AimAim: Were the Crusades : Were the Crusades one of historyone of history’’s successful s successful

failures?failures?

Big IdeasBig IdeasThe Crusades:The Crusades:• Were driven by ChristiansWere driven by Christians’’ desire to force desire to force

Muslims from Palestine as well as to gain wealth Muslims from Palestine as well as to gain wealth and powerand power

• Resulted in increased European trade with the Resulted in increased European trade with the Muslim worldMuslim world

• Temporarily increased the power of the Church Temporarily increased the power of the Church and greatly strengthened feudal monarchsand greatly strengthened feudal monarchs

• Introduced Europeans to the advances of Introduced Europeans to the advances of Byzantine and Muslim civilizationsByzantine and Muslim civilizations

Key People and TermsKey People and Terms

CrusadesCrusades Urban IIUrban II Council of ClermontCouncil of Clermont Holy LandHoly Land SaladinSaladin Richard the Lion HeartedRichard the Lion Hearted

Call to Holy WarCall to Holy WarIn 1096, Pope Urban II called for a In 1096, Pope Urban II called for a CrusadeCrusade or holy war. or holy war. For the next three hundred years, these crusaders would For the next three hundred years, these crusaders would travel throughout the world to the Holy Land in Jerusalem travel throughout the world to the Holy Land in Jerusalem (Israel).(Israel).The Crusades had economic, social, political, and religious The Crusades had economic, social, political, and religious motives. The Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople urged motives. The Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople urged Christians to conqueror the Muslims. Christians to conqueror the Muslims. Younger sons participated in the Crusades because they Younger sons participated in the Crusades because they did not stand to inherit property. They were looking for did not stand to inherit property. They were looking for land, a position in society, and most importantly land, a position in society, and most importantly ADVENTURE.ADVENTURE.Merchants profited by making cash loans to finance the Merchants profited by making cash loans to finance the Crusades and by renting boats for huge fees.Crusades and by renting boats for huge fees.

The First Crusade 1096 - 1099The First Crusade 1096 - 1099Approximately 50,000 Knights divided into three Approximately 50,000 Knights divided into three armiesarmiesThe Pope promised that anyone who fought the The Pope promised that anyone who fought the Muslims would be guaranteed a place in heavenMuslims would be guaranteed a place in heaven– The army had no strategy and could not agree The army had no strategy and could not agree

on a leader. on a leader. With less than 12,000 men still alive, the Knights With less than 12,000 men still alive, the Knights captured the Jerusalem city after a month of captured the Jerusalem city after a month of fighting. fighting. In 1144 The Muslim Turks recaptured Jerusalem In 1144 The Muslim Turks recaptured Jerusalem from the Knights.from the Knights.

The Second Crusade 1147 – 1149The Second Crusade 1147 – 1149Launched by the Pope and the Roman Catholic Launched by the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church to recapture Jerusalem from the MuslimsChurch to recapture Jerusalem from the MuslimsThis Crusade was a complete failure. The This Crusade was a complete failure. The Crusaders were not prepared for battle and the Crusaders were not prepared for battle and the Muslims drove them outMuslims drove them outBy 1187, a Kurdish warrior named Saladin was in By 1187, a Kurdish warrior named Saladin was in control of Jerusalem and he prepared for another control of Jerusalem and he prepared for another attack by the Roman Catholic crusaders.attack by the Roman Catholic crusaders.

The Third Crusade 1189 - 1191The Third Crusade 1189 - 1191 In order to defeat Saladin, French Emperor Philip II, In order to defeat Saladin, French Emperor Philip II,

Germanic Emperor Frederick I, and English King Germanic Emperor Frederick I, and English King Richard the Lionhearted sought an alliance with the Richard the Lionhearted sought an alliance with the Pope to win back the Holy Land from the Muslims.Pope to win back the Holy Land from the Muslims.

Frederick I, drowned on his way to the Holy Land. Frederick I, drowned on his way to the Holy Land. Philip and Richard the Lionhearted could not get Philip and Richard the Lionhearted could not get along; with Philip II finally abandoning the mission. along; with Philip II finally abandoning the mission. Richard fought on with his own men. Richard fought on with his own men.

After many battles and huge loss of life on both sides, After many battles and huge loss of life on both sides, Saladin and Richard the Lionhearted came to an Saladin and Richard the Lionhearted came to an agreement in early 1192. Jerusalem would remain in agreement in early 1192. Jerusalem would remain in control of the Muslims but UNARMED Christians could control of the Muslims but UNARMED Christians could freely visit the Holy Land.freely visit the Holy Land.

The Fourth Crusade 1202 – 1204The Fourth Crusade 1202 – 1204

Was an attempt to recapture Jerusalem, the Was an attempt to recapture Jerusalem, the Crusaders did not have the same spirit as Crusaders did not have the same spirit as those in the first Crusade and this Crusade those in the first Crusade and this Crusade was a complete failure.was a complete failure.

The ChildrenThe Children’’s Crusade 1212s Crusade 1212

In 1212, approximately 30,000 school age In 1212, approximately 30,000 school age children set out to re-conqueror Jerusalem children set out to re-conqueror Jerusalem from the Muslims. Led by a twelve year old from the Muslims. Led by a twelve year old boy, the children first marched to Rome in boy, the children first marched to Rome in order to meet with the Pope. Only 2,000 order to meet with the Pope. Only 2,000 children survived to actually meet the Pope. children survived to actually meet the Pope.

The 2000 children then began their march to The 2000 children then began their march to Jerusalem with no weapons. They had a belief Jerusalem with no weapons. They had a belief that upon arrival, God would just give them that upon arrival, God would just give them Jerusalem. As the children traveled to Jerusalem. As the children traveled to Jerusalem… Jerusalem…

THEY ALL THEY ALL DIED!!!DIED!!!

Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades1.1. Thousands left their homes for adventureThousands left their homes for adventure2.2. Women managed household affairsWomen managed household affairs3.3. Merchants expanded their trade zonesMerchants expanded their trade zones4.4. The power and authority of the Pope fadedThe power and authority of the Pope faded5.5. Millions diedMillions died6.6. Hatred of the Jews and Muslims grew. Jews Hatred of the Jews and Muslims grew. Jews

were expelled from many countrieswere expelled from many countries7.7. The Crusades are considered successful failures The Crusades are considered successful failures

because even though the Church did not win the because even though the Church did not win the Holy Land, Catholic influence spread throughout Holy Land, Catholic influence spread throughout Europe and the world which led to: Europe and the world which led to:

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion

Pope Urban II

Knight in his Crusade Uniform

Frederick I Philip II Richard the Lionhearted

Kurdish WarriorSaladin