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World War IAim: During times of war, why
is a national consensus necessary and how is it
reached?
What are the causes of WWI?
Competition, Imperialism
Nationalism Militarism Secret Alliances SPARK:
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
American Entry into WWI
Wilson’s 1912 Platform: He Kept Us Out of the War!
Monroe Doctrine + US Policy of Neutrality
Freedom of the Seas and the Zimmerman Telegram
Small Groups In groups of 3’s, review questions 1-
10 that you had for homework. After reviewing comprehension
questions, answer the discussion questions below:• Why is war the “health of the state?” What
can happen if a national consensus is not reached? Why is it necessary?
War is the Health of the State
War is the health of the State. It automatically sets in motion throughout society those irresistible forces for uniformity, for passionate cooperation with the Government in coercing into obedience the minority groups and individuals which lack the larger herd sense. • -Randolph Bourne, “The State” 1918
Part II: Creating a National Consensus
How does a nation agree to war?
1. Make the War Just: Wilsonian Idealism
The world must be made safe for democracy…We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion…no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall cheerfully make….
Idealism and Democratic Peace theory
Why did we go to war? According to Wilson, A war to end all wars
2. Intimidation and Fear “The Pen is sharper
than the Sword…” Massive WWI
Propaganda Campaign under George Creel: Committee on Public Information• Anti-German/Anti-
Immigrant • Pamphlets, posters,
newspapers, photographs, motion pictures
3. Shut Up Opponents The Espionage
Act of 1917 Imprison
Americans who spoke out against the war
Eugene V. Debs Charles Schenck
vs. US
What does the Espionage Act say about Democracy?
Is a national consensus more important than the rights of citizens?
Homework Read Zinn Chapter 5 A People's War (pages
137 to 159) (Will not be on the Midterm Examination) and complete reading comprehension questions posted online.
Due Date: • 11A: February 14th
• 11B: February 25th Midterm Examination on February 18th:
• Review Reading Questions (3-4 will be on the examination)
• Review notes/powerpoints and discussions: 2 essays will be on the exam; you write 1.