Aim: How did the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution influence the development of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?

Do Now: Review the Stuart Monarchs chart with your partner.

James I - Inherited the English throne after Elizabeth I died with no heir. - First of the Stuart monarchs. - Understood little about English politics and claimed divine right. - Defied Parliament by collecting “illegal” taxes known as impositions. - Disagreed regarding Parliamentary free speech. - No major conflicts.

Charles I

- Charles I also believed in divine right. - The conflict between the monarchy and Parliament intensified greatly. - Ignored Parliament’s Petition of Right and ruled without Parliament- “Personal Rule.”- Raised money during his personal rule by questionable means such as ship money. - Alienated Puritans in England and enraged Scotland by imposing the Anglican Church on both groups-specifically through the forced usage of the Book of Common Prayer. - Caused revolts in Scotland which led to the Short and Long Parliaments. - Catalyst for English Civil War was his attempted arrest of Puritan Parliament members.

- Lost the English Civil War and was beheaded.

Cromwell - Fierce Puritan military leader of the Parliamentarians (Roundheads). - His “New Model Army” defeated the Royalists (Cavaliers). - First created the Commonwealth- a republic with no monarch- very militaristic. - The Protectorate developed and was essentially a Puritan dictatorship, much like Calvin’s Geneva. - Heavily persecuted Catholic Ireland- tried to impose Puritanism everywhere. - Both periods of his rule are known as the Interregnum. - His son was ineffective as a ruler and Parliament chose a Stuart Restoration.

Charles II

- Stuart Restoration. - Known as the Merry Monarch. - Agreed that the Monarch and Parliament ruled together as a “co-polity.”- Habeas Corpus Act of 1679. - Agreed to religious toleration for both Catholics and Protestant “nonconformists.” - Parliament’s power in relation to the King became stronger than ever before.

James II

- Converted to Catholicism after living in France during the Cromwellian Era. - Desired to return England to Catholicism. - Appointed many Catholics to high offices in government and colleges.

à Reissued the Declaration of Indulgence.- Had a son who was a Catholic heir.- Believed in the divine right of kings. - Forced to abdicate the throne. - His daughter Mary, a Protestant married to William of Orange, was invited to rule England. - William and Mary became co-rulers of England and embraced the English Bill of Rights and Constitution.

Thomas Hobbes John Locke