annual.

59

POLLUTID: identifies the type of pollutant being modeled, in this case, as previously

mentioned, four pollutants were modeled that included VOC, CO, NOx

and PM2.5

RUNORNOT: tells the model whether to run the executions (commands) or not. In this

case, it was set to run.

ERRORFIL: tells the model to generate, as part of the output, a file specifying any

particular errors that could have been generated during the run.

3.3.2b Source

The source pathway included the following mandatory keywords,

LOCATION: this line identifies source ID, source type, and location inputed as x, y, z-

coordinates. For our purpose the area source modeled for all pollutants

was the BOTA port of entry.

SRCPARAM: specifies the source parameters for a particular source ID identified in the

previous location card. For an area source, the parameters include area

emission rate in , height above ground, length and width of the

area, and orientation angle in degrees from North.

SRCGROUP: specifies how sources will be grouped during the calculations. At least one

group is required and that one was the number of groups used in all the

modeling scenarios.

3.3.2c Receptor

The receptor pathway can include both discrete receptors as well as a grid network; both

types of receptors were included in the model. For the grid network, a total of 900 receptors were

modeled every 200 meters. Discrete receptors included the locations of the TCEQ CAMS No.

60

12, 37, 41, 49, 72, and the EPWU station next to the BOTA POE where the air pollutant

monitoring and traffic count was conducted. Other receptors of interest around BOTA, were

pollutant concentrations were estimated from the modeling included Zavala Elementary School,

Bowie High School, Father Yermo Catholic School, El Paso Zoo, and the location of the

inspection booths on the US side (USCBP) and on the side of México (MXCBP) as shown

previously in Figure 2.2.

3.3.2d Meteorology

The meteorological data that was used in this project was data from 1987 (collected at the

El Paso International Airport) assuming similar meteorological conditions to today. The same

information was used for all four pollutants. The meteorology pathway included the following

mandatory keywords,

SURFFILE: specifies the filename and format for the input surface meteorological data

file.

PROFFILE: specifies the filename and format for the input profile meteorological data

file.

SURFDATA: specifies information about the surface meteorological data that will be

used in the modeling, including station number, year of when the data was

processed, and name of the station. In this case, the information for the

station at the El Paso International Airport for the year 1987 was used.

UAIRDATA: specifies information about the upper air meteorological data that will be

used in the modeling; it included the same information as the previous

command (SURFDATA).

61

PROFBASE: specifies the base elevation above MSL (mean sea level) for the potential

temperature profile, which in this case was 0.

3.3.2e Output

The output pathway specifies the results that the user wants to generate from AERMOD.

There are no mandatory commands. For our purpose, the output that was generated for VOC,

CO, and NOx included three tables with the first highest value for the monthly, 24-hour, and

hourly averages as well as a table containing the average annual value for all the receptors. The

output that was generated for PM2.5 included a table with the 8th

highest value for a 24-hour

period, corresponding to the 98th

percentile value of a 1-yr PM2.5 record, and a table with the

average annual value for all the receptors.

62

4.0 Results

4.1 Traffic Measurements

Tables 4.1 to 4.24 list the results of the VISSIM simulation runs for the baseline. The

tables are arranged in terms of seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter), direction (northbound

and southbound) and day (weekday, Saturday and Sunday). Each table lists the volume, average

delay and average queue length hour by hour as captured by the 24-hour VISSIM runs. The

values listed in the tables are the average from the 10 repetitions. Vehicle counts listed in these

tables were generated from the traffic demand shown previously in Tables 3.2-3.4. Because of

the stochastic nature of the simulation, the volume generated by VISSIM output (in the following

tables) will not be exactly the same as the traffic demand specified in the inputs (in Tables 3.2-

3.4). These hourly volume, average delay and average queue length were used as inputs into

MOBILE6. Note that, for the northbound direction, the statistics for commercials, irrespective of

empty or loaded trucks, are listed in the same columns. This is because all commercial vehicles,

regardless of empty or loaded, queue in the same commercial vehicle lanes at BOTA. They were

only separated when reaching the inspection booths. However, in the southbound direction,

loaded and empty trucks were separated into different queues at BOTA.

63

Table 4.1: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 northbound on weekday

Table 4.2: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 northbound on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 190 8.38 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 76 8.74 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 73 2.50 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 142 4.94 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 164 9.53 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 178 14.19 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 543 16.98 240.80 92 13.98 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 613 29.88 854.90 91 20.94 428.45

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 641 48.75 1699.80 149 46.47 808.82

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 603 66.21 2612.10 136 87.95 2058.36

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 566 77.80 3222.60 88 106.14 2747.18

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 590 91.17 3811.00 87 105.92 2875.18

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 577 103.87 4480.60 95 113.67 3051.27

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 511 108.80 4878.10 122 128.43 3510.36

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 536 113.88 5123.10 88 140.68 3903.09

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 520 117.48 5354.00 95 145.64 4021.73

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 463 113.82 5395.60 81 146.08 4078.27

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 500 117.29 5344.90 118 152.73 4376.18

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 491 118.67 5445.20 7 130.84 4019.91

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 473 115.05 5400.70 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 381 101.08 5043.60 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 416 91.06 4458.70 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 315 66.73 3704.60 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 174 41.32 2215.00 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Trucks

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 211 10.29 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 105 13.30 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 114 8.06 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 102 5.38 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 178 8.61 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 230 16.31 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 465 16.95 543.73 4 4.07 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 495 19.47 543.91 36 7.45 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 541 23.23 579.27 72 11.32 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 510 28.24 737.00 83 13.46 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 500 30.35 831.55 97 19.51 429.82

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 475 30.75 864.64 99 31.27 511.73

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 499 31.63 878.64 59 28.83 509.73

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 557 37.04 1127.73 4 9.82 427.55

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 614 50.52 1676.18 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 576 64.79 2309.36 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 565 74.04 2797.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 352 62.23 2665.73 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 544 65.82 2409.73 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 455 64.76 2500.09 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 474 62.57 2403.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 523 65.83 2476.18 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 366 54.32 2236.91 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 382 41.14 1563.00 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Trucks

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

64

Table 4.3: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 northbound on Sunday

Table 4.4: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 southbound on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 254 12.83 588.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 218 21.66 610.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 219 25.05 657.10 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 117 19.69 629.50 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 100 10.63 598.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 132 7.85 598.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 280 11.74 598.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 494 16.85 598.20 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 483 19.26 598.10 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 542 23.58 640.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 559 32.39 970.60 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 569 41.95 1454.90 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 559 51.56 1946.90 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 577 63.63 2484.20 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 576 75.51 3088.50 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 514 81.13 3464.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 505 83.58 3631.20 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 559 91.50 3898.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 519 96.17 4238.50 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 487 97.79 4343.20 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 492 96.80 4404.80 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 493 98.06 4452.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 404 82.32 4170.60 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 280 56.61 3273.20 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Trucks

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 132 0.33 4.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 57 0.30 3.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 30 0.28 0.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 25 0.28 0.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 27 0.29 0.35 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 82 0.32 2.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 346 0.37 8.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 578 0.41 18.00 1 0.39 0.00 1 1.78 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 823 0.53 54.45 3 0.50 0.40 8 2.08 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 635 0.43 31.00 4 0.54 0.30 13 1.94 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 608 0.43 25.10 11 0.63 2.10 36 2.21 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 586 0.42 26.80 11 0.60 4.40 42 2.24 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 657 0.44 124.90 16 0.58 6.00 52 2.37 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 777 0.50 88.80 15 0.59 7.00 45 2.31 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 885 0.62 130.00 14 0.68 8.00 56 2.50 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1285 4.44 138.00 18 0.64 5.70 63 2.95 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1439 14.32 185.75 20 2.88 2.90 70 5.70 610.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1377 25.17 169.75 22 5.31 0.90 85 9.39 610.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1014 23.99 120.20 21 3.92 0.00 90 13.66 610.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1020 17.18 52.45 20 3.67 0.00 82 20.27 610.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 694 5.63 39.20 11 1.14 0.00 49 12.09 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 636 0.42 33.30 12 0.57 0.00 51 3.54 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 419 0.37 15.50 11 0.59 0.00 47 2.26 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 156 0.33 5.90 5 0.47 0.00 19 2.00 0.00

Cars Empty Trucks Loaded Trucks

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

65

Table 4.5: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 southbound on Saturday

Table 4.6: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2010 southbound on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 138 0.32 4.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 91 0.31 3.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 17 0.28 0.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 25 0.28 0.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 16 0.28 0.35 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 65 0.32 2.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 263 0.35 8.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 545 0.40 18.25 1 0.39 0.00 1 1.78 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 946 0.84 54.60 3 0.48 0.60 8 2.04 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 737 0.49 30.90 4 0.54 1.10 13 1.96 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 690 0.45 24.95 11 0.63 3.60 35 2.22 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 729 0.47 26.90 11 0.60 4.40 42 2.27 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1082 1.62 121.60 16 0.58 5.80 52 2.34 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 912 1.15 86.60 15 0.59 5.70 45 2.36 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1080 1.74 131.80 14 0.68 5.80 56 2.52 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1024 1.73 135.90 18 0.63 6.80 63 3.02 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1132 2.11 180.15 20 2.96 7.40 70 5.71 611.60

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1086 2.02 170.95 23 6.00 7.30 86 10.01 632.40

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 995 1.65 124.85 21 4.07 11.50 90 13.84 885.30

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 864 1.01 62.25 20 3.41 10.70 82 20.40 2571.90

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1055 1.65 125.55 11 1.38 8.30 50 11.92 1424.90

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 990 1.48 109.50 12 0.57 4.40 51 3.70 627.60

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 847 0.66 45.30 11 0.58 4.00 47 2.29 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 874 0.60 39.00 4 0.52 1.80 20 1.95 0.00

Loaded TrucksEmpty TrucksCars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 116 0.32 4.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 39 0.29 1.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 14 0.28 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 21 0.27 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 23 0.28 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 29 0.31 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 64 0.32 2.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 79 0.32 3.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 424 0.38 13.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 473 0.39 17.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 527 0.40 16.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 535 0.41 20.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 826 0.54 28.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 676 0.45 23.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 692 0.46 23.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 778 0.49 27.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 808 0.51 28.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 850 0.56 36.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 909 0.66 56.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 873 0.61 38.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 825 0.54 37.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 629 0.43 24.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 408 0.37 14.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 209 0.34 7.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

66

Table 4.7: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 northbound on weekday

Table 4.8: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 northbound on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 96 2.91 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 59 2.42 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 68 2.44 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 143 5.12 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 262 16.15 599.20 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 277 35.30 898.70 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 574 31.43 1179.00 78 11.41 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 562 43.27 1530.90 85 14.97 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 612 57.52 2155.40 96 20.18 470.20

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 596 72.46 2936.20 109 34.66 629.30

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 563 83.89 3518.40 106 50.81 1128.90

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 542 91.75 3936.20 102 66.41 1546.60

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 538 98.14 4329.80 101 79.44 2012.10

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 485 99.94 4513.10 123 99.36 2833.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 539 106.05 4674.10 136 126.96 2995.64

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 511 108.26 4888.30 103 145.40 3685.27

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 514 111.70 5039.20 95 159.51 3979.09

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 491 113.13 5167.80 121 168.57 4432.55

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 498 114.53 5238.50 7 141.18 4100.18

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 478 112.63 5265.90 0 15.97 2606.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 468 110.32 5197.90 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 433 99.58 4970.50 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 277 68.59 4163.50 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 160 44.10 2474.70 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 151 5.30 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 124 7.61 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 84 4.43 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 103 3.23 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 124 3.92 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 257 14.71 598.30 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 549 18.87 604.00 17 4.90 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 556 28.40 810.40 37 7.38 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 587 39.41 1293.90 38 7.59 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 606 54.28 2022.50 87 13.22 470.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 549 64.68 2606.30 82 16.51 470.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 567 74.64 3043.70 92 20.62 470.90

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 522 81.51 3462.50 88 25.51 482.30

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 558 88.85 3839.10 20 14.46 473.70

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 562 99.29 4312.50 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 536 105.05 4681.70 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 561 114.70 5034.20 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 544 122.56 5467.90 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 486 123.09 5679.30 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 508 125.06 5730.90 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 503 126.76 5883.20 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 499 120.75 6011.30 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 275 85.51 5404.80 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 215 61.72 3861.90 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

67

Table 4.9: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 northbound on Sunday

Table 4.10: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 southbound on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 249 12.06 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 203 18.71 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 137 16.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 107 11.40 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 92 5.84 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 118 4.32 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 289 10.49 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 485 16.55 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 515 20.49 602.50 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 522 24.93 670.40 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 547 31.47 927.90 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 527 37.40 1248.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 543 44.53 1591.50 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 547 52.05 1982.60 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 551 60.23 2370.80 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 560 69.67 2803.10 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 519 75.13 3170.40 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 526 79.75 3406.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 527 85.53 3653.20 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 565 93.88 3999.80 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 503 97.99 4363.40 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 563 102.39 4667.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 268 69.55 4238.60 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 189 45.85 2588.60 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Trucks

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 0 0.00 6.90 2 0.48 4.90 5 1.51 126.20

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 39 0.29 6.50 0 0.00 0.10 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 30 0.29 4.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 21 0.29 3.35 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 21 0.30 1.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 83 0.31 1.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 336 0.36 3.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 700 0.45 6.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 694 0.45 10.60 3 0.60 0.00 8 2.01 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 563 0.41 13.90 5 0.48 0.00 17 2.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 516 0.40 15.50 11 0.64 0.00 38 2.16 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 506 0.40 18.45 11 0.54 0.00 40 2.22 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 419 0.38 18.20 15 0.61 0.00 49 2.31 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 426 0.38 21.70 16 0.56 0.00 50 2.41 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 600 0.42 23.00 12 0.67 0.00 46 2.33 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 751 0.48 21.80 13 0.64 0.00 46 2.39 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 686 0.45 22.10 11 0.55 0.00 40 2.30 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 721 0.46 28.40 24 0.65 0.00 88 5.65 610.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 641 0.44 27.70 24 0.70 0.00 92 13.23 610.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 419 0.38 24.30 14 0.63 0.00 64 12.27 610.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 700 0.46 27.55 17 0.69 0.00 64 7.12 610.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 638 0.43 26.85 9 0.61 0.00 45 3.14 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 418 0.37 24.15 10 0.49 0.00 38 2.09 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 585 0.41 22.15 8 0.54 0.00 33 2.25 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

68

Table 4.11: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 southbound on Saturday

Table 4.12: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2010 southbound on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 197 0.32 6.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 119 0.31 4.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 106 0.29 3.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 57 0.29 2.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 38 0.29 1.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 60 0.33 1.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 141 0.39 4.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 291 0.39 10.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 464 0.41 15.85 0 0.17 0.00 2 1.73 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 581 0.41 19.35 5 0.69 1.30 12 1.91 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 760 0.49 28.40 7 0.54 2.40 24 2.10 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 731 0.47 27.20 14 0.53 5.00 49 2.40 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 816 0.53 33.15 22 0.70 6.80 70 3.19 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 789 0.52 31.75 22 0.55 11.20 71 4.10 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 742 0.48 28.00 16 0.61 5.70 61 3.51 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 841 0.56 33.80 13 0.51 6.30 49 2.80 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 892 0.61 39.15 4 0.45 2.00 16 1.82 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 769 0.50 28.50 1 0.21 0.50 3 1.47 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 798 0.51 30.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 782 0.50 29.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 700 0.46 25.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 773 0.49 29.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 729 0.46 27.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 745 0.46 28.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

Loaded TrucksEmpty TrucksCarsStart time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 190 0.36 6.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 187 0.34 6.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 127 0.33 4.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 93 0.33 3.35 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 37 0.32 1.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 40 0.31 1.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 95 0.32 3.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 193 0.35 6.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 313 0.36 10.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 412 0.37 13.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 460 0.39 15.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 539 0.41 18.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 537 0.41 18.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 623 0.43 21.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 648 0.44 23.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 620 0.43 21.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 635 0.43 22.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 763 0.48 28.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 733 0.48 27.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 675 0.44 24.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 745 0.48 27.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 733 0.47 26.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 668 0.44 24.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 644 0.43 22.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

69

Table 4.13: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 northbound on weekday

Table 4.14: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 northbound on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 79 2.54 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 45 2.23 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 57 2.30 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 113 3.38 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 222 10.98 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 243 20.93 608.30 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 588 20.93 643.40 87 12.85 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 607 36.29 1156.70 126 30.07 584.70

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 580 50.08 1819.50 150 69.32 1574.90

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 608 64.64 2520.10 115 100.49 2820.60

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 613 80.93 3303.60 117 121.28 3497.30

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 561 93.01 3947.20 118 143.62 4200.70

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 556 102.08 4451.60 135 177.38 5271.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 471 100.90 4653.20 103 203.60 6555.60

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 515 104.80 4682.20 84 201.23 7222.30

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 503 106.12 4822.70 88 204.54 7129.40

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 565 115.38 5082.50 85 204.14 7217.90

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 566 126.50 5599.60 85 205.12 7537.60

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 528 134.12 6105.40 57 184.56 6737.30

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 486 131.25 6567.70 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 488 129.62 6852.70 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 403 108.60 6256.20 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 204 73.07 4823.50 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 189 50.39 2976.10 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 215 10.40 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 110 13.95 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 90 7.01 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 70 2.68 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 143 5.15 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 231 13.62 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 492 16.88 0.00 24 5.22 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 533 21.92 615.00 53 9.72 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 543 28.65 796.60 70 11.84 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 556 36.78 1220.20 61 11.45 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 564 46.20 1666.30 93 15.34 470.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 526 53.25 2034.30 105 26.82 504.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 653 69.96 2707.70 86 35.25 652.10

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 558 83.22 3533.00 10 17.91 503.90

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 566 93.09 4003.80 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 523 98.72 4351.80 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 540 104.83 4631.30 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 565 114.71 5039.30 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 533 120.86 5451.50 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 573 132.93 5929.90 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 493 132.43 6641.30 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 479 124.51 6814.70 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 339 96.72 5994.50 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 188 66.96 4336.70 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Trucks

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

70

Table 4.15: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 northbound on Sunday

Table 4.16: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 southbound on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 186 7.96 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 120 11.32 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 78 5.59 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 77 2.60 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 78 2.58 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 130 4.27 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 206 8.83 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 546 17.05 598.60 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 606 29.08 830.50 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 635 47.33 1656.50 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 654 68.75 2681.10 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 611 86.64 3600.60 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 568 99.62 4293.60 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 636 117.98 5049.80 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 571 131.22 5895.80 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 509 132.42 6428.60 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 487 132.31 6861.80 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 483 132.13 7137.70 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 489 132.03 7230.60 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 481 131.90 7509.50 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 485 131.60 7863.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 491 131.43 8077.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 483 124.11 7627.50 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 477 102.80 6765.80 0 0.00 0.00

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Cars Trucks

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 93 0.31 3.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 49 0.29 1.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 32 0.28 1.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 17 0.27 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 20 0.28 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 106 0.32 3.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 316 0.36 10.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 769 0.50 28.35 1 0.43 0.00 4 1.74 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 716 0.46 26.55 5 0.65 1.50 14 1.97 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 620 0.43 21.90 8 0.67 2.60 27 2.13 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 526 0.41 18.40 16 0.57 6.20 53 2.42 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 531 0.40 18.05 13 0.60 4.70 43 2.42 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 585 0.42 20.05 17 0.60 6.20 52 2.45 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 726 0.47 26.80 17 0.63 6.50 59 2.71 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 589 0.42 20.90 14 0.60 5.50 49 2.41 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 945 0.84 55.85 16 0.60 5.80 62 2.89 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1049 1.53 111.20 23 0.65 10.50 88 6.33 629.40

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 768 0.65 44.90 18 0.60 5.90 63 6.50 701.90

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 832 0.55 35.00 22 0.71 10.40 98 10.40 802.50

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 884 0.73 45.30 18 1.01 8.60 76 16.13 1189.20

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 683 0.48 27.50 9 0.59 4.30 42 6.54 769.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 495 0.39 17.45 12 0.61 4.40 47 2.38 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 368 0.37 12.85 12 0.57 4.50 48 2.43 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 214 0.34 7.95 6 0.49 2.60 29 2.01 0.00

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)


71

Table 4.17: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 southbound on Saturday

Table 4.18: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2010 southbound on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 111 0.32 3.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 55 0.30 1.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 29 0.28 0.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 21 0.27 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 19 0.28 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 121 0.33 4.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 155 0.34 5.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 314 0.36 10.65 0 0.36 0.00 1 1.63 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 455 0.38 15.55 2 0.64 0.20 4 1.59 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 651 0.43 22.25 4 0.48 1.20 11 2.03 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 678 0.44 24.15 8 0.57 2.70 25 1.99 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 724 0.47 26.65 12 0.55 3.70 40 2.23 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 671 0.45 24.35 18 0.62 7.80 62 2.66 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 686 0.46 24.95 24 0.65 10.70 73 3.82 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 797 0.52 31.45 13 0.61 5.00 53 2.77 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 867 0.60 38.70 15 0.58 5.20 52 2.48 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 804 0.51 31.90 8 0.56 2.60 26 2.07 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 748 0.48 28.05 2 0.46 0.50 6 1.66 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 829 0.55 34.40 0 0.00 0.00 2 1.54 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 879 0.63 41.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 847 0.58 37.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 700 0.45 25.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 580 0.41 20.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 440 0.37 15.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 121 0.32 4.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 52 0.28 1.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 21 0.27 0.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 25 0.28 0.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 17 0.28 0.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 34 0.30 0.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 69 0.32 2.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 137 0.34 4.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 290 0.36 10.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 456 0.39 15.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 583 0.41 19.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 604 0.42 21.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 643 0.43 22.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 710 0.46 25.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 698 0.46 25.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 799 0.51 31.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 763 0.48 28.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 807 0.52 31.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 790 0.51 31.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 804 0.52 31.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 779 0.50 30.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 753 0.49 28.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 756 0.49 29.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 555 0.40 19.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

72

Table 4.19: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 northbound on weekday

Table 4.20: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 northbound on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 154 6.03 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 82 5.14 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 50 2.20 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 59 2.27 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 97 3.17 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 148 5.96 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 189 9.63 0.00 99 15.50 470.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 544 16.46 0.00 159 47.36 907.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 539 24.19 75.00 130 90.95 2315.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 511 28.80 431.00 131 117.86 3173.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 525 32.44 530.00 135 153.74 4264.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 501 35.84 621.00 136 191.53 5574.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 524 39.71 747.00 86 207.89 6558.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 545 46.35 1056.00 80 205.13 7370.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 452 46.41 1198.00 87 203.32 8703.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 510 46.18 1185.00 85 207.23 9631.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 545 51.73 1510.00 86 206.38 9870.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 562 61.41 1890.00 81 206.41 9813.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 536 69.68 2379.00 85 205.22 8728.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 532 74.92 2536.00 65 181.04 6711.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 527 79.74 2954.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 457 77.52 2957.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 280 51.49 2063.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 176 29.33 475.00 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Trucks

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 149 5.72 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 102 5.80 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 81 2.75 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 74 2.53 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 124 4.10 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 207 11.37 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 312 13.27 0.00 15 4.71 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 324 15.96 598.00 41 7.93 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 396 17.02 598.00 76 11.59 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 425 17.77 598.00 88 15.30 470.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 549 21.04 615.30 101 24.69 961.09

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 439 22.59 626.90 102 37.81 1160.09

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 443 19.70 598.30 64 38.77 1210.73

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 541 21.34 614.90 11 13.06 952.55

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 441 22.54 632.20 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 439 19.45 598.30 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 495 19.28 600.20 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 407 19.53 599.50 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 275 17.58 598.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 232 14.81 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 195 14.76 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 219 13.67 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 293 13.29 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 227 14.34 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

73

Table 4.21: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 northbound on Sunday

Table 4.22: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 southbound on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 222 10.98 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 98 13.71 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 89 5.76 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 67 2.48 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 81 2.60 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 125 4.47 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 273 10.09 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 419 15.82 598.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 546 20.28 606.10 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 505 25.47 679.90 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 487 26.11 718.30 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 537 30.15 875.40 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 519 35.39 1168.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 584 44.91 1580.60 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 609 59.36 2283.90 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 639 78.07 3148.10 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 575 92.01 3905.80 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 558 102.59 4421.20 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 568 113.60 4933.40 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 480 111.98 5186.90 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 479 108.84 5125.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 327 81.25 4635.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 222 56.35 3326.30 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 181 33.32 1520.50 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 93 0.31 3.05 1 0.36 0.00 3 1.21 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 49 0.28 1.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 30 0.28 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 12 0.27 0.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 19 0.28 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 72 0.32 2.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 303 0.35 10.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 626 0.42 21.45 1 0.30 0.00 2 1.62 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 578 0.41 19.80 4 0.47 0.90 12 2.01 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 449 0.39 15.75 5 0.54 1.20 17 1.88 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 545 0.41 18.45 9 0.57 2.80 28 2.04 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 482 0.39 16.80 11 0.58 4.40 40 2.17 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 476 0.39 16.40 16 0.64 5.80 52 2.52 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 397 0.38 13.80 12 0.58 4.30 41 2.12 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 375 0.37 13.15 10 0.58 2.90 30 2.15 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 278 0.35 9.80 8 0.61 2.60 31 2.06 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 422 0.38 13.75 14 0.62 5.10 50 2.51 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 665 0.44 23.05 20 0.62 8.10 72 3.76 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 424 0.38 14.75 22 0.66 10.10 86 6.74 630.80

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 659 0.44 23.05 14 0.63 5.60 60 5.29 644.70

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 647 0.43 22.75 8 0.56 2.50 37 2.21 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 424 0.37 14.40 9 0.64 2.90 33 2.01 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 651 0.44 22.80 7 0.58 2.70 30 2.02 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 623 0.42 21.40 5 0.59 1.70 21 1.98 0.00


74

Table 4.23: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 southbound on Saturday

Table 4.24: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2010 southbound on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 193 0.34 6.50 1 0.40 0.00 3 1.30 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 114 0.33 4.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 91 0.32 3.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 60 0.33 2.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 28 0.30 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 57 0.32 2.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 103 0.33 3.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 226 0.35 8.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 418 0.38 14.50 1 0.14 0.00 2 1.44 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 613 0.42 23.00 4 0.67 1.00 12 2.05 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 792 0.51 31.00 8 0.54 4.00 22 2.01 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 773 0.50 31.00 10 0.56 4.00 36 2.18 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 796 0.51 33.00 13 0.53 6.00 51 2.26 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 835 0.56 38.50 19 0.64 9.00 58 2.80 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 914 0.71 44.00 17 0.60 6.00 62 2.92 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 921 0.79 49.50 14 0.61 5.00 53 2.76 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 834 0.57 34.00 5 0.54 2.00 21 1.96 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 763 0.49 29.50 1 0.44 0.00 6 1.80 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1050 1.42 97.00 0 0.24 0.00 1 1.47 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 741 0.63 40.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 744 0.48 24.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1042 1.39 103.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 728 0.58 32.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 648 0.43 23.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Empty Trucks Loaded TrucksStart time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 141 0.32 5.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 207 0.33 6.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 112 0.33 3.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 39 0.31 1.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 19 0.28 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 37 0.31 1.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 79 0.32 2.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 143 0.34 5.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 291 0.36 10.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 433 0.38 15.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 537 0.41 18.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 564 0.41 20.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 585 0.42 20.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 666 0.44 24.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 767 0.50 28.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 805 0.51 33.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 733 0.47 27.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 829 0.53 33.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 901 0.67 38.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 796 0.53 37.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 810 0.52 28.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 898 0.64 44.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 778 0.51 33.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 630 0.42 22.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

Empty Trucks Loaded TrucksCars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

75

Tables 4.25 to 4.72 list the results of the VISSIM simulation runs for the future year (year

2035). The tables are arranged in terms of seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter), direction

(northbound and southbound), presence of trucks (with trucks and no truck) and day (weekday,

Saturday and Sunday). Each table lists the volume, average delay and average queue length hour

by hour as captured by the 24-hour VISSIM runs. The values listed in the tables are the averages

from the 10 repetitions. These hourly volume, average delay and average queue length were used

as inputs into MOBILE6. Refer to Table 3.8 in the previous chapter to see how the tables were

combined for each of the scenarios.

Table 4.25: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound with trucks on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 357 27.05 209.90 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 152 36.87 1008.70 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 155 22.99 644.70 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 296 29.41 769.80 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 294 56.76 1364.10 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 357 90.91 2147.20 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 806 129.92 5381.40 63 10.98 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 392 156.93 8170.60 60 11.47 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 527 133.08 8170.60 99 16.47 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 485 130.63 8171.10 91 25.79 484.36

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 496 131.13 8170.60 61 22.55 481.45

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 494 133.36 8171.20 61 12.63 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 482 132.95 8170.80 67 11.58 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 485 132.04 8170.70 85 13.11 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 483 132.18 8170.60 64 13.08 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 485 132.25 8170.40 67 11.48 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 492 132.56 8170.50 58 11.23 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 483 133.56 8170.70 84 12.94 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 487 133.34 8170.80 5 7.43 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 484 131.40 8170.80 0 1.07 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 489 131.56 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 484 131.95 8170.60 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 481 128.02 8170.60 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 476 111.08 7823.70 0 0.00 0.00

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Cars Trucks

76


Saturday

Table 4.27: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound with trucks on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 368 28.95 250.90 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 192 46.05 1217.20 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 215 45.01 1156.50 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 187 43.87 1143.40 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 311 58.23 1394.10 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 438 109.14 2491.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 704 142.21 5444.10 3 3.90 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 295 162.42 8144.30 24 5.72 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 486 145.51 8170.60 50 9.69 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 508 131.82 8170.80 57 11.01 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 489 132.09 8170.70 66 11.30 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 487 133.18 8170.70 66 11.75 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 486 133.25 8170.80 39 10.54 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 485 131.70 8170.80 3 5.73 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 485 132.93 8170.90 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 486 131.24 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 484 132.63 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 484 132.76 8170.20 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 483 132.24 8170.50 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 491 131.17 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 488 131.80 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 486 131.46 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 486 130.38 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 471 116.24 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 445 40.79 484 0 0 0

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 401 110.16 1941 0 0 0

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 418 181.47 3440 0 0 0

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 238 197.10 4473 0 0 0

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 202 183.85 4439 0 0 0

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 273 191.40 4561 0 0 0

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 406 188.22 5864 0 0 0

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 236 160.09 7541 0 0 0

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 290 150.40 7572 0 0 0

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 402 151.81 7573 0 0 0

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 523 139.90 7572 0 0 0

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 494 132.68 7572 0 0 0

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 487 134.92 7572 0 0 0

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 481 133.16 7573 0 0 0

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 483 132.20 7574 0 0 0

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 485 132.72 7572 0 0 0

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 484 131.08 7574 0 0 0

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 488 132.68 7573 0 0 0

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 486 132.33 7572 0 0 0

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 483 132.19 7572 0 0 0

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 493 132.38 7574 0 0 0

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 489 132.68 7573 0 0 0

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 483 129.67 7573 0 0 0

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 476 114.69 7573 0 0 0

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

77


weekday


Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 204 0.34 6.85 1 0.13 0.00 1 2.60 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 86 0.31 3.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 42 0.30 1.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 35 0.31 1.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 38 0.32 1.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 123 0.33 4.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 527 0.40 17.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 884 0.64 40.05 1 0.35 0.00 2 2.20 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1261 3.80 405.45 4 0.52 0.80 2 10.30 610.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 959 2.91 363.25 5 0.52 1.80 2 16.50 610.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 918 0.90 61.45 15 0.64 4.80 2 44.70 610.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 885 0.68 46.35 14 0.62 6.50 2 53.50 610.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 997 1.20 82.55 21 0.64 8.90 3 65.50 610.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1178 2.87 275.55 17 0.69 6.70 3 57.60 610.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1352 9.01 1443.20 18 1.16 6.70 4 71.20 610.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1596 25.53 6570.10 21 6.84 5.30 9 76.50 610.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1353 31.32 8652.40 21 12.31 4.60 16 87.00 610.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1307 34.49 8653.90 24 15.17 4.00 19 89.60 610.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1183 33.34 8654.05 24 14.26 4.00 23 108.80 831.40

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1198 30.33 8653.20 23 10.01 4.60 27 97.80 3584.20

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1359 30.65 8654.05 15 13.70 3.40 21 58.70 5626.90

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1182 31.44 8653.60 16 10.87 3.00 14 62.00 5588.10

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 1199 27.76 8653.50 15 6.25 3.10 9 57.10 5587.70

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 1059 24.47 8381.90 6 4.86 2.80 5 24.80 5370.20

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)


Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 191 0.34 6.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 126 0.32 4.35 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 25 0.29 0.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 33 0.31 1.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 20 0.30 0.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 87 0.32 2.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 360 0.37 11.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 734 0.47 26.40 0 0.23 0.00 2 1.86 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1293 4.39 490.85 2 0.65 0.20 5 1.55 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 1005 4.43 608.30 3 0.67 0.80 6 1.98 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 939 1.23 92.05 8 0.62 2.30 26 2.13 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 997 1.35 94.70 15 0.56 5.30 51 2.41 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1458 9.42 1603.65 20 1.76 7.50 65 3.78 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1250 18.40 4679.30 22 3.32 8.00 69 5.94 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1380 24.98 6483.35 22 5.10 7.40 77 7.45 616.60

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1217 27.64 8335.50 16 5.29 5.40 60 8.25 644.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1237 28.27 8640.40 9 4.95 2.80 36 7.85 610.10

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1226 28.21 8649.20 3 9.01 0.80 11 8.76 610.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1216 32.35 8636.15 0 0.00 0.40 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1150 38.23 8306.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1263 38.05 8267.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1162 41.20 8387.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 1024 34.79 8218.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 1063 25.82 8127.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

78

Table 4.30: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound with trucks on Sunday

Table 4.31: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 204 0.34 6.85 1 0.13 0.00 1 2.60 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 86 0.31 3.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 42 0.30 1.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 35 0.31 1.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 38 0.32 1.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 123 0.33 4.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 527 0.40 17.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 884 0.64 40.05 1 0.35 0.00 2 2.20 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1261 3.80 405.45 4 0.52 0.80 2 10.30 610.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 959 2.91 363.25 5 0.52 1.80 2 16.50 610.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 918 0.90 61.45 15 0.64 4.80 2 44.70 610.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 885 0.68 46.35 14 0.62 6.50 2 53.50 610.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 997 1.20 82.55 21 0.64 8.90 3 65.50 610.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1178 2.87 275.55 17 0.69 6.70 3 57.60 610.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1352 9.01 1443.20 18 1.16 6.70 4 71.20 610.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1596 25.53 6570.10 21 6.84 5.30 9 76.50 610.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1353 31.32 8652.40 21 12.31 4.60 16 87.00 610.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1307 34.49 8653.90 24 15.17 4.00 19 89.60 610.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1183 33.34 8654.05 24 14.26 4.00 23 108.80 831.40

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1198 30.33 8653.20 23 10.01 4.60 27 97.80 3584.20

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1359 30.65 8654.05 15 13.70 3.40 21 58.70 5626.90

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1182 31.44 8653.60 16 10.87 3.00 14 62.00 5588.10

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 1199 27.76 8653.50 15 6.25 3.10 9 57.10 5587.70

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 1059 24.47 8381.90 6 4.86 2.80 5 24.80 5370.20

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)


Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 399 27.67 538.70

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 168 42.55 1124.20

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 161 27.75 512.90

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 322 33.78 660.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 307 63.31 1640.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 351 95.70 2370.20

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 1182 93.22 1647.90

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 938 93.38 3225.97

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1003 111.69 4416.80

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 837 121.86 6498.03

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 780 130.31 8448.03

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 750 137.84 8699.10

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 732 139.38 8699.93

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 729 139.43 8699.83

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 728 138.20 8699.97

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 722 136.86 8699.40

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 711 134.85 8699.03

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 738 135.56 8699.43

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 729 134.08 8700.20

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 727 132.30 8699.13

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 729 133.54 8682.07

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 727 132.68 8696.97

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 730 133.25 8603.43

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 756 124.26 7844.30

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Cars

79

Table 4.32: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 414 30.43 629.10

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 212 53.42 1493.40

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 235 54.15 1495.90

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 205 53.31 1487.40

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 312 69.07 1764.70

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 428 119.44 2786.70

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 978 102.14 1687.10

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 815 82.10 2624.93

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 836 90.16 3539.80

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 914 105.93 4391.37

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 931 119.17 6088.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 795 133.62 7721.30

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 733 139.63 8202.60

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 733 139.52 8626.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 741 139.04 8700.10

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 713 137.39 8700.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 728 135.84 8699.97

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 729 135.32 8658.83

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 726 135.88 8695.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 730 135.90 8698.87

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 722 133.70 8699.37

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 737 132.13 8699.40

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 727 134.10 8677.67

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 720 129.56 8678.33

Cars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

80

Table 4.33: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 northbound no truck on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 473 41.80 991.50

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 398 112.29 2650.20

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 413 178.76 4122.40

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 239 179.59 4963.30

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 209 160.92 4922.40

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 276 181.22 4944.50

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 597 125.54 1893.97

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 757 69.80 2557.83

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 788 78.16 3235.27

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 838 94.86 3753.87

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 905 114.29 4423.93

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 840 123.93 5363.80

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 799 125.23 7715.93

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 754 132.54 8559.37

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 760 138.21 8699.77

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 718 137.77 8699.83

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 717 138.68 8698.73

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 743 137.36 8700.07

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 721 135.98 8699.90

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 733 134.78 8700.10

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 730 135.91 8699.90

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 719 134.32 8700.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 734 133.91 8697.20

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 737 129.75 8520.33

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Cars

81

Table 4.34: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 240 0.30 4.73

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 106 0.29 2.40

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 55 0.29 1.23

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 48 0.30 1.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 43 0.28 0.90

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 155 0.29 3.07

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 604 0.35 12.80

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 999 0.40 21.50

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1396 0.49 31.80

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 1072 0.42 23.97

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 1029 0.41 22.63

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 988 0.40 21.77

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1129 0.42 24.50

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1312 0.47 30.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1505 0.53 36.77

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 2121 4.74 588.10

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 2330 16.29 1128.10

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1971 20.54 1125.90

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1638 18.80 1526.47

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1690 13.39 1583.80

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1186 5.20 776.33

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1074 0.42 23.87

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 721 0.37 16.43

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 276 0.32 6.43

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Cars

82

Table 4.35: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 226 0.30 4.53

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 153 0.30 3.20

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 27 0.27 0.73

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 42 0.27 0.80

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 21 0.27 0.40

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 110 0.29 2.33

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 426 0.33 8.87

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 843 0.38 17.90

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1431 0.51 33.10

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 1125 0.42 25.03

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 1057 0.41 23.30

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1113 0.42 24.37

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1612 0.63 46.40

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1394 0.49 33.03

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1609 0.65 47.77

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1533 0.56 39.87

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1665 0.69 52.33

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1600 0.61 44.90

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1501 0.53 37.10

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1296 0.47 29.90

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1313 0.47 29.80

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1252 0.45 27.70

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 672 0.37 15.57

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 251 0.31 5.90

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

83

Table 4.36: Average delay and queue length for Spring 2035 southbound no truck on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 171 0.29 3.47

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 58 0.28 1.37

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 19 0.28 0.37

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 32 0.28 0.67

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 32 0.29 0.70

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 38 0.28 0.83

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 101 0.29 2.13

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 127 0.29 2.70

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 606 0.35 12.70

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 666 0.36 14.63

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 734 0.37 16.30

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 741 0.37 16.23

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1143 0.42 24.40

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 928 0.39 20.67

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 958 0.40 20.90

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1065 0.42 23.53

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1089 0.42 24.13

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1147 0.43 25.17

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1251 0.45 27.70

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1196 0.44 26.23

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1139 0.43 24.97

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 865 0.39 18.93

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 571 0.35 12.93

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 299 0.31 6.63

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

84


weekday


Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 206 10.17 244.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 129 13.75 492.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 145 12.24 188.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 306 24.97 330.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 464 83.06 1005.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 605 181.60 1848.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 356 198.20 5021.00 53 10.41 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 231 162.36 7574.00 57 11.07 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 279 149.37 7573.00 64 11.54 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 353 156.64 7573.00 73 11.86 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 520 145.15 7573.00 71 12.64 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 498 131.02 7573.00 66 11.67 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 490 132.68 7573.00 68 11.37 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 481 132.82 7572.00 84 12.63 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 486 131.35 7573.00 96 18.21 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 484 132.24 7572.00 74 20.85 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 486 131.97 7573.00 68 15.26 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 497 132.46 7572.00 88 15.99 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 481 134.10 7573.00 5 8.90 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 481 132.17 7573.00 0 0.85 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 484 132.80 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 487 131.77 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 485 126.53 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 487 108.71 7217.00 0 0.00 0.00

Cars Trucks

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 368 28.95 250.90 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 192 46.05 1217.20 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 215 45.01 1156.50 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 187 43.87 1143.40 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 311 58.23 1394.10 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 438 109.14 2491.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 704 142.21 5444.10 3 3.90 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 295 162.42 8144.30 24 5.72 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 486 145.51 8170.60 50 9.69 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 508 131.82 8170.80 57 11.01 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 489 132.09 8170.70 66 11.30 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 487 133.18 8170.70 66 11.75 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 486 133.25 8170.80 39 10.54 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 485 131.70 8170.80 3 5.73 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 485 132.93 8170.90 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 486 131.24 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 484 132.63 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 484 132.76 8170.20 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 483 132.24 8170.50 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 491 131.17 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 488 131.80 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 486 131.46 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 486 130.38 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 471 116.24 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

85


Sunday


weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 423 37.42 379.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 361 93.46 1563.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 248 116.75 2298.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 202 121.16 2412.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 181 114.15 2314.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 230 109.78 2274.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 607 110.46 3354.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 519 149.45 6210.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 539 138.76 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 490 131.03 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 488 132.37 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 491 133.73 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 490 133.08 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 484 132.24 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 479 132.44 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 483 132.29 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 486 132.50 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 492 131.61 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 480 133.75 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 488 131.63 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 492 132.57 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 486 131.98 7574.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 491 129.60 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 466 112.94 7280.00 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 127 0.32 4.10 2 0.43 2.90 7 1.57 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 41 0.28 1.60 0 0.00 0.10 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 32 0.28 0.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 23 0.29 0.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 24 0.30 0.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 89 0.32 2.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 365 0.37 12.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 755 0.48 27.55 0 0.00 0.70 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 752 0.48 27.85 4 0.45 8.40 10 2.01 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 609 0.43 21.80 6 0.60 17.00 20 1.96 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 561 0.41 19.10 13 0.54 41.90 45 2.36 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 546 0.41 18.75 13 0.58 45.00 47 2.30 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 454 0.38 15.55 19 0.61 59.90 57 2.64 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 460 0.39 15.90 18 0.59 57.60 63 2.76 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 648 0.44 22.45 15 0.60 45.30 53 2.47 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 812 0.52 32.10 15 0.58 43.40 55 2.70 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 742 0.47 27.65 13 0.53 39.90 48 2.42 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 780 0.54 29.30 29 0.76 101.80 105 10.96 823.60

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 688 2.73 30.50 25 10.41 169.30 106 31.67 2247.60

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 453 3.76 17.30 18 9.86 147.00 73 37.39 3592.10

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 761 3.18 37.30 18 8.77 98.00 74 32.68 3198.50

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 686 1.14 41.85 12 3.22 94.10 51 19.05 2051.70

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 451 0.39 15.75 12 0.56 41.10 46 6.49 749.20

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 634 0.42 21.20 10 0.60 35.00 41 2.31 0.00

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)


86


Saturday


Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 225 0.34 12.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 139 0.33 7.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 127 0.33 5.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 67 0.33 3.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 45 0.33 1.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 65 0.32 1.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 141 0.34 3.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 309 0.36 7.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 497 0.39 12.05 0 0.17 0.00 2 1.62 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 655 0.43 15.70 6 0.57 0.00 17 2.04 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 878 0.63 17.20 10 0.54 0.00 32 2.14 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 843 0.57 20.95 18 0.57 0.00 64 2.79 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 934 0.83 20.80 22 0.69 0.00 63 3.07 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 887 0.85 25.35 34 1.21 0.00 115 13.24 610.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 831 1.03 26.90 18 2.10 0.00 70 20.42 610.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 908 1.53 25.05 23 3.22 0.00 86 20.91 610.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 960 1.44 25.50 8 2.01 0.00 34 12.24 610.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 814 0.57 35.30 3 0.46 0.00 9 1.99 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 882 0.64 33.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 862 0.60 28.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 796 0.52 34.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 878 0.63 32.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 845 0.59 28.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 886 0.61 25.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 391 0.34 12.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 209 0.34 7.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 142 0.33 5.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 105 0.33 3.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 39 0.32 1.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 45 0.32 1.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 108 0.33 3.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 218 0.34 7.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 352 0.37 12.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 460 0.38 15.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 513 0.40 17.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 603 0.42 20.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 603 0.42 20.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 695 0.46 25.35 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 721 0.47 26.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 692 0.45 25.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 712 0.46 25.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 852 0.55 35.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 820 0.54 33.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 758 0.48 28.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 834 0.54 34.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 821 0.52 32.75 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 747 0.49 28.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 720 0.45 25.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

87

Table 4.43: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 northbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 209 5.42 70.70

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 132 3.63 36.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 149 3.54 33.40

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 326 17.72 254.10

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 483 79.53 1847.90

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 578 186.92 4120.20

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 760 107.02 2614.27

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 791 89.04 3585.80

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 868 111.74 4322.07

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 716 123.50 5114.93

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 713 122.51 5812.97

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 750 125.69 6020.30

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 836 123.29 6773.83

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 774 128.76 8232.40

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 757 135.02 8555.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 728 138.04 8699.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 739 138.21 8699.67

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 717 137.70 8698.83

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 730 135.36 8699.73

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 726 135.90 8699.43

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 729 134.81 8699.93

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 736 134.61 8696.40

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 741 134.39 8473.80

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 716 123.35 7512.80

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Cars

88

Table 4.44: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 northbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 314 16.26 229.10

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 272 35.39 727.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 190 37.41 873.60

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 223 34.13 695.90

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 275 42.05 1005.40

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 465 93.84 2171.80

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 1170 101.38 1751.57

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 853 87.49 3187.17

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 916 104.12 4139.60

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 918 120.62 5705.13

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 791 126.73 7715.97

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 744 135.28 8635.47

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 756 139.60 8698.63

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 726 139.50 8699.87

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 732 138.10 8699.83

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 716 137.03 8699.80

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 739 135.83 8700.03

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 719 135.77 8699.70

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 734 135.19 8699.90

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 726 134.67 8699.80

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 736 133.31 8699.73

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 729 134.43 8697.77

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 731 132.43 8386.17

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 746 125.01 7582.80

Cars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

89

Table 4.45: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 northbound no truck on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 456 38.45 913.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 355 96.03 2340.30

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 257 114.54 3040.40

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 212 107.30 3148.60

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 190 96.77 2981.50

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 238 100.30 2820.30

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 626 52.18 1108.10

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 1028 68.10 1497.57

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1070 89.08 2425.07

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 988 100.18 4994.03

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 931 119.03 6690.37

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 806 137.36 7562.80

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 725 138.94 8172.67

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 738 138.27 8637.80

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 717 137.42 8700.27

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 719 135.92 8699.57

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 739 134.80 8698.87

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 718 134.57 8700.07

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 726 134.15 8700.33

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 721 132.76 8699.13

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 744 132.66 8699.27

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 725 131.88 8699.13

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 737 133.01 8350.23

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 726 123.18 7401.43

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

90

Table 4.46: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 southbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 153 0.29 2.97

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 53 0.29 1.27

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 39 0.28 0.80

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 26 0.26 0.43

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 25 0.27 0.40

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 114 0.29 2.33

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 431 0.33 9.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 864 0.38 18.30

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 858 0.39 18.87

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 694 0.36 15.53

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 643 0.36 14.27

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 625 0.35 13.73

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 528 0.34 11.83

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 531 0.34 11.83

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 738 0.37 16.07

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 912 0.39 19.73

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 828 0.38 18.43

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 864 0.39 19.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 778 0.37 17.13

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 522 0.34 11.60

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 711 0.37 15.53

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 741 0.37 16.23

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 633 0.36 14.10

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 343 0.32 7.73

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

91

Table 4.47: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 southbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 226 0.30 5.30

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 153 0.30 3.50

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 27 0.27 3.33

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 42 0.27 1.93

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 21 0.27 1.27

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 110 0.29 1.67

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 426 0.33 3.87

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 843 0.38 7.60

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1431 0.51 12.47

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 1125 0.42 16.23

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 1057 0.41 21.10

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1113 0.42 20.77

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1612 0.63 23.13

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1394 0.49 22.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1609 0.65 20.77

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1533 0.56 22.27

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1665 0.69 23.40

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1600 0.61 19.90

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1501 0.53 21.73

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1296 0.47 21.20

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1313 0.47 21.73

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1252 0.45 19.80

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 672 0.37 17.77

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 251 0.31 11.07

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

92

Table 4.48: Average delay and queue length for Summer 2035 southbound no truck on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 171 0.29 6.20

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 58 0.28 5.37

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 19 0.28 3.83

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 32 0.28 2.90

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 32 0.29 1.07

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 38 0.28 1.17

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 101 0.29 2.87

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 127 0.29 5.43

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 606 0.35 9.07

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 666 0.36 11.63

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 734 0.37 13.03

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 741 0.37 15.17

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1143 0.42 15.33

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 928 0.39 17.47

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 958 0.40 18.03

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1065 0.42 17.27

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1089 0.42 17.53

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1147 0.43 20.50

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1251 0.45 20.27

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1196 0.44 18.77

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1139 0.43 17.67

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 865 0.39 19.03

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 571 0.35 12.17

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 299 0.31 5.77

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

93

Table 4.49: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound with trucks on weekday

Table 4.50: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound with trucks on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 166 6.91 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 95 7.42 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 122 4.90 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 251 14.34 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 407 54.63 596.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 488 124.66 2322.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 622 158.58 6068.00 63 10.96 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 260 154.72 7573.00 93 16.28 470.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 406 157.51 7573.00 110 28.76 522.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 537 135.91 7573.00 88 41.77 787.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 489 131.12 7572.00 91 45.60 927.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 491 132.86 7573.00 92 52.02 1029.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 488 131.93 7572.00 107 64.42 1617.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 490 132.32 7573.00 111 83.62 2096.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 478 133.01 7572.00 66 85.61 2138.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 484 132.41 7573.00 62 75.70 1884.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 490 132.48 7572.00 83 67.49 1439.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 482 133.20 7573.00 74 64.88 1477.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 485 132.48 7573.00 5 39.77 884.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 489 132.63 7573.00 0 3.07 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 487 132.57 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 480 131.90 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 487 127.97 7433.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 476 109.94 6904.00 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 377 30.40 250.90 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 206 51.59 1217.20 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 173 44.69 1156.50 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 137 30.57 1143.40 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 285 33.08 1394.10 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 428 78.26 2491.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 825 125.53 5444.10 18 4.88 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 407 154.32 8144.30 40 8.14 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 525 133.14 8170.60 54 10.42 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 487 131.23 8170.80 46 10.70 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 490 131.81 8170.70 71 11.74 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 485 132.66 8170.70 79 13.30 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 488 132.09 8170.80 64 12.63 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 491 132.47 8170.80 8 5.76 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 476 131.80 8170.90 0 0.59 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 488 131.62 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 486 132.48 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 484 132.28 8170.20 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 493 132.47 8170.50 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 485 132.96 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 491 131.80 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 488 132.62 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 479 128.86 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 474 112.19 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

94

Table 4.51: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound with trucks on Sunday

Table 4.52: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound with trucks on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 362 27.55 265.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 230 51.17 694.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 158 44.88 559.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 157 32.58 134.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 167 21.77 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 279 27.45 174.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 462 18.77 126.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 1153 69.61 1589.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 726 135.07 6088.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 489 131.50 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 487 133.22 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 491 131.96 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 483 131.89 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 480 132.98 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 489 131.26 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 482 132.48 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 487 132.20 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 488 131.92 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 489 132.62 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 483 131.78 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 483 131.40 7571.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 483 131.23 7573.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 483 128.93 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 479 115.03 7572.00 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 116 0.32 3.90 1 0.36 0 3 1.21 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 62 0.31 2.10 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 40 0.30 1.50 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 23 0.29 0.50 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 27 0.29 0.70 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 128 0.33 4.25 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 402 0.38 13.50 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 976 1.01 67.00 1 0.55 0 1 1.45 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 907 0.83 57.25 5 0.51 1.8 20 2.04 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 778 0.51 32.20 13 0.60 3.6 35 2.16 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 666 0.44 23.85 20 0.64 9.7 73 3.54 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 667 0.45 23.90 18 0.66 7.4 54 3.08 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 732 0.48 27.30 19 0.61 8.3 71 3.20 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 905 0.71 46.75 23 0.63 9.1 78 5.61 42.70

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 734 0.49 29.20 17 0.59 6.8 68 4.63 21.10

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1199 2.67 250.05 22 0.64 8.2 81 7.02 675.80

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1320 8.04 1231.00 28 2.30 15.6 112 21.02 1483.60

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 955 9.06 2240.50 19 13.28 23.7 83 36.66 3241.60

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1025 13.65 2838.40 27 31.63 39.7 108 56.16 5772.10

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1000 8.34 3327.70 18 20.22 27.9 68 46.23 8225.60

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 934 5.59 1536.60 13 7.17 21.2 49 31.06 5367.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1044 2.77 219.15 17 2.53 10.3 59 16.74 1614.30

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 1099 2.17 189.75 16 0.83 8.2 65 8.70 822.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 871 0.91 69.90 9 0.61 3.6 37 3.24 7.90


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

95

Table 4.53: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound with trucks on Saturday

Table 4.54: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound with trucks on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 127 0.32 4.15 0 0.10 0.00 2 0.92 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 61 0.30 2.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 30 0.28 0.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 25 0.29 0.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 23 0.30 0.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 134 0.33 4.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 176 0.34 6.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 352 0.37 12.15 0 0.36 0.00 1 1.62 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 509 0.40 17.15 2 0.62 0.20 4 1.63 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 729 0.47 26.30 5 0.61 1.20 13 2.05 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 760 0.49 28.65 9 0.55 2.90 31 2.09 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 817 0.53 32.50 14 0.60 4.90 48 2.33 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 752 0.49 29.10 23 0.66 10.20 73 3.88 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 771 0.50 30.00 27 0.65 12.20 92 7.54 686.60

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 889 0.66 43.30 18 0.64 7.30 63 7.74 730.40

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 977 1.09 75.20 17 0.63 6.20 64 4.80 30.80

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 899 0.76 52.80 8 0.55 3.00 33 2.61 7.40

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 840 0.54 34.50 2 0.68 0.90 7 1.64 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 930 0.74 49.45 1 0.44 0.10 2 1.36 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 992 1.22 84.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 822 0.65 44.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 925 0.72 48.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 970 1.15 78.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 965 0.96 67.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 301 0.32 9.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 69 0.32 2.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 27 0.29 0.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 29 0.28 0.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 23 0.30 0.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 40 0.30 1.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 91 0.33 2.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 181 0.34 6.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 374 0.38 12.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 583 0.41 19.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 737 0.47 26.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 767 0.48 28.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 820 0.54 33.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 896 0.68 45.15 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 879 0.65 42.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1018 1.27 88.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 967 1.21 86.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1021 1.42 100.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1002 1.54 112.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1020 1.64 120.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1000 1.63 120.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 995 1.44 105.40 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 996 1.44 104.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 999 1.31 94.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

96

Table 4.55: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 169 4.04 41.70

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 97 2.59 12.40

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 124 2.79 15.40

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 257 9.23 124.90

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 443 49.86 1156.70

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 467 126.34 2908.30

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 1053 110.80 2157.50

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 866 91.62 3639.90

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 876 113.46 4400.70

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 774 123.26 5168.87

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 832 120.68 6717.73

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 788 129.36 8293.73

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 748 136.09 8699.67

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 733 138.23 8699.80

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 728 139.53 8699.93

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 723 137.23 8699.70

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 731 135.94 8699.20

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 731 135.26 8699.87

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 728 134.98 8699.93

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 724 134.56 8699.50

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 732 133.67 8699.67

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 743 133.09 8572.10

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 733 132.14 7910.97

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 621 119.66 6763.40

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

97

Table 4.56: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 422 32.22 701.30

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 220 56.54 1592.10

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 193 50.80 1449.30

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 149 38.71 962.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 313 42.97 1003.70

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 419 90.56 2128.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 1059 86.05 1528.30

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 949 93.27 2714.07

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 922 98.12 3858.03

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 976 115.14 5573.73

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 805 129.57 7486.90

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 749 137.61 8450.13

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 722 140.75 8695.53

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 728 137.29 8700.17

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 738 137.61 8700.20

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 719 135.46 8700.33

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 732 134.60 8698.53

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 746 135.67 8699.77

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 718 135.15 8699.63

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 717 132.92 8699.80

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 739 133.79 8699.93

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 742 133.14 8699.33

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 722 133.14 8390.17

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 730 123.85 7506.03

Cars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

98

Table 4.57: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 northbound no truck on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 409 29.75 607.40

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 263 62.25 1647.60

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 197 62.51 1711.90

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 181 54.29 1339.10

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 177 40.43 916.50

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 300 45.96 999.70

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 482 21.57 410.43

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 1171 30.91 845.10

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1299 73.28 2731.23

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 1216 122.34 5287.67

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 764 136.10 7627.53

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 727 138.10 8298.80

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 743 136.00 8384.60

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 735 135.89 8676.33

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 732 134.48 8700.13

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 732 135.01 8699.97

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 714 134.65 8699.73

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 723 133.65 8700.27

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 721 133.76 8699.57

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 733 132.60 8699.43

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 726 132.08 8699.47

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 728 132.53 8700.03

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 746 131.85 8645.47

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 730 128.18 8671.40

Cars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

99

Table 4.58: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 140 0.29 2.87

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 77 0.29 1.70

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 52 0.30 1.13

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 26 0.26 0.43

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 30 0.29 0.57

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 162 0.29 3.23

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 469 0.33 9.70

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 1106 0.42 23.50

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1020 0.41 22.63

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 877 0.39 19.50

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 752 0.37 16.83

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 757 0.37 16.67

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 833 0.38 18.30

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1025 0.41 22.27

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 836 0.38 18.57

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1332 0.47 29.90

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1449 0.51 34.23

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1060 0.41 23.73

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1185 0.43 25.83

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1245 0.45 27.57

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 977 0.41 21.77

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 704 0.37 15.70

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 535 0.34 11.90

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 316 0.32 6.90

Cars

End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

100

Table 4.59: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 153 0.29 2.97

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 76 0.29 1.67

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 37 0.28 0.83

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 33 0.28 0.63

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 23 0.27 0.37

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 173 0.30 3.53

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 221 0.30 4.53

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 419 0.32 8.83

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 595 0.35 12.77

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 824 0.38 17.80

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 859 0.38 18.97

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 913 0.39 19.97

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 860 0.38 18.93

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 871 0.38 19.13

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1011 0.41 22.17

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1102 0.42 24.13

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1002 0.41 22.17

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 932 0.40 20.50

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1048 0.41 22.70

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1108 0.42 24.10

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1081 0.42 23.40

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 887 0.39 19.60

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 746 0.37 16.53

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 566 0.35 12.63

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

101

Table 4.60: Average delay and queue length for Fall 2035 southbound no truck on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 187 0.29 3.83

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 82 0.29 1.93

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 34 0.28 0.73

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 36 0.28 0.77

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 23 0.27 0.37

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 51 0.29 1.10

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 115 0.29 2.43

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 227 0.30 4.60

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 443 0.33 9.43

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 664 0.36 14.43

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 835 0.38 18.07

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 860 0.38 18.90

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 923 0.39 20.17

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1013 0.40 21.97

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1001 0.40 21.90

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1146 0.43 24.80

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1070 0.42 23.60

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1128 0.43 24.83

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1127 0.42 24.70

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1138 0.43 25.07

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1114 0.43 24.50

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1071 0.42 23.53

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 1094 0.42 23.83

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 795 0.38 17.63

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

102


weekday


Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 178 7.78 0 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 101 9.16 598 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 119 5.63 598 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 198 11.13 598 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 290 26.49 726.6 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 336 56.38 1349.4 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 998 106.15 4189.9 81 11.64 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 546 137.39 7725.2 128 28.55 560.55

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 494 131.64 8170.8 106 53.42 1073.64

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 483 131.65 8170.6 110 71.89 1595.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 489 131.92 8170.7 116 89.90 2239.09

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 490 131.69 8170.9 117 110.94 2919.18

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 492 132.76 8170.8 82 121.56 3287.45

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 479 132.46 8170.3 121 132.81 3600.45

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 483 132.14 8170.7 109 153.88 4237.18

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 492 132.68 8170.8 81 158.02 4512.18

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 486 133.34 8170.8 98 161.84 4591.55

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 486 132.53 8170.7 63 147.71 4557.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 484 132.83 8170.5 3 134.89 3605.91

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 489 131.87 8170.6 0 0.00 1902.09

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 480 131.83 8170.9 0 0.00 592.64

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 490 131.09 8169.9 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 474 122.77 7774 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 445 99.59 6737.3 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 315 20.60 69.20 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 210 35.14 961.20 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 175 29.97 808.50 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 156 20.46 613.80 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 268 24.00 666.20 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 400 61.59 1428.20 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 910 114.60 4506.10 11 4.28 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 512 144.57 7959.40 31 6.33 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 491 132.07 8170.90 57 10.19 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 483 131.14 8170.50 66 11.33 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 496 132.72 8170.60 75 12.24 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 488 132.74 8170.80 75 13.02 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 482 131.46 8170.50 47 11.54 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 480 131.66 8170.40 8 5.46 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 484 130.83 8170.60 0 0.45 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 499 132.90 8171.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 482 134.66 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 477 133.18 8170.90 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 488 132.22 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 491 130.96 8170.90 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 484 131.57 8170.50 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 491 131.38 8170.10 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 480 131.78 8170.60 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 475 115.65 8170.50 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

103

Table 4.63: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 northbound with trucks on Sunday


weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 218 10.75 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 154 15.99 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 147 15.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 56 8.71 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 22 1.96 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 46 2.24 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 108 3.22 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 204 7.39 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 422 14.70 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 597 23.08 674.80 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 727 47.46 1604.60 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 745 82.76 3227.70 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 781 121.96 5026.60 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 518 133.86 7256.50 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 487 132.00 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 489 131.52 8170.60 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 491 132.86 8170.50 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 484 133.80 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 485 133.29 8170.50 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 477 133.63 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 487 132.03 8170.80 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 485 128.68 8170.70 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 479 120.35 7941.30 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 435 99.60 6817.10 0 0.00 0.00

TrucksCars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 86 0.31 2.65 1 0.36 0.00 3 1.21 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 43 0.29 1.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 29 0.28 0.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 11 0.27 0.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 17 0.28 0.50 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 66 0.32 2.05 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 276 0.35 9.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 568 0.41 19.05 1 0.30 0.10 2 1.63 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 520 0.40 17.90 4 0.49 1.00 12 1.98 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 406 0.37 14.00 5 0.56 1.30 17 1.93 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 498 0.40 16.75 9 0.58 2.70 28 2.08 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 438 0.38 15.15 11 0.54 4.20 40 2.17 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 433 0.38 14.95 17 0.64 5.90 52 2.43 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 357 0.37 12.45 12 0.58 5.00 41 2.18 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 339 0.37 11.85 9 0.58 2.90 30 2.15 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 252 0.35 9.10 8 0.65 2.40 31 2.01 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 381 0.37 12.90 15 0.60 5.00 50 2.53 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 607 0.42 20.10 20 0.59 7.60 72 3.69 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 383 0.37 13.40 22 0.63 9.50 87 7.06 632.60

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 601 0.42 20.50 15 0.59 5.70 62 5.85 643.30

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 591 0.41 20.20 8 0.60 2.70 37 2.20 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 383 0.37 13.50 9 0.60 3.10 34 2.02 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 592 0.41 20.25 7 0.56 2.50 30 1.95 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 564 0.40 19.15 5 0.69 1.90 21 1.95 0.00


Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

104


Saturday

Table 4.66: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 southbound with trucks on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 220 0.34 9.60 1 0.39 0.00 4 1.31 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 128 0.32 4.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 107 0.32 4.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 66 0.33 1.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 31 0.30 0.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 65 0.33 1.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 115 0.33 2.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 260 0.35 5.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 477 0.39 11.60 1 0.32 0.00 3 1.83 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 703 0.45 16.60 4 0.57 0.00 13 2.14 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 910 0.71 21.10 8 0.58 0.00 26 2.04 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 890 0.71 22.35 11 0.55 0.00 40 2.32 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 910 0.73 24.00 15 0.58 0.00 53 2.44 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 950 0.95 28.80 22 0.64 0.00 65 3.06 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1060 1.66 41.25 17 0.60 0.00 70 3.37 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1061 1.92 47.45 17 0.54 0.00 57 3.10 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 954 1.13 36.20 7 0.67 0.00 23 2.11 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 872 0.64 53.55 2 0.51 0.00 6 1.70 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1209 2.87 101.55 0 0.20 0.00 2 1.71 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 848 1.24 67.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 852 0.56 53.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1198 2.64 104.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 831 1.08 64.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 745 0.47 26.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


End time (hr)

Start time

(hr)

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 308 0.32 9.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 129 0.32 4.70 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 125 0.33 4.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 44 0.33 1.65 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 23 0.30 0.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 40 0.31 1.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 93 0.33 2.90 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 166 0.34 5.85 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 336 0.37 11.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 497 0.39 16.60 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 618 0.42 21.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 643 0.43 22.35 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 670 0.44 24.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 760 0.49 28.80 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 875 0.63 41.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 920 0.71 47.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 839 0.56 36.20 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 939 0.80 53.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1037 1.42 101.55 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 907 0.93 67.30 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 920 0.79 53.10 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 1028 1.46 104.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 887 0.91 64.95 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 718 0.46 26.25 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


105

Table 4.67: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 northbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 181 4.39 48.80

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 104 2.75 17.30

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 122 2.76 15.00

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 201 5.28 67.50

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 312 17.38 249.90

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 361 52.18 1279.80

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 1105 52.10 1139.43

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 1107 78.89 2267.13

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1039 99.85 4110.70

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 938 120.43 5603.60

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 840 136.19 6918.20

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 746 139.06 7829.10

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 742 139.12 8383.07

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 708 137.68 8663.67

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 721 136.84 8699.80

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 729 132.72 8699.77

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 736 133.88 8699.87

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 728 134.98 8698.97

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 719 134.67 8699.03

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 728 132.49 8698.97

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 729 134.12 8699.23

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 730 131.74 8367.27

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 702 125.98 7323.90

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 411 116.76 5664.00

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

106

Table 4.68: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 northbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 332 18.51 276.40

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 232 34.58 714.90

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 187 30.74 597.40

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 161 18.56 288.40

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 286 19.09 297.20

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 418 59.67 1421.20

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 1083 63.84 1265.07

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 998 82.74 2184.20

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1099 99.52 3860.83

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 939 119.33 6577.47

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 810 138.23 7820.17

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 736 139.93 8588.67

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 720 138.20 8700.07

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 730 138.40 8699.90

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 720 135.86 8700.20

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 729 133.71 8700.07

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 723 134.41 8699.90

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 745 133.80 8700.17

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 710 134.18 8698.93

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 734 134.07 8696.10

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 729 132.17 8698.63

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 726 133.09 8698.17

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 737 132.89 8675.90

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 728 129.44 8595.97

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

107

Table 4.69: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 northbound no truck on Sunday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 417 31.04 655.30

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 195 50.18 1429.70

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 184 42.32 1099.50

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 136 26.53 510.00

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 167 9.55 140.70

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 261 11.16 158.90

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 561 5.37 101.07

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 855 9.68 160.93

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 1108 29.77 681.90

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 1031 56.76 1948.10

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 1012 80.02 3213.43

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1115 109.36 4587.10

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 924 133.17 6137.20

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 721 135.30 7791.23

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 719 133.08 8629.00

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 749 133.53 8700.40

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 726 134.75 8699.57

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 718 133.28 8700.43

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 720 133.13 8699.73

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 737 133.31 8699.53

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 714 133.44 8696.90

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 728 132.10 8575.40

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 735 130.16 7923.53

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 596 118.43 6667.40

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

108

Table 4.70: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 southbound no truck on weekday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 107 0.28 2.23

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 55 0.29 1.17

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 34 0.28 0.80

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 15 0.28 0.33

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 19 0.27 0.33

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 82 0.28 1.73

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 329 0.31 6.77

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 652 0.35 14.07

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 606 0.35 13.57

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 472 0.34 10.20

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 570 0.34 12.60

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 505 0.34 11.10

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 508 0.34 11.17

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 427 0.32 9.40

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 404 0.32 8.77

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 304 0.31 6.67

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 438 0.33 9.50

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 677 0.36 14.73

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 444 0.33 10.00

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 683 0.37 14.70

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 640 0.36 14.13

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 502 0.34 11.10

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 367 0.32 7.93

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 232 0.30 5.00

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

109

Table 4.71: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 southbound no truck on Saturday

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 261 0.31 5.33

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 159 0.30 3.47

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 131 0.29 2.77

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 88 0.29 1.87

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 37 0.29 0.83

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 83 0.29 1.70

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 148 0.29 3.00

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 315 0.31 6.37

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 558 0.34 12.07

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 795 0.38 17.43

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 1023 0.41 22.30

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 994 0.40 21.73

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 1028 0.41 22.70

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 1081 0.41 23.63

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1195 0.44 26.17

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1191 0.44 26.53

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1053 0.41 23.47

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 963 0.40 21.23

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1339 0.47 29.77

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 947 0.40 21.13

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 835 0.38 18.30

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 824 0.38 18.03

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 667 0.37 14.80

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 449 0.33 10.00

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

110

Table 4.72: Average delay and queue length for Winter 2035 southbound no truck on Sunday

Comparing the hourly distribution of average volume, average delay and average queue

length in the northbound traffic between 2010 (base line) and 2035 (with trucks) season by

season and day by day (for examples, Tables 4.1 versus 4.25, Tables 4.2 versus 4.26, and etc). It

is noticed that:

Although the forecasted daily volume of non-commercial vehicles has increased from 2010

to 2035, the hourly distributions are different. It appears that there are more vehicles in 2035

than in 2010 crossing the BOTA in early mornings and late evenings.

The early arrivals of these non-commercial vehicles cause queue to build up early in the

morning, thereby lead to an increase in average delay and average queue length compared to

non-commercial vehicles in 2010.

Volume

(veh)

Ave delay

(minutes)

Ave queue

length (ft)

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 196 0.30 4.07

1:00 AM 2:00 AM 157 0.30 3.27

2:00 AM 3:00 AM 153 0.29 3.27

3:00 AM 4:00 AM 58 0.29 1.30

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 25 0.27 0.47

5:00 AM 6:00 AM 50 0.30 1.07

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 117 0.29 2.43

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 212 0.29 4.40

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 406 0.33 8.43

9:00 AM 10:00 AM 575 0.35 12.43

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 701 0.36 15.30

11:00 AM 12:00 PM 727 0.37 16.10

12:00 PM 1:00 AM 760 0.37 16.97

1:00 PM 2:00 PM 862 0.38 18.80

2:00 PM 3:00 PM 1002 0.40 21.70

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 1039 0.41 22.60

4:00 PM 5:00 PM 931 0.40 20.60

5:00 PM 6:00 PM 1046 0.42 22.83

6:00 PM 7:00 PM 1168 0.43 25.40

7:00 PM 8:00 PM 1016 0.41 22.27

8:00 PM 9:00 PM 806 0.38 18.10

9:00 PM 10:00 PM 620 0.36 13.73

10:00 PM 11:00 PM 414 0.33 9.03

11:00 PM 12:00 AM 220 0.31 4.83

Cars

Start time

(hr) End time (hr)

111

For commercial vehicles, the average delay and average queue length are lower in 2035 than

those in 2010 scenarios. This is because fewer commercial vehicles have been forecasted to

use BOTA in 2035.

Comparing the northbound scenarios with and without commercial vehicles season by season

and day by day in 2035 (for examples Tables 4.25 versus 4.31, Tables 4.49 versus 4.55, and etc),

it is noticed that after converting the commercial inspection lanes for use by non-commercial

vehicles, the non-commercial vehicle throughput has increased. However, because the demand

still exceeds the capacity of inspection, the average delay and average queue length remain

similar.

The change in hourly distributions of average volume, average delay and average queue

length may be compared by inspecting the tables for the southbound direction, for the same

season, same day between 2010 and 2035 in the no build scenario (i.e., with trucks). The trends

can be detected by comparing Tables 4.4 with 4.28, Tables 4.10 with 4.40, and etc. There is a

projected increase in average volume for non-commercial vehicles, particularly in the afternoon

peak hours from 4:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. During these hours, the average delay and queue length

for non-commercial vehicles increase significantly from 2010 to 2035. However, the average

volume, average delay and average queue length of empty and loaded trucks increase only

slightly. In 2035, after the southbound empty and loaded commercial lanes have been converted

for use by non-commercial vehicles, there is an increase in the number of non-commercial

vehicles passing BOTA inspection. The increase in inspection capacity also leads to a reduction

in average delay and queue length for non-commercial vehicles.

112

4.2 Pollutant Emissions: MOBILE6 Results

Vehicle counts obtained from VISSIM were used to estimate emissions using the

emission factors generated from the MOBILE6 runs. Although vehicle counts were available for

four seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter), two files were used in the MOBILE6 runs, one

to represent Spring/Summer conditions and a second one to simulate Fall/Winter conditions

because data for temperature averages and fuel RVP only differentiated between two seasons

(see Section 3.2.2). However, the emission factors from each of the two files were used twice, to

account for the vehicle counts in all four seasons. Emission factors were combined with the

vehicle counts to estimate emissions for weekdays, since weekdays usually displayed the

heaviest traffic in terms of commercial vehicles, this was considered as the worst case scenario in

terms of air quality as compared to weekends. Vehicle counts from Tables 4.1-4.24 were used to

estimate emissions for the 2010 baseline scenario and vehicle counts from Tables 4.25-4.72 were

used to calculate the traffic for each of the future scenarios. The traffic estimates for each

scenario were used in conjunction with the emission factors to yield an emission estimate. Table

4.73 below shows annual total emissions for each of the contaminants of interest in this study.

Table 4.73: Annual weekday emissions estimated by MOBILE6 at BOTA (g/sec)

Baseline Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4

VOC 36.36 16.96 19.32 16.84 19.20

CO 620.15 472.39 554.69 481.65 563.94

NOx 91.00 24.80 28.64 25.18 29.02

PM2.5 1.98 0.87 0.99 0.86 0.98

The Baseline scenario shows the highest emissions and it is important to remember that

Baseline is modeling conditions in 2010 and Scenarios 1-4 are modeling conditions for the year

2035, when vehicles are expected to be more efficient, hence even if traffic increases, emissions

could decrease, which is what is happening in this situation. Scenario 1 shows the lowest

113

concentrations for VOC, CO, and NOx while Scenario 3 shows the lowest emissions for PM2.5.

Under Scenario 1, as previously mentioned the “no action” scenario, the POE would continue to

be used for both commercial and passenger vehicles while under Scenario 3 the south

commercial vehicles would be shifted to the Zaragoza POE and in its place, inspection lanes for

passenger vehicles would be added.

4.2 Pollutant Concentrations: Baseline scenario

Baseline scenario models current conditions at the BOTA port of entry (calendar year

2010). It was generated utilizing actual traffic counts from the monitoring stage undertaken in

the year 2010 for a typical weekday throughout the 4 seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, and

Winter). Results of air quality impact to specific receptors in terms of exposure concentrations

for 4 major pollutants, as modeled by AERMOD, are shown below in Tables 4.74-4.77. The

figures in these tables represent the contribution of pollutant emissions at the BOTA to the

ambient air concentrations at the locations of interest.

As expected, receptors located near the sources, such as EPWU, USCBP, MXCBP, and

Zavala ES received the highest pollutant concentrations. The exposure concentrations rapidly

decreased from the POE to the TCEQ air monitoring stations. Tables 4.74 through 4.79 show

that the highest 1-hr average concentrations observed at EPWU are roughly 10-fold higher than

those observed at CAMS 41.

114

Table 4.74: VOC baseline concentrations in µg/m3

Annual Average Hight. Month Ave.1

Hight. 24-hr Ave.2

Hight. 1-hr Ave.3

CAMS 12 0.03 0.06 0.44 7.56

CAMS 37 0.01 0.03 0.37 7.36

CAMS 41 1.57 2.80 7.96 50.76

CAMS 49 0.00 0.01 0.11 2.09

CAMS 72 0.00 0.01 0.18 4.27

EPWU Sta. 44.57 69.88 119.65 571.16

USCBP 22.00 39.00 85.00 420.00

MXCBP 27.00 40.00 88.00 400.00

Zavala ES 0.30 0.70 5.00 85.00

Father Yermo S 0.15 0.20 2.00 22.00

Bowie HS 0.70 1.50 4.00 33.00

El Paso Zoo 0.20 0.30 3.00 27.00 1 1st highest monthly average concentration 21st highest 24-hr. average concentration 3 1st highest 1-hr. average concentration

Table 4.75: CO baseline concentrations in ppm

Annual Average Hight. Month Ave. Hight. 24-hr Ave. Hight. 1-hr Ave.

CAMS 12 0.000 0.001 0.007 0.124

CAMS 37 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.120

CAMS 41 0.024 0.044 0.124 0.826

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.031

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.069

EPWU Sta. 0.670 1.080 1.850 9.292

USCBP 0.350 0.600 1.300 7.000

MXCBP 0.400 0.650 1.400 6.500

Zavala ES 0.010 0.010 0.090 2.000

Father Yermo S 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.300

Bowie HS 0.010 0.020 0.060 0.500

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.010 0.030 0.400

115

Table 4.76: NOx baseline concentrations in ppb


CAMS 12 0.04 0.08 0.65 10.72

CAMS 37 0.02 0.04 0.51 11.00

CAMS 41 2.26 4.22 12.59 81.39

CAMS 49 0.00 0.02 0.20 3.58

CAMS 72 0.01 0.02 0.29 6.85

EPWU Sta. 67.09 108.55 183.51 915.88

USCBP 30.00 58.00 130.00 670.00

MXCBP 40.00 65.00 125.00 600.00

Zavala ES 0.50 1.00 8.00 110.00

Father Yermo S 0.20 0.30 3.00 35.00

Bowie HS 1.00 2.00 6.00 50.00

El Paso Zoo 0.30 0.50 2.00 45.00

Table 4.77: PM2.5 baseline concentrations in µg/m3

Annual Average 8th

24-hr Ave.*

CAMS 12 0.001 0.013

CAMS 37 0.001 0.006

CAMS 41 0.074 0.297

CAMS 49 0.000 0.001

CAMS 72 0.000 0.002

EPWU Sta. 2.255 4.824

USCBP 2.222 4.942

MXCBP 2.514 5.349

Zavala ES 0.015 0.104

Father Yermo S 0.006 0.042

Bowie HS 0.031 0.144

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.057

* Corresponding to the 98th percentile value of a 1-yr PM2.5 record

Impacts of the BOTA baseline emissions to the community were further assessed in terms of

percentage of the ambient concentrations contributed by comparing the predicted concentrations

(Tables 4.74-4.77) to those recorded by TCEQ at CAMS 12, 37, and 41. The results are shown in

Tables 4.78-4.80.

116

Table 4.78a: NOx AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ levels

Annual Hight. Month Ave.

CAMS AERMOD (ppb) TCEQ (ppb) BOTA contr. (%) AERMOD (ppb) TCEQ (ppb) BOTA contr. (%)

12 0.04 23.0 0.17% 0.078 4 1.94%

37 0.019 33.3 0.06% 0.042 N/A N/A

41 2.258 29.1 7.76% 4.224 N/A N/A

Table 4.78b: NOx AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ levels

Hight. 24-hr Ave. Hight. 1-hr Ave.


12 0.645 N/A N/A 10.718 21.1 50.79%

37 0.508 18.1 2.81% 11.005 302.3 3.64%

41 12.589 20.2 62.32% 81.389 89.4 91.04%

Table 4.79a: CO AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ measured levels

Annual Hight. Month Ave.


12 0.0004 0.20 0.22% 0.001 0 0.00%

37 0.0002 0.20 0.10% 0.000 0 0.00%

41 0.0238 0.20 11.92% 0.044 0.3 14.61%

Table 4.79b: CO AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ measured levels

Hight. 24-hr Ave. Hight. 1-hr Ave.


12 0.007 0 0.00% 0.12366 0 0.00%

37 0.006 0 0.00% 0.12041 N/A N/A

41 0.124 0.1 124.04% 0.82574 0.6 137.62%

Table 4.80: PM2.5 AERMOD baseline concentrations compared to TCEQ measured levels

Annual 8th. 24-hr Ave.


12 0.0013 8.49 0.02% 0.013 17.69 0.07%

37 0.0006 11.05 0.01% 0.006 13.8 0.05%

41 0.0741 7.52 0.99% 0.297 13.49 2.20%

As can be seen from Tables 4.78-4.80, some information was missing from the TCEQ data base

due to various reasons (lost data, station maintaneance, among others) and, as a result, the cells

were filled with N/A (not available). However, from the cases where we did have available data,

117

we can see the influence that the BOTA POE has on the measured levels. Table 4.78a shows the

average annual concentration and the first highest monthly average concentration for nitrogen

oxides and we can see that up to 7.8% of the levels measured by the closest station to BOTA

(CAMS 41) come from the BOTA (average annual concentration). As the averaging time period

becomes shorter, the contribution from the POE to the measured levels increases, having a 91%

influence on CAMS41 measured levels (first highest 1-hr. average concentration). The same

pattern can be seen with CO and PM2.5 (Tables 4.79a-4.80) the influence of BOTA increased on

the TCEQ measured levels as the time period became shorter. However, Table 4.79b shows that

the BOTA emissions could have resulted in significantly higher pollutant concentrations than

those that were measured at the station for the highest 24-hr. and 1-hr. average concentrations.

This overprediction is understandable because the use of emission estimates from the BOTA and

the meteorology recorded at CAM S 41 may not represent the actual emissions and meteorology

at BOTA. Nevertheless, it is indicative that the air quality impact from the BOTA emissions is

more pronounced at short distance and for a shorter time duration.

4.3 Pollutant Concentrations by Scenario

4.3.1 Scenario 1

In the following sections (Sections 4.3.1-4.3.4) the different traffic mitigation scenarios

that were considered under this project including a “no action” scenario are assessed with respect

to the air quality impact. Scenarios 2, 3, and 4 are a reflection of actual mitigation strategies

being considered by agencies such as the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) in El Paso.

As previously mentioned, for all the scenarios, future traffic conditions and emissions were

modeled based on the calendar year 2035.

118

Scenario 1, also known as the “no action” scenario consists of leaving traffic and

inspection plans for both northbound and southbound routes in their current state, without any

changes in inspection or in the traffic pattern crossing the BOTA. Both commercial and

passenger vehicles would continue crossing as they currently are with the same number of

inspection booths and the same operating hours. Tables 4.81-4.84 show the pollutant

concentrations predicted under this type of situation for several discrete receptors that were

previously chosen. CAMS 12, 37, 49, and 72 show relatively low concentrations approaching to

zero, especially as the exposure time increased, because of their distance from the bridge,

whereas the rest of the receptors (CAMS 41, EPWU station, USCBP, MXCBP, Father Yermo

School, Zavala Elementary School, and Bowie High School) are all very close to BOTA, within

a 1-mile radius. This is true across all types of scenarios.

Table 4.81: VOC Scenario 1 concentrations in µg/m3

Annual Average Hight. Month Ave. Hight. 24-hr Ave.

CAMS 12 0.02 0.03 0.16

CAMS

37 0.01 0.01 0.15

CAMS 41 0.82 1.30 3.85

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.04

CAMS 72 0.00 0.00 0.08

EPWU Sta. 22.34 33.01 62.01

USCBP 11.11 17.75 38.00

MXCBP 13.50 19.50 37.50

Zavala ES 0.20 0.29 2.00

Father Yermo S 0.08 0.09 0.65

Bowie HS 0.37 0.60 2.00

El Paso Zoo 0.10 0.15 0.80

119

Table 4.82: CO Scenario 1 concentrations in ppm


CAMS 12 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.084

CAMS 37 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.082

CAMS 41 0.020 0.034 0.100 0.527

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.022

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.042

EPWU Sta. 0.540 0.841 1.577 6.122

USCBP 0.270 0.450 0.930 4.200

MXCBP 0.320 0.480 0.950 3.700

Zavala ES 0.005 0.010 0.050 0.800

Father Yermo S 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.250

Bowie HS 0.015 0.020 0.050 0.350

El Paso Zoo 0.005 0.005 0.020 0.300

Table 4.83: NOx Scenario 1 concentrations in ppb


CAMS 12 0.01 0.02 0.14 2.72

CAMS 37 0.01 0.01 0.12 2.65

CAMS 41 0.74 1.10 3.22 18.21

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.67

CAMS 72 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.45

EPWU Sta. 20.21 28.07 52.55 235.11

USCBP 10.00 15.00 32.00 175.00

MXCBP 12.00 16.50 32.00 150.00

Zavala ES 0.14 0.25 1.80 25.00

Father Yermo S 0.06 0.08 0.40 9.00

Bowie HS 0.32 0.50 1.50 12.00

El Paso Zoo 0.09 0.15 0.70 11.00

120

Table 4.84: PM2.5 Scenario 1 concentrations in µg/m3

Annual Average 8th 24-hr Ave.

CAMS 12 0.001 0.006

CAMS 37 0.000 0.003

CAMS 41 0.041 0.127

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000

CAMS 72 0.000 0.001

EPWU Sta. 1.133 2.341

USCBP 0.600 1.300

MXCBP 0.700 1.500

Zavala ES 0.010 0.070


Bowie HS 0.030 0.070

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.040

4.3.2 Scenario 2

Scenario 2 consists of shifting all the northbound commercial vehicles to the Zaragoza

POE. The existing facility for the northbound commercial vehicle in the U.S. would be converted

to non-commercial lanes. The southbound inspection facilities would remain unchanged, as they

were modeled in Scenario 1. Tables 4.85-4.88 shows pollutant concentrations obtained in this

type of situation.



CAMS 12 0.02 0.03 0.21

CAMS 37 0.01 0.02 0.18

CAMS 41 0.96 1.49 4.37

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.05

CAMS 72 0.00 0.01 0.10

EPWU Sta. 25.88 37.83 69.04

USCBP 12.00 20.00 45.00

MXCBP 16.00 22.50 50.00

Zavala ES 0.23 0.30 2.50


Bowie HS 0.40 0.70 2.50

El Paso Zoo 0.13 0.20 1.00

121



CAMS 12 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.099

CAMS 37 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.096

CAMS 41 0.024 0.040 0.118 0.665

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.025

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.056

EPWU Sta. 0.640 1.011 1.828 7.480

USCBP 0.300 0.400 1.200 5.500

MXCBP 0.350 0.600 1.300 5.000

Zavala ES 0.010 0.010 0.080 1.000

Father Yermo S 0.010 0.010 0.030 0.200

Bowie HS 0.010 0.020 0.060 0.400

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.010 0.040 0.300



CAMS 12 0.02 0.03 0.19 3.17

CAMS 37 0.01 0.01 0.15 3.06

CAMS 41 0.86 1.32 3.85 21.34

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.83

CAMS 72 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.80

EPWU Sta. 23.48 32.20 58.89 271.35

USCBP 12.00 17.00 39.00 190.00

MXCBP 14.00 19.00 42.00 175.00

Zavala ES 0.30 0.30 2.50 35.00

Father Yermo S 0.07 0.10 0.60 9.00

Bowie HS 0.30 0.60 2.00 14.00

El Paso Zoo 0.10 0.20 0.80 14.00

122


Annual Average 8th

24-hr Ave.

CAMS 12 0.001 0.007

CAMS 37 0.000 0.004

CAMS 41 0.048 0.150

CAMS 49 0.000 0.001

CAMS 72 0.000 0.002

EPWU Sta. 1.292 2.676

USCBP 0.700 1.500

MXCBP 0.750 1.750

Zavala ES 0.010 0.080


Bowie HS 0.030 0.080

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.040

4.3.3 Scenario 3

Scenario 3 consists of shifting all the southbound comercial vehicles (both loaded and

empty) to the Zaragoza POE. The existing facility for the southbound commercial vehicles

inspection in México would be converted to non-commercial lanes and the northbound

inspection facilities would remain unchanged. Tables 4.89-4.92 shows pollutant concentrations

obtained under this type of scenario.



CAMS 12 0.01 0.02 0.17

CAMS 37 0.01 0.01 0.15

CAMS 41 0.78 1.27 3.89

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.04

CAMS 72 0.00 0.00 0.07

EPWU Sta. 21.62 31.18 55.68

USCBP 21.02 29.35 49.08

MXCBP 23.79 33.02 59.20

Zavala ES 0.14 0.29 1.98


Bowie HS 0.34 0.57 1.85

El Paso Zoo 0.09 0.14 0.79

123



CAMS 12 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.096

CAMS 37 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.094

CAMS 41 0.019 0.033 0.102 0.591

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.022

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.046

EPWU Sta. 0.532 0.808 1.470 6.191

USCBP 0.250 0.400 1.000 4.500

MXCBP 0.300 0.400 0.800 4.000

Zavala ES 0.010 0.010 0.050 0.800

Father Yermo S 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.250

Bowie HS 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.300

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.010 0.030 0.300



CAMS 12 0.01 0.02 0.15 2.96

CAMS 37 0.01 0.01 0.13 2.88

CAMS 41 0.70 1.09 3.38 18.21

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.68

CAMS 72 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.48

EPWU Sta. 19.69 26.42 48.11 261.60

USCBP 10.00 14.00 33.00 215.00

MXCBP 12.00 16.00 35.00 240.00

Zavala ES 0.15 0.25 2.00 30.00

Father Yermo S 0.04 0.09 0.50 8.00

Bowie HS 0.30 0.50 2.00 12.00

El Paso Zoo 0.09 0.15 0.80 10.00

124


Annual Average 8th

24-hr Ave.

CAMS 12 0.001 0.005

CAMS 37 0.000 0.003

CAMS 41 0.040 0.124

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000

CAMS 72 0.000 0.001

EPWU Sta. 1.109 2.334

USCBP 1.077 2.204

MXCBP 1.220 2.424

Zavala ES 0.007 0.059


Bowie HS 0.017 0.064

El Paso Zoo 0.005 0.026

4.3.4 Scenario 4

Scenario 4 consists of shifting both northbound and southbound commercial vehicles

from BOTA to the Zaragoza POE, leaving passenger vehicles only. When BOTA was designed

and built, it was intended to serve passenger vehicles exclusively, so Scenario 4 would be

modeling the original plan for which BOTA was intended. Tables 4.93-4.96 shows pollutant

concentrations obtained under this type of scenario.



CAMS 12 0.02 0.03 0.22 3.99

CAMS 37 0.01 0.01 0.18 3.89

CAMS 41 0.92 1.46 4.48 25.32

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.94

CAMS 72 0.00 0.01 0.09 2.13

EPWU Sta. 25.13 35.91 63.44 284.98

USCBP 24.40 34.38 56.69 311.60

MXCBP 27.62 38.65 67.25 341.46

Zavala ES 0.17 0.34 2.50 39.23

Father Yermo S 0.07 0.10 0.66 11.55

Bowie HS 0.39 0.65 2.18 16.39

El Paso Zoo 0.11 0.16 0.97 13.87

125



CAMS 12 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.107

CAMS 37 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.104

CAMS 41 0.023 0.040 0.125 0.690

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.026

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.057

EPWU Sta. 0.630 0.980 1.690 7.908

USCBP 0.613 0.929 1.531 8.323

MXCBP 0.693 1.045 1.793 9.563

Zavala ES 0.004 0.009 0.070 1.099

Father Yermo S 0.002 0.003 0.017 0.328

Bowie HS 0.010 0.018 0.060 0.459

El Paso Zoo 0.003 0.004 0.025 0.393



CAMS 12 0.01 0.02 0.20 3.42

CAMS 37 0.01 0.01 0.15 3.32

CAMS 41 0.83 1.29 3.95 23.08

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.78

CAMS 72 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.94

EPWU Sta. 22.97 31.06 54.28 287.60

USCBP 22.33 29.22 51.41 299.63

MXCBP 25.29 32.81 57.51 312.32

Zavala ES 0.15 0.30 2.26 35.87

Father Yermo S 0.06 0.09 0.51 10.49

Bowie HS 0.35 0.57 1.92 14.99

El Paso Zoo 0.10 0.16 0.77 12.59

126


Annual Average 8th

24-hr Ave.

CAMS 12 0.001 0.006

CAMS 37 0.000 0.004

CAMS 41 0.046 0.145

CAMS 49 0.000 0.001

CAMS 72 0.000 0.002

EPWU Sta. 1.254 2.655

USCBP 1.217 2.456

MXCBP 1.378 2.799

Zavala ES 0.008 0.067


Bowie HS 0.020 0.073

El Paso Zoo 0.005 0.031

4.4 Pollutant Concentrations by Contaminant

Traffic counts are expected to increase at the BOTA POE for the year 2035 as can be

seen from Table 4.97. However, pollutant concentrations decreased for all averaging periods as

can be seen from Tables 4.98-4.111. It was expected that Scenario 4 would result in the lowest

pollutant concentrations since this scenario did not include any commercial traffic at the POE.

However, looking at the EPWU sta. concentrations, which we could assume is representative of

the concentrations at the midpoint of BOTA due to its location, this was not the case and it was

Scenario 3, which shifted the southbound commercial vehicles to the Zaragoza POE, that

resulted in the lowest concentrations for all pollutants, for all averaging periods.

Table 4.97: Weekday average BOTA POE vehicle totals for all scenarios

Passenger

Vehicles

Commercial

Vehicles

NB SB NB SB

Baseline 9579 11508 1327 974

Scenario 1 10299 14367 998 934

Scenario 2 15555 14367 0 934

Scenario 3 10299 15595 998 0

Scenario 4 15555 15595 0 0

127

4.4.1 VOC

Table 4.98: VOC annual concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)


CAMS 12 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02

CAMS 37 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

CAMS 41 1.57 0.82 0.96 0.78 0.92

CAMS 49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CAMS 72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

EPWU Sta. 44.57 22.34 25.88 21.62 25.13

USCBP 22.00 11.11 12.00 21.02 24.40

MXCBP 27.00 13.50 16.00 23.79 27.62

Zavala ES 0.30 0.20 0.23 0.14 0.17

Father Yermo S 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07

Bowie HS 0.70 0.37 0.40 0.34 0.39

El Paso Zoo 0.20 0.10 0.13 0.09 0.11

Table 4.99: VOC highest monthly average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)


CAMS 12 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03

CAMS 37 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01

CAMS 41 2.80 1.30 1.49 1.27 1.46

CAMS 49 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CAMS 72 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

EPWU Sta. 69.88 33.01 37.83 31.18 35.91

USCBP 39.00 17.75 20.00 29.35 34.38

MXCBP 40.00 19.50 22.50 33.02 38.65

Zavala ES 0.70 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.34

Father Yermo S 0.20 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10

Bowie HS 1.50 0.60 0.70 0.57 0.65

El Paso Zoo 0.30 0.15 0.20 0.14 0.16

128

Table 4.100: VOC highest 24-hr average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)


CAMS 12 0.44 0.16 0.21 0.17 0.22

CAMS 37 0.37 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.18

CAMS 41 7.96 3.85 4.37 3.89 4.48

CAMS 49 0.11 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05

CAMS 72 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.09

EPWU Sta. 119.65 62.01 69.04 55.68 63.44

USCBP 85.00 38.00 45.00 49.08 56.69

MXCBP 88.00 37.50 50.00 59.20 67.25

Zavala ES 5.00 2.00 2.50 1.98 2.50

Father Yermo S 2.00 0.65 0.60 0.54 0.66

Bowie HS 4.00 2.00 2.50 1.85 2.18

El Paso Zoo 3.00 0.80 1.00 0.79 0.97

Table 4.101: VOC highest 1-hr average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)


CAMS 12 7.56 3.32 3.78 3.50 3.99

CAMS 37 7.36 3.23 3.68 3.41 3.89

CAMS 41 50.76 20.72 25.07 21.54 25.32

CAMS 49 2.09 0.83 0.95 0.83 0.94

CAMS 72 4.27 1.66 2.02 1.76 2.13

EPWU Sta. 571.16 246.31 291.44 235.38 284.98

USCBP 420.00 165.00 200.00 273.44 311.60

MXCBP 400.00 150.00 180.00 280.38 341.46

Zavala ES 85.00 29.00 40.00 30.60 39.23

Father Yermo S 22.00 9.70 12.00 9.51 11.55

Bowie HS 33.00 13.25 16.00 12.79 16.39

El Paso Zoo 27.00 11.50 14.00 11.41 13.87

129

4.4.2 CO

Table 4.102: CO annual average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm)


CAMS 12 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CAMS 37 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CAMS 41 0.024 0.020 0.024 0.019 0.023

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

EPWU Sta. 0.670 0.540 0.640 0.532 0.630

USCBP 0.350 0.270 0.300 0.250 0.613

MXCBP 0.400 0.320 0.350 0.300 0.693

Zavala ES 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.004

Father Yermo S 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.002

Bowie HS 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.010

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.003

Table 4.103: CO first highest monthly average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm)


CAMS 12 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

CAMS 37 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CAMS 41 0.044 0.034 0.040 0.033 0.040

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

EPWU Sta. 1.080 0.841 1.011 0.808 0.980

USCBP 0.600 0.450 0.400 0.400 0.929

MXCBP 0.650 0.480 0.600 0.400 1.045

Zavala ES 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009

Father Yermo S 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.003

Bowie HS 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.004

130

Table 4.104: CO first highest 24-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm)


CAMS 12 0.007 0.004 0.006 0.005 0.006

CAMS 37 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005

CAMS 41 0.124 0.100 0.118 0.102 0.125

CAMS 49 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

CAMS 72 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002

EPWU Sta. 1.850 1.577 1.828 1.470 1.690

USCBP 1.300 0.930 1.200 1.000 1.531

MXCBP 1.400 0.950 1.300 0.800 1.793

Zavala ES 0.090 0.050 0.080 0.050 0.070

Father Yermo S 0.020 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.017

Bowie HS 0.060 0.050 0.060 0.050 0.060

El Paso Zoo 0.030 0.020 0.040 0.030 0.025

Table 4.105: CO first highest 1-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppm)


CAMS 12 0.124 0.084 0.099 0.096 0.107

CAMS 37 0.120 0.082 0.096 0.094 0.104

CAMS 41 0.826 0.527 0.665 0.591 0.690

CAMS 49 0.031 0.022 0.025 0.022 0.026

CAMS 72 0.069 0.042 0.056 0.046 0.057

EPWU Sta. 9.292 6.122 7.480 6.191 7.908

USCBP 7.000 4.200 5.500 4.500 8.323

MXCBP 6.500 3.700 5.000 4.000 9.563

Zavala ES 2.000 0.800 1.000 0.800 1.099

Father Yermo S 0.300 0.250 0.200 0.250 0.328

Bowie HS 0.500 0.350 0.400 0.300 0.459

El Paso Zoo 0.400 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.393

131

4.3.3 NOx

Table 4.106: NOx annual average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)


CAMS 12 0.040 0.014 0.016 0.012 0.015

CAMS 37 0.019 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.006

CAMS 41 2.258 0.738 0.858 0.703 0.826

CAMS 49 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

CAMS 72 0.006 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002

EPWU Sta. 67.092 20.206 23.476 19.695 22.971

USCBP 30.000 10.000 12.000 10.000 22.325

MXCBP 40.000 12.000 14.000 12.000 25.287

Zavala ES 0.500 0.140 0.300 0.150 0.151

Father Yermo S 0.200 0.060 0.070 0.040 0.062

Bowie HS 1.000 0.320 0.300 0.300 0.354

El Paso Zoo 0.300 0.090 0.100 0.090 0.100

Table 4.107: NOx first highest monthly average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)


CAMS 12 0.078 0.023 0.025 0.019 0.023

CAMS 37 0.042 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.012

CAMS 41 4.224 1.096 1.319 1.093 1.286

CAMS 49 0.016 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003

CAMS 72 0.016 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005

EPWU Sta. 108.549 28.073 32.205 26.418 31.057

USCBP 58.000 15.000 17.000 14.000 29.215

MXCBP 65.000 16.500 19.000 16.000 32.805

Zavala ES 1.000 0.250 0.300 0.250 0.300

Father Yermo S 0.300 0.080 0.100 0.090 0.092

Bowie HS 2.000 0.500 0.600 0.500 0.573

El Paso Zoo 0.500 0.150 0.200 0.150 0.161

132

Table 4.108: NOx first highest 24-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)


CAMS 12 0.645 0.135 0.187 0.146 0.202

CAMS 37 0.508 0.121 0.154 0.127 0.146

CAMS 41 12.589 3.218 3.851 3.382 3.951

CAMS 49 0.198 0.034 0.044 0.035 0.040

CAMS 72 0.287 0.078 0.084 0.062 0.081

EPWU Sta. 183.514 52.546 58.887 48.115 54.281

USCBP 130.000 32.000 39.000 33.000 51.413

MXCBP 125.000 32.000 42.000 35.000 57.506

Zavala ES 8.000 1.800 2.500 2.000 2.261

Father Yermo S 3.000 0.400 0.600 0.500 0.510

Bowie HS 6.000 1.500 2.000 2.000 1.918

El Paso Zoo 2.000 0.700 0.800 0.800 0.766

Table 4.109: NOx first highest 1-hr. average concentrations for all scenarios (ppb)


CAMS 12 10.718 2.721 3.174 2.961 3.419

CAMS 37 11.005 2.649 3.057 2.883 3.321

CAMS 41 81.389 18.208 21.341 18.209 23.076

CAMS 49 3.584 0.668 0.827 0.678 0.781

CAMS 72 6.848 1.452 1.796 1.475 1.942

EPWU Sta. 915.879 235.110 271.353 261.600 287.603

USCBP 670.000 175.000 190.000 215.000 299.628

MXCBP 600.000 150.000 175.000 240.000 312.316

Zavala ES 110.000 25.000 35.000 30.000 35.870

Father Yermo S 35.000 9.000 9.000 8.000 10.487

Bowie HS 50.000 12.000 14.000 12.000 14.990

El Paso Zoo 45.000 11.000 14.000 10.000 12.587

133

4.4.4 PM2.5

Table 4.110: PM2.5 annual average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)


CAMS 12 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

CAMS 37 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CAMS 41 0.074 0.041 0.048 0.040 0.046

CAMS 49 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CAMS 72 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

EPWU Sta. 2.255 1.133 1.292 1.109 1.254

USCBP 2.222 0.600 0.700 1.077 1.217

MXCBP 2.514 0.700 0.750 1.220 1.378

Zavala ES 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.007 0.008

Father Yermo S 0.006 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.003

Bowie HS 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.017 0.020

El Paso Zoo 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005

Table 4.111: PM2.5 8th

24-hr average concentrations for all scenarios (µg/m3)


CAMS 12 0.013 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.006

CAMS 37 0.006 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.004

CAMS 41 0.297 0.127 0.150 0.124 0.145

CAMS 49 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001

CAMS 72 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002

EPWU Sta. 4.824 2.341 2.676 2.334 2.655

USCBP 4.942 1.300 1.500 2.204 2.456

MXCBP 5.349 1.500 1.750 2.424 2.799

Zavala ES 0.104 0.070 0.080 0.059 0.067

Father Yermo S 0.042 0.030 0.040 0.016 0.020

Bowie HS 0.144 0.070 0.080 0.064 0.073

El Paso Zoo 0.057 0.040 0.040 0.026 0.031

4. 5 Environmental Data Collection

This section presents the air quality data that was collected at the BOTA POE during the

four monitoring periods (Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter). The meteorology section presents

wind data downloaded from TCEQ CAMS 41.

134

4.5.1 Meteorology

Figures 4.1-4.4 show the windroses for each 1-week monitoring period. During the

Spring period, the majority of the winds came from the Southeast direction, with predominant

wind speeds at 2.1-5.7 m/sec (Figure 4.1). Summer period (Figure 4.2) shows the majority of the

winds coming from the East to Southeast, with some also coming from the West and

predominant wind speeds also at 2.1-5.7 m/sec. A shift can be seen in the Fall period (Figure 4.3)

with most of the winds coming from the West and some from the Northeast and higher

predominant wind speeds at 5.7-11.1 m/sec. Finally, during the Winter period (Figure 4.4) the

majority of the winds are coming from the Northeast and Southeast, with a few winds coming

from the West, predominant wind speeds ranging from 2.1-5.7 m/sec.

Figure 4.1: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Spring monitoring period (April 12-20, 2010)

135

Figure 4.2: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Summer monitoring period (Aug 25- Sep 1, 2010)

Figure 4.3: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Fall monitoring period (Oct 25- Nov 1, 2010)

136

Figure 4.4: Windrose (CAMS 41) for Winter monitoring period (January 11-18, 2011)

4.5.2 PM2.5 and PM10

Figures 4.5-4.12 show the PM10 and PM2.5 data collected for the four seasons at the

BOTA POE along with the measurements recorded at TCEQ CAMS 41 (Chamizal), located

adjacent to BOTA within half-mile distance. In most cases, both sets of measurements follow a

similar pattern, with the measurements from TCEQ recording generally lower concentrations at

the Chamizal station as compared to the ones recorded by BOTA. There was a gap in the TCEQ

measurements in Figure 4.9 because data was not available; the same case was seen in Figures

4.11 and 4.12, where data was not available for any part of the monitoring Winter period.

137

Figure 4.5: Measured PM10 during the Spring monitoring period (April 12-20)

Figure 4.6: Measured PM2.5 during the Spring monitoring period (April 12-20)

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Figure 4.7: Measured PM10 during the Summer monitoring period (August 25-September 1)

Figure 4.8: Measured PM2.5 during the Summer monitoring period (August 25-September 1)

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Figure 4.9: Measured PM10 during the Fall monitoring period (October 25-November 1)

Figure 4.10: Measured PM2.5 during the Fall monitoring period (October 25-November 1)

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Figure 4.11: Measured PM10 during the Winter monitoring period (January 11-18)

Figure 4.12: Measured PM2.5 during the Winter monitoring period (January 1-18)

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Figures 4.13-4.19 show the scatter plots of the measurements made at BOTA and those

taken by TCEQ at CAMS 41 for both PM10 and PM2.5 for Spring, Summer, and Fall. Again, we

were not able to compare the measurements during Winter because TCEQ data is not available

for that period. The time-series figures show that the measurements followed more or less the

same pattern with peaks occurring simultaneously for both sets of measurements, although

measurements were, as expected, higher at the BOTA site. R2 values in Figures 4.13-4.19 ranged

from R2= 0.05 to 0.58.

Figure 4.13: Correlation between PM10 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Spring season)

y = 0.4192x + 9.7557 R² = 0.2867

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Figure 4.14: Correlation between PM2.5 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Spring season)

Figure 4.15: Correlation between PM10 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Summer season)

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Figure 4.16: Correlation between PM2.5 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Summer season)

Figure 4.17: Correlation between PM10 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Fall season)

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14

16

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

TCEQ

PM

2.5

(µ

g/m

3)

BOTA PM2.5 (µg/m3)

y = 0.465x + 12.165 R² = 0.5791

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

TCEQ

PM

10 (

µg/

m3)

BOTA PM10 (µg/m3)

144

Figure 4.18: Correlation between PM2.5 at BOTA and TCEQ CAMS 41 (Fall season)

Although not conclusive, observations made from Figures 4.13 through 4.18 in

conjunction with their respective windrose plots for the three available seasons reveal that the

PM data correlate better between the two sites (with R2=0.58 and 0.43 for PM10 and PM2.5

respectively) when winds were coming from the East or when CAMS 41 was downwind of the

BOTA site. A 45° line (representing a 1:1 ratio in the graph) was drawn in each of the scatter

plots. It is seen in the figures that PM concentrations measured at the BOTA site were, in

general, higher than those measured concurrently at CAMS 41.

4.5.3 VOC

The initial list of monitored VOC in the badge samplers included analysis for 31

compounds, however, eight compounds were eliminated because their levels were below the

y = 0.5039x + 0.8527 R² = 0.4333

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TCEQ

PM

2.5

(µ

g/m

3)

BOTA PM2.5 (µg/m3)

145

method detection limits (MDL). The compounds that were analyzed along with averages for each

season are shown in Table 4.112

146

Table 4.112: VOCs measured at BOTA in µg/m3

Compound School 1 School 2 School 3 School 4 BOTA

Indoor Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Spring Fall Winter

Pentene 7.27 3.62 9.27 5.37 12.66 6.61 1.14 1.1 7.3 4.82 4.35

Methylene Chloride 0.22 0.25 1.19 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.16 0.2 0.15 0.14 0.19

Hexane 1.21 0.92 0.74 1.01 1.04 1.04 0.28 0.32 2.62 1.06 1.81

Methylcyclopentane 0.85 0.64 0.53 0.72 0.94 0.74 0.21 0.26 1.87 0.97 1.32

Chloroform 0.13 0.09 0.18 0.1 0.28 0.09 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.07

Carbon Tetrachloride 0.48 0.59 0.44 0.59 0.47 0.55 0.48 0.63 0.58 0.47 0.4

Benzene 0.8 1.21 0.96 1.51 0.88 1.25 0.34 0.52 4.74 2.18 2.76

Trichloroethylene 0.06 0.1 0.04

Toluene 3.25 3.82 4.25 4.25 3.36 3.98 0.92 1.16 11 5.42 7.26

Tetrachloroethylene N/A 0.08 0.14

Ethylbenzene 0.54 0.74 0.65 0.86 0.84 0.75 0.3 0.26 2.61 1.37 1.78

Nonane 0.28 0.15 0.2 0.17 0.39 0.66 0.15 0.32 0.31 0.2 0.31

m,p-Xylene 1.27 1.92 1.61 2.26 1.4 1.97 0.56 0.68 7.35 3.48 9.17

o-Xylene 0.52 0.73 0.62 0.87 0.58 0.76 0.26 0.28 2.71 1.32 1.72

Stylene 0.54 0.28 0.41

α-pinene 0.34 0.22 0.35 0.2 0.42 0.21 0.15 0.2 N/A 0.11 0.13

1,3,5 trimethylbenzene 0.74 0.36 0.41

Decane 0.4 0.18 0.28 0.2 0.92 0.93 0.34 0.44

Ethylmethylbenzene 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.2 0.21 0.18 0.05 0.08 0.66 0.32 0.39

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 0.46 0.54 0.49 0.63 0.6 0.59 0.13 0.23 2.48 1.13 1.45

d-Limonene 3.76 0.17 3.37 0.2 5.44 0.46 0.74 0.1 N/A 0.09 0.21

1,2,3-trimethylbenzene 0.5 0.25 0.31

p-Dichlorobenzene 0.74 0.26 0.83 0.31 0.33 0.22 0.1 0.09 0.19 0.15 0.27

147

A study of VOCs in indoor and outdoor school environment was conducted in El Paso at

four elemental schools during the spring of 2010 (March 1 – June 4, 2010) to assess the

association between children’s respiratory health and traffic-related air pollution (Li et al, 2011).

The VOC data observed in this study was compared in Table 4.112 to that recorded concurrently

at the 4 elementary schools in El Paso. Schools 1-3 are located in the lower valley of El Paso, all

within approximately 4 miles west of the BOTA along arterial streets whereas School 4 is

located in the residential area of northeast El Paso only accessible with local surface streets (Li et

al, 2011).

In general, all VOC concentrations detected at the BOTA appear to be higher than not

only those measured at the school in the residential area but also those measured at roadside

schools. Traffic related pollutants such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene)

were significantly higher by 3 to 4-fold at the BOTA than indoor or outdoor of roadside schools.

Benzene concentrations at the BOTA were observed to be at the level close to TCEQ’s long-term

ESL (Effects Screening Level) of 4.5 µg/m3 but far less than the short-term ESL of 170 µg/m

3.

All other VOCs observed at the BOTA were less than their respective ESLs promulgated by

TCEQ.

148

5.0 Conclusions

A transportation and air quality impact study was performed at the Bridge of the Americas

(BOTA), an international border crossing between the U.S. and México in El Paso, Texas.

Traffic counts and air pollutant concentrations at a location immediately adjacent to the BOTA

were measured for four one- week periods, namely one week in each season between April 12,

2010 and January 18, 2011. Three future transportation mitigation scenarios and one no-action

scenario in 2035 as well as a 2010 baseline scenario were evaluated. The four future scenarios

are:

Scenario 1 – No Action in 2035

Scenario 2 – Divert the northbound commercial traffic to other POEs and convert the

existing commercial vehicle inspection lanes to non-commercial lanes in 2035

Scenario 3 – Divert the southbound commercial traffic to other POEs and convert the

existing commercial vehicle inspection lanes to non-commercial lanes in 2035

Scenario 4 – Divert both northbound and southbound commercial traffic to other POEs

and convert the existing commercial vehicle inspection lanes to non-commercial lanes in

2035

The weekday averages of total vehicles crossing the BOTA (shown below) were used for

developing total bridge emissions for each scenario. The vehicle fleet mix and temporally

resolved vehicle counts were used to provide hourly emission rates of various pollutants at the

BOTA.

149

Passenger Vehicles Commercial Vehicles

NB SB NB SB

Baseline 9579 11508 1327 974

Scenario 1 10299 14367 998 934

Scenario 2 15555 14367 0 934

Scenario 3 10299 15595 998 0

Scenario 4 15555 15595 0 0

While the total number of vehicles crossing the BOTA increases in all future scenarios, vehicles

are expected to function more efficient and emit less pollutants in future years, hence even if

traffic is projected to increase, emissions are likely to decrease. Scenario 1 shows the lowest

concentrations for VOC, CO, and NOx while Scenario 3 shows the lowest emissions for PM2.5.

Under all future transportation mitigation scenarios considered, emissions of the four pollutants

are significantly reduced ranging from a maximum of 72% reduction for NOx in Scenario 1 to a

minimum of 10% for CO in Scenario 4 (see the table below).


VOC (µg/m3) 36.36 16.96 19.32 16.84 19.20

CO (ppm) 620.15 472.39 554.69 481.65 563.94

NOx (ppb) 91.00 24.80 28.64 25.18 29.02

PM2.5 (µg/m3) 1.98 0.87 0.99 0.86 0.98

The impact of BOTA emissions on the community air quality was assessed by applying

the AERMOD air quality model with hourly varying bridge emissions estimated from the

MOBILE6 and VISSIM models. Pollutant concentrations at the BOTA were found to be an

order-of-magnitude greater than those observed at nearby community air monitoring station

(CAMS 41). Off-site air quality impacts resulting from BOTA emissions of VOC, NOx, PM, and

CO do not appear to be at levels of health concern.

Although not conclusive, the limit-time PM and VOC measurements conducted at the

BOTA showed that the PM concentrations measured at the BOTA site were, in general, higher

150

than those measured concurrently at CAMS 41 and that the VOC data observed in this study was

comparable to those reported recently at 4 elementary schools in El Paso. All VOC

concentrations detected at the BOTA appear to be higher than not only those measured at the

school in the residential area but also those measured at roadside schools. Traffic related

pollutants such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) were significantly higher

by 3 to 4-fold at the BOTA than indoor or outdoor of roadside schools. Benzene concentrations

at the BOTA were observed to be at the level close to TCEQ’s long-term ESL (Effects Screening

Level) of 4.5 µg/m3 but far less than the short-term ESL of 170 µg/m

3. All other VOCs observed

at the BOTA were less than their respective ESLs promulgated by TCEQ.

151

References

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152

Atmospheric Modeling. Date of access: March 21, 2011.

http://www.epa.gov/scram001/dispersion_prefrec.htm

153

Glossary

BOTA Bridge of the Americas

CO Carbon Monoxide

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

POE Port of Entry

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM2.5 Particle with aerodynamic diameters of less than 2.5 µm

UTEP University of Texas at El Paso

VOC Volatile Organic Compounds

µm micro meter, 10-6

m

ppm parts per million (in volume)

ppb parts per billion (in volume)

TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

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