Aim: What is an organic compound?

Do Now: what are the key components to organic

chemistry?

Homework: Text Book Pg 632 – 648 Questions 1-5

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Organic Chemistry Unit IX

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I. Organic Compounds: defined Contains carbon which must have four

bonds

Have covalent bonds.

Have low melting points.

Have low boiling points.

React slowly because of their complex

bonding.

May have symmetrical shapes (i.e.:

tetrahedral) therefore are soluble in

non-polar solvents.

Form large molecules with triple,

double and single bonds.

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II. Nomenclature: Naming Organic Compounds

• Learn to use Table P

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a) Types of Organic Compounds

• Hydrocarbons

any compound that contains carbon and hydrogen

1. Alkanes – hydrocarbons that contains all single bonds among the carbons in any chain

-Formula For Alkane CnH2n+2

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Complete Structural Formulas

Show the bonds between each of the atoms

H H

H C H H C H H H

CH4 , methane

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More Alkanes

H H Condensed Structural Formulas

H C C H CH3 CH3

H H Ethane

H H H

H C C C H CH3 CH2 CH3

H H H Propane

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Alkane Family

Name # carbons Structural Formula

Methane 1 CH4

Molecular Formula

CH4

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Alkane Family Continued

Name # carbons Structural Formula

Ethane 2 CH3CH3

Molecular Formula

C2H6

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Alkane Family Continued

Name # carbons Structural Formula

Propane 3 CH3CH2CH3

Molecular Formula

C3H8

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Other Alkanes

Name # carbons Structural Formula

Hexane 6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Heptane 7 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Octane 8 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Nonane 9 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

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Answer the following

A. Draw butane? H H H H

H C C C C H

H H H H

B. What is its molecular formula?

C4H10

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b) Alkenes – unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one double bond among the carbons in any chain.

Name Structure Molecular Formula

EtheneC2H4

PropeneC3H6

Butene C4H8

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Answer the FollowingWhat is the molecular formula of pentene ?

C5H10

Why?

H H H H H

C= C-C-C- C HH H H H

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c) Alkynes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with one triple bond among the carbons in any chain

Name Structure Molecular Formula

Ethyne(acetylene

C2H2

Propyne C3H4

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Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

When the carbon chain has 4 or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond.

1 2 3 4

CH2=CHCH2CH3

1-butene

CH3CH=CHCH3

2-butene

CH3CCCH3

2-butyne

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Using Table Q

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Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds

Saturated compounds (alkanes) have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom

Unsaturated compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes

Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds

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Summary of Hydrocarbons• Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes are members of a

homologous series where each successive member has one more carbon and two more hydrogens

• If you arrange the series in alphabetical order

which comes first , second and third ?

Alkane – single bonds

Alkene – double bond

Alkyne – triple bond

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Using the summary and the reference tables answer the following1. Given CH4, C2H6,what is the next member ?

C3H8

2. Which of the following has a double bond ?

C4H10, C4H8 or C4H6

3. Which of the following is Pentyne ?

C5H12 C3H4 C5H8

4. Which of the following is a saturated hydrocarbon ?

C5H12 C3H4 C5H8

5. Draw 2-butene.

C-C=C-C plus the Hs

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Answer the following:• What is the formula of Butene ?

C4H8

What is the formula of Hexane

C6H14

What is the formula of Butyne ?

C4H6

Which of the following is an alkene ?

C4H10 C4H6 or C4H8

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d) Benzene Series

1. Characteristics:

• Aromatic hydrocarbon (ring structures)

• Contains alternating double bonds

• Displays chemical resonance

• Highly nonpolar due to the depolarization of shared electron (equally distributed).

• Formula: CnH2n-6

Examples: Benzene, Toluene, Napthalene

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Napthalene

Benzene

Toluene