AICRP Sorghum Pathology

Pathology 51st AGM on Sorghum- 17-19 May, 2021

AICRP Sorghum Pathology Progress & Achievements 2020-21

Team:

IK Das (ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad) (Principal Investigator)

KK Sharma (IIMR-CRS Solapur, Retd.)

Main centre

1. SN Chattannavar (UAS Dharwad)

2. Yogendra Singh (GBPUAT Pantnagar)

3. AR Gulhane (PDKV Akola)

4. VM Gholve (VNMKV Parbhani)

5. A Sudha (TNAU Coimbatore)

6. WP Rawal (MPUAT Udaipur)

7. VG Tushar (NAU Surat)

Supporting centre

1. Ashlesha Atri (PAU Ludhiana)

2. Manjeet Singh (CCSHAU Hisar)

3. G Girish (UAS Hagari)

4. GM Sajjanar (UAS Vijayapura)


ATR on last year recommendation

Sr Recommendation ATR

1 Spraying of liquid formulation of Trichoderma

harzianum Parbhani, on sorghum panicles at

80% flowering reduce grain mold under field

conditions and produce 20% more mold-free

clean grain of kharif sorghum hybrids. The bio-

agent is recommended for grain mold

management in kharif sorghum

The bio-agent is already

in commercial

production at VNMKV

Parbhani, recommended

for use against sorghum

grain mold

2 Seed treatment + one foliar spray with

Trichoderma asperellum CMS39, or Trichoderma

harzianum P19 gave significant control of leaf

anthracnose on forage sorghum consecutively

for the second year and increased green fodder

yield. These treatments effects should be

tested on more number of parameters for

cultivars in bigger plot size

Detail study in few other

parameters like seed

germination, vigor index,

plant height and seed

size were studied for

analyzing the effect of

the bioagents on forage

cultivars PC4 and

CSV32F

Pathology

Priority Diseases

Sorghum Major Cultivation

area

Major diseases

Forage North India Anthracnose,

Zonate, Leaf blight

Kharif Grain Central, Southern &

Western India

Grain mold, Downy

mildew, Leaf blight

Rabi Grain Central & Southern

India

Stalk rot,

Rust (irregular)

Sweet Sorghum All sorghum areas Leaf diseases

Anthracnose

Zonate

Leaf blight

Grain mold Downy mildew Rust Charcoal rot 51st AGM on Sorghum- 17-19 May, 2021

AICSIP Entomology Report

Disease Situation Kharif 2020-21

ANTH

ZLS

ANTH

GLS, LB

ANTH ZLS

LB

LB ANTH

GM GM, LB, Sooty, Rust ANTH

SDM LB, GM

Rust

SDM

Rust GM

GM ANTH

LB

POKKAH

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Peninsular India Central & West North India

13.5

0 0

3.0

5.4

0.0

3.5 3.5 4.2

Dis

ease

severi

ty

Downy mildew (%) Grain mold (1-9) Leaf diseases (1-9)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rai

nfa

ll

Rel

ativ

e h

um

idit

y/ T

emp

/ Rai

ny

day

Rainy day (no) RH (Mor) (%) Tepm (Max) ˚C Rainhall (mm)

AICSIP Entomology Report

CR

LB, Rust SDM

CR

Rust LB

CR, LB Smut

Viral dis

Rust

Disease Situation Rabi- 2020-21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Parbhani Solapur Dharwad Hagari

Ch

arc

oal ro

t in

dex

CR index

≤10 = R

11-25 = MR

26-40 = S

>40 = HS

0

2

4

6

8

Parbhani Solapur Dharwad Hagari

Dis

ease

severi

ty (

1-9

)

Rust Leaf blight

Experiment details

A) Basic/ Applied research

Sr. Experiments Locations Sorghum

1 Yield losss assessment due to

grain mold

Parbhani, Akola Kh Grain

2 Foliar disease management in

forage sorghum

Pantnagar, Udaipur Forage

3 Downy mildew sowing window Dharwad, Coimbatore Kh Grain

4 Characterization of color sorghum

lines for disease resistance

Par, Ako, Dha, Hyd,

Pan, Coi, Hag

Grain/

Forage

5 Anthracnose population study Pantnagar, Surat Forage

6 Charcoal rot management in rabi

sorghum

Parbhani, Solapur,

Vijayapura

Rabi

grain

Pathology

A) Basic/Applied research

B) Evaluation of test hybrids & varieties

51st AGM on Sorghum- 17-19 May, 2021

(B) Evaluation of test hybrids & varieties

Sr. Trials Locations Sorghum

1 Initial grain hybrids & varieties Par, Ako, Dha, Sur,

Coi, Uda

Kh Grain

2 Advanced grain hybrids & varieties Par, Ako, Dha, Sur,

Coi, Uda, Pan

Kh Grain

3 Initial forage hybrids & varieties (SC & MC) Ako, Sur, Pan, Uda,

His

Forage

4 Advanced forage hybrids and varieties (SC &

MC)

Par, Ako, Sur, Coi,

Pan, Lud

Forage

5 Initial & adv sweet sorghum hybrids &

varieties

Par, Dha, Pan, Uda Sweet

6 Initial & adv Brown mid-rib sorghum Sur, Hag BMR

7 Initial & advanced grain hybrids & varieties-

Shallow soil

Par, Dha, Sol, Hag Rabi grain

8 Initial & advanced grain hybrids & varieties-

Deep soil

Par, Dha, Sol, Hag Rabi grain


A total of 160 test hybrids and varieties were evaluated for disease reactions

Pathology

Yield loss due to grain mold

y = -0.159x + 3.7715

R² = 0.682

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

1 3 5 7 9

Gra

in y

ield

(K

g/p

lot)

Grain mold score (1-9)

CSH16

y = -0.0793x + 4.1643

R² = 0.631

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

1 3 5 7 9

Gra

in y

ield

(K

g/p

lot)

Grain mold score (1-9)

CSH25

Parbhani

GMS Case CSH16 CSH25

2 Protected 3.453 4.006

6 Unprotected 2.817 0.636 18 3.690 0.316 8

Akola

GMS Case CSH16 CSH25

2 Protected 4.215 4.796

5 Unprotected 2.832 1.383 33 3.812 0.984 21

Grain yield Grain quality Market value

Pathology

Location: peninsular India (Dharwad and

Coimbatore)

Kh

ari

f g

rain

so

rgh

um


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 9-Aug 19-Aug

Se

ed

weig

ht

(g/1

00)

Do

wn

y m

ild

ew

(%

)

Sowing time (date)

SW SDM Veg SDM rep

Sowing window for less downy mildew

At Coimbatore there was gradual but

significant increase of downy mildew as

sowing date advances from 1st week of July to

3rd week of August

Pathology

Ta= Trichoderma asperellum; Th= T. harzianum; ST= Seed Treatment @ 10g talc / Kg seed; FS= Foliar

Spray @10g / L water; Plot size 3.6 sq m

Seed treatment + foliar spray of T. asperellum CMS39

significantly reduced foliar disease severity, (~50%)

increased seed germination, vigor index and green fodder

yield (~22%)

Foliar Disease Management in Forage


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

PC4 CSV32F PC4 CSV32F PC4 CSV32F PC4 CSV32F

Disease severity

(CD=2.6)

Seed germination

(CD= 8.4)

Vigor Index/100

(CD=7.1)

Green FY (Kg/plot)

(CD=2.5)

PD

I %

/ G

erm

%/ V

igo

r

ind

ex/G

Y

Ta CMS39 Control

Color sorghum lines for disease resistance


Grain mold, Downy Mildew, Foliar diseases

200 150 70 40

Grain mold

CS02, CS23, CS24, CS35, CS37, CS41, CS43, CS44, CS60, CS61,

CS72, CS73, CS79, CS80, CS97-1, CS103, CS111, CS118, CS128,

CS130, CS143

Downy mildew

CS17, CS26, CS27, CS28, CS35, CS36, CS37, CS38, CS43, CS44, CS49, CS50, CS62, CS73, CS112,

CS118, CS121

Foliar disease

CS01 , CS02 , CS04, CS08 , CS13 , CS14 , CS16-1 , CS21 , CS22 , CS24 , CS28, CS28 , CS29 , CS30 , CS33 , CS36 , CS37, CS37-1 , CS41 , CS42, CS43 , CS44 , CS47 , CS48 , CS53, CS60, CS61 , CS63 , CS69 , CS78 ,

CS80 , CS81 , CS95 , CS97-1 , CS103 , CS105, CS107, CS112,

CS133 , CS137, CS140

02, 24, 37, 41,

43, 44, 60, 61,

80, 103, 112

35, 37,

43, 44,

73, 118

28, 36,

37, 43,

44, 112

37,

43,

44

Pathology

Charcoal rot Management

• T2= T. harzianum LB @10ml/kg seed reduced CR Index (11 to 47%) over control

• Increased grain yield (~17%) at Parbhani and Vijayapura and not at Solapur

Treatment: Seed treatment with different formulations of Trichoderma spp.

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4

CSV29R M35-1 CSV29R M35-1 CSV29R M35-1

PARBHANI SOLAPUR VIJAYAPURA

Ch

arc

oal ro

t

red

ucti

on

(%

) Charcoal rot index

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4

CSV29R M35-1 CSV29R M35-1 CSV29R M35-1

PARBHANI SOLAPUR VIJAYAPURA

Gra

in y

ield

in

cre

ase

(%)

Grain yield

Soil-borne

infection

Pathology

Trial Entry + Check (No) Test location (No)

AHT 10+11 7

AVT 6+11 7

IHT 9+10 6

IVT 19+10 6

Promising entries for grain mold Hybrid: AHT- SPH1888, SPH1942 (FGS≤3.5 on 1-9 scale]

IHT- SPH1979, SPH1972, SPH1978, SPH1975 [FGS ≤3.5]

Variety: AVT- SPV2624, SPV2612 , SPV2688 [FGS ≤3.5]

IVT- SPV2769, SPV2770, SPV2773, SPV2776, SPV2778,

SPV2786, SPV1987 [FGS ≤3.5]

Grain mold score ≤3.0= R, 4-5= MR, 6-7= S, 8-9= HS

Kh

ari

f g

rain

so

rgh

um


Kharif grain test hybrid & variety

Pathology


Forage

IAVHT-MC 19+7 5

AVHT-SC 7+11 6

IVHT-SC 20+11 5

Promising entries for foliar disease resistance

Forage hybrid:

Multi-cut: SPH1968, SPH1904 (≤3.5 on 1-9 scale)

Single-cut: SPH1984, SPH1989, SPH1958 (≤3.5)

Forage variety:

Multi-cut: SPV2670, SPV2669 (≤3.5)

Single-cut: SPV2593, SPV2704, SPV2801 (≤3.5)

Forage test hybrid & variety F

ora

ge

so

rgh

um


Pathology

Promising entries for foliar disease resistance

Sweet sorghum

Anthracnose + zonate: SPH1983,SPV2604, SPV2700, SPV2696, SPV2791 (≤5.0 on 1-9 scale)

Rust: SPV2791, SPV2696, SPV2788 (≤3.0 on 1-9 scale)

BMR

Anthracnose- SPV2715, SPV2814 (≤3.0 on 1-9 scale)


IAVHT-SS 19+7 4

IAVHT-BMR 7+6 2


Sweet sorghum test hybrids & varieties

Pathology

Trials Grain sorghum Forage sorghum

Grain mold +

Downy

mildew

Grain mold + Foliar

disease

Multiple foliar disease

(Anth + Zonate + LB)

Grain hybrid & variety

SPH1942,

SPH1938

SPH1888, SPH1938,

SPH1912, SPH2624,

SPV2688, SPH1972,

SPH1978, SPH1975

SPV2681

Forage hybrid & variety

SPH1968, SPV2670,

SPH1904, SPH1984

Sweet sorghum variety

SPV2604 SPV2700, SPV2604

Kh

ari

f g

rain

so

rgh

um


Tolerance to multiple diseases

Pathology

Ra

bi s

org

hu

m


Trial

(Test entry +

check)

Charcoal rot

index (CRI) for

National

Checks

CRI: 11-25 (Mod

Res)

Top performing test

entries (CRI≤16)

AVHT- shallow

soil

(7 + 11)

Range:19-37 All

(except SPV2750

SPV2757)

Nil

IAVHT-deep

soil

(20+8)

Range: 15-18 All SPV2838

IVHT- shallow

soil

(17+11)

Range: 16-27 All

(except SPV2842)

SPV2854

Rabi sorghum test hybrids & varieties

CR index

≤10 = R

11-25 = MR

26-40 = S

>40 = HS

Publications

Publication Number Contributors

Journal Article 7 Dharwad, Pantnagar, Hyderabad, Ludhiana

Book 2 Coimbatore, Hyderabad

Book chapter 3 Coimbatore, Pantnagar

Popular Article 4 Pantnagar

Oral presentation/ Paper

in Conf/ Symposia

7 Akola, Hyderabad

Reports 2 All centers


1. Dr. WP Rawal of MPUAT Udaipur received ‘Young Scientist Award’ by the

Society for Scientific Development in Agriculture and Technology.

2. Dr. D Sudha of TNAU Coimbatore received ‘Best oral presentation’ award

during the ICBC international conference.

3. Professor SN Chattannavar of UAS Dharwad appointed as HoD of Plant

Pathology, UAS Dharwad

Recognitions

Recommendations


Sr Target Recommendation

1 Foliar disease

management in

forage sorghum

Seed treatment + one foliar spray with

Trichoderma asperellum CMS39 significantly

controlled leaf diseases (~50% reduction) on

forage sorghum consecutively for the third year.

The treatment also substantially increased seed

germination (~10%), vigor index (~25%), and

green fodder yield (~22%).

It is recommended for use in forage sorghum for

foliar disease management.

Technical programme 2021-22 1. Yield loss estimation

Due to grain mold in grain sorghum

Due to foliar diseases in forage sorghum

2. Disease management

New molecules for ergot management

Seed treatment for charcoal rot management

3. Disease nurseries

Disease resistance and stability nurseries for grain mold and charcoal rot

Characterization of selected color sorghum lines for disease resistance

Evaluation of local land races for disease resistance (inter-disciplinary)

4. Basic studies on anthracnose population on forage sorghum

5. Multi-location evaluation of improved breeding materials for

disease resistance

6. Training of plant protection scientist of AICRP centers on HPR and

data recording


Documents

AICRP Sorghum Pathology