AIM: SWBAT that elements on the periodic table are ...dpharlem7science.wikispaces.com/file/view/UNIT 1 LESSON 13.pdf... · developing his periodic table. 1. 3. 2. 4. Developing a

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7th Grade Science

Periodic Table 1

UNIT 1 LESSON 13

Do Now

Name_____________________________________ Date:_____________________________________

Explain in detail how you arrange your clothes and shoes at home. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

How are products arranged and stacked on shelves in a grocery store?

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

AIM: SWBAT that elements on the periodic table are organized by increasing atomic number and by similar properties.

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7th Grade Science

Periodic Table 1

UNIT 1 LESSON 13

Mini Lesson

Name_____________________________________ Date:_____________________________________

96 The Periodic Table

Lesson 1

Copyright ©

Glencoe/M

cGraw

-Hill, a division of T

he McG

raw-H

ill Com

panies, Inc.

Using the Periodic TableSkim Lesson 1 in your book. Read the headings, and look at the photos and illustrations. Identify three things you want to learn more about as you read the lesson. Record your ideasin your Science Journal.

What is the periodic table?I found this on page .

I found this on page .

Define periodic table.

Organize information about the periodic table in the chart below.

There are more

than known elements.

Scientists use

ato organizethe elements.

The periodic table is

Discuss information about Mendeleev.

Dimitri Mendeleev

Who he was: What he developed:

Name four properties of elements that Mendeleev studied when developing his periodic table.

1. 3.

2. 4.

Developing a Periodic TableI found this on page .


C330_001-005_L1_SN_889435.indd Page 2 1/6/10 2:22:17 PM u-s082C330_001-005_L1_SN_889435.indd Page 2 1/6/10 2:22:17 PM u-s082 /Volumes/101/GO00261/MSS_Ntbk_Ancillaries%0/MSS12-SN_12/Application_Files_MSS12-SN/Volumes/101/GO00261/MSS_Ntbk_Ancillaries%0/MSS12-SN_12/Application_Files_MSS12

Think like a Scientist!!! How does sorting help scientists understand what they are studying?

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

AIM: SWBAT that elements on the periodic table are organized by increasing atomic number and by similar properties.

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The Periodic Table 23

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How is the periodic table arranged?What would happen if schools did not assign students to grades or classes? How would you know where to go on the first day of school? What if your home did not have an address? How could you tell someone where you live? Life becomes easier with organization. The following activity will help you discover how elements are organized on the periodic table.

Materials20 cards

Learn ItPatterns help you make sense of the world around you. The days of the week follow a pattern, as do the months of the year. Identifying a pattern involves organizing things into similar groups and then sequencing the things in the same way in each group.

Try It 1. Obtain cards from your teacher. Turn the cards over so the sides with numbers are

facing up.

2. Separate the cards into three or more piles. All of the cards in a pile should have a characteristic in common.

3. Organize each pile into a pattern. Use all of the cards.

4. Lay out the cards into rows and columns based on their characteristics and patterns.

Apply It 5. Describe the patterns you used to organize your cards. Do other patterns exist in your

arrangement?

6. Are there gaps in your arrangement? Can you describe what a card in one of those gaps would look like?

7. Key Concept What characteristics of elements might you use to organize them in a similar pattern?

Identify PatternsSkill Practice LESSON 1: 25 minutes

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Lesson 1

Copyright ©

Glencoe/M

cGraw

-Hill, a division of T

he McG

raw-H

ill Com

panies, Inc.

Using the Periodic TableSkim Lesson 1 in your book. Read the headings, and look at the photos and illustrations. Identify three things you want to learn more about as you read the lesson. Record your ideasin your Science Journal.

What is the periodic table?I found this on page .


Define periodic table.

Organize information about the periodic table in the chart below.

There are more

than known elements.

Scientists use

ato organizethe elements.

The periodic table is

Discuss information about Mendeleev.

Dimitri Mendeleev

Who he was: What he developed:

Name four properties of elements that Mendeleev studied when developing his periodic table.

1. 3.

2. 4.

Developing a Periodic TableI found this on page .



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Lesson 1 | Using the Periodic Table (continued)



Recall the definition of atomic number.

Compare Mendeleev’s periodic table with that of Moseley by completing the Venn diagram.

Mendeleev’s Table

Moseley’sTableBoth

predict

of unknown elements based on repeating

organized by increasing

organized by increasing

Discuss today’s periodic table in the organizer below.

The Periodic Table

AdvantagesPeople can identify many of

the of an element by looking at its

onthe periodic table.

OrganizationThe table is organized into

, ,

and , each of which shows certain patterns

of .

Today’s Periodic Table I found this on page .


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What is the periodic table?There are more than 100 elements. Each element has a

unique set of properties. Scientists use a table, called the periodic (pihr ee AH dihk) table, to organize elements. The periodic table is a chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties. The periodic table can be used to determine the relationships among the elements.

This chapter describes the development of the periodic table. It will show you how to use the periodic table to learn about the elements.

Developing a Periodic TableIn 1869, a Russian chemist and teacher Dimitri

Mendeleev (duh MEE tree · men duh LAY uf) put together an early periodic table. He studied the physical properties such as density, color, melting point, and atomic mass of each element. He also studied the chemical properties, such as how each element reacted with other elements. Mendeleev arranged the elements in rows of increasing atomic mass. He grouped elements with similar properties in the same column.

What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or a D if you disagree. After you’ve read this lesson, reread the statements to see if you have changed your mind.

Before Statement After

1. The elements on the periodic table are arranged in rows in the order they were discovered.

2. The properties of an element are related to the element’s location on the periodic table.

Key Concepts • How are elements arranged

on the periodic table?• What can you learn about

elements from the periodic table?

Reading Check1. Explain What physical property did Mendeleev use to place the elements in rows on the periodic table?

Create a Quiz As you study the information in this section, create questions about the information you read. Be sure to answer your questions. Refer to your questions and answers as you review the chapter.

The Periodic Table

Using the Periodic Table

Reading Essentials The Periodic Table 175

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Patterns in PropertiesThe word periodic means “repeating pattern.” Seasons and

months are periodic because they follow a repeating pattern every year. The days of the week are periodic because they repeat every seven days.

What were some of the repeating patterns Mendeleev noticed in his table? Melting point is one property that shows a repeating pattern. Melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. In the periodic table, melting points increase and then decrease across a row. Boiling points and reactivity also follow a periodic pattern.

Predicting Properties of Undiscovered ElementsWhen all of the elements known in Mendeleev’s time

were arranged in a periodic table, there were large gaps between some elements. Mendeleev predicted that scientists would discover elements that would fit into these spaces. He also predicted that the properties of those elements would be similar to the known elements in the same columns. Both of Mendeleev’s predictions turned out to be true.

Changes to Mendeleev’s TableMendeleev’s periodic table made it possible for scientists

to relate the properties of elements to their position on the table. However, the table had one big problem: some elements seemed to be out of place.

When elements were arranged in order of atomic mass, a few of the elements did not seem to belong in their columns. Their properties were similar to the properties of the elements in the next column on Mendeleev’s table. What could be done to fix this problem on Mendeleev’s table? The result is the periodic table we use today.

The Importance of Atomic NumberIn the early 1900s, scientist Henry Moseley solved the

problem with Mendeleev’s table. Mendeleev had listed elements according to increasing atomic mass. Instead of listing elements according to increasing atomic mass, Moseley listed elements according to increasing atomic number.

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of each of that element’s atoms. When Mosely organized the table according to atomic number, he found that the columns contained elements with similar properties.

Reading Check 2. Describe What did Mendeleev predict about the properties of the elements missing from his periodic table?

Key Concept Check3. Identify What determines where an element is located on the periodic table you use today?

Make a top-tab book to organize your notes about the development of the periodic table.

History Why ItChanged

Today’sTable

ThePeriodic

Table

176 The Periodic Table Reading Essentials


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Copyright © G

lencoe/McG

raw-H

ill, a division of The McG

raw-H

ill Companies, Inc.

Patterns in PropertiesThe word periodic means “repeating pattern.” Seasons and

months are periodic because they follow a repeating pattern every year. The days of the week are periodic because they repeat every seven days.

What were some of the repeating patterns Mendeleev noticed in his table? Melting point is one property that shows a repeating pattern. Melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. In the periodic table, melting points increase and then decrease across a row. Boiling points and reactivity also follow a periodic pattern.

Predicting Properties of Undiscovered ElementsWhen all of the elements known in Mendeleev’s time

were arranged in a periodic table, there were large gaps between some elements. Mendeleev predicted that scientists would discover elements that would fit into these spaces. He also predicted that the properties of those elements would be similar to the known elements in the same columns. Both of Mendeleev’s predictions turned out to be true.

Changes to Mendeleev’s TableMendeleev’s periodic table made it possible for scientists

to relate the properties of elements to their position on the table. However, the table had one big problem: some elements seemed to be out of place.

When elements were arranged in order of atomic mass, a few of the elements did not seem to belong in their columns. Their properties were similar to the properties of the elements in the next column on Mendeleev’s table. What could be done to fix this problem on Mendeleev’s table? The result is the periodic table we use today.

The Importance of Atomic NumberIn the early 1900s, scientist Henry Moseley solved the

problem with Mendeleev’s table. Mendeleev had listed elements according to increasing atomic mass. Instead of listing elements according to increasing atomic mass, Moseley listed elements according to increasing atomic number.

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of each of that element’s atoms. When Mosely organized the table according to atomic number, he found that the columns contained elements with similar properties.

Reading Check 2. Describe What did Mendeleev predict about the properties of the elements missing from his periodic table?

Key Concept Check3. Identify What determines where an element is located on the periodic table you use today?

Make a top-tab book to organize your notes about the development of the periodic table.

History Why ItChangedToday’s

TableThe

PeriodicTable

176 The Periodic Table Reading Essentials


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Using the Periodic Table A. What is the periodic table?

1. The is a chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their chemical and physical properties.

2. The table can be used to determine how all are related to one another.

B. Developing a Periodic Table

1. In the mid-1800s, Russian chemist and teacher created a table to help classify the elements by their properties.

a. He placed the elements in rows of increasing atomic .

b. The elements in the table showed repeating patterns; is a word used to describe such patterns.

c. For example, Mendeleev noticed patterns in the of elements, the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

2. After arranging the known elements in a periodic table, Mendeleev noticed

large gaps between some elements. He predicted that scientists would find

to fit into these spaces. Mendeleev’s predictions

were .

3. In the early 1900s, Henry Moseley found that the problem with Mendeleev’s table could be solved if the elements were arranged in rows

by .

4. The atomic number is the number of in the nucleus of an atom of an element.

C. Today’s Periodic Table

1. You can identify the properties of an element by studying its

on the periodic table.

2. The shows the element’s name, atomic number, chemical symbol, state of matter, and atomic mass.

3. A(n) is a column on the periodic table.

4. Elements in the same group have similar , which means they react with other elements in similar ways.

5. The rows in the periodic table are called .

Lesson Outline LESSON 1

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Dimitri Mendeleev: A Giant in the History of Science

Enrichment

Dimitri Mendeleev was born in Siberia in 1834, the youngest of 14 children. By the time he was 14, Dimitri was showing exceptional comprehension of complex topics, and his mother was saving money for him to attend the university. Although Russia was in a period of political unrest, Dimitri’s mother took Dimitri and his sister Elizabeth to Moscow and then St. Petersburg. There Dimitri was admitted to the university on a full scholarship.

Mendeleev graduated first in his class at the university. Because he was ill with tuberculosis, he moved to a better climate near the Black Sea. By 1856, he had recovered his health and returned to St. Petersburg, where he began his career of teaching and research. In addition to expansive research that was beneficial to the Russian people, Mendeleev used his growing prestige and power to speak out against the political repression and turmoil that he had witnessed in his country since he was a child.

The Periodic TableIn expressing his views on science and

society, Mendeleev said, “It is the function of science to discover the existence of a

general reign of order in nature and to find the causes governing this order. And this refers in equal measure to the relations of man—social and political—and to the entire universe as a whole.” Those thoughts of order led him to the discovery of the periodic law, and the development of the periodic table.

Mendeleev spent more than 13 years of his life collecting data and working out the concept of an orderly classification of the elements. He was 35 years old when his initial paper, including the chart shown here, was presented to the Russian Chemical Society in 1869.

LESSON 1

Ti = 50V = 51Cr = 52Mn = 55Fe = 56Ni = Co = 59Cu = 63,4Zn = 65,2? = 68? = 70As = 75Se = 79,4Br = 80Rb = 85,4Sr = 87,6Ce = 92La = 94Di = 95Th = 118?

Zr = 90Nb = 94Mo = 96Rh = 104,4Ru = 104,4Pd = 106,6Ag = 108Cd = 112Ur = 116Sn = 118Sb = 122Te = 128?J = 127Cs = 133Ba = 137

? = 180Ta = 182W = 186Pt = 194,4Ir = 198Os = 199Hg = 200

Au = 197?

Bi = 210?

Tl = 204Pb = 207

H = 1

Li = 7

Mg = 24Al = 27,4Si = 28P = 31S = 32Cl = 35,5K = 39Ca = 40? = 45?Er = 56?Yt = 60?In = 75,6

Be = 9,4B = 11C = 12N = 14O = 16F = 19Na = 23

Applying Critical-Thinking SkillsDirections: Respond to each statement.

1. In Mendeleev’s 1869 chart above, notations that have question marks but no chemical symbol contain his predicted atomic weights for elements not yet discovered. Identify the elements in the following notations that have since been discovered: ? = 45 and ? = 70.

2. Question marks next to symbol-and-weight pairs on the chart indicate weights that Mendeleev questioned. Refer to the chart in use today. Judge whether he was right or wrong to question gold (Au) and bismuth (Bi).

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CHALLENGE READING and QUESTIONS

Use the back of the page to write answers

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AIM: SWBAT that elements on the periodic table are ...dpharlem7science.wikispaces.com/file/view/UNIT 1 LESSON 13.pdf... · developing his periodic table. 1. 3. 2. 4. Developing a