Aid and the Environment: UgandaEseza KateregaMakerere University

Presentation outline

• Background: Environmental concerns and responses by sector; Major donors aid flows 2005-2011

• Objective of the study• Donor aid focus areas• Distribution of aid across environmental sectors• Findings

Background

• Aid flows to Africa have been increasing over time

• The actual share of resources allocated to environmental activities including climate change is lacking

• Little information on the relative importance of environmental activities undertaken by donors as well as their areas of focus

• A study covering six countries (Ghana, Senegal, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Uganda)

Objective of the study

• To establish the areas in which aid from the major donors is concentrated.

• To examine how donor aid has been allocated to the environmental sectors: Agriculture, Livestock and fisheries, Wetlands, forestry, transport infrastructure, water, general environmental protection and climate change support.

• Establish factors behind the success/failure of environmental projects

Major donors

• Multilateral include: IDA, EU, UNDP• Bilateral:

– US, UK, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden

Total Commitments: Multilateral Donors 2007-2010

EU IDA GEF UNDP0

100000000

200000000

300000000

400000000

500000000

600000000

2007

2008

2009

2010

Total Commitments 2007 -2010 (Bilateral donors)

US UK Norway Denmark Ireland Sweden Netherlands0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

300,000,000

350,000,000

400,000,000

450,000,000

500,000,000

2007

2008

2009

2010

Preliminary findings

• Major focus areas: Multilateral• More than 50% of the total commitments of the

World Bank were directed to the energy (electricity projects), health, and agriculture sectors, and the recovery of northern Uganda

• The EU allocated over 60% to Humanitarian aid

Findings

• GEF funds were allocated to enabling activities for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and the conservation of biodiversity in the Albertine Rift forest areas

• On average 60% of aid from UNDP was allocated to Economic growth and poverty reduction; and democratic and accountable governance

Results

• Major focus areas: Bilateral• US: Food aid and health support, governance

peace and reconciliation efforts • UK: health sector, recovery of northern Uganda,

food aid and social protection, and budget support

• Sweden: poverty reduction and strengthening civil society organizations, women and child rights

Findings

• Denmark: capacity building support in the private and public sectors, health management and poverty alleviation

• Norway: rural electrification, development and management of the oil and gas sector, capacity building, human rights and governance, gender and child rights

• Ireland: non-government organizations, social care and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, peace recovery and development programs

Distribution of Aid across sectors

Agriculture Water Fisheries &Livestock

Forestry Nat. Resource& Biodiversity

US EU Denmark Norway US

Denmark Denmark Norway Denmark UNDP

Norway Sweden Ireland EU Denmark

World Bank US US Norway

UK UK World Bank

Ireland Norway

Factors behind success (recipients)

• Strong involvement of local communities in projects

• strong commitment by Government • Involvement of donors in

monitoring/supervision of implementation process

• the creation of awareness of project goals

Conclusion

• The US, UK, Ireland, Sweden, Netherlands and WB did not commit any funds to the forestry sector (2005-2011).

• Ireland, Sweden, and the Netherlands did not commit any funds to Natural resource mgt & Biodiversity conservation (2005-2011).

• The percentage of total commitments from donors allocated to the environmental sectors considered have on average been less than 10%.

Conclusion

• Over the period 2005 -2011 Sweden and the Netherlands did not allocated funds to the agriculture sector

• Over the period 2005 -2011 WB and the Netherlands did not allocated funds to the Water and sanitation sector

• The EU, WB, Sweden, Netherlands did not commit funds to the livestock and fisheries sector (2005-2011).

THANK YOU