Ahnentafel of Guy I de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2764)

--- 1st Generation ---

1. Guy I1 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2764) (André Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls, 140.) (Paul Theroff, posts on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service, was a member as of 5 April 1994, at which time he held the identification MPSE79A, until July, 1996. His main source was Europaseische Stammtafeln, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Contenant lesa Généalogies, l'Histoire et la Chronologie des Familles Nobles de France in Volumes, 1 to 15 (Seconde Édition; Rue St-Jacques, Paris: Antoine Boudet, Libraire-Imprimeur du Roi, (1770 - 1786)), Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 634, 635.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). AKA: Guy, Maréchal de France (2764) (P.D. Abbott, Provinces, Pays and Seigneuries of France in ISBN: 0-9593773-0-1 (Author at 266 Myrtleford, 3737, Australia: Priries Printers Pty. Ltd, Canberra A.C.T., Australia, November, 1981), Page 123.). AKA: Guy, Seigneur de Breteuil (2764) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 634, 638.). AKA: Gui, Seigneur d'Offémont (2764) Seigneur d'Ossemont by marriage (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). AKA: Gui, dit de Néelle (2764) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Born: between 1244 and 1250 at France, son of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2762) and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury (2763), Guy I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Raoul was born, and Guy I was born after his brother Amaury. Married before 1259 at France: Marguerite de Torote (2767),, daughter of Ansoult II de Torote (2765) and Jeanne N? (2766) (Marguerite was Guy I's second wife). Died: on 11 Jul 1302 at Courtrai, Kortrijk, Courtrai, Flandre Occidentale, Belgium, Guy I was killed in action.Battle of Courtrai, was a military engagement that occurred on 11 July 1302, near the town of Courtrai (also called Kortrijk), in the province of West Flanders in Belgium. In May 1302 the Flemings arose in revolt against King Philip of France, who had imprisoned their Count and annexed his lands. Courtrai was one of the few towns the French succeeded in retaining. The Flemish army fell back to Courtrai when Count Robert of Artois invaded the country with a royal French army, composed of the feudal array of north France, Italian mercenaries and Gascon javelin soldiers. The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Dutch: Guldensporenslag, French: Bataille des éperons d’or or Battle of Courtrai) was fought on 11 July 1302, near Kortrijk in Flanders. The ferocious Flemish mercenaries who plagued England in the twelfth century had long since faded from the scene. The infantry troops of fourteenth-century Bruges, Ghent, and Ypres were quite different from their predecessors. Organized largely along guild lines into regular, uniformed militias, they were surprisingly well equipped, typically protected by mail haubergeons, steel helmets, gauntlets, shields, and often even coats of plates, and armed with bows, crossbows, pikes, orgoedendags. These unique weapons (the name means ‘hello’ or ‘good day’) consisted of a thick, heavy wooden staff four to five feet in length, tipped with a lethal steel spike. Many of the militiamen thus armed had seen repeated service during the last decade of the previous century, thanks to the frequent conflicts between Flanders, Hainault, and Holland, and deserve to be considered veterans. Their experiences in those campaigns, however, did not include anything like what they had to face on the hot summer afternoon of 11 July 1302. In that year the cities of Flanders, with the exception of Ghent, were in rebellion against the King of France, who had therefore dispatched an army of 2,500 men-at-arms and 8,000 infantry to break their siege of Courtrai castle, rescue the beleaguered French garrison, and suppress the revolt. King Philip probably did not anticipate that this task would involve a battle, for the Capetian army was incomparably superior to the Flemings in men-at-arms, and heavy cavalry was the acknowledged arbiter of battlefield victory or defeat. Yet, when the French troopers approached the encircled town, their enemies did not flee before them or retire behind protective fortifications. Instead, they withdrew to a carefully selected position on marshy ground outside the city, a spot where streams and ditches posed an obstacle to any attacker and protected their flanks, then drew up in battle formations with the River Lys at their backs and stood ready to greet their adversaries. The communal infantry were ordered in four divisions, with three in line and a fourth in reserve positioned to block a sally by the besieged garrison. The soldiers were packed into a dense array, about eight deep, grouped by region and craft so that each man knew his comrades well, a factor understood to enhance morale and cohesion. Their goedendags, supplemented by longer pikes in the foremost row, made a bristling hedge of wood and steel in front of them. Broad rectangular banners marked the positions of the various guilds here a hammer, there a mason’s trowel, over there a ship. Farther forward towards the French, archers and crossbowmen were dispersed. The resolute appearance of the militiamen was enough to give pause to some of their enemies. Ina council of war, one French leader suggested breaking up the Flemish formation with crossbow fire; another advised simply letting the townsmen stay where they were until they were exhausted by standing, fully armed, in the hot sun. The majority, however, saw the situation as an unexpected opportunity to gain a decisive victory of just the sort of which Dubois had lamented the rarity. They insisted on a quick attack, lest the Flemings change their minds. So, early in the afternoon, the crossbowmen of the Capetian host advanced to engage their opposite numbers with long-range missile fire. They had largely succeeded in driving the Flemish skirmishers back behind the shelter of the heavy infantry when Robert of Artois, theFrench commander, ordered his cavalry forward. Aside from their lances and swords and the great helms which covered their entire faces, the French men-at-arms were not equipped very differently from the men who awaited them on foot. There were, however, two critically important distinctions between the forces about to come to blows. First, the men-at-arms, whether knights or esquires, were nobles, members of the second order, the bellatores, whose primary raison d’etre (according to medieval political theory) was making war. Second, they were mounted on large, powerful warhorses, protected by ‘trappers’ of thick-quilted cloth, or even by mail, and painstakingly trained to charge straight forward even into a seemingly solid line of men or other horses. The stallions, like the proud men atop them, had come to assume that infantry would not stand against them, that the wall offlesh and bone which stood facing them would dissolve before they smashed into it. Then, once they had broken into the enemy formation, the men-at-arms would be riding high above a milling mass of panicky shopkeepers and artisans, who would benefit from their numbers no more than a dozen sheep beset by four wolves. The same images would doubtless have run through the minds of many of the militiamen. Yet these were not raw levies with no experience of war, and they knew that, with a river at their backs, they could not save themselves by flight. They had nothing to gain by breaking their formation, and everything to lose, for everyone knew that an unwavering array was the key to victory. So they stood steady in their tightly formed ranks: they stood and watched the chivalry of the most powerful nation in Europe form into line, banners and pennons unfurled, trumpets blaring, steel flashing. It is difficult to imagine the sound of 2,500 heavy horses trotting forward all at once, but surely the thunder of their hooves, blended into a cacophonous din with the war cries of the riders Montjoye! St Denis!-must have struck the motionless infantrymen with an almost physical impact. Some of the knights and esquires may also have had to struggle with fear as they rode forward, locked into their places in the French line, like the men-

at-arms described in the fourteenth-century The Vow of the Heron: When we are in taverns, drinking strong wines, at our sides the ladies we desire, looking on, with their smooth throats. . . their grey eyes shining back with smiling beauty, Nature calls on us to have desiring hearts, to struggle, awaiting [their] thanks at the end. Then we could conquer… Oliver and Roland. But when we are in the field, on our galloping chargers, our shields ’round our necks and lances lowered … and our enemies are approaching us, then we would rather be deep in some cavern. More, however, probably experienced emotions more like those described by Jean de Bueil in the fifteenth century: It is a joyous thing, war. . . You love your comrade so much in war. . . A great sweet feeling of loyalty and of pity fills your heart on seeing your friend so valiantly exposing his body . . . And then you are prepared to go and live or die with him, and for love not to abandon him. And out of that, there arises such a delectation, that he who has not experienced it is not fit to say what delight is. Do you think that a man who does that fears death? Not at all, for he feels so strengthened, so elated, that he does not know where he is. Truly he is afraid of nothing. Caught up both emotionally and physically in the onrush of their line, the French cavalrymen jumped the brooks in front of them at speed, then roared forward. Some stumbled and went down, for the ground was very muddy and criss-crossed with irrigation ditches and trench-naps dug by the Flemings. The horsemen drew nearer and nearer to a collision, accelerating to a gallop from about fifty yards out. When they saw that the line of infantry did not break, did not waver, some of the men-at-arms must have lost their nerve at the last minute, and tried to nun aside before impaling themselves and their hones. Formed as they were into a tight line, however, this would only have produced chaos, for turning aside meant running into their comrades next to them, and perhaps being struck by the second line coming up behind them. Others, confident to the last or simply beyond caring, pressed on until their mounts hit the pikes which the militiamen held with their butts firmly grounded in the earth. Some of the Flemings went down, pierced by a knight’s lance or trampled under a destriers metal-shod hooves, but with eight-deep files the fallen could rapidly be replaced and the line restored. The French charge collapsed into a jumbled mass of screaming horses, cursing men, spraying blood, and splintered wood. After a period of confused melee, the militiamen went over to the attack They outnumbered the cavalrymen several times over, and still had their formation intact; the men-at-arms, on the other hand, were demoralized and had lost their cohesion and momentum. The Frenchmen were driven back, despite a counterattack by their reserve which almost succeeded in turning the tide of the battle. When the retreating horsemen backed up against banks of the brooks which they had crossed with some difficulty in their advance, their situation became desperate. Those who survived soon fled, followed by the panicked footmen of the Capetian host, who had no stomach to face the men who had just defeated their masters. The Flemings pursued on foot as best they could, striking down whatever fugitives they laid their hands on. Over a thousand noble men-at-arms perished in this battle, ‘the glory of France made into dung and worms’, a proportion which would have been considered terribly high even in the American Civil War or the Great War, and which was absolutely stunning in an era more accustomed to the low casualties of battles like Bremule or Lincoln. The large numbers of golden spurs that were collected from the French knights gave the battle its name; at least a thousand noble cavaliers were killed, some contemporary accounts placing the total casualties at over ten thousand dead and wounded. The French spurs were hung in the Church of Our Lady in Kortrijk to commemorate the victory, and were taken back by the French two years later after the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle.Some of the notable casualties:* Robert II, Count of Artois, the French commander* Raoul II of Clermont, Lord of Nesle, Constable of France* Guy I of Clermont, Lord of Breteuil, Marshal of France* Simon de Melun, Lord of La Loupe and Marcheville, Marshal of France* John I of Ponthieu, Count of Aumale* John of Trie, Count of Dammartin* John II of Brienne, Count of Eu* John d’Avesnes, Count of Ostrevant* Godfrey of Brabant, Lord of Aarschot* Jacques de Châtillon, Lord of Leuze* Pierre de Flotte, Chief Advisor to Philip IV the Fair.The battle is more important from the military than the political point of view; for it demonstrated that determined pikemen were more than a match for unsupported cavalry. In the Battle of Courtrai, the civic infantry militias of the allied communes, deployed in a dense, eight-deep formation, soundly defeated the King of France’s knightly army. In the following decades, in what was to become Switzerland, the peasant communities of three mountain and forest cantons defeated the German nobility’s attempt to subjugate them, an achievement that was, of course, facilitated by the nature of the landscape. The mountain people then allied with the city-states of the plain, and the Swiss mass infantry armies, fighting in dense formation, destroyed every knightly force that took the open field against them. In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries these armies would go on to become the supreme infantry and terror of the European battlefields. Though the winning army was well armed, the initial uprising was nonetheless a folk uprising. Eventually, however, the Flemish nobles did take their part in the battle — each of the Flemish leaders were of the nobility or descended from nobility, and some 400 of noble blood did fight on the Flemish side.It represented the first major victory of infantry over mounted warriors since Adrianople, 1,000 years before.

--- 2nd Generation ---

2. Simon II, Count2 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2762) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). AKA: Simon, Châtelain de Bruges (2762) (Abbott, Page 123.). AKA: Simon, Seigneur de Nesle (2762) de Néelle (Abbott, Page 123.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). AKA: Simon II, Seigneur d'Ailly (2762) d'Ailly=d'Ailli (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). Born: before 1212 at France, son of Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2760) and Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle (2761), Simon II was born before his brother Raoul II. Married in Jan 1242 at France: Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury (2763),, daughter of Amaury VI/VII, Count de Montfort (1330) and Béatrix d'Albon-Viennois (1329) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Died: either 1 Feb 1286 or 1288 at France E.S. [via Paul Theroff] and André Roux indicate Simon II died in 1286, but Abbott and theDictionnaire claim he died in 1288.

3. Alix=Adèle2 de Montfort-l'Amaury (2763) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2763). AKA: Alix, Dame de Houdan (2763) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). Born: before 1232, daughter of Amaury VI/VII, Count de Montfort (1330) and Béatrix d'Albon-Viennois (1329), Alix is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Simon II. Married in Jan 1242 at France: Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2762),, son of Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2760) and Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle (2761) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Died: on 28 Mar 1279 at Ile-de-France, France.

--- 3rd Generation ---

This coat of arms is associated with Raoul de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Seigneur d'Ailly-sur-Noye.

Coat of Arm associated with Raoul I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis.

4. Raoul I, Count3 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2760) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 236.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff,posts, 23 April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). AKA: Raoul I, Seigneur d'Ailly-sur-Noye (2760). AKA: Raoul I, Seigneur d'Ailli (2760) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). Born: before 1193 at France, son of Simon, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2758) and Mahaut de Breteuil (2759), Raoul I is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Gertrude. Married before 1203 at France: Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle (2761),, daughter of Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle (4375) and Élisabeth de Lambersart (4376) (Raoul I was Gertrude's second husband. Her male descendants from this marriage became seigneurs de Nesle). Note - on 27 Jul 1214 at Bouvines, France: On 27 July 1214 (a Sunday), Raoul I found himself fighting at Bouvines. In the year of our Lord 1214, on the sixth calend of August, something worthy of remembrance occurred at the bridge of Bouvines, in the confines of the Tournaisis. In this place, on one side, Philip, the noble King of the Franks, had gathered a part of his kingdom. On the other side Otto who, having persisted in the obstinacy of his wickedness, had been deprived of the imperial dignity through the decree of the Holy Church, and his accomplices in wickedness, Ferrand, Count of Flanders, and Renaud, Count of Boulogne, many other barons, and also those receiving a stipend from John, the King of England, had assembled in order, as the events were to show, to fight against the French. Driven

by insatiable hatred, the Flemings, in order to recognize each other more easily, had, while preparing themselves to attack the French, sewn a small signof the cross on the back and front of their coats of arms. But it was much less for the glory and honor of Christ's cross than for the growth of their wickedness, the misfortune and harm of their friends, the misery and damage of their bodies. This was clearly shown by the outcome of the battle. Indeed, they did not remind themselves of the sacred precept of the Church which states: "The one who communicates with an excommunicate is excommunicated." Persisting in their alliance with Otto who, by the judgment and authority of the Pope, had been bound into anathema and had been separated from the faithful of the Holy Mother Church, they were mocking this sentence with impudence and dishonesty. Inflamed by cruelty, they were planning while boasting with each other to reduce to nothing, if they could, the scepter and the crown of royal dignity: However, divine mercy and compassion which everywhere saves and protects its own, disposed of the matter differently. Philip, the very wise king of the Gauls, troubled by the imminent danger he saw his army facing, decided in a prudent and discreet council to withdraw himself and his people from the enemy's aggression if liecould. He gradually retreated. However, seeing that his adversaries were pursuing him terribly, like enraged dogs, and also bearing in mind that he couldnot retreat without too much dishonor, he put his hope in the Lord; he arranged his army into military echelons as is customary for those who are about to fight. But first, with a contrite heart, he addressed a prayer to the Lord. Then having called upon the noblemen of his army, he started to exhort them humbly, modestly, and with tears in his eyes: they should resist the adversaries with virility as their ancestors had been accustomed to doing, and so as not to suffer a loss that neither they nor their heirs could repair. These things, said with so much humility and earnestness, strongly warmed the hearts ofhis audience to act well and fight with virility. As soon as the order of the royal power was heard in the army, tile knights and the auxiliaries, armed and arranged into ordered echelons, prepared ill all haste for the battle. The horses' bridles were tightened by the auxiliaries. The armor shone in the splendor of the sun and it seemed that the light of day was doubled. The banners unfolded in the winds and offered themselves to the currents; they presented a delightful spectacle to the eyes. What then? The armies, thus ordered for battle on each side, entered into combat, full of ardor and desire to fight. But very quickly the dust rose toward the sky in such quantities that it became hard to see and to recognize each other. The first French echelonattacked the Flemings with virility, breaking their echelons by nobly cutting across them, and penetrated their army through all impetuous and tenacious movement. The Flemings, seeing this and defeated in the space of all hour, turned their flacks and quickly took to flight. At this perilous moment, dependants abandoned to distress their lords, their fathers, their sons, and their nephews. However, Ferrand, Count of Flanders, and Renaud, Count of Boulogne, remained in the battle and resisted the onslaught of the French with virile fighting. In the end, they were wounded and taken by the French along with innumerable nobles whose names we will not give; they were jailed in a number of castles in Gaul. As for Otto who, by the authority of the Pope, we refrain from calling Emperor, deprived of everyone's help, thrown three times to the ground from his horse, or rather his horses as some claim,almost alone except for a single count, he hurried to take flight. Thus, surreptitiously fleeing from the King of France's hand, he escaped, vanquished in battle. In this manner, the providence of divine mercy ended this battle which had been fought, as we have said, near the bridge of Bouvines, for the praise and the glory of His Majesty, and for the honor of the Holy Church. May its honor, its virtue, and its power remain through the infinity of centuries to come. Died: on 30 Mar 1226 According to Therefoff's sources Raoul I died in 1226; according to the Dictionnnaire he died at Bouvines (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.).

5. Gertrude, Comtesse3 de Néelle (2761) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 236.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). AKA: Gertrude de Nesle (2761). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2761). Married Name: de Mello (2761). Born: before 1171 at France, daughter of Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle (4375) and Élisabeth de Lambersart (4376), If the sources claiming this Gertrude was the mother of Baudouin are correct, then she is is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when her son, Baudouin, was born. MaterAlter: before 1173 Baudouin, Burggrave de Doornick (14395)/Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle (2761). Married before 1200 at France: Renaud de Mello (14135) (Renaud was Gertrude's first husband). Married before 1203 at France: Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2760),, son of Simon, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2758) and Mahaut de Breteuil (2759) (Raoul I was Gertrude's second husband. Her male descendants from this marriage became seigneurs de Nesle). Died: after Jun 1239.

This coat of arms is associated with Amaury VI/VII, Comte de Montfort.

This coat of arms is associated also with Amaury VI/VII, Comte de Montfort.

6. Amaury VI/VII, Count3 de Montfort (1330) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 16 July 1994 at 16:00 Hours.). AKA: Amaury, Comte de Toulouse (1330). AKA: Amaury VII, Duc de Narbonne (1330). Born: in 1192 at France, son of Simon IV/V, Count de Montfort (3203) and Alix de Montmorency (3207), Amaury VI was alive in the year 1213. Some sources refer to this Amaury as Amaury VII. Note - between 1192 and 1240 at France: Amaury VI was the prime military officer of France. Amaury was unsuccessful in his attempts to maintain his father's work in Languedoc. Thus, he lost the Count-ship of Toulouse and yielded his rights to King Louis VII of France. He was then appointed Constable of France. He also surrendered all of the family's English estates to his brother, Simon (Abbott, Page 48.). Married in 1214 at Carcassonne, Aude, Languedoc, France: Béatrix d'Albon-Viennois (1329),, daughter of André dit Guigues VI, Comte d'Albon (1326) and Béatrix, Countess de Sabran (4221). Note - between 5 Jun 1215 and 22 Aug 1216 at Beaucaire, Languedoc, France: Amaury VI/VII was at the Siege of Beaucaire.Siege of Beaucaire: 5 June 1215 - 22 August 1216The Castle of Beaucaire was built over the site of the Roman Ugernum and was later the Merovingian capital of Pagus Argenteus - The Land of Silver. Itoverlooks the River Rhône, the traditional border with Provence, with Tarascon lying on the Provençal side. It was here, in an eleventh century castle, that King Richard I of England gave his sister Jeanne of England in marriage to Raymond VI of Toulouse; and it was here, a year later, in July 1197 that Jeanne gave birth to Raymondet, the future Count Raymond VII of Toulouse.

During the Albigensian Crusades which started a decade later, Beaucaire fell to the French Catholic Crusaders. As elsewhere in the Midi, the inhabitantsloathed their new masters. Even after Pope Innocent III purported to dispossess Raymond VI as Count of Toulouse and confirmed Simon de Montfort ashis replacement at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1216, they would still wholeheartedly support their sovereign Count against the combined might of western Christendom. The pope had reserved Provence, including Beaucaire, for the young Raymond, but Simon de Montfort did not always obey God's representative on Earth, if the pope's instructions did not suit his own interests.Raymondet would have to take Beaucaire by force from the crusader army. Raymond VI and Raymondet travelled separately from the Fourth Lateran Council to Genoa. There they met up and rode together to Marseilles where they were heartened by their welcome and the words of a loyal delegation from Avignon. Raymond VI now carried on for Aragon to talkto his allies there. Raymondet left for Beaucaire. It was on the way that Guy de Cavaillon spoke these famous words about paratge - the high civilisation of the Midi - to the young Raymondet: "...the Count of Montfort who destroys men, he and the Church at Rome and the preachers are covering paratge with shame. They have cast it down from its high place, and if you do not raise it up, it will vanish for ever. If worth and paratge do not rise again through you, then paratge will die - with it the whole world will die. You are the true hope of all paratge and the choice is yours: either you show valour, or paratge dies!" (The Song of the Crusade(Canso de la crozada), Laisse ???)Raymondet replied that any leopard that attacked him would find that he was fighting a lion, and so it was to prove. In late April 1216 Raymond, just 18 years old, began his siege of Beaucaire, attracting supporting forces from far and wide. The French defenders were lead by Lambert de Croissy (now "Lambert de Limoux") but their position was difficult since, without hesitation, the population opened the gates of the town to their sovereign's son. "Our dear Lord is entering the town in joy, and now we shall be rid of the Barrois and the French!" (The Canso de la crozada laisse 156. Barrois were vassals of the Count of Bar). As in many places, the castle at Beaucaire was a sort of citadel within a fortified town. (You can see a good example of this common design, still surviving, at Carcassonne). The French rode out of the castle to regain the town, but the fighting was intense. Raymondet's forces, shouting their war-cry "Tolosa!", were well prepared: "Darts, lances and stones they flung, bolts, arrows, axes, hatchets; they fought with spears, with swords, with clubs and staves. They pressed de Montfort's men so hard, levering dressed stones down onto them from the windows, shattering shield bosses and poitrels, delivering mortal blows, that they put them to flight and forced them to take unwilling refuge in the castle" (The Song of the Crusade laisse 156). The Barrois and the French were now confined, but safe enough from further attack. Raymondet had a palisade built to neutralize the French cavalry. Trapped in the castle, war horses - and knights - were useless. Raymond Gaucelm gave Raymondet some advice, to build a new wall with brattices and a barbican, with a catapult at each opening. As so often during this period, the dedication of the meridional forces was striking. Knightscarried infill to build the walls, rare enough in itself, but so did their ladies. Noble girls carried timber and dressed stone.

Then Raymondet built a battering ram to assault the castle. Guy de Montfort and Amaury de Montfort (Simon's bother and son) arrived to assist the French troops and relieve the castle. By the time they got there Raymondet was well entrenched in the town with his additional defences. Worse still for the French, Raymondet was still building, not just fortifications, but mangonels, bitches (gousas - similar to mangonels) and other siege weapons. Lambert de Limoux, isolated in the castle, could only watch as Raymondet's troops fetched more stones. They were building a wall outside the castle's outer walls to contain it and isolate it from the rest of the town.On 5 June 1215 Simon de Montfort himself arrived from Paris with fresh troops and mercenaries, but no siege engines. Inside the town, Raymondet was already using his massive iron-capped battering ram to smash down the walls of the citadel. His forces had supplies. So did de Montfort's Crusader army outside. Lambert and his men inside the citadel did not. Simon de Montfort tried to take the town, apparently in open battle. As the The Song of the Crusade, laisse 161 tells us: “ ... Then came the roar of shouting and the charge; joyfully the horns rang out; trumpets and shrill clarions resounded all along the riverbank and field. The crusaders spurred, and charged as one into the thickest of the array, but the men of Beaucaire took their assault well. Now came the clash of blades from Cologne and twice-tempered steel, of round headed maces and chilled javelins, well-honed axes and shining shields, came flights of darts, arrows and polished quarrels, feathered shafts and brandished spears, came brave knights, alert and active, sergeants, archers eagerly advancing, and the other companies, keen to strike hard. On all sides the rush and crash of men and weapons shook the field, riverbankand the solid ground. Count Simon, Sir Alan [de Roucy] and Sir Foucaud [de Berzey] with Sir Guy [de Montfort] and Sir Peter Mir bore the shock of the encounter. What damaged hauberks you would have seen there, what good shields cracked and broken, what fists, legs and feet cut off, what spattered blood and skulls split apart! Even the simplest mind could not but feel it. But the men of Beaucaire had the upper hand and drove the crusaders down the beaten track; although they resisted strongly and there was not much pursuit. Many were the horses you would have seen running loose, iron-clad, riderless, their masters fallen and killed...”Both sides retired - the Crusaders to their encampment, Raymondet's forces to the town. Simon de Montfort held a council of war. As well as his nobles he had three bishops and as the Song of the Crusade laisse 162 puts it "I don't know how many abbots". Raymondet seems to have held his own Council, but without the aid of senior Churchmen - a disadvantage, for at this period Catholic churchmen were the recognized masters of siege engineering. Simon de Montfort decided to build siege engines - a belfry and a cat "built of iron, timber and leather" and manned day and night. He also built a catapult to shoot all day at the town's gateway. On his side Raymondet decided to cut off water supplies to de Montfort's forces ( Lambert's of course were already isolated from all water supplies). Simon's catapult was a real threat, but his belfry and cat seem to have had little impact: "... these have no more effect than an enchanter's dream, they are a spider's web and a sheer waste of material. His catapult, though, throws strongly and is breaking down the whole gateway...". Simon de Montfort needed a quick victory. Ravens and vultures circled his men in the summer heat. Famously, the defenders in the citadel raised a black flag, the traditional flag of the Angel of Death, to signal to de Montfort that they could not hold out much longer. More Councils of war followed. Simon de Montfort's troops and Simon himself started to wonder how God could fail to support him, when the Catholic Church was so clearly behind him. They also started to think about Raymondet's high birth - they recalled that Richard Coeur de Lion was his uncle and Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, his ancestor. In medieval society this counted for much. Perhaps they were fighting on the wrong side. French crusaders started to desert, while fresh local reinforcements continued to join Raymondet.The people of Beaucaire worked to overcome the Crusaders in the citadel, using their battering ram.: "... long, straight, sharp and shod with iron; it thrust, carved and smashed till the wall was breached and many of the dressed stones thrown down. When the besieged Crusaders saw that, they did not panic but made a rope lasso and used a device to fling it so that they caught and held the ram's head, to the rage of all in Beaucaire. Then the engineer who had set up the battering ram arrived. He and his men slipped secretly into the rock itself [presumably the hole already made by the ram], intending to break through the wall with their sharp picks. But when the men in the keep realized this, they cast down fire, sulfur and tow together in a piece of cloth and let it down on a chain. When the fire caught and the sulfur ran, the flames and stench so stupefied them that not one of them could stay there. Then they used their stone throwers and broke down the beams and palisades." (The Song of the Crusade, laisse 164). Food and water hadrun out in Lambert's citadel. One of the commanders waved a napkin and an empty bottle to signify their distress. This invited another attack on the townby de Montfort, but he was again unsuccessful. The slaughter was massive. Afterwards Sir Alain de Roucy ventured a joke: "By God, Sir Count, we can set up a butcher's shop! Our sharp swords have won us so much meat, it won't cost a penny to feed the cat". But Simon was not amused. As the weeks stretched into months, between these large-scale encounters his men were being picked off by crossbowmen and his supplies were running low even outside the town: "Our stores and granaries are empty, we haven't a sack of any kind of grain, and our horses are so hungry they're eating wood and the

bark of trees". Again, questions were asked about why God was supporting the wrong side. The mood darkened and there was talk of having to eat the horses and then of having to eat each other. As Simon was conducting yet another Council of War a beggar burst in, shouting that he had seen a weasel. This was disturbing news. A weasel was a siege engine - similar to a cat, but smaller. The weasel was already against the citadel wall and readyto drive a spike into it. Once again the French engineers were up to the job. The chief engineer hurled a pot of molten pitch, hitting the weasel in exactly the right spot. It burst into flames. Another pitched battle followed, again Simon de Montfort failing to carry the day. He called yet another Council of War. His position was parlous. If he carried on he would certainly fail and his garrison in the citadel would perish. Yet if he lifted the siege, his reputation, credibility and future would all be called into question. Sir Hugh de Lacy pointed up the unique situation: "I have never seen a siege like this one: the besieged are happy, sheltered and at ease, they have good bread, fresh water, good beds and lodging, and Genestet wine [a local wine] on tap, whereas we're out here exposed to every danger, with nothing to call our own but heat, sweat and dust, muddy watered wine and hard bread made without salt ..." (Canso de la crozada 169).In late August 1216, one final battle was planned, this time with a surprise ambush, but once again the enterprise failed. After another scene of carnage, this time with hot lime being thrown down from the parapets, Simon addressed his barons: "My lords, God has shown me by the clearest evidence that I am out of my mind. Once I was rich, great and valiant, but now my affairs have turned to nothing, for now neither force, cunning nor courage can rescue my men or get them out of Beaucaire. Yet if I abandon the siege so shamefully, all over the world they will call me recreant." His men in the citadel were dying now, and there was nothing he could do about it. Through Sir Dragonet, an intermediary, Simon de Montfort parleyed with the young Raymondet. Raymondet held the whip hand. He could afford to wait until Lambert's men died or surrendered, and until de Montfort's men slunk off in disgrace. More gracious than he needed to be, Raymondet let the dying garrison go free allowing Simon to lift his siege with a vestige of honor. Nevertheless, this eventmarked the beginning of the end for de Montfort. Heartened by events at Beaucaire the City of Toulouse had rebelled and expelled the French invaders. Even now local men, women and children were rebuilding their city walls - a massive feat of engineering that no-one had thought possible in the time available. Simon would now have to besiege the city, and he would die outside the city walls there within two years, as brave as ever, commanding another unsuccessful siege. As for Raymondet, he had earned his spurs. Now aged 19 he had already exceeded the military prowess of his sixty year old father. The flower of paratge was in full bloom. The writer of the Canso de la crozada, gave him a review at laisse 171 that any Medieval reader would have regarded as the very highest praise: "... Beaucaire remained in the hands of Raymond, Count, Marquis and Duke, for he was a valiant, wise and clever man, courteous, of excellent lineage and powerful kin, related to the noble House of France and to the good king of England." Despite his military prowess, Raymondet - the future Raymond VII, had no way to fight against the papal arsenal of other weapons. By diplomacy and the simple expedient of denying him a divorce, the pope ensured that Raymond's territories would pass by inheritance to the King of France.

Note - between 13 Sep 1217 and 22 Jul 1218 at Toulouse, Languedoc, France: Amaury VI/VII saw his father Simon IV die during the Siege of Toulouse.13 Sep 1217 – 22 Jul 1218 – Second Siege of Toulouse. Like most towns, Toulouse was defended by city walls with a seigniorial castle providing a second line of defence. The castle of the Counts of Toulouse was on the west side of the city, and known as the Château Narbonnais. The City was repeatedly besieged, and repeatedly withstood the Catholic Crusaders, though it had to be surrendered under treaties of surrender.William of Puylaurens covered events relating to the history of Languedoc from the twelfth century to the mid-1270s.àThe section below begins with the future Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, laying siege to the crusader-held fortress of Beaucaire in 1216.à Events seem to turn against Simon de Montfort, leader of the crusading forces, and he begins a siege of the city of Toulouse, which lasts from October 1217 to July 1218.à This siege ends with the death of Simon. This text is from The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and its Aftermath, trans. W.A. Sibly and M.D. Sibly (Boydell, 2003).àSimon first besieged Toulouse in 1211, but failed to take it. From 16 to 29 June 1211, Simon de Montfort besieges the City of Toulouse, without success. In May, 1215, the city of Toulouse surrendered to Simon de Montfort.September to October 1216: “So, after his reception by the citizens of Avignon and the people of Venaissin, the son of the Count of Toulouse entered the town of Beaucaire in strength, with the support of the inhabitants, and laid siege to the crusader garrison in the castle. He invested the castle from all sides, by land and from the river Rhone, so that no one could leave and no relief could reach the garrison from outside. Count Simon [de Montfort] rushed to besiege the besiegers, but after eating their horses and running completely out of supplies the garrison surrendered the castle to their enemies, having received guarantees that their lives would be spared. As his efforts had come to nothing Count Simon raised the siege of the town. Asa consequence many who had concealed their opposition to him lifted up their horns, and numerous strongholds and towns at once joined his enemies. For the citizens of Toulouse, whose hostages had already returned home, as I reported above, refused to submit to masters whose rule was overweening and took refuge in a form of disobedience. They bore with difficulty the yoke which undermined the liberty to which they were accustomed.Accordingly Count Simon – fearful that if he took no steps to suppress them they would become as a swelling tumour, decided to oppose them with armed force and punish their arrogance severely.”12th September 1217. Raymond VI of Toulouse re-enters the City of Toulouse over the Bazacle (the ancient ford over the Garonne) to the delight of the population. Simon de Montfort's family are trapped within the Château Narbonnais. “So, in the year 1216, the Count entered the Cité with a large armed force.à He started fires in several places hoping that the citizens would be put in dread by a double storm, of fire and sword, and thus be more readily thrown into confusion.à The Toulousians met force with force, they placed wooden beams and wine casks in the streets and repulsed the attackers.à All night long they had no rest from fighting fire or the enemy. In the morning the venerable father Bishop Fulk took with him some of the citizens, and in the hope of adverting the impending dangers, mediated between the two parties to secure an agreed peace and sought to blunt the sharp edge of steel with silver.à The Count's resources had been exhausted by the expenditure he had incurred at Beaucaire, and he had no money.à Seizing on this some of his associates, claiming that it would be of his advantage, urged him to claimcompensation of thirty thousand marks, from the Cité and the Bourg – an amount they could well afford – as a means of enabling them to gain the Count's favor.à He willingly fell in with this counsel of Achitofel, and, blinded by money, did not see the dangers that might result.à For those who gave this advice well knew that levying this sum would result in much wrong being done, to the community as a whole and to individuals; this would drive the Toulousains to aspire to their erstwhile freedoms and recall their former lord. When the levy came to be collected it was exacted with a harsh and cruel pressure; not only were pledges demanded, but the doorways of houses were marked with signs.à There were many instances of this harsh treatment which it would take too long to describe in detail, as the people groaned under the yoke of servitude. Meanwhile the Toulousains engaged in secret discussion with their old Count [Raymond VI], who was travelling in Spain, concerning his possible return to Toulouse, so that their wishes might be fulfilled.”From 13 September 1217 to 22 July 1218. Second Siege of the City of Toulouse. Stung by the humiliation of losing Toulouse, Simon de Montfort besieges the city again, without success. He dies during the siege, on 25th June 1218, hit on the head by a stone from a trebuchet, to the great rejoicingof the besieged, and the whole of the Midi.“So in the year 1217, whilst Count Simon was engaged in a long struggle with Adhemar of Poitiers on the east side of the Rhone, the Count of Toulouse took advantage of the opportunity so created to cross the Pyrenees and enter Toulouse, not by bridge bit by the ford under the Bazacle.à This was in September.à He was accompanied by the Counts of Comminges and Palhars and a few knights.à Few people were aware of his arrival; some were pleased, others who judged the likely future turn of events by what had happened in the past, were displeased.à Some of the latter therefore retired to the Chateau Narbonnais with the French, others to the Bishop's house or the cloister of St. Stephen or the monastery of Saint-Sernin; the Count persuaded them to return to him after a few days, by threats or flattery.à The Count Guy, who was in the area, tried to suppress this latest insurrection by force but was repulsed and could not achieve his aims. In the meantime, whilst Count Simon, currently engaged in besieging Crest, was being apprised of these events, the citizens began to cut off access from the Chateau Narbonnais to the Cité, with pales and stakes, large wooden beams andditches, starting at the rampart known as le Touzet and going as far as the rampart of St James.à Count Simon now arrived with Cardinal Bertrand, who had been sent as legate by the Supreme Pontiff Honorius, attacked the city with a strong force, but the citizens defended themselves courageously and his efforts were in vain.à Then siege-engines were erected on all sides of the city, and a bombardment of mill-stones and other heavy stones was begun. Meanwhile the legate sent Lord Fulk, the Bishop of Toulouse, to France to preach the cross; with him were others entrusted with the same mission including Master Jacques de Vitry, a man of outstanding honour, learning and eloquence, who later became Bishop of Acre and then a cardinal of the Church of Rome.à The lord Bishop of Toulouse once spoke to me of Master Jacques, who had told him that he had been enjoined in a dream by a vision of St. Saturnin, the first Bishop of Toulouse, to preach against his people; he referred the matter to the Bishop and asked him if there had at onetime been a priest at Toulouse called Saturnin - he had not previously known this. The preaching mission resulted in a great many men taking up the cross; these came to take part in the siege of Toulouse in the following spring, and the Bishop returned to the army with them.à Count Simon now donated to the Bishop and his successors as bishops of Toulouse in perpetuity the castrum of Verfeil, with all the towns and forts which belonged to it and which contained twenty hearths of less; the count retained nothing, and imposed only one condition that if he were ever to become involved in warfare on open ground in the territory of Verfeil, the Bishop would provide him with one armed knight. The labour of battle oppressed the besieged

and the besiegers alike throughout the winter, as they fought with siege-engines and the other instruments of war.à Count Simon, now strengthened by the presence of the newly arrived crusaders, harried his enemies, less by direct attacks on the walls of the town than by excursions around it (which the citizens hindered by erecting barriers and digging ditches).à At last it was decided to construct a wooden engine of the type known as a 'cat', which would enable his men to bring up earth and wood to fill up the ditches; once the ditches had been levelled they would be able to engage the enemy at close quarters and effect an entry into town after breaking up the wooden barriers opposing them. However the Count [Simon] was worn out by his labours, despondent and weakened and exhausted by the drain on his resources; nor did he easily bear the prick of constant accusations be the legate that he was unthinking and remiss.à Whence, it is said, he began to pray to God to give him peace by the remedy of death.à One day, the day after the feast of St John the Baptist, he went into the cat, and a stone thrown from an enemy mangonel fell on his head; he died at once.à The news reached thecitizens inside Toulouse that day, and they did not hold back from showing their delight by shouts of rejoicing, whilst on the other side there was great sadness.à Indeed the citizens were in great distress through fear of an imminent attack; moreover they had few remaining supplies and little hope of gathering their harvest that summer. So, the man who inspired terror from the Mediterranean to the British sea fell by a blow from a single stone; at his fall those who had previously stood firm fell down.à In him who was a good man, the insolence of his subordinates was thrown down.à I affirm that later Iheard the Count of Toulouse (the last of his line) generously praise him - even though he was his enemy - for his fidelity, his foresight, his energy and allthe qualities which befit a leader.”16th of June - 1st of August 1219. Third Siege of the City of Toulouse, this time by Prince Louis, the future French King Louis IX (Saint Louis), again without success.

Note - between Oct 1218 and Jun 1219 at Marmande, Languedoc, France: Amaury VI/VII fought in the Battle of Armande.Siege of Marmande: October 1218 – June 1219.Marmande was a bastide founded about 1195 on the site of a more ancient town by King Richard I (Coeur de Lion or Lionheart). Its position on the banks of the Garonne made it an important place of toll. It soon passed into the hands of the counts of Toulouse, and was three times besieged and taken during the Albigensian CrusadeIn June 1219, the town had already been besieged for weeks by Amaury de Montfort when Louis, King Philippe Auguste’s son, arrived. Louis had been in England - and well on the way to winning the throne of England - largely at the invitation of the barons who had had enough of King John. But when John had died suddenly in October 1216, the incomparable William Marshal had stepped in as Regent for the infant King of England, Henry III. Not evenkings relished the prospect of facing William Marshal and the whole purpose of Louis' presence in England was now gone. The young Louis was wise enough to make peace with and withdraw after a couple of quick but severe maulings at the hands of Marshal.After having captured La Rochelle from the English King, Louis set about to attack the Albigensians in Toulouse with the blessing of the Pope. Now Louis was in the Languedoc, a much better prospect for plunder having been exhausted by years of war waged by the French Catholic armies. He arrived at Marmande , a possession of the Comte de Toulouse, with 20 bishops, 30 counts, 600 knights and 10,000 foot soldiers in June, 1219. On the orders of the Comte Raimond VI, Marmande was being defended by Centulle, Comte d’Astarac, and the magnates Arnold de Blanquefort and Guillaume-Arnold de Tantalon with a large complement of knights. After several days of assault by Louis, the defenders surrendered thinking they wouldbe spared as prisoners. The city of some 7,000 people fell after the first assault, and was sacked. The massacre that followed shocked even the crusaders' own allies. Only Centulle and his immediate subordinates were taken alive, and then sent to Puylaurens and held until they could be exchanged for prisoners held by the other side. Even while discussion about their fate were taking place, and the townspeople had long since ceased toresist, the very valiant heroic crusaders of French nobility set upon the inhabitants and butchered them regardless of age or sex. About 5,000 civilians were thus slaughtered in the Name of God. Here is a contemporary account from the Song of the Cathar Wars (laisse 212): …terror and massacre began;à Lords, ladies and their little children,Men and women stripped naked,

All were slashed and cut to shreds by keen edged swords.à Flesh, blood, brains, torsos, Limbs and faces hacked in two; Lungs, livers and guts torn out and thrown away - Laying on the open ground As if they had rained down from the heavens.à Marshland and firm ground, all was red with blood.à Not a man or woman was left alive, neither young nor old, No living creature, except perhaps some well-hidden infant.à Marmond was razed and set alightVery soon afterwards the king [Louis] left ààààfor Toulouse. Note - between 10 Jun 1226 and 13 Sep 1226 at Avignon, Languedoc, France: Amaury VI/VII participated in the slaughter of Avignon's residents.10 June – 13 September 1226.Avignon, written in the form of Avennio in the ancient texts and inscriptions, takes its name from the House, or Clan, Avennius [d'Arbois de Jubainville, "Recherches sur l'origine de la propriété foncière et des noms des lieux habités en France" (Paris,1890), 518]. Founded by theCavari, who were of Celtic origin, it became the centre of an important Phocaean colony from Marseilles. Under the Roman occupation, it was one of the most flourishing cities of Gallia Narbonensis; later, and during the inroads of the barbarians, it belonged in turn to the Goths, the Burgundians, the Ostrogoths, and to the Frankish kings of Austrasia. In 736 it fell into the hands of the Saracens, who were driven out by Charles Martel. Boso having been proclaimed King of Provence, or of Arles, by the Synod of Mantaille, at the death of Louis the Stammerer (879), Avignon ceased to belong to the Frankish kings. In 1033, when Conrad II fell heir to the Kingdom of Arles, Avignon passed to the empire. The German rulers, however, being at a distance, Avignon took advantage of their absence to set up as a republic with a consular form of government, between 1135 and 1146. In addition to the emperor, the Counts of Forcalquier, Toulouse and Provence exercised a purely nominal sway over the city; on two occasions, in 1125, and in 1251, the two latter divided theirrights in regard to it, while the Count of Forcalquier resigned any that he possessed to the bishops and consuls in 1135. On Sunday, 30 November 1225, at Bourges, in a scenario all too familiar, fourteen archbishops, one hundred and thirteen bishops, and one hundred and fifty abbots, all fretting about the persistence of heresy and the reinvigoration of the southern nobility, excommunicated Raimon VII and proclaimed the continuation of the crusade. Aimery de Montfort had, by this time, ceded all his (somewhat brittle) rights to the king of France, Louis VIII. So, with the financial and moral aid of the new papal legate to France, Roman Frangipani, Louis VIII prepared to invade the Midi for a third time. Royal prestige, and the efficient bureaucracy established by Philip II Augustus, sufficed to persuade enough barons of France to join their king at Lyon in June 1226 for what would be a majestic campaign of conquest. This royal host was easily twice the size of the crusading army of 1209. The king captured Avignon in September 1226, then proceeded to march toward Toulouse. During the crusade against the Albigenses the citizens refused to open the gates of Avignon to Louis VIII and the legate, but capitulated after a three months' siege (10 June - 13 September, 1226) and were forced to pull down the ramparts and fill up the moat of their city. Louis VIII, after his initial delay at Avignon, hastily occupied the possessions of the Trencavels along the Aude, but before he could strengthen his position, the thirty-nine-year-old king died (from an illness he caught during the Avignon siege) on Sunday, 8 November 1226, at Montpensier. "Rome, you killed good King Louis," no question about it, so the Toulousain troubadour Guilhem Figueira sang in his bitter and angry sirventes (an overtly satirical canso) a few years later, "because, with your false preaching, you lured him away from Paris." The death of Louis VIII did not end the war in thesouth. The king had installed sénéchaux and baillis, royal administrators, in his newly acquired lands and had reorganized (along northern French lines) the territories ceded to him by Aimery de Montfort as the sénéchaussées of Beaucaire-Nîmes and Carcassonne-Béziers. All this royal domain was placed firmly under the control of his cousin Imbert de Beaujeu and protected by five hundred northern French knights. The crusade, as undertaken by Imbert de Beaujeu, became an exercise in the gradual exhaustion of Raimon VII and the county of Toulouse. It was a campaign of one small atrocity after another, of a vineyard burnt here, of a field destroyed there, of hamlets razed, of men and women murdered. The castra of the Toulousain and the Lauragais were especially hurt by Imbert de Beaujeu.96 Finally, Raimon VII, badly in debt, starved of resources, and fighting a losing battle against the éclat of the French crown, was offered the chance for peace--which he gladly took in 1229. On Holy Thursday, 12 April 1229, the Peace of Paris, whosetwenty-two articles had already been accepted by an ecclesiastical concilium at Meaux in January 1229, officially ended the Albigensian Crusade. The thirty-one-year-old Raimon VII swore submission to the Church and to the not yet fifteen-year-old Louis IX.99 He had to dismiss all mercenaries, removeany Jews in his service, and, from then on, confiscate the property of anyone who remained excommunicated for more than a year.100 This last clause particularly affected the numerous southern nobles, knights, and other persons exiled from their properties whom the northern French called faidits--rebel, heretical sympathizer, fugitive, and criminal all at once.101 The count of Toulouse, though no longer an ex-communicant or faidit himself, forfeited to the French crown over two- thirds of the lands formerly held by his father. Raimon VII, as a vassal of the French king, was permitted to keep most of the diocese of Toulouse, including the Lauragais, the Albigeois north of the Tarn, the Rouergue, Quercy (but not Cahors), and the Agenais. The marquisate of Provence, east of the Rhône, however, was surrendered to the Church (though it would be returned to Raimon VII in 1234). In Toulouse itself the Château Narbonnais was to be occupied by the French crown for ten years.Philip the Fair, who had inherited from his father all the rights of Alphonse de Poitiers, last Count of Toulouse, made them over to Charles II, King of Naples and Count of Provence (1290); it was on the strength of this donation that Queen Joan sold the city to Clement VI for 80,000 florins (9 June, 1348). Note - between 14 Sep 1239 and 1241: Amaury VI went on the Crusade of 1239 and never returned.Crusade: 14 September 1239 - 23 August 1244. Theobald [Thibaut] IV, Count of Champagne [He was also Teobaldo I, King of Navarre] and Richard,Earl of Cornwall [brother of King Henry III of England] organized a crusade in 1239, the Barons’ Crusade, against Ayyubid Sultans of Cairo (Egypt) and Damascus Falling between the Sixth and Seventh traditionally numbered crusades, are two expeditions, one arriving in the Levant in 1239, and the other in 1241. They overlap as to their impact in the Levant, but usually are not designated as a major 'crusade'. Combined, they can be seen as follow-on expeditions that merely extended, only partially, the achievements of Emperor Frederick II's Sixth Crusade. In France, Theobald, of Champagne was preparing to go on Crusade in 1229. Accompanying Theobald were the French nobles Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy; Henry, Count of Bar; Amaury, de Montfort; and the lord of Clermont. The Pope wanted the crusade to go to the aid of troubled Latin kingdom at Constantinople. Theobald rejected going to Constantinople (With French assistance, another 'crusade' expedition was sent that sustained Latin Constantinople's existence a few years longer). His crusade reached Acre 14 September 1239.Theobald found division among the Latin communities in Palestine, and within the Muslim Ayyubid dynasty -- two factions, one at Damascus and one at Cairo were at war. Instead of taking advantage of the division among the Muslims, Theobald set out against both. As Theobald began to fortify Ascalon, his French nobles became restless for action and thought they could conduct some easy, low risk raids. Peter of Dreux led about 200 French knights in a successful ambush of a non-military Muslim convoy en route to Damascus. This encouraged other nobles to try the same. Henry of Bar led about 500

knights and some infantry in a raid on a Muslim camp near Gaza. This, however, was largely a military camp and had outposts that alerted the camp of the threat. The Muslims placed crossbowmen on sand dunes that surrounded the Crusaders. In the ensuing battle many of the Christians were killed or captured -- Henry of Bar and lord of Clermont was killed, Amaury de Montfort was captured (Amaury de Montfort was the son of the Simon of the Albigsian Crusade. After being freed from captivity, Amaury died in 1241, at Otranto, Italy, while returning to France). Soon after, a Muslim army attacked Jerusalem and stormed the Tower of David. Theobald and his French tried negotiating with Sultan As-Salih of Damascus. As-Salih was at oddswith his nephew, the new ruler of Egypt, and was receptive to an alliance with the Christians. However, when a combined army met at Jaffa, the Muslim forces from Damascus "melted away" before any assault was launched on Egypt. Theobald then began negotiations with the Egyptians. In this, he managed to win a promise for the return of parts of Palestine. Then he departed with the King of Navarre and count of Brittany just little over a week before the arrival of the English Earl Richard of Cornwall.Richard, Earl of Cornwall arrived at Acre in October 1240 with 800 knights, and with the support of his brother-in-law, Emperor Frederick II, to make whatever agreement Richard thought best. Richard was joined by the duke of Burgundy and some of the French who remained. Richard immediately renounced the Crusaders' former treaty with Damascus, and began concentrated negotiations with the Sultan of Egypt. Richard essentially was able to confirm what Count Theobald had sought, and what was a slight extension of concessions that Frederick II had obtained in the earlier treaty. The Muslims agreed to return the remainder of Galilee, including Mount Tabor, and the castle and town of Tiberias. Richard was to make himself quite popular in Europe for also negotiating the release of the French knights taken captive at Gaza. Richard of Cornwall completed rebuilding the citadel at Ascalon, and departed in May 1241. The gains won by these two 'low-keyed crusades' were lost a few years later. The barons of the Latin domains in the Levant again formed an alliance with Damascus, and against the Sultan of Egypt. This time the allies of the Egyptian Sultan, the Khorezmian Turks, swept down from the north and broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The Latin garrison surrendered on 23 August 1244. In the same year the coalition army of Christian and Muslims of Damascus were disastrously beaten near the town of La Forbie, northeast of Gaza. It was as great a defeat as had been Hattin (1187). Died: in 1241 at Otranto, Italy, Dying on his return from the misgotten Crusade of 1239 after having been captured in the Gaza desert, Amaury never returned hom.

7. Béatrix3 d'Albon-Viennois (1329) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 168.). Married Name: de Montfort (1329). AKA: Béatrix d'Albon (1329). AKA: Béatrix du Viennois (1329). AKA: Béatrix de Bourgogne (1329) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Born: in 1205 at France, daughter of André dit Guigues VI, Comte d'Albon (1326) and Béatrix, Countess de Sabran (4221). Marriedin 1214 at Carcassonne, Aude, Languedoc, France: Amaury VI/VII, Count de Montfort (1330),, son of Simon IV/V, Count de Montfort (3203) and Alix de Montmorency (3207). Died: after 1248 at France.

--- 4th Generation ---

8. Simon, Count4 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2758) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 164.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, TomeIV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). AKA: Simon, Seigneur d'Ailly-sur-Noye (2758) Simon became Seigneur d'Ailly by right from his mother-in-law. AKA: Simon, Seigneur de Néelle (2758) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). Born: between 1143 and 1158 at France, son of Renaud II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2754) and Clémence de Bar-le-Duc (2757). Married before 1192 at France: Mahaut de Breteuil (2759),, daughter of Valéran III, Seigneur de Breteuil (1597) and Holdeburge, Dame d'Ailly-sur-Noye (9695).

9. Mahaut4 de Breteuil (2759) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 164.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2759). AKA: Mathilde, Dame d'Ailly-sur-Noye (2759). Born: before 1163, daughter of Valéran III, Seigneur de Breteuil (1597) and Holdeburge, Dame d'Ailly-sur-Noye (9695). Married before 1192 at France: Simon, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2758),, son of Renaud II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2754) and Clémence de Bar-le-Duc (2757). Died: on 14 Mar 1208 at France.

10. Jean I, Seigneur4 de Nesle (4375) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). AKA: Jean, Châtelain de Bruges (4375). AKA: Jean I, Seigneur de Falvy (4375). Born: before 1154, son of Raoul II de Nesle (4373) and Gertrude d'Alsace (4374). Married before 1170 at France: Élisabeth de Lambersart (4376),, daughter of Johan I van Peteghem (12573) and Pétronelle d'Avesnes (12574). Died: between 1197 and 1214 Some sources indicate Jean I died between 1197 and 1200, others cite he died in the year 1214 and Abbott indicates he died circa 1204(Abbott, Page 123.).

11. Élisabeth4 de Lambersart (4376) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: de Nesle (4376). AKA: Elizabeth van Peteghem (4376). Born: before 1153 at France, daughter of Johan I van Peteghem (12573) and Pétronelle d'Avesnes (12574). Married before 1170 at France: Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle (4375),, son of Raoul II de Nesle (4373) and Gertrude d'Alsace (4374). Died: after 1237 Élisabeth was alive in the year 1237.

This coat of arms is associated with Simon IV/V, Comte de Montfort.

The Seal (sceaux) of Simon IV/V de Montfort, 1211. Archives Nationales (Paris)

Catalog number: D708

12. Simon IV/V, Count4 de Montfort (3203) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted under Subject "Montfort" on 26 February 1994 at 23:12 Hours.). AKA: Simon IV, Comte de Toulouse (3203). AKA: Simon IV, Duke de Narbonne (3203). AKA: Simon IV, Seigneur des Bordes (3203). AKA: Simon IV, Seigneur de Bonnelles (3203). AKA: Simon IV, Seigneur d'Épernon (3203). AKA: Simon IV, Seigneur de Conflans (3203). AKA: SimonIV, Seigneur de Bardelle (3203). Born: in 1165 at France, son of Simon IV, Count de Montfort (3197) and Amicie, Countess of Leicester (3200). Note - between 1180 and 1181 at Lagny-sur-Marne, France: Simon IV took part in the tournament series in Lagny.In 1180 or 1181, a series of great tournament was held at Lagny-sur-Marne on the borders of France and Champagne. The Story of William Marshal tells that there came 19 counts, the duke of Burgundy and about 3000 knights from France, Flanders, Low Lands, Germany, Normandy, England, Anjou and elsewhere. Henry the young, son and heir of king Henry II of England came with more than 200 knights handsomely paid. No kings attended. The Church condemned tournaments. There, knights fought for glory and money in what looked like genuine pitched battles. But the objective was not killing,even if some found their death there, but capturing men and horses. Tournaments were held almost every two weeks . William Marshal earned, in a few years, fortune and fame. He and his fellow knights had captured and ransomed some 103 knights in 10 months of tournaments. Married before 1190 at France: Alix de Montmorency (3207),, daughter of Bouchard V, Seigneur de Montmorency (2083) and Laurence de Hainaut (2082). Note - between Oct 1202 and 14 Apr 1205: Simon IV participated in the Fourth Crusade.Fourth Crusade (Oct 1202 - 14 April 1205).

After the failure of the Third Crusade (1188–1192), there was little interest in Europe for another crusade against the Muslims. Jerusalem had now become controlled by the Ayyubid dynasty, which ruled all of Syria and Egypt, except for the few cities along the coast still controlled by the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, now centered on Acre. The Third Crusade had also established a kingdom on Cyprus.“Be it known to you that eleven hundred and ninety-seven years after the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the time of Innocent Pope of Rome, and Philip King of France, and Richard King of England, there was in France a holy man named Fulk of Neuilly - which Neuilly is between Lagni-sur-Marne and Paris - and he was a priest and held the cure of the village. And this said Fulk began to speak of God throughout the Isle-de-France, and the other countries round about; and you must know that by him the Lord wrought many miracles. Be it known to you further, that the fame of this holy manso spread, that it reached the Pope of Rome, Innocent; and the Pope sent to France, and ordered the right worthy man to preach the cross (the Crusade) by his authority. And afterwards the Pope sent a cardinal of his, Master Peter of Capua, who himself had taken the cross, to proclaim the Indulgence of which I now tell you, viz., that all who should take the cross and serve in the host for one year, would be delivered from all the sins they had committed, and acknowledged in confession. And because this indulgence was so great, the hearts of men were much moved, and many took the cross for the greatness of the pardon.” [note: Innocent III, elected Pope on the 8th January 1198, at the early age of thirty seven, Innocent III was one ofthe leading spirits of his time-in every sense a strong man and great Pope. From the beginning of his pontificate he turned his thoughts and policy to the recovery of Jerusalem. ] Geoffrey de Villehardouin [b.c.1160-d.c.1213]: Memoirs or Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople, trans. Frank T. Marzials, (London: J.M. Dent, 1908)The preaching of a new crusade became the goal of Pope Innocent III’s pontificate. His call was largely ignored by the European monarchs: the Germans were struggling against Papal power, and England and France were still engaged in warfare against each other. However, due to the preaching of Foulk of Neuilly, a crusading army was finally organized at a tournament held at Écry by Count Thibaut of Champagne in 1199. Thibaut waselected leader, but he died in 1200. Thus died the count; and no man in this world made a better end. And there were present at that time a very great assemblage of men of his lineage and of his vassals. But of the mourning and funeral pomp it is unmeet that I should here speak. Never was more honour paid to any man. And right well that it was so, for never was man of his age more beloved by his own men, nor by other folk. Buried he was beside his father in the church of our lord St. Stephen at Troyes. He left behind him the Countess, Ws wife, whose name was Blanche, very fair, very good, the daughter of the King of Navarre. She had borne him a little daughter, and was then about to bear a son. When the Count was buried, Matthew of Montmorency, Simon of Montfort, Geoffry of Joinville who was seneschal, and Geoffry the Marshal, went to Odo, Duke of Burgundy, and said to him, "Sire, your cousin is dead. You see what evil has befallen the land overseass We pray you by God that you take the cross, and succour the land overseas in his stead. And we will cause you to have all his treasure, and will swear on holy relics, and make the others swear also, to serve you in all good faith, even as we should have served him." Such was his pleasure that he refused. And be it known to you that he might have done much better. The envoys charged Geoffry of Joinville to make the self-same offer to the Count of Bar-le-Duc, Thibaut, who was cousin to the dead count, and he refused also. Very great was the discomfort of the pilgrims, and of all who were about to go on God's service, at the death of Count Thibaut of Champagne; and they held a parliament, at the beginning, of the month, at Soissons, to determine what they should do. There were present Count Baldwin of Flanders and Hainault, the Count Louis of Blois and Chartres, the Count Geoffry of Perche, the Count Hugh of Saint- Paul, and many other men of worth. Geoffry the Marshal spake to them and told them of the offer made to the Duke of Burgundy, and to the Count of Bar-le-Duc, and how they had refused it. " My lords," said he, " listen, I will advise you of somewhat if you will consent thereto. The Marquis of Montferrat* is very worthy and valiant, and one of the most highly prized of living men. If you asked him to come here, and take the sign of the cross and put himself in place of the Count of Champagne, and you gave him the lordship of the host, full soon would he accept thereof." Thibaud was replaced by an Italian count, Bonifaceof Montferrat. Boniface and the other leaders sent envoys to Venice, Genoa, and other city-states to negotiate a contract for transport to Egypt, the object of their crusade; one of the envoys was the future historian Geoffrey of Villehardouin. Genoa was uninterested, but in March 1201 negotiations were opened with Venice, which agreed to transport 33,500 crusaders, a very ambitious number. This agreement required a full year of preparation on the part of the Venetians to build numerous ships and train the sailors who would man them, all the while curtailing the city's commercial activities. The crusading army was expected to comprise 4,500 knights (as well as 4,500 horses), 9,000 squires, and 20,000 foot-soldiers.The majority of the crusading army that set out from Venice in October 1202 originated from areas within France. It included men from Blois, Champagne, Amiens, Saint-Pol, the Ile-de-France and Burgundy. Several other regions of Europe sent substantial contingents as well, such as Flandersand Montferrat. Other notable groups came from the Holy Roman Empire, including the men under Bishop Martin of Paris and Bishop Conrad of Halberstadt, together in alliance with the Venetian soldiers and sailors led by the doge Enrico Dandolo. The crusade was to make directly for the centre of the Muslim world, Cairo, ready to sail on June 24, 1202. This agreement was ratified by Pope Innocent, with a solemn ban on attacks on Christian states.

As there was no binding agreement among the crusaders that all should sail from Venice, many chose to sail from other ports, particularly Flanders, Marseilles, and Genoa. By 1201 the bulk of the crusader army was collected at Venice, though with far fewer troops than expected; 12,000 instead of 33,500. Venice had performed her part of the agreement: there lay war galleys, large transports, and horse transports - enough for three times the assembled army. The Venetians, under their aged and blind Doge, would not let the crusaders leave without paying the full amount agreed to, originally 85,000 silver marks. The crusaders could only pay some 51,000 silver marks, and that only by reducing themselves to extreme poverty. This was disastrous to the Venetians, who had halted their commerce for a great length of time to prepare this expedition. In addition to this 20-30,000 men (out of

Venice's population of 60,000 people) were needed to man the entire fleet, placing further strain on the Venetian economy.

Dandolo and the Venetians succeeded in turning the crusading movement to their own purposes as a form of repayment. Following the 1182 massacresof all foreigners in Constantinople, the Venetian merchant population had been expelled by the ruling Angelus dynasty with the support of the Greek population. These events gave the Venetians a hostile attitude towards Byzantium. Dandolo, who joined the crusade during a public ceremony in the church of San Marco di Venezia, proposed that the crusaders pay their debts by attacking the port of Zara in Dalmatia (Hungary). The city had been dominated economically by Venice throughout the twelfth century, but had rebelled in 1181 and allied with King Emeric of Hungary and Croatia (the two were in a personal union). Subsequent Venetian attacks were repulsed, and by 1202 the city was economically independent, under the protection of the King.The Hungarian king was Catholic and had himself agreed to join this Crusade (though this was mostly for political reasons, and he had made no actual preparations to leave). Many of the Crusaders were opposed to attacking Zara, and some, including a force led by the elder Simon de Montfort, refused to participate altogether and returned home. While the Papal legate to the Crusade Peter Cardinal Capuano endorsed the move as necessary to preventthe crusade's complete failure, Pope Innocent was alarmed at this development and wrote a letter to the Crusading leadership threatening excommunication.Historian Geoffrey Hindley's “The Crusades: Islam and Christianity in the Struggle for World Supremacy” mentions that in 1202, Innocent III “forbade” theCrusaders of Western Christendom from committing any atrocious acts on their Christian neighbors, despite wanting to secure papal authority over Byzantium. This letter was concealed from the bulk of the army and the attack proceeded. The citizens of Zara made reference to the fact that they werefellow Catholics by hanging banners marked with crosses from their windows and the walls of the city, but nevertheless the city fell after a brief siege. Both the Venetians and the crusaders were immediately threatened with excommunication for this by Innocent III.

Boniface of Montferrat, meanwhile, had left the fleet before it sailed from Venice, to visit his cousin Philip of Swabia. The reasons for his visit are a matter of debate; he may have realized the Venetians' plans and left to avoid excommunication, or he may have wanted to meet with the Byzantine prince Alexius Angelus, Philip's brother-in-law and the son of the recently deposed Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelus. Alexius had fled to Philip when his father was overthrown in 1195, but it is unknown whether or not Boniface knew he was at Philip's court. There, Alexius IV offered 200,000 silver marks, 10,000 men to help the Crusaders, the maintenance of 500 knights in the Holy Land, the service of the Byzantine navy to transport the Crusader Army to Egypt and the placement of the Greek Orthodox Church under the Roman Catholic Church if they would sail to Byzantium and topple the reigning emperor Alexius III Angelus. It was a tempting offer for an enterprise that was short on funds. Greco-Latin relationships had been complicated ever since the Great Schism of 1054.The Latins of the First, Second, and Third Crusade had gone from strained to hostile in Constantinople on their way to the Holy Land, whereas the Greeks had militarily abandoned the Crusaders on some occasions and engaged in open diplomacy with their enemies on others. A large number of Venetian merchants and other Latins were also attacked and deported during the massacre of the Latins in Constantinople in 1182. However, the Byzantine prince's proposal involved his restoration to the throne, not the sack of his capital city, which Count Boniface agreed to. Alexius IV returned with the Marquess to rejoin the fleet at Corfu after it had sailed from Zara. The rest of the Crusade's leaders eventually accepted the plan as well. There were many leaders, however, of the rank and file who wanted nothing to do with the proposal, and many deserted. The fleet of 60 war galleys, 100 horsetransports, and 50 large transports (the entire fleet was manned by 10,000 Venetian oarsmen and marines) arrived at Constantinople in late June 1203. In addition, 300 siege engines were brought along on board the fleet.When the Fourth Crusade arrived at Constantinople early July 1203, the city had a population of 150,000 people, a garrison of 30,000 men (including 5,000 Varangians), and a fleet of 20 galleys. The Crusaders' initial motive was to restore Isaac II to the Byzantine throne so that they could receive the support that they were promised. Conon of Bethune delivered this message to the Lombard envoy who was sent by the reigning emperor Alexius III Angelus, who had deposed his brother Isaac. The citizens of Constantinople were not concerned with the deposed emperor and his exiled son; usurpations were frequent in Byzantine affairs, and this time the throne had even remained in the same family. The Crusaders sailed alongside Constantinople with 10 galleys to display Alexius IV, but from the walls of the city the Byzantines taunted the puzzled crusaders, who had been promisedthat Prince Alexius would be welcomed. “The barons consulted together on the morrow, and said that they would show the young Alexius, the son of theEmperor of Constantinople, to the people of the city. So they assembled all the galleys. The Doge of Venice and the Marquis of Montferrat entered into one, and took with them Alexius, the son of the Emperor Isaac; and into the other galleys entered the knights and barons, as many as would. They went thus quite close to the walls of Constantinople and showed the youth to the people of the Greeks, and said, "Behold your natural lord; and be it known toyou that we have not come to do you harm, but have come to guard and defend you, if so be that you return to your duty. For he whom you now obey asyour lord holds rule by wrong and wickedness, against God and reason. And you know full well that he has dealt treasonably with him who is your lord and his brother, that he has blinded his eyes and reft from him his empire by wrong and wickedness. Now behold the rightful heir. If you hold with him, you will be doing as you ought; and if not we will do to you the very worst that we can." But for fear and terror of the Emperor Alexius, not one person on the land or in the city made show as if he held for the prince. So all went back to the host, and each sought his quarters. On the morrow, when they had heard mass, they assembled in parliament, and the parliament was held on horseback in the midst of the fields. There might you have seen many a fine war-horse, and many a good knight thereon. And the council was held to discuss the order of the battalions, how many they should have, and of what strength. Many were the words said on one side and the other. But in the end it was settled that the advanced guard should be given to Baldwin of Flanders, because he had a very great number of good men, and archers and crossbowmen, more than any other chief that was in the host. And after, itwas settled that Henry his brother, and Matthew of Wallincourt, and Baldwin of Beauvoir, and many other good knights of their land and country, should form the second division. The third division was formed by Count Hugh of St. Paul, Peter of Amiens his nephew, Eustace of Canteleu, Anseau of Cayeux, and many good knights of their land and country. The fourth division was formed by Count Louis of Blois and Chartres, and was very numerousand rich and redoubtable; for he had placed therein a great number of good knights and men of worth. The fifth division was formed by Matthew of Montmorency and the men of Champagne. Geoffry the Marshal of Champagne formed part of it, and Oger of Saint-Chéron, Manasses of l'Isle, Miles theBrabant, Macaire of Sainte-Menehould, John Foisnous, Guy of Chappes, Clerembaud his nephew, Robert of Ronsoi; all these people formed part of the fifth division. Be it known to you that there was many a good knight therein. The sixth division was formed by the people of Burgundy. In this division were Odo the Champenois of Champlitte, William his brother, Guy of Pesmes, Edmund his brother, Otho of la Roche, Richard of Dampierre, Odo his brother, Guy of Conflans, and the people of their land and country. The seventh division, which was very large, was under the command of the Marquis of Montferrat. In it were the Lombards and Tuscans and the Germans, and all the people who were from beyond Mont Cenis to Lyons on the Rhone. All these formed part of the division under the marquis, and it was settled that they should form the rearguard.” Geoffrey de Villehardouin [b.c.1160-d.c.1213]: Memoirs or Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople, trans. Frank T. Marzials, (London: J.M. Dent, 1908)First the crusaders captured and sacked the cities of Chalcedon and Chrysopolis, then they defeated 500 Byzantine cavalrymen in battle with just 80 Frankish knights. “By common consent of Franks and Greeks it was settled that the new emperor should be crowned on the feast of our Lord St. Peter (1 August 1203). So was it settled, and so it was done. He was crowned full worthily and with honour according to the use for Greek emperors at that

time. Afterwards he began to pay the moneys due to the host; and such moneys were divided among the host, and each repaid what had been advanced in Venice for his passage. The new emperor went oft to see the barons in the camp, and did them great honor, as much as he could; and this was but fitting, seeing that they had served him right well. And one day he came to the camp, to see the barons privately in the quarters of Count Baldwin of Hainault and Flanders. Thither were summoned the Doge of Venice, and the great barons, and he spoke to them and said: " Lords, I am emperor by God's grace and yours, and you have done me the highest service that ever yet was done by any people to Christian man. Now be it known to you that there are folk enough who show me a fair seeming, and yet love me not; and the Greeks are full of despite because it is by your help that I have entered into my inheritance. Now the term of your departure is nigh, and your fellowship with the Venetians is timed only to last till the feast of St. Michael. And within so short a term I cannot fulfill our covenant. Be it known to you therefore, that, if you abandon me, the Greeks hate me because of you: I shall lose my land, and they will kill me. But now do this thing that I ask of you: remain here till March, and I will entertain your ships for one year from the feast of St. Michael (30 September), and bear the cost of the Venetians, and will give you such things as you may stand in need of till Easter. And within that term I shall have placed my land in such case that I cannot lose it again; and your covenant will be fulfilled, for I shall have paid such moneys as are due to you, obtaining them from all mi lands; and I shall be ready also with ships either to go with you myself, or to send others, as I havecovenanted; and you will have the summer from end to end in which to carry on the war against the Saracens." The barons thereupon said they would consult together apart; knowing full well that what the young man said was sooth, and that it would be better, both for the emperor and for themselves, toconsent unto him. But they replied that they could not so consent save with the common agreement of the host, and that they would therefore lay the matter before the host, and then give such answer as might be devised. So the Emperor Alexius departed from them, and went back to Constantinople. And they remained in the camp and assembled a parliament the next day. To this parliament were summoned all the barons and the chieftains of the host, and of the knights the greater part; and in their hearing were repeated all the words that the emperor had spoken. Then was there much discord inthe host, as had been oft times before on the part of those who wished that the host should break up; for to them it seemed to be holding together too long. And the party that had raised the discord at Corfu reminded the others of their oaths, and said: " Give us ships as you swore to us, for we purpose to go to Syria." And the others cried to them for pity and said: " Lords, for God's sake, let us not bring to naught the great honour that God has given us. If we go to Syriaat this present, we shall come thither at the beginning of winter and so not be able to make war, and the Lord's work will thus remain undone. But if we wait till March, we shall leave this emperor in good estate, and go hence rich in goods and in food. Thus shall we go to Syria, and over-run the land of Babylon. And the fleet will remain with us till Michaelmas, yes, and onwards from Michaelmas to Easter, seeing it will be unable to leave us because of the winter. So shall the land overseas fall into our hands." Those who wished the host to be broken up, cared not for reasons good or bad so long as thehost fell to pieces. But those who wished to keep the host together, wrought so effectually, with the help of God, that in the end the Venetians made a new covenant to maintain the fleet for a year, reckoning from Michaelmas, the Emperor Alexius paying them for so doing; and the pilgrims, on their side, made a new covenant to remain in the same fellowship as theretofore, and for the same term. Thus were peace and concord established in the host. Then there befell a very great mischance in the host; for Matthew of Montmorency, who was one of the best knights in the kingdom of France, and of themost prized and most honored, took to his bed for sickness, and his sickness so increased upon him that he died. And much dole was made for him, for great was the loss-one of the greatest that had befallen the host by any man's death. He was buried in a church of my Lord St. John, of the Hospital of Jerusalem. Afterwards, by the advice of the Greeks and the French the Emperor Alexius issued from Constantinople, with a very great company, purposing to quiet the empire and subject it to his will. With him went a great part of the barons; and the others remained to guard the camp. The Marquis Boniface of Montferrat went with him, and Count Hugh of St. Paul, and Henry, brother to Count Baldwin of Flanders and Hainault, and James of Avesnes, and William of Champlitte, and Hugh of Colerni, and many others whom the book does not here mention by name. In the camp remained Count Baldwin of Flanders and Hainault, and Count Louis of Blois and Chartres, and the greater part of the pilgrims of lesser note. Almost none of the crusaders ever made it to the Holy Land, and the unstable Latin Empire siphoned off much of Europe's crusading energy. The legacyof the Fourth Crusade was the deep sense of betrayal the Latins had instilled in their Greek coreligionists. With the events of 1204, the schism between the Church in the West and East was complete. As an epilogue to the event, Pope Innocent III, the man who had launched the ill-fated expedition, thundered against the crusaders thus: "How, indeed, will the church of the Greeks, no matter how severely she is beset with afflictions and persecutions, return into ecclesiastical union and to a devotion for the Apostolic See, when she has seen in the Latins only an example of perdition and the works of darkness, so that she now, and with reason, detests the Latins more than dogs? As for those who were supposed to be seeking the ends of Jesus Christ, not their own ends, who madetheir swords, which they were supposed to use against the pagans, drip with Christian blood, they have spared neither religion, nor age, nor sex. They have committed incest, adultery, and fornication before the eyes of men. They have exposed both matrons and virgins, even those dedicated to God, to the sordid lusts of boys. Not satisfied with breaking open the imperial treasury and plundering the goods of princes and lesser men, they also laid their hands on the treasures of the churches and, what is more serious, on their very possessions. They have even ripped silver plates from the altars and have hacked them to pieces among themselves. They violated the holy places and have carried off crosses and relics."The Latin Empire was soon faced with a great number of enemies, which the crusaders had not taken into account. Besides the individual Byzantine Greek states in Epirus and Nicaea, the Empire received great pressure from the Seljuk Sultanate and the Bulgarian Empire. The Greek states were fighting for supremacy against both Latins and each other. Almost every Greek and Latin protagonist of the event was killed shortly after. Murtzuphlus' betrayal by Alexius III led to his capture by the Latins and his execution at Constantinople. Not long after, Alexius III was himself captured by Boniface and sent to exile in Southern Italy. One year after the conquest of the city, Emperor Baldwin was decisively defeated at the Battle of Adrianople on 14 April 1205 by the Bulgarians, and was captured and later executed by the Bulgarian Emperor Kaloyan. Two years after that, on 4 September 1207, Boniface himself was killed in an ambush by the Bulgarians, and his head was sent to Kaloyan. He was succeeded by his infant son Demetrius of Montferrat, who ruled until he reached adulthood, but was eventually defeated by Theodore I Ducas, the despot of Epirus and a relative of Murtzuphlus, and thus the Kingdom of Thessalonica was restored to Byzantine rule in 1224.

Various Latin-French lordships throughout Greece — in particular, the duchy of Athens and the principality of the Morea — provided cultural contacts with western Europe and promoted the study of Greek. There was also a French cultural work, notably the production of a collection of laws, the Assisesde Romanie (Assizes of Greece). The Chronicle of Morea appeared in both French and Greek (and later Italian and Aragonese) versions. Impressive remains of crusader castles and Gothic churches can still be seen in Greece. Nevertheless, the Latin Empire always rested on shaky foundations. The city was re-captured by the Nicaean Greeks under Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261, and commerce with Venice was re-established.

In an ironic series of events, during the middle of the 15th century, the Latin Church tried to organize a crusade which aimed at the restoration of the Byzantine Empire which was gradually being torn down by the Ottoman Turks. The attempt, however, failed, as the vast majority of the Byzantines refused to unite the churches. The Greek population found that the Byzantine civilization which revolved around the Orthodox faith would be more secure under Ottoman rule. Overall, religious-observant Byzantines preferred to sacrifice their political freedom in order to preserve their faith's traditionsand rituals. In the late 14th and early 15th century, two kinds of crusades were finally organized by the Kingdoms of Hungary, Poland, Wallachia and

Serbia. Both of them were checked by the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453, a significant band of Venetian and Genoese knights died in the defense of the city.

AKA: Simon, Earl of Leicester (3203) through his mother Amicie, Countess of Leicester. Vassal to the King of England for the Earldom. Note - on 22

Jul 1209 at Béziers, Hérault, Languedoc, France: Simon IV joined in the sacking of Béziers.Béziers (Besièrs in Occitan, and Besiers in Catalan) is a town in Languedoc in the southwest of France. It is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Hérault department.Béziers was a Languedoc stronghold of Catharism, which the Catholic Church condemned as heretical and which Catholic forces extirpated in the Albigensian Crusade. Béziers was the first city to be sacked, on 22 July 1209. Béziers' Catholics were given the opportunity to leave before the Crusaders besieged the city. However, they refused and fought with the Cathars. The inhabitants thought the army will soon suffer from a lack of supplies and have to go back home. The strenght of this army could have been as great as 50,000 men (including the non-combatant camp-followers). Nobody knows the exact figure, but the army must have been quite impressive. In a sortie outside the walls, their combined force was defeated, and pursued back into town. In the bloody massacre which followed, no one was spared, not even those who took refuge in the churches. The commander of the crusade was the Papal Legate Arnaud-Amaury (or Arnald Amalaricus, Abbot of Cîteaux). When asked by a Crusader how to tell Catholics from Cathars once they had taken the city, the abbot supposedly replied, "Kill them all, God will know His own" - "Neca eos omnes. Deus suos agnoscet". (This phrase can only be found in one source, Caesarius of Heisterbach along with a story of some Cathars who desecrated a copy of the Old Testament and threw it from the town's walls.) That is exactly what happened. All inhabitants were slain. This was called the "gran mazel" (the great slaughter). The invaders fired the cathedral of Saint Nazaire, which collapsed on those who had taken refuge inside. The town was pillaged and burnt. None were left alive. (A plaque opposite the cathedral records the 'Day of Butchery' perpetrated by the 'northern barons'.) A few parts of the Romanesque cathedral St-Nazaire survived, and repairs started in 1215. The restoration, along with that of the rest of the city, continued until the 15th century. Note - between 1 Aug 1209 and 15 Aug 1209 at Carcassonne, Carcassonne, Languedoc, France: Simon IV participated in the ransacking of Carcassonne.On 1August 1209, after the taking of Béziers, the crusader army came to besiege Carcassonne where all its inhabitants and viscount Trencavel with his troops had gathered. The king of Aragon came to meet with his vassal, Trencavel, and attempted a mediation which failed, so he went back to Catalonia. After two weeks, the overcrowded city was short of water. Trencavel went out of the city to discuss with crusaders the terms of the surrender. He was made prisoner on 15 August 1209. All the people within Carcassonne had to leave the city taking nothing with them. Carcassonne was given to Simon de Montfort who took straight away the crusade leadership. Trencavel died three months after in his own jail.A medieval fiefdom, the county of Carcassonne, controlled the city and its environs. It was often united with the County of Razès. The origins of Carcassonne as a county probably lie in local representatives of the Visigoths, but the first count known by name is Bello of the time of Charlemagne. Bello founded a dynasty, the Bellonids, which would rule many honores in Septimania and Catalonia for three centuries. In 1067 Carcassonne became the property of Raimond Bernard Trencavel, viscount of Albi and Nîmes, through his marriage with Ermengard, sister of the last count of Carcassonne. In the following centuries the Trencavel family allied in succession either with the counts of Barcelona or of Toulouse. They built the Château Comtal andthe Basilica of Saint-Nazaire. In 1096 Pope Urban II blessed the foundation stones of the new cathedral, a Catholic bastion against the Cathar heretics.

Note - between 21 Jul 1210 and 22 Nov 1210 at Termes, Narbonne, Languedoc, France: Simon IV commanded the army ast the siege of Termes. The castrum of Termes was in the territory of Narbonne, (five leagues southeast of Carcassonne and southwest of Narbonne). It was marvelously, indeed unbelievably, strong and in human estimation appeared to be quite impregnable.à It was situated on the summit of a very high peak, overlooking a huge natural cliff, and surrounded on all sides by very deep and inaccessible ravines, with water flowing through them, surrounding the whole

castrum.à In turn the ravines were surrounded by huge crags, so difficult to climb down from that anyone wishing to approach the walls would need first to throw himself into a ravine and then as it were `crawl back towards heaven'. Moreover, a stone's throw from Termes itself, there was a crag on whose summit there was a small but very strong fortified tower known as `Termenet'. So situated Termes could be approached from one side only, where the rocks were lower and less inaccessible.Arriving at Termes, in July 1210, Simon IV, Comte de Montfort started the siege with a modest force and was able to occupy a small part of the castrum. a number of noble and powerful men arrived from France; Renaud, Bishop of Chartres, Philip, Bishop of Beauvais, Count Robert of Dreux and also the Count of Ponthieu. They were accompanied by a substantial force of crusaders whose arrival greatly cheered the Count of Montfort and the whole army.“Here there were many barons, many tents of silk and fine pavilions, many silk tunics and rich brocades, mailshirts too and many a fine banner, many anashen haft, ensigns and pennons, many a good knight and fine young men of noble race Germans, Bavarians, Saxons, Frisians, men from Maine, Anjou, Normandy and Brittany, Lombards and Longobards, Gascons and Provencals. The lord archbishop of Bordeaux was there and so was Sir Amanieu d'Albret and men from Langon. All those who came did their forty days' duty, so that as some arrived, others left. But Raymond, lord of Termes,counted none of them worth a button, for no one ever saw a stronger castle than his. The garrison of the castle was composed of troops from Roussillon, Catalonia and Aragon under the command of Raymond de Termes. There they kept Pentecost, Easter and Ascension and half the winter,” as the Song of the Cathar Wars (1210) says.No one ever saw so numerous a garrison as there was in that castle, men from Aragon, Catalonia and Roussillon. Many were the armed encounters andshattered saddle-bows, many the knights and strong Brabanters killed, many the ensigns and fine banners forcibly borne off into the keep against the crusaders' will. As for the mangonels and catapults, the defenders did not think them worth a button. Meat they had in plenty, both fresh meat and salt pork, water and wine to drink and an abundance of bread. If the Lord God had not dealt them a blow, as he did later when he sent them dysentery, they would never have been defeated.

By November 1210, the crusader army (of the Albigensian Crusade) under the command of Simon IV de Montfort, which had been besieging the stronghold of Termes since July 1210, was exhausted. In September 1210, the crusaders had received the reddition of the castle, the water cisterns being empty, but actually nobody surrendered because rain fell a few hours after the truce had been made. The army had sat around that stronghold until its water supply dried up. “They had wine for another two or three months, but I do not think anyone can live without water. Then, God and the faith help me, there was a heavy downpour of rain which caused a great flood, and this led to their defeat. They put quantities of this rainwater into butts and barrels and used it to knead and cook with. So violent a dysentery seized them that the sufferers could not tell where they were. They all agreed to flee away rather than die like this , unconfessed. They put the ladies of the castle up into the keep, and then when it was dark night and no one could see what was happening, they went out, taking with them no possessions, nothing, I believe, except money. At that point Raymond of Termes told them to wait because he was going back into the castle, and while they waited some Frenchmen met him on his way in and they captured him and took him to the count de Montfort. The others, Catalans and Aragonese, fled to escape being killed.” The siege was over, the castle was captured.

Note - between Mar 1211 and 3 May 1211 at Lavaur, Languedoc, France: Simon Conquered Lavaur.Lavaur: March – 3 May 1211.In 1180-1181, well before the Crusade against the Cathars, There was another military expedition, led by a Cistercian against the people of the Languedoc. Henry of Marcy, Abbot of Clairvaux had taken part in a failed mission to the Languedoc in 1178. A little later, as Cardinal-Bishop of Albano, he tried again. His failure as a preacher led to him head a military expedition against the territories of Roger II Trencavel, Viscount of Beziers, anticipating Arnaud Amaury, the Cistercian Abbot who lead the Albigensian Crusade. Commanding armed forces provided by Raymond V of Toulouse, Henry successfully took Lavaur in 1181, forcing the submission of its lord and capturing two Cathar Parfaits. A generation later in March 1211, during the wars against the Cathars of the Languedoc, Lavaur was besieged again, this time by Simon de Montfort .

March 1211, the crusader army laid siege to the city of Lavaur. Count Raymond de Toulouse, still standing by crusaders officially and physically, began to assist people of Lavaur by supplying food and troops. Toulousain people had been divided for a year. Those who were in favor of crusaders, had created the White Brotherhood, under Bishop Fulk, the other party had gathered into the Black Brotherhood. Now, the White Brotherhood came to pitch their tents beside crusaders. Raymond de Ricaud, the count of Toulouse's seneschal was taken prisoner with the garrison.The town fell on 3 May 1211, following which the French crusaders excelled even themselves in cruelty and disregard for the accepted rules of war. As in all other cases, Cathar parfaits declined to abjure their faith. The head of the garrison, Aimeric-de-Montréal, was hanged along with his knights. His widowed sister, the chatelaine of Lavaur, Gerauda (or Geralda) de Lavaur, was brutally murdered. The Song of the Cathar Wars [laisee 68] relates the event, pointing out that Gerauda had been famed for her generosity to all:

«àC'anc mais tant gran baro en la crestiandatNo cug que fos pendutz, ab tant cavar de latz;Que sol de cavaliers n'i a ladoncs comtatTrop mais de quatre vins, so me dig un clergat...

Estiers dama Girauda qu'an en un potz gitat:De pieras la cubriron; don fo dols e pecatz,Que ja nulhs hom de segle, so sapchatz de vertatzNo partira de leis entro agues manjat.à»The chatelaine, Geralda de Lavaur, was thrown alive into a well which was then filled with stones by the gallant crusaders until her screams can no longer be heard. As in all other cases, Cathar Parfaites decline to abjure their faith. 400 Cathars were burned alive by the crusaders, "with great joy" as the Catholic chronicler de Cernay noted. (The crusaders generally burned people alive "with great joy" - cum ingenti gaudio). One Parfait allegedly renounced his faith. The rest sang canticles as they were being led to the pyres. Here is the account of the whole series of murderous events given by Pierre des Vaux de Cernay (§227, p 117): “Soon Aimeric, the former lord of Montréal of whom we spoke above, was led out of Lavaur with up to eighty other knights. The noble Count [de Montfort] proposed that they should all be hanged from fork-shaped gibbets. However, after Aimeric, who was taller than the others, had been hanged, the gibbets started to fall down, since through excessive haste they had not been properly fixed in the ground. The Count realized that to continue wouldcause a long delay and ordered the rest to be put to the sword. The crusaders fell to this task with great enthusiasm and quickly slew them on the spot. The Count had the Dame of Lavaur, sister of Aimeric and a heretic of the worst sort, thrown into a pit and stones heaped on her. Our crusaders burnt innumerable heretics, with great joy.”Des Vaux de Cernay clearly identifies his hero Simon de Montfort as personally responsible for multiple murders here. Even by the standards of medieval warfare the killing of prisoners of war and captive women was not acceptable. For the people of the Languedoc these were crimes against paratge, in modern terms, crimes against humanity. For des Vaux de Cernay these actions were examples from a series of wondrous victories for the soldiers of Christ. A Gothic Cathedral at Lavaur was erected to commemorate the proud triumph of these model soldiers of Christ. Meantime, not far from Lavaur, at Montgey, German crusaders lead by Nicholas de Bazoches, 5,000 according to William de Tudèle, 1,500 according to Aubry des Trois Fontaines, were ambushed and defeated by count Roger-Raymond de Foix.From that point onward, the count of Toulouse became clearly the enemy of crusaders. Note - between 16 Jun 1211 and 29 Jun 1211 at Toulouse, Languedoc, France: Simon IV laid siege to Toulouse.Toulouse 16 to 29 June 1211In June 1211, the crusader army was coming nearby the city of Toulouse. The counts of Toulouse, Foix, Comminges accompanied by Navarrese troops intercepted them, 2.5 miles away, at the bridge of Montaudran. The first clash left 180 men on the ground. The fight was not conclusive. The crusaders put the siege under the walls of Toulouse. But the garrison was strong and made several sorties which made the crusaders leave the camp ending the first siege of Toulouse by Simon de Montfort, the zealot.The siege had lasted less than two weeks. Note - in Sep 1211 at Castelnaudary, Lauragais, Languedoc, France: Simon IV /V did not hold on to the fortress at Castelnaudary in 1211.Castelnaudary is the Capital of Lauragais in the Aude département in Languedoc-Roussillon in southwestern France. September 1211, following the wise advice of Hugues de Lacy, the plan drawn up by the crusaders was more or less complete: meridional forces under the command of Raimond VI deToulouse had besieged Castelnaudary where Simon de Montfort was contained. The meridional's encampment was strong and safe but did not entirely surround the walls of the town.Simon IV de Montfort sent some knights, among them Guy de Lévis and Bouchard de Marly, to seek as many reinforcements as possible. Martin d'Algai and his mercenaries rode to reinforce them, but the Count of Foix planned to ambush them near the castle of Saint-Martin, 3 miles from Castelnaudary. When Simon got wind of this, he sent Guy de Lucy, Simon de Neauphle, Roard de Donges with 40 other knights to their rescue.The Count de Foix (Raymond-Roger) returned to Castelnaudary bringing more troops which, when the battle started, he organized in 3 battle groups (heavy cavalry at the centre, lighter cavalry on one wing, infantry on the other). It appears that de Foix acted on his own, without support from the other lords. Outnumbered, Martin d'Algai's mercenaries fled, which incited some of de Foix's troops to plunder the baggage train and leave the battlefield whilst the fierce cavalry battle continued.Simon, who had watched the scene, dashed out of Castelnaudary with 60 knights leaving only 5 knights and the infantry to defend the castle against Mauléon's attacks. Now the Count of Foix was in real danger. Soon all his troops fled in disarray. Severe losses had been inflicted on both sides. The following day, Simon departed from Castelnaudary, leaving only a small garrison there. A few days later, the meridionals raised the siege.Both sides claimed victory. Note - on 8 Sep 1212 at Moissac, Tarn-et-Garonne, Languedoc, France: Simon IV/V captured Moissac and secured the region around Quercy and cities in the Albi also capitulate. Note - on 12 Sep 1213 at Muret: Simon IV/V relieved some besieged crusaders at Muret.Muret , Languedoc 12 September 1213The town of Muret had fallen into the hands of the Occitan lords. About 30 crusader knights remained entrenched within the castle. They knew they could not resist for long. They sent a message to Simon de Montfort who was at Fanjeaux to come to their rescue. Simon assembled as many knights aspossible among the crusaders who had not yet gone back to France after their 40 days of annual duty and they rode hotfoot to Muret.à

Simon IV de Montfort was the leader of the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar known as Albigeois heresy and incidentally to join the Languedoc to the crown of France. He invaded Toulouse and exiled its count, Raymond VI. Count Raymond sought assistance from his brother-in-law, King Peter II of Aragon (and count of Barcelona), who felt threatened by Montfort's conquests in Languedoc. He decided to cross the Pyrenees and deal with Montfortat Muret.On 10 September, Peter's army arrived at Muret, and was joined by a Toulousain militia. The king of Aragon ordered his men to withdraw from the town to allow Simon's troop to enter the citadel. He chose to position his army so their right flank was protected by the Saudrune River, and the left protectedby a marsh. He left the Toulousain militia to assault the walls of the city. Simon de Montfort led an army of 870 French Crusaders, along with a small contingent of knights brought by his ally, the viscount of Corbeil. Simon de Montfort's 870 mailed cavalry included 270 knights, making the small force ofexceptional quality. King Peter of Aragon had brought 800 to 1,000 Aragonese cavalry, joined by a militia from Toulouse and armies brought by the counts of Comminges and Foix. King Peter of Aragon's combined forces possibly numbered 4000 cavalry, with thirty to forty thousand infantry. Montfort divided his army into three squadrons, and then led them across the Garonne to meet the Aragonese forces. Peter's ally and brother-in-law, Count Raymond, advised a defensive posture in order to weaken the advancing enemy with bowshot and javelins. Peter rejected this suggestion as unknightly and dishonorable. King Peter rode to the front line, forsaking his royal armor for the plain armor of a common soldier. His army was disorderly and confused. When Montfort's first squadron charged the field, the Aragonese cavalry was crushed and Peter himself was unhorsed. He cried out, "I am the

king!" but was killed regardless. The Meridionals were not very well organized. Together with thousands Catalans, Aragoneses and Occitans, the king ofAragon died in the field of battle. With the realization that their king had been killed, the Aragonese forces broke in panic and fled, pursued by Montfort's Crusaders. Simon's victory was complete.

Note - on 28 May 1215 at Toulouse, Languedoc, France: Toulouse surrendered to Simon IV/V. Note - between 5 Jun 1215 and 22 Aug 1216 at Beaucaire, Languedoc, France: Simon IV/V negotiates for the freedom of besieged crusaders in Beaucaire.Siege of Beaucaire: 5 June 1215 - 22 August 1216The Castle of Beaucaire was built over the site of the Roman Ugernum and was later the Merovingian capital of Pagus Argenteus - The Land of Silver. Itoverlooks the River Rhône, the traditional border with Provence, with Tarascon lying on the Provençal side. It was here, in an eleventh century castle, that King Richard I of England gave his sister Jeanne of England in marriage to Raymond VI of Toulouse; and it was here, a year later, in July 1197 that Jeanne gave birth to Raymondet, the future Count Raymond VII of Toulouse.During the Albigensian Crusades which started a decade later, Beaucaire fell to the French Catholic Crusaders. As elsewhere in the Midi, the inhabitantsloathed their new masters. Even after Pope Innocent III purported to dispossess Raymond VI as Count of Toulouse and confirmed Simon de Montfort ashis replacement at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1216, they would still wholeheartedly support their sovereign Count against the combined might of western Christendom. The pope had reserved Provence, including Beaucaire, for the young Raymond, but Simon de Montfort did not always obey God's representative on Earth, if the pope's instructions did not suit his own interests.Raymondet would have to take Beaucaire by force from the crusader army. Raymond VI and Raymondet travelled separately from the Fourth Lateran Council to Genoa. There they met up and rode together to Marseilles where they were heartened by their welcome and the words of a loyal delegation from Avignon. Raymond VI now carried on for Aragon to talkto his allies there. Raymondet left for Beaucaire. It was on the way that Guy de Cavaillon spoke these famous words about paratge - the high civilisation of the Midi - to the young Raymondet: "...the Count of Montfort who destroys men, he and the Church at Rome and the preachers are covering paratge with shame. They have cast it down from its high place, and if you do not raise it up, it will vanish for ever. If worth and paratge do not rise again through you, then paratge will die - with it the whole world will die. You are the true hope of all paratge and the choice is yours: either you show valour, or paratge dies!" (The Song of the Crusade(Canso de la crozada), Laisse ???)Raymondet replied that any leopard that attacked him would find that he was fighting a lion, and so it was to prove. In late April 1216 Raymond, just 18 years old, began his siege of Beaucaire, attracting supporting forces from far and wide. The French defenders were lead by Lambert de Croissy (now "Lambert de Limoux") but their position was difficult since, without hesitation, the population opened the gates of the town to their sovereign's son. "Our dear Lord is entering the town in joy, and now we shall be rid of the Barrois and the French!" (The Canso de la crozada laisse 156. Barrois were vassals of the Count of Bar). As in many places, the castle at Beaucaire was a sort of citadel within a fortified town. (You can see a good example of this common design, still surviving, at Carcassonne). The French rode out of the castle to regain the town, but the fighting was intense. Raymondet's forces, shouting their war-cry "Tolosa!", were well prepared: "Darts, lances and stones they flung, bolts, arrows, axes, hatchets; they fought with spears, with swords, with clubs and staves. They pressed de Montfort's men so hard, levering dressed stones down onto them from the windows, shattering shield bosses and poitrels, delivering mortal blows, that they put them to flight and forced them to take unwilling refuge in the castle" (The Song of the Crusade laisse 156). The Barrois and the French were now confined, but safe enough from further attack. Raymondet had a palisade built to neutralize the French cavalry. Trapped in the castle, war horses - and knights - were useless. Raymond Gaucelm gave Raymondet some advice, to build a new wall with brattices and a barbican, with a catapult at each opening. As so often during this period, the dedication of the meridional forces was striking. Knightscarried infill to build the walls, rare enough in itself, but so did their ladies. Noble girls carried timber and dressed stone.

Then Raymondet built a battering ram to assault the castle. Guy de Montfort and Amaury de Montfort (Simon's bother and son) arrived to assist the

French troops and relieve the castle. By the time they got there Raymondet was well entrenched in the town with his additional defences. Worse still for the French, Raymondet was still building, not just fortifications, but mangonels, bitches (gousas - similar to mangonels) and other siege weapons. Lambert de Limoux, isolated in the castle, could only watch as Raymondet's troops fetched more stones. They were building a wall outside the castle's outer walls to contain it and isolate it from the rest of the town.On 5 June 1215 Simon de Montfort himself arrived from Paris with fresh troops and mercenaries, but no siege engines. Inside the town, Raymondet was already using his massive iron-capped battering ram to smash down the walls of the citadel. His forces had supplies. So did de Montfort's Crusader army outside. Lambert and his men inside the citadel did not. Simon de Montfort tried to take the town, apparently in open battle. As the The Song of the Crusade, laisse 161 tells us: “ ... Then came the roar of shouting and the charge; joyfully the horns rang out; trumpets and shrill clarions resounded all along the riverbank and field. The crusaders spurred, and charged as one into the thickest of the array, but the men of Beaucaire took their assault well. Now came the clash of blades from Cologne and twice-tempered steel, of round headed maces and chilled javelins, well-honed axes and shining shields, came flights of darts, arrows and polished quarrels, feathered shafts and brandished spears, came brave knights, alert and active, sergeants, archers eagerly advancing, and the other companies, keen to strike hard. On all sides the rush and crash of men and weapons shook the field, riverbankand the solid ground. Count Simon, Sir Alan [de Roucy] and Sir Foucaud [de Berzey] with Sir Guy [de Montfort] and Sir Peter Mir bore the shock of the encounter. What damaged hauberks you would have seen there, what good shields cracked and broken, what fists, legs and feet cut off, what spattered blood and skulls split apart! Even the simplest mind could not but feel it. But the men of Beaucaire had the upper hand and drove the crusaders down the beaten track; although they resisted strongly and there was not much pursuit. Many were the horses you would have seen running loose, iron-clad, riderless, their masters fallen and killed...”Both sides retired - the Crusaders to their encampment, Raymondet's forces to the town. Simon de Montfort held a council of war. As well as his nobles he had three bishops and as the Song of the Crusade laisse 162 puts it "I don't know how many abbots". Raymondet seems to have held his own Council, but without the aid of senior Churchmen - a disadvantage, for at this period Catholic churchmen were the recognized masters of siege engineering. Simon de Montfort decided to build siege engines - a belfry and a cat "built of iron, timber and leather" and manned day and night. He also built a catapult to shoot all day at the town's gateway. On his side Raymondet decided to cut off water supplies to de Montfort's forces ( Lambert's of course were already isolated from all water supplies). Simon's catapult was a real threat, but his belfry and cat seem to have had little impact: "... these have no more effect than an enchanter's dream, they are a spider's web and a sheer waste of material. His catapult, though, throws strongly and is breaking down the whole gateway...". Simon de Montfort needed a quick victory. Ravens and vultures circled his men in the summer heat. Famously, the defenders in the citadel raised a black flag, the traditional flag of the Angel of Death, to signal to de Montfort that they could not hold out much longer. More Councils of war followed. Simon de Montfort's troops and Simon himself started to wonder how God could fail to support him, when the Catholic Church was so clearly behind him. They also started to think about Raymondet's high birth - they recalled that Richard Coeur de Lion was his uncle and Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, his ancestor. In medieval society this counted for much. Perhaps they were fighting on the wrong side. French crusaders started to desert, while fresh local reinforcements continued to join Raymondet.The people of Beaucaire worked to overcome the Crusaders in the citadel, using their battering ram.: "... long, straight, sharp and shod with iron; it thrust, carved and smashed till the wall was breached and many of the dressed stones thrown down. When the besieged Crusaders saw that, they did not panic but made a rope lasso and used a device to fling it so that they caught and held the ram's head, to the rage of all in Beaucaire. Then the engineer who had set up the battering ram arrived. He and his men slipped secretly into the rock itself [presumably the hole already made by the ram], intending to break through the wall with their sharp picks. But when the men in the keep realized this, they cast down fire, sulfur and tow together in a piece of cloth and let it down on a chain. When the fire caught and the sulfur ran, the flames and stench so stupefied them that not one of them could stay there. Then they used their stone throwers and broke down the beams and palisades." (The Song of the Crusade, laisse 164). Food and water hadrun out in Lambert's citadel. One of the commanders waved a napkin and an empty bottle to signify their distress. This invited another attack on the townby de Montfort, but he was again unsuccessful. The slaughter was massive. Afterwards Sir Alain de Roucy ventured a joke: "By God, Sir Count, we can set up a butcher's shop! Our sharp swords have won us so much meat, it won't cost a penny to feed the cat". But Simon was not amused. As the weeks stretched into months, between these large-scale encounters his men were being picked off by crossbowmen and his supplies were running low even outside the town: "Our stores and granaries are empty, we haven't a sack of any kind of grain, and our horses are so hungry they're eating wood and thebark of trees". Again, questions were asked about why God was supporting the wrong side. The mood darkened and there was talk of having to eat the horses and then of having to eat each other. As Simon was conducting yet another Council of War a beggar burst in, shouting that he had seen a weasel. This was disturbing news. A weasel was a siege engine - similar to a cat, but smaller. The weasel was already against the citadel wall and readyto drive a spike into it. Once again the French engineers were up to the job. The chief engineer hurled a pot of molten pitch, hitting the weasel in exactly the right spot. It burst into flames. Another pitched battle followed, again Simon de Montfort failing to carry the day. He called yet another Council of War. His position was parlous. If he carried on he would certainly fail and his garrison in the citadel would perish. Yet if he lifted the siege, his reputation, credibility and future would all be called into question. Sir Hugh de Lacy pointed up the unique situation: "I have never seen a siege like this one: the besieged are happy, sheltered and at ease, they have good bread, fresh water, good beds and lodging, and Genestet wine [a local wine] on tap, whereas we're out here exposed to every danger, with nothing to call our own but heat, sweat and dust, muddy watered wine and hard bread made without salt ..." (Canso de la crozada 169).In late August 1216, one final battle was planned, this time with a surprise ambush, but once again the enterprise failed. After another scene of carnage, this time with hot lime being thrown down from the parapets, Simon addressed his barons: "My lords, God has shown me by the clearest evidence that I am out of my mind. Once I was rich, great and valiant, but now my affairs have turned to nothing, for now neither force, cunning nor courage can rescue my men or get them out of Beaucaire. Yet if I abandon the siege so shamefully, all over the world they will call me recreant." His men in the citadel were dying now, and there was nothing he could do about it. Through Sir Dragonet, an intermediary, Simon de Montfort parleyed with the young Raymondet. Raymondet held the whip hand. He could afford to wait until Lambert's men died or surrendered, and until de Montfort's men slunk off in disgrace. More gracious than he needed to be, Raymondet let the dying garrison go free allowing Simon to lift his siege with a vestige of honor. Nevertheless, this eventmarked the beginning of the end for de Montfort. Heartened by events at Beaucaire the City of Toulouse had rebelled and expelled the French invaders. Even now local men, women and children were rebuilding their city walls - a massive feat of engineering that no-one had thought possible in the time available. Simon would now have to besiege the city, and he would die outside the city walls there within two years, as brave as ever, commanding another unsuccessful siege. As for Raymondet, he had earned his spurs. Now aged 19 he had already exceeded the military prowess of his sixty year old father. The flower of paratge was in full bloom. The writer of the Canso de la crozada, gave him a review at laisse 171 that any Medieval reader would have regarded as the very highest praise: "... Beaucaire remained in the hands of Raymond, Count, Marquis and Duke, for he was a valiant, wise and clever man, courteous, of excellent lineage and powerful kin, related to the noble House of France and to the good king of England." Despite his military prowess, Raymondet - the future Raymond VII, had no way to fight against the papal arsenal of other weapons. By diplomacy and the simple expedient of denying him a divorce, the pope ensured that Raymond's territories would pass by inheritance to the King of France.

Note - between 13 Sep 1217 and 22 Jul 1218 at Toulouse, Languedoc, France: Simon IV/V lays one final siege at Toulouse.13 Sep 1217 – 22 Jul 1218 – Second Siege of Toulouse. Like most towns, Toulouse was defended by city walls with a seigniorial castle providing a second line of defence. The castle of the Counts of Toulouse was on the west side of the city, and known as the Château Narbonnais. The City was repeatedly besieged, and repeatedly withstood the Catholic Crusaders, though it had to be surrendered under treaties of surrender.William of Puylaurens covered events relating to the history of Languedoc from the twelfth century to the mid-1270s.àThe section below begins with the future Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, laying siege to the crusader-held fortress of Beaucaire in 1216.à Events seem to turn against Simon de Montfort, leader of the crusading forces, and he begins a siege of the city of Toulouse, which lasts from October 1217 to July 1218.à This siege ends with the death of Simon. This text is from The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and its Aftermath, trans. W.A. Sibly and M.D. Sibly (Boydell, 2003).àSimon first besieged Toulouse in 1211, but failed to take it. From 16 to 29 June 1211, Simon de Montfort besieges the City of Toulouse, without success. In May, 1215, the city of Toulouse surrendered to Simon de Montfort.September to October 1216: “So, after his reception by the citizens of Avignon and the people of Venaissin, the son of the Count of Toulouse entered the town of Beaucaire in strength, with the support of the inhabitants, and laid siege to the crusader garrison in the castle. He invested the castle from all sides, by land and from the river Rhone, so that no one could leave and no relief could reach the garrison from outside. Count Simon [de Montfort] rushed to besiege the besiegers, but after eating their horses and running completely out of supplies the garrison surrendered the castle to their enemies, having received guarantees that their lives would be spared. As his efforts had come to nothing Count Simon raised the siege of the town. Asa consequence many who had concealed their opposition to him lifted up their horns, and numerous strongholds and towns at once joined his enemies. For the citizens of Toulouse, whose hostages had already returned home, as I reported above, refused to submit to masters whose rule was

overweening and took refuge in a form of disobedience. They bore with difficulty the yoke which undermined the liberty to which they were accustomed.Accordingly Count Simon – fearful that if he took no steps to suppress them they would become as a swelling tumour, decided to oppose them with armed force and punish their arrogance severely.”12th September 1217. Raymond VI of Toulouse re-enters the City of Toulouse over the Bazacle (the ancient ford over the Garonne) to the delight of the population. Simon de Montfort's family are trapped within the Château Narbonnais. “So, in the year 1216, the Count entered the Cité with a large armed force.à He started fires in several places hoping that the citizens would be put in dread by a double storm, of fire and sword, and thus be more readily thrown into confusion.à The Toulousians met force with force, they placed wooden beams and wine casks in the streets and repulsed the attackers.à All night long they had no rest from fighting fire or the enemy. In the morning the venerable father Bishop Fulk took with him some of the citizens, and in the hope of adverting the impending dangers, mediated between the two parties to secure an agreed peace and sought to blunt the sharp edge of steel with silver.à The Count's resources had been exhausted by the expenditure he had incurred at Beaucaire, and he had no money.à Seizing on this some of his associates, claiming that it would be of his advantage, urged him to claimcompensation of thirty thousand marks, from the Cité and the Bourg – an amount they could well afford – as a means of enabling them to gain the Count's favor.à He willingly fell in with this counsel of Achitofel, and, blinded by money, did not see the dangers that might result.à For those who gave this advice well knew that levying this sum would result in much wrong being done, to the community as a whole and to individuals; this would drive the Toulousains to aspire to their erstwhile freedoms and recall their former lord. When the levy came to be collected it was exacted with a harsh and cruel pressure; not only were pledges demanded, but the doorways of houses were marked with signs.à There were many instances of this harsh treatment which it would take too long to describe in detail, as the people groaned under the yoke of servitude. Meanwhile the Toulousains engaged in secret discussion with their old Count [Raymond VI], who was travelling in Spain, concerning his possible return to Toulouse, so that their wishes might be fulfilled.”From 13 September 1217 to 22 July 1218. Second Siege of the City of Toulouse. Stung by the humiliation of losing Toulouse, Simon de Montfort besieges the city again, without success. He dies during the siege, on 25th June 1218, hit on the head by a stone from a trebuchet, to the great rejoicingof the besieged, and the whole of the Midi.“So in the year 1217, whilst Count Simon was engaged in a long struggle with Adhemar of Poitiers on the east side of the Rhone, the Count of Toulouse took advantage of the opportunity so created to cross the Pyrenees and enter Toulouse, not by bridge bit by the ford under the Bazacle.à This was in September.à He was accompanied by the Counts of Comminges and Palhars and a few knights.à Few people were aware of his arrival; some were pleased, others who judged the likely future turn of events by what had happened in the past, were displeased.à Some of the latter therefore retired to the Chateau Narbonnais with the French, others to the Bishop's house or the cloister of St. Stephen or the monastery of Saint-Sernin; the Count persuaded them to return to him after a few days, by threats or flattery.à The Count Guy, who was in the area, tried to suppress this latest insurrection by force but was repulsed and could not achieve his aims. In the meantime, whilst Count Simon, currently engaged in besieging Crest, was being apprised of these events, the citizens began to cut off access from the Chateau Narbonnais to the Cité, with pales and stakes, large wooden beams andditches, starting at the rampart known as le Touzet and going as far as the rampart of St James.à Count Simon now arrived with Cardinal Bertrand, who had been sent as legate by the Supreme Pontiff Honorius, attacked the city with a strong force, but the citizens defended themselves courageously and his efforts were in vain.à Then siege-engines were erected on all sides of the city, and a bombardment of mill-stones and other heavy stones was begun. Meanwhile the legate sent Lord Fulk, the Bishop of Toulouse, to France to preach the cross; with him were others entrusted with the same mission including Master Jacques de Vitry, a man of outstanding honour, learning and eloquence, who later became Bishop of Acre and then a cardinal of the Church of Rome.à The lord Bishop of Toulouse once spoke to me of Master Jacques, who had told him that he had been enjoined in a dream by a vision of St. Saturnin, the first Bishop of Toulouse, to preach against his people; he referred the matter to the Bishop and asked him if there had at onetime been a priest at Toulouse called Saturnin - he had not previously known this. The preaching mission resulted in a great many men taking up the cross; these came to take part in the siege of Toulouse in the following spring, and the Bishop returned to the army with them.à Count Simon now donated to the Bishop and his successors as bishops of Toulouse in perpetuity the castrum of Verfeil, with all the towns and forts which belonged to it and which contained twenty hearths of less; the count retained nothing, and imposed only one condition that if he were ever to become involved in warfare on open ground in the territory of Verfeil, the Bishop would provide him with one armed knight. The labour of battle oppressed the besieged and the besiegers alike throughout the winter, as they fought with siege-engines and the other instruments of war.à Count Simon, now strengthened by the presence of the newly arrived crusaders, harried his enemies, less by direct attacks on the walls of the town than by excursions around it (which the citizens hindered by erecting barriers and digging ditches).à At last it was decided to construct a wooden engine of the type known as a 'cat', which would enable his men to bring up earth and wood to fill up the ditches; once the ditches had been levelled they would be able to engage the enemy at close quarters and effect an entry into town after breaking up the wooden barriers opposing them. However the Count [Simon] was worn out by his labours, despondent and weakened and exhausted by the drain on his resources; nor did he easily bear the prick of constant accusations be the legate that he was unthinking and remiss.à Whence, it is said, he began to pray to God to give him peace by the remedy of death.à One day, the day after the feast of St John the Baptist, he went into the cat, and a stone thrown from an enemy mangonel fell on his head; he died at once.à The news reached thecitizens inside Toulouse that day, and they did not hold back from showing their delight by shouts of rejoicing, whilst on the other side there was great sadness.à Indeed the citizens were in great distress through fear of an imminent attack; moreover they had few remaining supplies and little hope of gathering their harvest that summer. So, the man who inspired terror from the Mediterranean to the British sea fell by a blow from a single stone; at his fall those who had previously stood firm fell down.à In him who was a good man, the insolence of his subordinates was thrown down.à I affirm that later Iheard the Count of Toulouse (the last of his line) generously praise him - even though he was his enemy - for his fidelity, his foresight, his energy and allthe qualities which befit a leader.”16th of June - 1st of August 1219. Third Siege of the City of Toulouse, this time by Prince Louis, the future French King Louis IX (Saint Louis), again without success.

Died: on 25 Jun 1218 at Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Languedoc, France, Simon III/IV/V [depending on the source] abandoned the Fourth Crusade in 1202, but later found himself at the head of the Albigensian Crusade, where he showed both competence and an absence of scruples. He was appointed Comte de Toulouse and Duke de Narbonne in 1215. Simon was killed in battle while besieging Toulouse which had been recovered by the deposed Comte (Abbott, Page 48.).

13. Alix4 de Montmorency (3207) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168, 184.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 11 February 1995 at 23:25 Hours.). Married Name: de Montfort(3207). Born: between 1174 and 1175 at France, daughter of Bouchard V, Seigneur de Montmorency (2083) and Laurence de Hainaut (2082). Married before 1190 at France: Simon IV/V, Count de Montfort (3203),, son of Simon IV, Count de Montfort (3197) and Amicie, Countess of Leicester (3200). Died: in 1226.

Coat of Amrs associate with André-Guigues VI, Comte d'Albon, and adopted by subsequent dauphins du Viennois.

14. André dit Guigues VI, Comte4 d'Albon (1326) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 220.). AKA: Guigues VI, Dauphin de Gap (1326). AKA: Guigues VI, Dauphin de Grenoble (1326). AKA: André dit Guigues VI de Bourgogne (1326) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 74.). AKA: André=Guigues VI, Dauphin du Viennois (1326) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 74.). AKA: André, Dauphin du Dauphiné (1326) (Abbott, Page 581.). AKA: André-Guigues VI, Comte d'Oisans (1326). AKA: André-Guigues VI, Comte de Briançon (1326). Born: in 1184 at France, son of Hughes III, Duke de Bourgogne (1314) and Béatrix, Dauphine du Viennois (1316). Married on 1 Jun 1202 at France: Béatrix, Countess de Sabran (4221),, daughter of Raimon=Raynier de Sabran (4219) and Garsende de Forcalquier (4220). Divorced Béatrix, Countess de Sabran (4221): in 1211 at France. Married in 1211 at France: Semnoresse de Poitou (10056),, daughter of Aymar II, Count de Poitiers (4177) and Philippe de Fay (4178) (Semnoresse was André's second wife). Annulled he and Semnoresse de Poitou (10056): in 1218 at France (an unknown value). Married on 15 Nov 1219 at France: Béatrix de Montferrat (10059),, daughter of Guillaume VI, Margrave de Montferrat (10060) and Berta di Clavesana (10061) (Béatrix was André's third wife and he was her first husband). Died: on 14 Mar 1237 at Savoie, France, André is buried in the Cathedral of Saint-André in Grenoble.

15. Béatrix, Countess4 de Sabran (4221) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 220.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Bétrice, Comtesse de Gap (4221). Married Name: d'Albon (4221). AKA: Béatrix de Forcalquier (4221) (Abbott, Page 613.). Born: between 1178 and 1189, daughter of Raimon=Raynier de Sabran (4219) and Garsende de Forcalquier (4220), Béatrix is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrix was born. Married on 1 Jun 1202 at France: André dit Guigues VI, Comte d'Albon (1326),, son of Hughes III, Duke de Bourgogne (1314) and Béatrix, Dauphine du Viennois (1316). Divorced André dit Guigues VI, Comte d'Albon (1326): in 1211 at France. Died: after 1212.

--- 5th Generation ---

16. Renaud II, Count5 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2754) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 205.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.) (K.S.B. Keats-Rohan (Ed.), Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century , ISBN: 0-85115-625-8, (Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, Inc., 1997), Bur, Michel: Chapter 15: "De quelques champenois dans l'entourage français des rois d'Angleterre aux XIe et XIIe siècles", Page 342.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 632 - 633.). AKA: Renaud II, Seigneur de Luzarches (2754) (Abbott, Page 43.). Born: before 1080 at France, son of Hugues I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751) and Marguerite de Roucy (2752), Renaud II was alive in the year 1114 ... and is presumed to have been born before hisfather was 50 years of age. He took up the cross in the year 1099 (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 632 - 633.). Married in 1103 at France: Adèle, Countess de Vermandois (1286),, daughter of Herbert IV, Count de Vermandois (1955) and Adèle, Countess de Crépy (1957) (Adèle was Renaud II's first wife). Married in 1140 at France: Clémence de Bar-le-Duc (2757),, daughter of Renaud I, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (3220) and Gisle=Gisèle de Vaudémont (3219) (Clémence was Renaud II's second wife) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Bur, Michel: Chapter 15: "De quelques champenois dans l'entourage français des rois d'Angleterre aux XIe et XIIe siècles", Page 342.). Died: between 1156 and 1161 Renaud II was a crusader in 1152 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Bur, Michel: Chapter 15:"De quelques champenois dans l'entourage français des rois d'Angleterre aux XIe et XIIe siècles", Page 342.).

17. Clémence5 de Bar-le-Duc (2757) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 205.) (Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), Page 109, Line 149-28.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 June

1995 at 16:15 Hours.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Bur, Michel: Chapter 15: "De quelques champenois dans l'entourage français des rois d'Angleterre aux XIe et XIIe siècles", Page 342.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 632 - 633.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 632 - 633.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 632 - 633.). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2757). Married Name: de Nanteuil-le-Haudoin (2757). AKA: Clémence de Dammartin (2757). Born: between 1121 and 1123 at Bar-le-Duc,Lorraine, France, daughter of Renaud I, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (3220) and Gisle=Gisèle de Vaudémont (3219), Clémence is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Mathilde was born. Married before 1138: Albéric de Dammartin (23158),, son of Pierre, Comte de Dammartin (20686) and N? N? (23159). Married in 1140 at France: Renaud II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2754),, son of Hugues I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751) and Marguerite de Roucy (2752) (Clémence was Renaud II's second wife) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Bur, Michel: Chapter 15: "De quelques champenois dans l'entourage français des rois d'Angleterre aux XIe et XIIe siècles", Page 342.). Married in 1162 at France: Thibaut III, Seigneur de Nanteuil-le-Haudoin (17279),, son of Thibault I, Lord de Nanteuil-le-Haudoin (4262) and Élizabeth de Châtillon-sur-Marne (4263). Died: after 20 Jan 1183.

18. Valéran III, Seigneur5 de Breteuil (1597) (André Roux: Scrolls, 94, 164.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.). Born: before 1123 at Breteuil, Ile-de-France, France, son of Évrard III, Comte de Breteuil (11193) and Béatrix de Coucy (11192), Valéran III is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Alice was born. Married before 1141 at France: Holdeburge, Dame d'Ailly-sur-Noye (9695) (Holdeburge was Valéran III's first wife). Married between 1157 and 1160: Alix = Agnès de Dreux (1596),, daughter of Robert I, Comte de Dreux (1293) and Harvise d'Évreux (1594) (Valéran was Agnès' first husband). Died: circa 1163 (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.).

19. Holdeburge, Dame5 d'Ailly-sur-Noye (9695) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.). AKA: Holdeburge, Dame de Tartigny (9695). Married Name: de Breteuil (9695). Born: before 1126 at France Holdeburge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughterAlice was born. Married before 1141 at France: Valéran III, Seigneur de Breteuil (1597),, son of Évrard III, Comte de Breteuil (11193) and Béatrix de Coucy (11192) (Holdeburge was Valéran III's first wife).

20. Raoul II5 de Nesle (4373) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236, 255.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). AKA: Raoul II, Châtelain de Bruges (4373) (Abbott, Page 123.). AKA: Radulf, Burggrave de Bruges (4373). Born: before 1125, son of Raoul I de Nesle (4371) and Rainurde de Soissons (4372). Married before 1149: Gertrude d'Alsace (4374),, daughter of Lambert, Comte de Montaigu (14119) (Some sources assert that this Raoul married Gertrude de Montaigu, daughter of Lambert, Count de Montaigu instead of Gertrude d'Alsace. Whichever the wife, the offspring is not in disagreement). Died: between 1155 and 1160.

21. Gertrude5 d'Alsace (4374) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). Married Name: de Doornick (4374). Married Name: de Savoie (4374). Married Name: de Nesle (4374). MaterAlter: between 1134 and 1135 Sibylle d'Anjou (2942)/Gertrude d'Alsace (4374). PaterAlter between 1134 and 1135 Gertrude d'Alsace (4374)/Thierry I, Count de Flandre (2943) (an unknown value). Born: between 1134 and 1135, daughter of Lambert, Comte de Montaigu (14119), André Roux asserts that Gertrude's father was Thierry I de Flandre while E.S. [via Paul Theroff]indicates her father to be Lambert de Montaigu. Married before 1149: Raoul II de Nesle (4373),, son of Raoul I de Nesle (4371) and Rainurde de Soissons (4372) (Some sources assert that this Raoul married Gertrude de Montaigu, daughter of Lambert, Count de Montaigu instead of Gertrude d'Alsace. Whichever the wife, the offspring is not in disagreement). Died: after 1157. Married before 1172: Éverard III Radulph, Burggrave de Doornick(12233),, son of Éverard II Radulf, Burggrave de Doornick (14396) and Richilde de Hainaut (11182) (Gertrude was Éverard III's second wife).

22. Johan I5 van Peteghem (12573) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours; 9 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). AKA: Jean I de Cysoing (12573). Born: before 1128, son of Ingelbert IV van Peteghem (12575) and N? van Aalst (12576). Married before 1146 at France: Pétronelle d'Avesnes(12574),, daughter of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais (4080) and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4083). Died: circa 1154.

23. Pétronelle5 d'Avesnes (12574) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours; 9 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). AKA: Pétronille d'Avesnes (12574). Married Name: van Peteghem (12574). Born: between 1116 and 1131, daughter of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais (4080) and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4083), Pétronelle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Jean I. Married before 1146 at France: Johan I van Peteghem (12573),, son of Ingelbert IV van Peteghem (12575) and N? van Aalst (12576). Married before 1154: Roger de Landas (30116). Married Name: de Landas (12574). Died: after 1174.

24. Simon IV, Count5 de Montfort (3197) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). AKA: Simon "Le Chauve" (3197) (Abbott, Page 48.). AKA: Simon, Seigneur de La Ferté-Alais (3197) (Abbott, Page 104.). AKA: Simon IV, Count d'Évreux (3197). AKA: Simon II,Comte de Rochefort (3197). Born: before 1141 at France, son of Simon III de Montfort (12581) and Mahaut, Comtesse d'Évreux (12582), Simon II is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time he married Ermessinde. Married in 1159: Ermessinde de Brienne (3201),, daughter of Gui I=Gautier, Count de Bar-sur-Seine (7975) and Pétronille=Perrenelle de Chacenay (7976) (She was Simon de Rochefort's first wife) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome III (Volume 3), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 208.). Married in 1165: Amicie, Countess of Leicester (3200),, daughter of Robert III, Count of Leicester (3198) and Pérronnelle de Grandmesnil (3199) (Amicie was Simon II's second wife). Died: on 18 Jul 1186 at France Simon II is buried at Hautenbruyères, Belgium.

25. Amicie, Countess of5 Leicester (3200) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.). Married Name: des Barres (3200). Married Name: de Montfort (3200). AKA: Amicie de Beaumont (3200) (Abbott, Page 104.). Born: before 1155 at England, daughter of Robert III, Count of Leicester (3198) and Pérronnelle de Grandmesnil (3199), Amicie is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Simon II. Married in 1165: Simon IV, Count de Montfort (3197),, son of Simon III de Montfort (12581) and Mahaut, Comtesse d'Évreux (12582) (Amicie was Simon II's second wife). Married before 1181: Guillaume des Barres (20962). Died: on 3 Sep 1215.

26. Bouchard V, Seigneur5 de Montmorency (2083) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 184.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 11 February 1995 at 23:25 Hours.). Born: before 1153 at France, son of Mathieu I, Seigneur de Montmorency (3437) and Alice of England (3438). Married in 1173 at France: Laurence de Hainaut (2082),, daughter of Baudouin IV, Comte de Hainaut (2080) and Alice=Ermesende de Namur (2081). Died: in 1190 (Abbott, Page 49.).

27. Laurence5 de Hainaut (2082) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 184.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:40 Hours.). Married Name: Laurette de

Montmorency (2082). Married Name: von Aalst (2082). Born: between 1132 and 1141 at France, daughter of Baudouin IV, Comte de Hainaut (2080) and Alice=Ermesende de Namur (2081), Laurence was born after Yolande, and is presumed to have been at least 11 years of age when she married Dietrich. Married before 1166: Dietrich von Aalst (11177) (Dietrich was Laurence's first husband). Married in 1173 at France: Bouchard V, Seigneur de Montmorency (2083),, son of Mathieu I, Seigneur de Montmorency (3437) and Alice of England (3438). Died: in 1181.

Coat of Arm associated with Hughes III, Duc de Bourgogne.

28. Hughes III, Duke5 de Bourgogne (1314) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 127, 193.) (André Castelot, Alain Decaux, Marcel Jullian et J. Levron, Histoire de La France et des Français au Jour le Jour (Librairie Académique Perrin, 1976), Tome 2, Page 491.) (Abbott, Page 199.). AKA: Hughes III, Comte d'Albon (1314). AKA: Hughes III, Comte de Grenoble (1314). Born: in 1148 at France, son of Eudes II Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1310) and Marie de Champagne (1311). Married in 1165 at France: Alix de Lorraine (1315),, daughter of Mathieu I, Duke de Lorraine (3830) and Berthe de Souabe (3831) (Alix was Hughes III's first wife. Although André Roux indicates that Alix and Hughes III were married in 1165, other sources claim it was before 1148). Note - between 1180 and 1181 at Lagny-sur-Marne, France: Hughes III participaqted in the Tournaments at Lagny-sur-Marne.In 1180 or 1181, a series of great tournament was held at Lagny-sur-Marne on the borders of France and Champagne. The Story of William Marshal tells that there came 19 counts, the duke of Burgundy and about 3000 knights from France, Flanders, Low Lands, Germany, Normandy, England, Anjou and elsewhere. Henry the young, son and heir of king Henry II of England came with more than 200 knights handsomely paid. No kings attended. The Church condemned tournaments. There, knights fought for glory and money in what looked like genuine pitched battles. But the objective was not killing,even if some found their death there, but capturing men and horses. Tournaments were held almost every two weeks. William Marshal earned, in a few years, fortune and fame. He and his fellow knights had captured and ransomed some 103 knights in 10 months of tournaments. Annulled he and Alix deLorraine (1315): in 1183 at France (an unknown value). AKA: Hughes III, Dauphin du Viennois (1314). Married on 1 Sep 1183 at Saint-Gilles-en-Languedoc, Languedoc, France: Béatrix, Dauphine du Viennois (1316),, daughter of Guigues X, Dauphin d'Albon (2470) and Béatrix de Montferrat (2471) (Béatrix was Hughes III's second wife, and he was her second husband). Note - between 27 Mar 1188 and 25 Aug 1192: Hughes III participated and died in the Third Crusade.Third Crusade (27 March 1188 – 9 October 1192).

After the failure of the Second Crusade, Nur ad-Din had control of Damascus and a unified Syria.Eager to expand his power, Nur ad-Din set his sights on the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt. In 1163, Nur ad-Din's most trusted general, Shirkuh set out on a military expedition to the Nile. Accompanying the general was his young nephew, Saladin.With Shirkuh's troops camped outside of Cairo, Egypt's sultan, Shawar called on King Amalric I of Jerusalem for assistance. In response, Amalric sent an army into Egypt and attacked Shirkuh's troops at Bilbeis in 1164.In an attempt to divert Crusader attention from Egypt, Nur ad-Din attacked Antioch, resulting in a massacre of Christian soldiers and the capture of several Crusader leaders, including Bohemond III, Prince of Antioch. Nur ad-Din sent the scalps of the Christian defenders to Egypt for Shirkuh to proudly display at Bilbeis for Amalric's soldiers to see. This action prompted both Amalric and Shirkuh to lead their armies out of Egypt.In 1167, Nur ad-Din once again sent Shirkuh to conquer the Fatimids in Egypt. Shawar also opted to once again call upon Amalric for the defence of his territory. The combined Egyptian-Christian forces pursued Shirkuh until he retreated to Alexandria. Amalric then breached his alliance with Shawar by turning his forces on Egypt and besieging the city of Bilbeis. Shawar pleaded with his former enemy, Nur ad-Din to save him from Amalric's treachery. Lacking the resources to maintain a prolonged siege of Cairo against the combined forces of Nur ad-Din and Shawar, Amalric retreated. This new alliance gave Nur ad-Din rule over virtually all of Syria and Egypt. Shawar was executed for his alliances with the Christian forces, and Shirkuh succeeded him as vizier of Egypt. In 1169, Shirkuh died unexpectedly after only weeks of rule. Shirkuh's successor was his nephew, Salah ad-Din Yusuf, commonly known as Saladin. Nur ad-Din died in 1174, leaving the new empire to his 11-year old son, As-Salih. It was decided that the only man competent enough to uphold the jihad against the Crusaders was Saladin, who became sultan of both Egypt and Syria, and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.Amalric also died in 1174, leaving Jerusalem to his 13-year old son, Baldwin IV. Although Baldwin suffered from leprosy, he was an effective and active military commander, defeating Saladin at the battle of Montgisard in 1177, with support from Raynald of Châtillon, who had been released from prison in 1176. Later, he forged an agreement with Saladin to allow free trade between Muslim and Christian territories. Raynald also raided caravans throughoutthe region. He expanded his piracy to the Red Sea by sending galleys not only to raid ships, but to assault the city of Mecca itself. These acts enraged the Muslim world, giving Raynald a reputation as the most hated man in the Middle East.Baldwin IV died in 1185 and the kingdom was left to his nephew Baldwin V, whom he had crowned as co-king in 1183. Raymond III of Tripoli again served as regent. The following year, Baldwin V died before his ninth birthday, and his mother Princess Sybilla, sister of Baldwin IV, crowned herself queen and her husband, Guy of Lusignan, king.It was at this time that Raynald, once again, raided a rich caravan and had its travelers thrown in prison. Saladin demanded that the prisoners and their cargo be released. The newly crowned King Guy appealed to Raynald to give in to Saladin's demands, but Raynald refused to follow the king's orders. It was this final act of outrage by Raynald which gave Saladin the opportunity he needed to take the offensive against the kingdom. He laid siege to the city of Tiberias in 1187. Raymond advised patience, but King Guy, acting on advice from Raynald, marched his army to the Horns of Hattin outside of Tiberias.The Crusader army, thirsty and demoralized, was destroyed in the ensuing battle. King Guy and Raynald were brought to Saladin's tent, where Guy wasoffered a goblet of water. Guy took a drink but was forbidden to pass the goblet to Raynald, because the Muslim rule of hospitality states that one who receives food or drink is under the protection of the host, and that anyone in need of water should be given an adequate amount. Saladin would not be forced to protect the treacherous Raynald by allowing him to drink. Raynald, who had not had a drop of water in days, grabbed the goblet out of Guy's hands. Upon seeing Raynald's disrespect for Muslim custom, Saladin beheaded Raynald for past betrayals. Saladin honored tradition with King Guy; Guy was sent to Damascus and eventually ransomed to his people, one of the few captive crusaders to avoid execution. By the end of the year, Saladinhad taken Acre and Jerusalem. Pope Urban III is said to have collapsed and died upon hearing the news. However, at the time of his death, the news ofthe fall of Jerusalem could not yet have reached him, although he knew of the battle of Hattin and the fall of Acre.

The new pope, Gregory VIII proclaimed that the capture of Jerusalem was punishment for the sins of Christians across Europe. The cry went up for a new crusade to the Holy Land. Henry II of England and Philip II of France ended their war with each other, and both imposed a "Saladin tithe" on their citizens to finance the venture. In Britain, Baldwin of Exeter, the archbishop of Canterbury, made a tour through Wales, convincing 3,000 men-at-arms totake up the cross, recorded in the Itinerary of Giraldus Cambrensis. The elderly Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa responded to the call immediately. He took up the Cross at Mainz Cathedral on 27 March 1188 and was the first to set out for the Holy Land in May of 1189 with an army of about 100,000 men, including 20,000 knights. However, some historians believe that this is an exaggeration and that the true figure might be closer to 15,000 men, including 3,000 knights.

The Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelus made a secret alliance with Saladin to impede Frederick's progress in exchange for his empire's safety. On 18 May 1190, the German army captured Iconium, the capital of the Sultanate of Rüm. However, on 10 June 1190, Frederick was thrown from his horse in the crossing of the Saleph River and drowned. After this, much of his army returned to Germany. His son Frederick of Swabia led the remaining 5,000 men to Antioch. There, the emperor's body was boiled to remove the flesh, which was interred in the Church of St. Peter; his bones were put in a bag to continue the crusade. In Antioch, however, the German army was further reduced by fever. Young Frederick had to ask the assistance of his kinsman Conrad of Montferrat to lead him safely to Acre, by way of Tyre, where his father's bones were buried. Henry II of England died on 6 July 1189 following a defeat by his son Richard I (Lionheart) and Philip II. Richard inherited the crown and immediately began raising funds for the crusade. In July 1190, Richard and Philip set out jointly from Marseille, France for Sicily. Philip II had hired a Genoese fleet to transport his army which consisted of 650 knights, 1,300 horses, and 1,300 squires to the Holy Land.William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who placed Joan of England—William's wife and Richard's sister—in prison. Richard captured the capital city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191, and arrived in Tyre in mid-May. He joined the siege of Acre on 20 May. Richard did not set off from Sicily until 10 April.Shortly after setting sail from Sicily, Richard's armada of 100 ships (carrying 8,000 men) was struck by a violent storm. Several ships ran aground, including one holding Joan, his new fiancée Berengaria, and a large amount of treasure that had been amassed for the crusade. It was soon discovered that Isaac Dukas Comnenus of Cyprus had seized the treasure. The young women were unharmed. Richard entered Limassol on 6 May, and met with Isaac, who agreed to return Richard's belongings and send 500 of his soldiers to the Holy Land. Once back at his fortress of Famagusta, Isaac broke hisoath of hospitality and began issuing orders for Richard to leave the island. Isaac's arrogance prompted Richard to conquer the island within days.

In July 1188, Saladin gives in freedom Guy de Lusignan, king of Jerusalem captured the previous year with the Bataille of Hattin, after him to have madesolemnly swear not to take the weapons against the Moslems any more. In August 1189, Guy de Lusignan, broke his word the seat in front of the port of Acre. It has modest forces, but each day of the ships charged combatants arrive from Occident in reinforcement (September)., which tries to take them out of clipper. He had attempted to take command of the Christian forces at Tyre, but Conrad of Montferrat held power there after his successful defense of the city from Muslim attacks. Guy turned his attention to the wealthy port of Acre. The city is doubly encircled: around the ramparts, the Francs form an arc. Guy amassed an army to besiege the city and received aid from Philip's newly-arrived French army. However, it was still not enough to counter Saladin's force, which besieged the besiegers. In summer 1190, in one of the numerous outbreaks of disease in the camp, Queen Sibylla and her young daughters died. Guy, although only king by right of marriage, endeavored to retain his crown, although the rightful heir was Sibylla's half-sister Isabella. After a hastily arranged divorce from Humphrey IV of Toron, Isabella was married to Conrad of Montferrat, who claimed the kingship in her name. During the winter of 1190-91, there were further outbreaks of dysentery and fever, which claimed the lives of Frederick of Swabia,Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem, and Thibauld V of Blois. When the sailing season began again in spring 1191, Leopold V of Austria arrived and took command of what remained of the imperial forces. Philippe of France arrived with his troops from Sicily in May. Richard arrived at Acre on 8 June 1191 and immediately began supervising the construction of siege weapons to assault the city. The city was captured on 12 July.

Richard, Philippe, and Leopold quarreled over the spoils of their victory. Richard cast down the German standard from the city, slighting Leopold. Also, inthe struggle for the kingship of Jerusalem, Richard supported Guy, while Philip and Leopold supported Conrad, who was related to them both. It was decided that Guy would continue to rule, but that Conrad would receive the crown upon his death. Frustrated with Richard (and in Philip's case, in poor health), Philip and Leopold took their armies and left the Holy Land in August. Philip left 10,000 French crusaders in the Holy Land and 5,000 silver marks to pay them. When it became apparent that Saladin was not willing to pay the terms of the treaty at Acre, Richard had 2700 Muslim prisoners executed on 20 August outside of Acre in full view of Saladin's camp. In response, Saladin likewise executed the Christian prisoners which he had captured.

After the capture of Acre, Richard decided to march to the city of Jaffa, where he could launch an attack on Jerusalem but on 7 September 1191, at Arsuf, 30 miles (50 km) north of Jaffa, Saladin attacked Richard's army. Saladin attempted to lure Richard's forces out to be easily picked off, but Richard maintained his formation until the Hospitallers rushed in to take Saladin's right flank, while the Templars took the left. Richard then won the battle.

Following his victory, Richard took Jaffa and established his new headquarters there. He offered to begin negotiations with Saladin, who sent his brother,Al-Adil to meet with Richard. Negotiations (which had included an attempt to marry Richard's sister Joan to Al-Adil) failed, and Richard marched to Ascalon.Richard called on Conrad to join him on campaign, but he refused, citing Richard's alliance with King Guy. He too had been negotiating with Saladin, as a defence against any attempt by Richard to wrest Tyre from him for Guy. However, in April, Richard was forced to accept Conrad as king of Jerusalem after an election by the nobles of the kingdom. Guy had received no votes at all, but Richard sold him Cyprus as compensation. Before he could be crowned, Conrad was stabbed to death by two Hashshashin in the streets of Tyre. Eight days later, Richard's nephew Henry II of Champagne married Queen Isabella, who was pregnant with Conrad's child. It was strongly suspected that the king's killers had acted on instructions from Richard.In July 1192, Saladin's army suddenly attacked and captured Jaffa with thousands of men, but Saladin had lost control of his army because of their anger for the massacre at Acre. It was believed that Saladin even told the Crusaders to shield themselves in the Citadel until he had regained control of his army. Later, Richard had arrived in ships, but did not land because he did not know the situation, until a priest swam to the ship and told him what happened. The city was then re-captured by Richard and a much smaller force of 55 men on 31 July. A final battle was fought on 5 August in which Richard once again emerged triumphant.On September 2, 1192, Richard and Saladin finalized a treaty by which Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, but which also allowed unarmed Christian pilgrims to visit the city. Richard departed the Holy Land on 9 October.

Richard was arrested and imprisoned in December 1192 by Duke Leopold, who suspected him of murdering his cousin Conrad of Montferrat, and had been offended by Richard casting down his standard from the walls of Acre. He was later transferred to the custody of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and it took a ransom of one hundred fifty thousand marks to obtain his release. Richard returned to England in 1194 and died of a crossbow bolt wound in 1199 at the age of 41.In 1193, Saladin died of yellow fever, leaving behind only one piece of gold and forty-seven pieces of silver; he had given the rest away to charity. Henry of Champagne was killed in an accidental fall in 1197. Queen Isabella then married for a fourth time, to Amalric of Lusignan, who had succeeded his brother Guy, positioned as King of Cyprus. After their deaths in 1205, her eldest daughter Maria of Montferrat (born after her father's murder) succeeded to the throne of Jerusalem.

The failure of the Third Crusade would lead to the call for a Fourth Crusade six years after the third ended in 1192. Accounts of events surrounding the Third Crusade were written by the anonymous authors of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, the Old French Continuation of William ofTyre (parts of which are attributed to Ernoul), and by Ambroise, Roger of Howden, Ralph of Diceto, and Giraldus Cambrensis.

Note - on 7 Sep 1191: Hughes III fought at the Battle of Arsouf.The Battle of Arsuf 7 September 1191 was a battle of the Third Crusade in which Richard I of England defeated Saladin at Arsuf. After capturing Acre in1191, Richard fought many engagements with Saladin, whose main objective was to prevent the recapture of Jerusalem. Knowing he would need to control the port of Jaffa before making an attempt on Jerusalem, Richard began to march down the coast from Acre in August 1191.Richard organized the advance with attention to detail. Mindful of the lessons of the disaster at Hattin, he knew that his army's greatest need was water and heat exhaustion its greatest danger. Though pressed for time, he marched only in the morning before the heat of the day. He made frequent rest stops, always beside sources of water. The fleet sailed down the coast in close support, a source of supplies and a refuge for the wounded. Aware of theever-present danger of enemy raiders and the possibility of hit-and-run attacks, he kept the column in tight formation with a core of twelve mounted regiments, each with a hundred knights. The infantry marched on the landward flank, covering the flanks of the horsemen. Tormented by Saladin's archers and by tarantulas, which came out at night, Richard's generalship ensured that order and discipline were maintained under the most difficult of circumstances. Baha ad-Din, the Muslim chronicler, describes the march thus:“ "The Muslims were shooting arrows on their flanks, trying to incite them to break ranks, while they controlled themselves severely and covered the route in this way, travelling very steadily as their ships moved along at sea opposite them, until they completed each stage and camped."As the Crusader army marched to the far side of the river at Caesarea, Saladin was making his own dispositions. He had planned to place his army by the old Roman roads further into the interior, allowing him to attack in any direction as the occasion presented itself. But the coastal advance of the Crusaders compelled him to follow on a parallel course. As the first light, harassing attacks failed to have the intended effect; these were stepped up in intensity, becoming mini-battles in the process. When Richard's army approached Caesarea on 30 August, the rear guard, commanded by Hugh III of

Burgundy, came under serious onslaught, cutting it off from the rest of the army for a time. Richard managed to rally the troops, as the whole of the armycried Sanctum Sepulchrum adjuva ("Help us, Holy Sepulchre!").Saladin, assessing the enemy line of advance, decided to make a stand at Arsuf near Jaffa, with his army facing west towards the Crusaders and the sea. His northern flank was protected by the Forest of Arsuf, with the marshy Rochetaillée river to the front. To the south, his left flank was secured by a series of wooded hills, going down to the ruins of the town of Arsuf itself. The plan was to draw the Crusaders out by a series of advances followed by feigned retreats, and destroy them by sustained attacks once their ranks were broken. Between the hills of Arsuf and the sea there was only a two-mile (3 km) gap, leaving Richard little room for manoeuvre, and restricting the possibility of a concentrated charge by the armored knights. Saladin saw this as the perfect trap; but Richard was quick to turn it into an opportunity.Day of battleAt dawn on September 7, 1191, Richard's heralds travelled the camp, announcing that battle would be joined that day. The Knights Templar under Robert de Sablé were ordered to the fore, along with the Angevins and the Bretons, followed by Guy of Lusignan and the Poitevins. Next came the Anglo-Normans, and then the Flemings under James of Avesnes. After the Flemish came the French, and finally the Knights Hospitaller, headed by Fra' Garnier de Nablus. Under the leadership of Henry II of Champagne, a small troop was detached to scout the hills, and a squadron of knights under Hughof Burgundy was detached to ride up and down the ranks ensuring that they were kept in order.The first Saracen attack came at nine o'clock in the morning. In an attempt to destroy the cohesion of the enemy and unsettle their resolve, the onslaught was accompanied by the clashing of cymbals and gongs, trumpets blowing and men screaming. The Itinerarium Regis Ricardi records that "So the unspeakable Turks fell on our army from all sides, from the direction of the sea and from dry land. There was not a space for two miles (3 km) around, not even a fistful, which was not covered with the hostile Turkish race." When this failed to have the desired effect, the attack was switched to the left flank of the Crusader army, with the Hospitallers coming under the greatest pressure. Bit by bit the onslaught extended across the rest of Richard's line. These incursions followed the same pattern: the Bedouins and Nubians launched arrows and javelins into the enemy lines, before parting to allow the mounted archers to advance, attack and wheel off, a well-practiced technique. Crusader crossbowmen responded, when this was possible, although the chief task among the Crusaders was simply to preserve their ranks in the face of sustained provocation. At several points along the line, thetwo armies were engaged in close hand-to-hand combat.ll Saladin's best efforts could not dislocate the Crusader column, or halt its advance in the direction of Arsuf. Richard was determined to hold his army together, forcing the enemy to exhaust themselves in repeated charges, with the intention of holding his knights for a concentrated counter-attack at just the right moment. There were risks in this, because the army was not only marching under severe enemy provocation, but the troops were suffering fromheat and thirst. Just as serious, the Saracens were killing so many horses that some of Richard's own knights began to wonder if a counter-strike would be possible.Just as the vanguard entered Arsuf in the middle of the afternoon, the Hospitaller crossbowmen to the rear were having to load and fire walking backwards. Inevitably they lost cohesion, and the enemy was quick to take advantage of this opportunity, moving into the gap. For the Crusaders, the Battle of Arsuf had now entered a critical stage. Garnier de Nablus pleaded with Richard to be allowed to attack. He refused, ordering the Master to maintain position. This was more than the Hospitaller could endure. He charged into the Saracen ranks with a cry of St. George!, followed quickly by the rest of his knights. Moved by this example, the French followed.The hasty action of the Hospitallers could have caused Richard's whole strategy to unravel. But just as Garnier de Nablus began his attack, Saladin's archers had dismounted to direct their arrows more accurately, and were overwhelmed by the unexpected Hospitaller onslaught.Richard knew that if he did not support the Hospitallers, they would soon be cut down and slaughtered. But if he decided to send more knights after them, he might throw away his whole force. Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri, one of Saladin's commanders, managed to rally his men intending to attack the enemy bowmen. Before he was in a position to do so Richard regrouped his army and sent a second charge of Breton and Angevin knights towards Saladin's left flank. Richard himself led a third and final charge composed of Norman and English knights.Leading by example, the King was in the heart of the fighting, as the Itinerarium explains: King Richard pursued the Turks with singular ferocity, fell upon them and scattered them across the ground. No one escaped when his sword made contact with them; wherever he went his brandished sword cleared a wide path on all sides. Continuing his advance with untiring sword strokes, he cut down that unspeakable race as if he were reaping the harvest with a sickle, so that the corpses of Turks he had killed covered the ground everywhere for the space of half a mile."[4]In an attempt to restore the situation, Taqi al-Din, Saladin's nephew, led 700 men of the Sultan's own bodyguard against Richard's left flank. Alert to the danger presented to his scattered ranks, Richard regrouped his forces once more for a third and final charge. It was more pressure than the enemy could withstand; Saladin's army broke, closely pursued across the hills of Arsuf by the Crusader knights. The King's banner was set on Saladin's hill, while the Saracen camp was looted. With darkness closing in, Richard allowed no further pursuit.As always with medieval battles, losses are difficult to assess with any precision. The Christian chroniclers claim the Muslims lost 32 emirs and 7,000 men, but it is possible or likely that the true number may have been considerably less than this. Richard's own dead are said to have numbered no more than 700, which included James of Avesnes.Arsuf was an important victory; but unlike Saladin's early triumph at the Horns of Hattin, it was far from decisive. The enemy army was not destroyed. Saladin was able to regroup and resume skirmishing. With the Saracens still intact, Richard decided that the prudent action would be to secure his flank by taking and fortifying Jaffa, thus interrupting the advance on Jerusalem. The onset of the winter meant it could not be resumed. Arsuf had dented Saladin's reputation as an invincible warrior and proved Richard's courage as soldier and his skill as a commander; but in the long run, it was to be no more significant than that. Richard was able to take, defend and hold Jaffa. He was never to reach Jerusalem.In terms of the impact of Arsuf on the conduct of the rest of the conflict, the victory in a sense worked against the favor of the crusaders: the loss motivated Saladin to make an important shift in strategies. Saladin realized that Richard was a very capable commander and that it would be extremely difficult to defeat him in another pitched battle. From this point onward, Saladin shifted to a strategy of avoiding direct pitched battle with Richard's main forces in favor of harassing the crusader forces to wear down their strength, a strategy that ultimately succeeded.There are descriptions of the battle in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi, the Old French continuation of William of Tyre called Estoire d'Eracles and, from the Kurdish and Arab side, in Baha ad-Din's Rare and Excellent History of Saladin, Abu Shama and Ibn al-Athir.

Died: on 25 Aug 1192 at Saint-Jean-d'Acre, Palestine, Holy Land, Castelot and colleagues as well as André Roux place Hughes III's death in 1192, with Castelot showing the more detailed date, but Abbott indicates Hughes III died in 1193.

29. Béatrix, Dauphine5 du Viennois (1316) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 110, 127.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 12 May 1995 at 02:56 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (1316). Married Name: de Coligny (1316). AKA: Béatrix, Comtesse d'Albon (1316). AKA: Béatrix, Countess de Grenoble (1316). Married Name: de Toulouse (1316). AKA: Béatrix, Dauphine du Dauphiné (1316) (Abbott, Page 581.). Born: in 1161 at France, daughter of Guigues X, Dauphind'Albon (2470) and Béatrix de Montferrat (2471). Married between 1164 and 1179 at France: Albéric de Toulouse (13171),, son of Raimond V, Count deToulouse (1297) and Constance, Princess de France (1296) (Albéric was Béatrix's first husband). Married on 1 Sep 1183 at Saint-Gilles-en-Languedoc,Languedoc, France: Hughes III, Duke de Bourgogne (1314),, son of Eudes II Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1310) and Marie de Champagne (1311) (Béatrix was Hughes III's second wife, and he was her second husband). Married in 1193: Hughes, Seigneur de Coligny (1888),, son of Humbert II, Seigneur de Coligny (1884) and Ide de Vienne (1885) (Hughes de Coligny was Béatrix's third husband). Died: on 15 Dec 1228 at Château de Vizille, France, Béatrix is buried at the Abbaye des Ayes.

30. Raimon=Raynier5 de Sabran (4219) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148, 220.) (Stuart, Page 86, Line 116-28.) (Abbott, Page 396.) (André Roux: Scrolls.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Raimon, Seigneur de Castellar (4219). AKA: Raynier, dit Seigneur de Claustral (4219). AKA: Raimond I, Seigneur du Caylar (4219). AKA: Rainon III, Seigneur d'Uzès (4219) (Abbott, Page 398.). Born: circa 1155 at Sabran, Languedoc, France, son of Rostaing, Seigneur de Sabran (4215) and Rosine=Roscie, Dame d'Uzès (4216). Married circa 1178: Garsende de Forcalquier (4220),, daughter of Guillaume II/VI, Count de Forcalquier (2975) and Adélaïde de Béziers (2978). Died: in 1224 By a second marriage, Raimon had two sons, Raimon and Guillaume.

31. Garsende5 de Forcalquier (4220) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148, 220.) (Stuart, Page 86, Line 116-28; Page 145, Line 195-28.) (Abbott, Page 613.). Married Name: de Sabran (4220). AKA: Gersende de Provence (4220). Born: before 1168 at France, daughter of Guillaume II/VI, Count de Forcalquier(2975) and Adélaïde de Béziers (2978), Garsende is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Raynier. Married circa 1178: Raimon=Raynier de Sabran (4219),, son of Rostaing, Seigneur de Sabran (4215) and Rosine=Roscie, Dame d'Uzès (4216). Note - in 1208 at France: Gersende was the heiress of Provence and Forcalquier. Some sources indicate she died in 1193, however, she then could not have been the heiress ofForcalquier. Died: after 1209 at France.

--- 6th Generation ---

32. Hugues I, Comte6 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 198.) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.). AKA:Hughes I, Seigneur de Creil (2751). AKA: Hughes, Count de Mouchy (2751) The Château of Mouchy or Monchy [Oise] was held by Hughes. His daughter Richilde took it to Dreux II de Mello (Abbott, Page 50.). AKA: Hughes, Seigneur de Luzarches (2751) The Seigneurie de Luzarches was held by Hughes, Comte de Clermont. It was divided, one half to his son, the other half to his daughter (Abbott, Page 43.). Born: before 1030 at France, son of Renaud, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2749) and Ermengarde de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2750), Hughes is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Adélise was born. Married before 1042: Marguerite de Roucy (2752),, daughter of Hildouin, Comte d'Arcis-sur-Aube (2604) and Adélaïde=Alice, Countess de Roucy (2603). Died: in 1101.

33. Marguerite6 de Roucy (2752) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 198.) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-29.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.). AKA: Marguerite de Montdidier (2752). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2752). Born: in 1031, daughter of Hildouin, Comte d'Arcis-sur-Aube (2604) and Adélaïde=Alice, Countess de Roucy (2603). Married before 1042: Hugues I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751),, son of Renaud, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2749) and Ermengarde de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2750).

34. Renaud I, Comte6 de Bar-le-Duc (3220) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169, 205.) (Stuart, Page 109, Line 149-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 26 June 1995 at 01:24 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 640.). AKA: Renaud I, Count de Mousson (3220). Also Known As: Renaud "Le Borgne" (3220) (Abbott, Pages 545, 549.). AKA: Renaud I, Comte de Brie (3220) (Citing: Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs, GrandsOfficiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy: et des anciens Barons du Royaume, Collection H&G, (édition originale 1726-1733 et suppplément de

Potier de Courcy en 12 volumes), n.d., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Renaud I, Comte de Verdun (3220) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Renaud, Seigneur de Commercy (3220) The Seigneurie de Commercy existed from 858. It was at first held by the Emperor, and then by the bishops of Metz, who confided it to seigneurs. Around 970, the Seigneur was Louis de Mousson, ancestor of the second House of Bar-le-Duc. Early in the Eleventh Century, the seigneurs had to render homage to the counts of Champagne who claimed the fief as part of the dowry of a countess of royal birth. But, at the end of the century, the Bishop of Metz was suzerain (Abbott, Page 549.). Born: between 1066 and 1090 at Alsace, France, son of Thierry I/II, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (2397) and Ermentrude de Bourgogne (2396). Note - between 1110 and 1149: Renaud I was an opponent of the Emperor Henry V. He went on the Second Great Crusade with King Louis VII in 1147. He founded the Priory of Monçon and the Monastery at Rièval. Married in 1120 at France: Gisle=Gisèle de Vaudémont (3219),, daughter of Gérard, Count de Vaudémont (3217) and Helvide de Dabo (3218) (Gisèle was Renaud I's second wife. He had had a son who died young by his first wife). Died: on 10 Mar 1149 Renaud I is buried at Mousson, France.

35. Gisle=Gisèle6 de Vaudémont (3219) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169.) (Stuart, Page 182, Line 246-29.). Married Name: de Bar-le-Duc (3219). Born: circa 1092 at Vaudémont, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine, France, daughter of Gérard, Count de Vaudémont (3217) and Helvide de Dabo (3218). Marriedin 1120 at France: Renaud I, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (3220),, son of Thierry I/II, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (2397) and Ermentrude de Bourgogne (2396) (Gisèle was Renaud I's second wife. He had had a son who died young by his first wife). Died: in 1127.

36. Évrard III, Comte6 de Breteuil (11193) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). AKA: Évrard, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (11193) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). Born: circa 1100, son of Valéran II, Seigneur de Breteuil (12609) and Yvette N? (12610). Married after 1115: Béatrix de Coucy (11192),, daughter of Thomas I, Sire de Coucy (3134) and Ide=Ade de Hainaut (2094). Died: in 1147.

37. Béatrix6 de Coucy (11192) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: de Breteuil (11192). Born: circa 1103, daughter of Thomas I, Sire de Coucy (3134) and Ide=Ade de Hainaut (2094). Married after 1115: Évrard III, Comte de Breteuil (11193),, son of Valéran II, Seigneur de Breteuil (12609) and Yvette N? (12610).

40. Raoul I6 de Nesle (4371) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236, 255.). Born: before 1099 at France, son of Yves II, Seigneur de Nesle (4367) and Ermentrude de Soissons (4368), Raoul I was alive in the year 1119. Some sources indicate that Raoul was the son of Yves, whom André Roux has as Raoul's grandfather. In addition, the same sources indicate that Yves' wife was Ramentrude, daughter of Guillaume dit Bussac de Soissons, whom André Roux has as Raoul's wife. Thus, André Roux had this Raoul as grandson of Yves II rather than son. Under those conditions, dates of birth of the offsprings would not have matched. Ramentrude would have been too old. Married before 1120 at France: Rainurde de Soissons (4372). Died: after 1125 Raoul I was alive in the year 1125.

41. Rainurde6 de Soissons (4372) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236, 255.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). Married Name: de Nesle (4372). Born: before 1106 at France Rainurde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Yves, was born. Married before 1120 at France: Raoul I de Nesle (4371),, son of Yves II, Seigneur de Nesle (4367) and Ermentrude de Soissons (4368).

42. Lambert, Comte6 de Montaigu (14119) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). Born: before 1114 Lambert is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Gertrude was born.

44. Ingelbert IV6 van Peteghem (12575) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). AKA: Ingelbert IV de Cysoing (12575). Born: before 1094 at Belgium, son of Ingelbert III van Peteghem (12577) and N? N? (12578), Ingelbert IV is presumed to have been born before his father, Ingelbert III, was 50 years of age. Married before 1127: N? van Aalst (12576),, daughter of Baudouin I van Ghent (12579) and N? N? (12580). Died: after 1135 Ingelbert IV was alive in the year 1135.

45. N?6 van Aalst (12576) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: van Peteghem (12576). Born: before 1082 at Belgium, daughter of Baudouin I van Ghent (12579) and N? N? (12580). Married before 1127: Ingelbert IV van Peteghem (12575),, son of Ingelbert III van Peteghem (12577) and N? N? (12578).

46. Gautier I6 d'Oisy-de-Tournais (4080) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). AKA: Wautier I d'Oisy (4080). Also Known As: Gautier "Le Beau" (4080) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). Born: in 1110 at France, son of Fastré II d'Oisy (4078) and Richilde N? (4079), Gautier I dropped the named'Oissy and took up the name d'Avesnes. Married before 1115 at Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium: Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4083),, daughter of Évrard I, Duke de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4081) and Francka N? (4082). AKA: Walter I, Seigneur de Leuse (4080). AKA: Wautier, Seigneur de Condé (4080) The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Galterum…germani sui [=Gosceguinus] Fastradi filium", specifying that his paternal uncle appointed him as his successor, and that he succeeded in "castrum Avesniense totamque pene regionem illam que dicitur Bracbantus." AKA: Gautier I, Seigneur d'Avesnes (4080) The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Galterum…germani sui [=Gosceguinus] Fastradi filium", specifying that his paternal uncle appointed him as his successor, and that he succeeded in "castrum Avesniense totamque pene regionem illam que dicitur Bracbantus" (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). Died: in 1147 at France.

47. Yde=Ada6 de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4083) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). Married Name: d'Avesnes (4083). AKA: Yde de Mortaigne (4083) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). Born: before 1090, daughter of Évrard I, Duke de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4081) and Francka N? (4082), Yde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Thierry was born. Married before 1115 at Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium: Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais (4080),, son of Fastré II d'Oisy (4078) and Richilde N? (4079).

48. Simon III6 de Montfort (12581) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). AKA: Simon II, Count d'Évreux (12581) (Abbott, Page 230.). AKA: Simon, Seigneur de La Ferté-Alais (12581) (Abbott, Page 104.). Born: between 1121 and 1129, son of Amaury III, Seigneur de Montfort (3194) and Agnès de Garlande (3196), Simon is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Simon II was born. Some sources skip this generation, however, the fact that he is buried at a different place than his son indicates they were two different persons. Married before 1146: Mahaut, Comtesse d'Évreux (12582). Died: on 13 Mar 1181 at France Simon is buried at the Cathedral of Évreux.

49. Mahaut, Comtesse6 d'Évreux (12582) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (Source is from a note posted on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service a computer online service, by Robert L. Brooks, Prodigy ID [dkbm63a], E-Mail message, 11 February 1998 at 11:12 Hours.). Married Name: de Montfort (12582). Born: circa 1126 at France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Robert L. Brooks, Prodigy ID [dkbm63a], E-Mail message, 11 February 1998 at 11:12 Hours.). Married before 1146: Simon III de Montfort (12581),, son of Amaury III, Seigneur de Montfort (3194) and Agnès de Garlande (3196). Died: in 1168 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Robert L. Brooks, ProdigyID [dkbm63a], E-Mail message, 11 February 1998 at 11:12 Hours.).

50. Robert III, Count of6 Leicester (3198) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (von Redlich, Marcellus Donald R., Pedigrees and Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants in ISBN: 0-8063-0494-4 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1996), Page 129.). AKA: Robert, 3rd. Earl of Leicester (3198). AKA: Robert II, Seigneur de Breteuil (3198) (Abbott, Page 227.). Born: before 1137 at England, son of Robert de Beaumont-le-Roger (18063) and Amicie de Montfort (18064), Robert III is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Amicie was born. Married before 1155: Pérronnelle de Grandmesnil (3199),, daughter of Hughes de Grandmesnil (9876) and N? N? (18804). Died: in 1190 at Durres, Durazzo, Dyrrachium, Albania, Robert III, styled "ès Blanchemains", was a crusader and died on his return from Jerusalem.

51. Pérronnelle6 de Grandmesnil (3199) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.). Married Name: Leicester (3199). Born: before 1140 at Grentemesnil, Normandie,France, daughter of Hughes de Grandmesnil (9876) and N? N? (18804), Pérronnelle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Amicie was born. Pétronille was the heiress of the Norman Honor of Grandmesnil. Married before 1155: Robert III, Count of Leicester (3198),,son of Robert de Beaumont-le-Roger (18063) and Amicie de Montfort (18064). Died: on 1 Apr 1212 (von Redlich, Page 129.).

Coat of Arms associated with Mathieu I de Montmorency.

52. Mathieu I, Seigneur6 de Montmorency (3437) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184, 231.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 26 April 1994 @ 18:47 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 351.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 351.). Occupation: Mathieu I was the supreme military commander of French forces under Louis VII, King of France. Born: circa 1100 at Montmorency, Ile-de-France, France, son of Bouchard IV, Lord de Montmorency (3435) and Agnès de Beaumont-sur-Oise (3436). Married circa 1126: Alice of England (3438),, daughter of Henry I, King of England (2940) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married circa 1140: Alix=Adélaïde de Maurienne (1288),, daughter of Humbert II, Comte de Savoie (2117) and Gisle=Gisèle, Countess de Bourgogne (2118). PaterAlter before 1155 Mathieu I, Seigneur de Montmorency (3437)/Mathieu II, Lord de Marly (3439) (an unknown value). Died: in 1160.

53. Alice of6 England (3438) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184, 231.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). Married Name: de Montmorency (3438). Born Illeg.: before 1116 -, daughter of Henry I, King of England (2940), -. Married circa 1126: Mathieu I, Seigneur de Montmorency (3437),, sonof Bouchard IV, Lord de Montmorency (3435) and Agnès de Beaumont-sur-Oise (3436) (André Roux: Scrolls.). MaterAlter: before 1155 Mathieu II, Lord de Marly (3439)/Alice of England (3438).

54. Baudouin IV, Comte6 de Hainaut (2080) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 197.) (Abbott, Pages 292, 559.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Bâtisseur" (2080). Born: circa 1110, son of Baudouin III, Count de Hainaut (2076) and Yolande de Gueldre (2077). Married in 1130: Alice=Ermesende de Namur (2081),, daughter of Godefroy, Comte de Namur (3968) and Ermesende de Luxembourg (3971). Died: on 7 Nov 1171 Baudouin IV is burried at the Abbey de Saint-Waldthud at Mons.

55. Alice=Ermesende6 de Namur (2081) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 197.). Married Name: de Hainaut (2081). Born: circa 1115, daughter of Godefroy, Comte de Namur (3968) and Ermesende de Luxembourg (3971). Married in 1130: Baudouin IV, Comte de Hainaut (2080),, son of Baudouin III, Count de Hainaut (2076) and Yolande de Gueldre (2077). Died: on 25 Jul 1169.

Coat of Arms associated with Eudes II, Duke of Burgundy, and adopted by subsequent Dukes of Burgundy until 1361..

56. Eudes II Borel, Duke6 de Bourgogne (1310) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 121.) (Stuart, Page 43, Line 60-29.) (Castelot, Tome 2, Page 490.) (Abbott, Page 199.). Born: circa 1118, son of Hughes II Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1308) and Mathilde, Countess de Turenne (1309). Married in 1145: Marie de Champagne (1311),, daughter of Thibaud IV, Palatin de Champagne (2200) and Mahaud, Marquise de Carinthie (2201) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Roxanne Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] under Subject "House of Burgundy", 5 November 1997 at 00:45 Hours.). Died: on 27 Sep 1162 Eudes II is buried at Citeaux.

57. Marie6 de Champagne (1311) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 121.) (Stuart, Page 43, Line 60-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:52 Hours.).

Married Name: de Bourgogne (1311). AKA: Marie, Abbess de Fontevrault (1311). Born: in 1128 at France, daughter of Thibaud IV, Palatin de Champagne (2200) and Mahaud, Marquise de Carinthie (2201). Married in 1145: Eudes II Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1310),, son of Hughes II Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1308) and Mathilde, Countess de Turenne (1309) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Roxanne Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] under Subject "House of Burgundy", 5 November 1997 at 00:45 Hours.). Died: in 1190 at Fontevrault, Anjou Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France, Marie died aa the Abbess of Fontevrault. She became a nun after 1165.

58. Guigues X, Dauphin6 d'Albon (2470) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.). AKA: Guigues V, Dauphin du Dauphiné (2470) (Abbott, Page 581.). Born: in 1125 at France, son of Guigues IX, Count d'Albon (2403) and Marguerite Clémence de Bourgogne (2402) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.).Married in 1155: Béatrix de Montferrat (2471),, daughter of Guillaume V, Marquis de Montferrat (2472) and Judith of Austria (2473). Died: in 1162 at Château de Vizille, Vizille, Isère, Savoie, France.

59. Béatrix6 de Montferrat (2471) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.). Married Name: d'Albon (2471). Born: before 1145 at Montferrat, Piemont, Italy, daughterof Guillaume V, Marquis de Montferrat (2472) and Judith of Austria (2473), Béatrix is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Guigues X. Married in 1155: Guigues X, Dauphin d'Albon (2470),, son of Guigues IX, Count d'Albon (2403) and Marguerite Clémence de Bourgogne (2402). Died: in 1228 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.).

60. Rostaing, Seigneur6 de Sabran (4215) (André Roux: Scrolls, 220.) (Stuart, Page 86, Line 116-29.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Rostaing II, Seigneur de Sabran (4215) (Abbott, Page 396.). Born: circa 1133 at France, son of Guillaume, Seigneur de Sabran (4213) and Adalaicia N? (4214), Abbott inserts another generation and indicates that Rostaing II whose son Rainon married Garsende de Forcalquier, was the son of another Rostaing, son of Guillaume. Married before 1155 at France: Rosine=Roscie, Dame d'Uzès (4216),, daughter of Raimond dit Roscas, Seigneur d'Uzès (4217) and Béatrix, Dame d'Uzès (4218). Married before Sep 1199 at France: Clémence de Montpellier (13534),, daughter of Guillaume VII, Duke de Montpellier (1313) and Mahaut=Mathilde de Bourgogne (1312). Died: on 16 Feb 1208.

61. Rosine=Roscie, Dame6 d'Uzès (4216) (André Roux: Scrolls, 220.) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-29.) (Abbott, Page 398.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married Name: de Sabran (4216). Born: before 1140 at France, daughter of Raimond dit Roscas, Seigneur d'Uzès (4217) and Béatrix, Dame d'Uzès (4218), Rosine is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Raimon was born. Married before 1155 at France: Rostaing, Seigneur de Sabran (4215),, son of Guillaume, Seigneur de Sabran (4213) and Adalaicia N? (4214). Died: in 1206 at France.

Coat of Arm associated with Guillaume II/VI, Comte de Forcalquier.

62. Guillaume II/VI, Count6 de Forcalquier (2975) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-29.) (Abbott, Page 613.). AKA: Guillaume IV,Count d'Avignon (2975). AKA: Guillaume, Count d'Embrun (2975). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Gap (2975). Born: in 1130 at France, son of Bertrand III, Count de Forcalquier (2973) and Jocerane de Flotte (2974). Married before 1165: Adélaïde de Béziers (2978). Died: in 1208 (André Roux: Scrolls.).

63. Adélaïde6 de Béziers (2978) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-29.). Married Name: de Forcalquier (2978). Born: before 1153 at France Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Garsende was born. Married before 1165: Guillaume II/VI, Count de Forcalquier (2975),, son of Bertrand III, Count de Forcalquier (2973) and Jocerane de Flotte (2974).

--- 7th Generation ---

64. Renaud, Comte7 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2749) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140.) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Renaud I, Count de Breteuil (2749). Born: before 1015 at France, son of Hugh, Maitre du Palais de France (6746) and N? N? (6747), Renaud is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he became the Chamberlain of France. Married before 1029 at France: Ermengarde de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2750),, daughter of Baudouin II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6750) and N? N? (6751). Occupation: between 1049 and 1098 Renaud was the Grand Chamberlain de France (1049-1098). Died: circa 1098 at France.

65. Ermengarde7 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2750) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). Born: before 1015, daughter of Baudouin II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6750) and N? N? (6751), Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Renaud. Married before 1029 at France: Renaud, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2749),, son of Hugh, Maitre du Palais de France (6746) and N? N? (6747).

66. Hildouin, Comte7 d'Arcis-sur-Aube (2604) (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 198, 254.) (Stuart, Page 195, Line 266-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Hildouin IV, Comte de Montdidier (2604) (Stuart, Page 195, Line 266-31.). AKA: Hildouin IV, Seigneur de Raméru (2604). Born: circa 1010 at France, son of Hildouin III, Comte de Montdidier (3976) and Lesseline N? (3977). AKA: Hildouin IV, Comte de Roucy (2604) Comte de Roucy by marriage (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.). Married in 1031: Adélaïde=Alice, Countess de Roucy (2603),, daughter of Ebles I, Vidâme de Reims (2601) and Adélaïde=Béatrix de Hainaut (2602) (Adèle brought Roucy to the Count of Montdidier as dowry, enriching his land holdings). Occupation: between 1061 and 1068 Hildouin IV was also the Count de Montdidier (Picardie, France) Seigeur de Raméru in 1061 then Count de Raméru in 1063, and obtained Roucy in dowry from his marriage to Adélaïde. Died: between 1063 and 1068 E.S. [via Paul Theroff] suggests that Hildouin died in 1063.

67. Adélaïde=Alice, Countess7 de Roucy (2603) (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 198, 254.) (Stuart, Page 128, Line 170-31.). AKA: Isabelle de Roucy (2603). AKA: Adélaïde de Reims (2603). AKA: Alix de Châtillon (2603) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4),MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.). Born: circa 1014 at Roucy, Champagne, France, daughter of Ebles I, Vidâme de Reims (2601) and Adélaïde=Béatrix de Hainaut (2602). Married in 1031: Hildouin, Comte d'Arcis-sur-Aube (2604),, son of Hildouin III, Comte de Montdidier (3976) and Lesseline N? (3977) (Adèle brought Roucy to the Count of Montdidier as dowry, enriching his land holdings). Died: between 1062 and 1063.

68. Thierry I/II, Comte7 de Bar-le-Duc (2397) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 205.) (Stuart, Page 109, Line 149-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 26 June 1995 at 01:24 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 545.). AKA: Dietrich I, Count von Pfirt (2397). AKA: Thierry, Seigneur de Blâmont (2397) (Abbott, Page 548.). AKA: Thierry, Comte de Ferrette (2397) At first, Ferrette was part of the Kingdom of Bourgogne and then part of Alsace. Around 900, Hughes bore the title Comte d'Alsace et de Ferrette. Othon, Count of Elsgau and Sundgau, died around 1026. A part of Elsgau was granted to Louis de Mousson. After 1125, Ferrette was separated from Elsgau, where Montbéliard remained, and came under Sundgau (Abbott, Page 526.). AKA: Thierry I, Comte de Mousson (2397) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 1045 at Bar-le-Duc, Alsace, France, son of LouisII, Comte de Montbéliard (4015) and Sophie, Countess de Bar-le-Duc (4014) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 1065: Ermentrude de Bourgogne (2396),, daughter of Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). AKA: Thierry, Comte de Montbéliard (2397) On his marriage, he entered into possession of the château and seigneurie de Montbéliard (Abbott, Page 640.). Occupation: in 1093 Thierry was the Count de Montbéliard in 1093. AKA: Thierry I, Comte de Bar (2397) He inherited the region of the future county of Bar from his mother in 1093. He had taken a vow to join the First Crusade but was released from it due to illness (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Thierry I, Comte de Verdun (2397) He was invested as Comte de Verdun after 1096 by Richer Bishop of Verdun (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Buried: circa Jan 1103 at Cathédral d'Autun (Georges Poull, La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar in no series (ISBN: 2-86480-831-5; Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy, 1994), 1-455, pages 20, 32, 69, and 76.). Died: on 1 Jan 1103.

69. Ermentrude7 de Bourgogne (2396) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 205.) (Stuart, Page 109, Line 149-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 26 June 1995 at 01:24 Hours.). Married Name: de Bar-le-Duc (2396). AKA: Ermentrude, Comtesse de Monbéliard (2396) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: circa 1050 at France, daughter of Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Married in 1065: Thierry I/II, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (2397),, son of Louis II, Comte de Montbéliard (4015) and Sophie, Countess de Bar-le-Duc (4014). Died: in 1106 She was buried at the Cathedral of Autun.

70. Gérard, Count7 de Vaudémont (3217) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169, 193.) (Stuart, Page 182, Line 246-30.). AKA: Gérard I, Count d'Alsace (3217). AKA: Gérard de Lorraine (3217) (Abbott, Page 541.). Born: in 1057 at Alsace, France, son of Gérard IV, Count d'Alsace (3215) and Hadvis=Hadwige deNamur (3216). Married in 1070: Helvide de Dabo (3218),, daughter of Gerhard III, Count von Egisheim (6991) and Pétronille = Richarde de Verdun (6992). Died: circa 1120 at Lorraine, France, Gérard I is buried at Belval.

71. Helvide7 de Dabo (3218) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169.) (Stuart, Page 182, Line 246-30.). AKA: Edith von Egisheim (3218). Married Name: de Vaudémont (3218). AKA: Heilwige, Countess von Egisheim (3218) (Abbott, Page 526.). Born: before 1060, daughter of Gerhard III, Count von Egisheim (6991) and Pétronille = Richarde de Verdun (6992), Helvide is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Gérard. Married in 1070: Gérard, Count de Vaudémont (3217),, son of Gérard IV, Count d'Alsace (3215) and Hadvis=Hadwige de Namur (3216). Died: after 1118.

72. Valéran II, Seigneur7 de Breteuil (12609) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Born: before 1082 at France, son of Valéran, Seigneur de Breteuil (20658) and N? N? (20659), Valéran II is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Évrard III was born. Married before 1099 at France: Yvette N? (12610). Died: circa 1138 (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.).

73. Yvette7 N? (12610) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: de Breteuil (12610). Born: before 1085 at France Yvette is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Évrard III was born. Married before 1099 at France: Valéran II, Seigneur de Breteuil(12609),, son of Valéran, Seigneur de Breteuil (20658) and N? N? (20659).

Coat of Arm associated with Thomas I, Seigneur de Coucy.

74. Thomas I, Sire7 de Coucy (3134) (André Roux: Scrolls, 165.) (Stuart, Page 23, Line 37-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). AKA: Thomas I, Sire de Merle (3134). AKA: Thomas I, Sire de Marle (3134) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). AKA: Thomas I, Comte d'Amiens (3134) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). AKA: Thomas, Seigneur or Baron de Boves (3134) (Abbott, Page 114.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V

(Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). Born: circa 1073 at Coucy, Ile-de-France, France, son of Enguérrand I, Seigneur de Coucy (3132) and Adèle=Ade, de Roucy (3133). Note - in 1096: Thomas I was a crusader on the First Crusade in 1096 who distinguished himself in the Siege of Nicée and Jérusalem.The Crusades began formally on Tuesday 27 November 1095 (following the Council of Clermont which met from 18 to 28 November), in a field just outside the walls of the French city of Clermont-Ferrand. On that day Pope Urban II preached a sermon to crowds of laypeople and clergy attending a church council at Clermont. In his sermon, the pope outlined a plan for a Crusade and called on his listeners to join its ranks. The response was positive and overwhelming. Pope Urban then commissioned the bishops at the council to return to their homes and to enlist others in the Crusade. He also outlined a basic strategy in which individual groups of Crusaders would begin the journey in August 1096. Each group would be self-financing and responsible to its own leader. The groups would make their separate ways to the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, where they would meet. From there,they would launch a counterattack against the Seljuk conquerors of Anatolia together with the Byzantine emperor and his army. Once that region was under Christian control, the Crusaders would campaign against the Muslims in Syria and Palestine, with Jerusalem as their ultimate goal.The noble race of Franks must come to the aid their fellow Christians in the East. The infidel Turks are advancing into the heart of Eastern Christendom; Christians are being oppressed and attacked; "Holy Christians are being slaughtered..." churches and holy places are being defiled. Jerusalem is groaning under the Saracen yoke. The Holy Sepulcher is in Moslem hands and has been turned into a mosque. Pilgrims are harassed and even prevented from access to the Holy Land. The West must march to the defense of the East. All should go, rich and poor alike. The Franks must stop theirinternal wars and squabbles. Let them go instead against the infidel and fight a righteous war. God himself will lead you, for you will be doing His work. There will be absolution and remission of sins for all who die in the service of Christ. Here, you are poor and miserable sinners; there, you will be rich and happy. Let none hesitate; you must march next summer. God wills it!The day after Urban's speech, the Council formally granted all the privileges and protections Urban had promised. The red cross was taken as the official sign of the pilgrims, and Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy was chosen as papal legate and the spiritual leader of the expedition. Peter The Hermit began preaching in Berry in December 1095. He moved eastward into Lorraine, arriving in Cologne a little before Easter, on 12 April 1096. Other preachers were active, too, and a number of these converged on the city in April and May. Peter wanted to wait, to allow time for the Frankish nobility and others to gather as well, but some of his lieutenants grew impatient and left ahead of him. The first group under Walter Sans-Avoir marched up the Rhine River, then up the Neckar River. From its headwaters is only a short trek overland to the Danube River. It appears that Walter's army had sufficient finances to pay their way. They passed through Germany and then through Hungary without incident. They crossed into Byzantine territory at Belgrade at the end of May. With no disruptions and delays, then, it took just over a month to go from Cologe to Belgrade. the Crusaders acquired a Byzantine military escort. The Crusaders proceeded to Constantinople in good order, and Alexius Comnenus greeted them cordially. Peter’s Group left Cologne on 20 April 1096, with about 20,000 followers. vThese Crusaders, too, passed through Germany and Hungary without incident, leading us to conclude that they were paying their own way to the satisfaction of local merchants. At Semlin, however, trouble broke out. This was the town that had punished the sixteen knights from Walter's army. The sixteen suits of armor were still nailed to the town walls, which did not please the new Crusaders. Peter tried to move his army quickly on, but an argument broke out in the rear, allegedly over payment for a pair of shoes--an important item for Crusaders!--and the quarrel escalated quickly into a full battle. Peter's army stormed the citadel and sacked the city, killing several thousand inhabitants and local Byzantine troops. Semlin was across the Danube from Belgrade. The military commander quickly sent his few hundred Petchneg troops to prevent the Crusaders from crossing the river. He then ran for Nish, whereupon the citizens of Belgrade abandoned the city. The loyal Petchnegs died defending the crossing, but they were hopelessly outnumbered. Belgrade, too, was sacked. The Crusaders went on to Nish, arriving there on 3 July 1096. The provincial governor had fortified the town and refused to spare an escort. The Crusaders were invited to move along. Peter decided it would be wiser to keep going, and to find help closer to Constantinople. They broke camp the next morning and started to move out in good order, but again a fight broke out in the rear. The main army rode back to help, whereupon the Byzantine forces sallied out from the city. This time, though, the Crusaders were routed. After losing his treasury (which was in the rear van) and as many as a quarter of his men, Peter broke off the engagement and fled south. They managed to go the rest of the way without incident, and they arrived at Constantinople on 1 August 1096. Word of the problems preceded the army. Alexius received Peter graciously enough, but he firmly kept the army outside the city walls. He did grant them a market, though the Franks complained bitterly over the prices, and were not at all above thievery to get what they wanted. Tensions were rising quickly and Alexius decided to get these troublesome Franks across the Bosporus as soon as he could. Beginning on 6 August, the Crusaders began arriving in Asia Minor, marching to Civetot (Kibotos) which was to become the Crusader camp. Peter's idea was that they should wait for the main Crusading forces (which they knew had set out) to arrive before attempting to move into Turkish territory. He could not, however prevent raiding, and some of these raids penetrated well within lands held by the Turks.The Franks were the first to raid, and they were very successful. They drove all the way to the gates of Nicaea, plundering the villages (many of which were Christian, but the Crusaders were indifferent to this). Nicaea was the capital city of Kilij Arslan, the Turkish sultan in Asia Minor. He was a typical Danishmend prince, however; he might park his treasury and his family in a city, but his real capital was with his army, and at this time the army was off in central Anatolia dealing with a rebellion. The city guard sallied out and drove away the Crusaders, but the Franks returned to Civetot laden with booty and regaling everyone with tales of their great "victory." Naturally, the others in camp wanted a piece of the action. The Germans set out soon after. They came to an abandoned castle called Xerigordon, which seemed like a good spot to serve as base camp for extensive raiding, so they moved in. Local Turkish forces quickly invested the castle. It's doubtful that the Germans expected this, for the castle's water supply was at the base of the hill, nowin Turkish hands. After eight days of terrible suffering, the Germans surrendered. They were given the choice: convert or die. Those that stayed true to their faith were executed, while the rest were sent as captives to distant cities, never to be heard from again. Those at Civetot wanted to avenge Xerigordon, but the news was that Kilij Arslan was returning with his army, so Peter the Hermit returned to Constantinople to beg the Emperor to send regular troops to help defend the Crusaders. The Emperor was reluctant and negotiations dragged on for days. In the meantime, the hot-heads in the Christian camp slowly prevailed and it was agreed that the army would march on Nicaea before the Turkish army could arrive to reinforce it. On 21 October 1096, the Crusaders left Civetot and marched into a carefully prepared ambush. Kilij Arslan had already arrived, but he did not intend to hole upin a city, he intended to attack his enemies. The road to Nicaea passed through a wooded valley a few miles from Civetot. As the lead contingent, which of course was comprised of the knights, moved through the valley, the Turks attacked. They killed the horses and then drove the knights back upon the rest of the army still filing in. The rout was complete. Only a handful survived. The Turks killed everyone they encountered except for young girls and boys that would sell on the slave market. Of twenty thousand who marched that morning, barely three thousand managed to escape to a half-completed fort near the coast. A Greek managed to get to a boat and brought news to Constantinople, whereupon the Emperor sent ships over to rescue the survivors.Kilij Arslan had won a great victory for Islam. The Turks had been hearing stories of a great army of the Franj (their name for all Latin Europeans) marching against Allah. He had met this fearful army and had annihilated it. To his mind, the Franj were not so fearful after all, but were hardly more thanpeasants. He was both right and wrong, of course. The army he had beaten was in fact not much of an army, but he had not faced the real army yet. His victory near Civetot would cause the Turk to underestimate the next wave of Crusaders when the arrived, with serious consequences. The disaster also had consequences for the Christians. It showed plainly that mere piety and fervor would not be enough to liberate the Holy Sepulcher. There would

be no crusade of the common people to the Holy Land, but an organized invasion by armies. And Peter the Hermit would not be its leader. That role would fall to the princes who were beginning to arrive at Constantinople even as the Turks were crushing the People's Crusade.Probably the most famous of all the leaders of the First Crusade was Godfrey, Count of Boullion (Brussels) and Margrave ofGodfrey Antwerp. Godfrey was a fairly important lord in northern France with a proud heritage, for he was a direct descendant of Charlemagne. Despite all this, Godfrey did not prosper and had to mortgage much of his holdings in order to finance his expedition. We don't really know why he went. Later chroniclers give him a reputation as a pious man, but there is no contemporary evidence for this. Among those accompanying Godfrey was his younger Castle Boullion, Godfrey's home - Click to see a larger image brother, Baldwin of Boulogne. Godfrey had an older brother, Eustace who also went on crusade, but it's notclear whether or not he traveled with Godfrey. Various other northern lords were in Godfrey's forces, but being the duke he was chosen as leader. The army left around the middle of August 1096, taking the Rhine-Danube route. When he arrived at the Hungarian border, King Coloman delayed him for three weeks, evidently concerned by the arrival of yet another army from the West, Godfrey having arrived in the wake of Gottschalk and Volkmar and Count Emicho. The Crusaders were angered by Coloman's suspicions and the King and Count had a series of personal discussions. Godfrey volunteered his brother to act as hostage for the Crusaders' good behavior. Baldwin was not very happy about this, but grudgingly agreed. The army moved through Hungary under a strong guard, but there were no incidents, and Baldwin was returned at the Byzantine border. Belgrade was still deserted, so the army marched to Nish, where they were accorded a plentiful market. From there they went to Sofia and Philippopolis. Some tension arose when Godfrey learned that Hugh of Champagne had been taken prisoner by the Emperor, but it was straightened out soon after the army arrived at Constantinople, just before Christmas of 1096.Although a lord in southern Italy, Bohemond Of Tarentum was every bit as much a Frank as Godfrey and the others, for Bohemond was one of those Normans who had a generation earlier conquered all of Sicily and southern Italy. He was the eldest son of Robert Guiscard and had accompanied his father when he had invaded Byzantine territory in the 1080s. Bohemond was besieging the town of Amalfi when he heard of the crusade and was immediately moved to take the cross. So many men followed him that the siege had to be raised. As with Godfrey, a number of his kinsmen accompanied Bohemond, most notably his cousin Tancred of Lecce, his brother William, and another cousin Richard of the Principate. They crossed theAdriatic in December and were still in Albania at Christmas time. A little after this, they skirmished briefly with Byzantine troops. Bohemond eventually went on to Constantinople ahead of the rest of his army, leaving it under the command of Tancred, arriving in the city on 10 April 1096. The Greeks were convinced that the Normans were their enemies; naturally so, in view of Guiscard's invasions. Bohemond wanted to make a good impression on the Emperor, but he in turn was suspicious of the Greeks. They never managed to get along. Anna Comnena, whose history of her father's reign is so invaluable, never wavered from her belief that Bohemond wanted nothing less than to conquer the Byzantine Empire and that for him all this crusading business was nothing more than a convenient cover.Certainly the most prestigious of all the barons to go on the First Crusade was Count Raymond IV de St. Gilles of Toulouse. Already an old man at the time, around fifty-five, he was an experienced warrior against the infidel, having fought in Spain against the Muslims there. He took his wife and youngest son with him, and later reports say that he sold most of his possessions and took a vow never to return. Toulouse was a wealthy county, and Raymond's was the largest of all the crusader forces. The fact that Bishop Adhemar accompanied Raymond, and that the crusade was first preached in southern France, must have helped recruiting. Raymond's army also had the largest contingent of non-combatants, so his expenses were very high. Historians have had to guess at Raymond's route, for the chronicles don't pick up Raymond until he entered Dalmatia; most likely, he went overland through southern France and northern Italy. They had a hard passage through Serbia because of lack of supplies. Once they entered Byzantine territory there were again quarrels and skirmishes; during one of these, Bishop Adhemar was seriously injured; during another, Count Raymond himself was nearly lost in an ambush. They reached Thessalonica at the beginning of April. At Roussa, the Greeks evidently so angered the Franks that they stormed the city and looted it. Since the Normans had passed through only two weeks earlier, it is possible that the town was simply drained of supplies and that the Franks did not believe it. As Bohemond had done, Count Raymond went on to Constantinople ahead of his army, arriving there on 21 April 1096. While he and Alexius were talking on friendly terms, word came that the Provençals had been routed by Byzantine troops. Raymond was furious and had to be restrained by his fellow lords. His army arrived at last on 27 April.A number of other crusader armies set out in 1096. The very first one to leave was led by Count Hugh of Vermandois, brother to the King of France. When he set out, he sent an arrogant letter to Emperor Alexius announcing his departure and demanding a fitting reception. Hugh marched down through Italy, receiving the standard of St. Peter at Lucca from the Pope himself. He proceeded to Bari, where he crossed the Adriatic in September. Much of his army was scattered by a storm. Hugh survived and was picked up by Alexius' nephew, John Comnenus, who sent fed and clothed the survivors and sent them on to Constantinople under guard. Robert Count of Flanders also went on crusade taking the Italian route. He was joined by Duke Robert of Normandy (one of William the Conqueror's sons and Count Robert's cousin) and Count Stephen of Blois (a cousin by marriage to the Conqueror's daughter, Adèle). One of Pope Urban's first letters after Clermont was addressed to the Flemings, so the response from here is not surprising. Robert of Flanders is a good example of those barons who went on crusade mainly out of pious zeal. Robert of Normandy mortgaged Normandy to William II of England in order to finance his participation. The army was mainly Flemish, as the Norman lords didn't think much of their duke and were unwilling to follow him. The Flemings went from Rome to Monte Cassino, to visit the monastery of St. Benedict, then went to Bari. Robertof Normandy and Stephen of Blois decided to wait out the winter, for the Adriatic is a dangerous passage in winter. Robert of Flanders, though, crossed anyway, without incident. Robert of Normandy and Stephen followed the next spring. The army took ship on 5 April, but was struck by catastrophe. One of the larger ships broke up in full view of those on shore. About four hundred people, plus horses, supplies and money were lost. A large number of pilgrims decided on the spot to return home. The rest crossed safely and managed to go through Byzantine territory without fighting with the locals. The Flemish army arrived at Constantinople on 14 May 1097. The Crusaders were now all assembled at Constantinople. Some of them had been there since the previous winter and were very anxious to move on. Moreover, relations between the Latins and the Greeks were becoming strained.The Greek Emperor at the time was Alexius Comnenus, one of the greatest of the Byzantine emperors. He was the founder of the Comneni dynasty, having come to power after civil war and after the terrible defeat at Manzikert. It was Alexius who had saved some vestige of the Empire in Asia Minor. It was Alexius who had fought the Normans. And it was Alexius who had written a letter to the Bishop of Rome, asking that soldiers be sent to Constantinople to help in the fight against the Turks. The Emperor was relatively secure by the time the First Crusade arrived at his doorstep. He had put the Empire back on a solid economic footing and could look forward with reasonable confidence to recovering portions of Asia Minor. He had a good army and was an adept diplomat. He understood the Turks and their rivalries. Everything, in fact, seemed to be in place for the Emperor to turn at long last from the defensive to the offensive. The Frankish warriors being sent by the Pope would prove a welcome addition--loyal barbarians from the West. Alexius' first encounter with the armies of the First Crusade was with Hugh of Vermandois, the younger son of the French king. He crossed the Adriatic from Bari in the month of October and his comparatively small fleet was nearly destroyed in a unbeknownst seasonal storm of which Hugh had not anticipated. Emperor Alexius felt obligated to send a rescue party to bring what was left of Hugh's army to the capital. Hugh was followed by Godfrey of Boullion, who arrived in December 1096, and proceeded to fall into conflict with Alexius upon arrival. The problem was partly the bad behavior of Godfrey's men, but the underlying issue was an oath of loyalty that Alexius demanded the Franks take before going on into Asia Minor. The first elements of the crusader army arrived at Nicaea on 6 May 1097. As they approached the city from the north, they fanned out around the wall. Bohemond positioned his forces along the north wall, while Robert of Flanders and Godfrey took up positions on the east wall. The southern wall was left

unblockaded, awaiting the arrival of Raymond of Toulouse, while the North French had not yet even arrived at Constantinople. Alexius had sent his general, Tatikios, to represent him with a token force during the siege. It seems likely that the reason for Alexius' reluctance to be involved directly with the reconquest was political. If the crusaders failed, it would make relations with Kilij Arlsan impossible, and so leave him in a very dangerous position. Alexius was hedging his bets. When the army arrived, Kilij Arslan had left his family at Nicaea and was a thousand miles away fighting the Danishmend for control of Melitene. As soon as he heard news of the attack, he broke off the battle and hastened back. The first incident occurred as Raymond's force was making its way around the wall. Just as it had reached its positions, and was preparing to make camp, Turkish forces swooped out of the wooded hills to the south. Although taken unprepared, Raymond's army fought stoutly, giving Godfrey's men enough time to come to the rescue. Kilij Arslan retreated his men to regroup. The crusaders set to building siege equipment. Raymond also ordered a group of his men to begin digging the foundations out from one of the city's towers, protecting them with a wooden tower which had an armored, sloping roof. Archers and crossbowmen were grouped in strategic positions to keep the defender's heads down. The tower fell late one evening - too late for the crusaders to begin an assault and, by the morning, the Turkish defenders had plugged the gap. Raymond tried to renew the attack but the Turks set fire to the siege equipment and destroyed it. On Godfrey's side of the siege, two of his men - Henry of Esch and Count Herman - also built a tower to help undermine the wall. They managed to bring this tower, which they called 'The Fox', up to the wall, but once there it collapsed killing all twenty inside. During this time the crusaders were well supplied from Byzantium. Alexius also knew that the Nicaea could never be truly be truly surrounded unless there was a naval blockade. He agreed to provide a flotilla of small boats under the command of one of his admirals, Boutoumites. The boats were shipped overland, reassembled of the shores ofthe Ascanion Lake, and launched to blockade the city. Alexius also sent agents into the city to open negotiations for its surrender. He kept this initiative secret - the crusaders would be expecting to ransack the city when it fell, the standard procedure when a medieval city fell. Alexius, however, did not want to see the second city of his empire pillaged in this way, and so worked hard to persuade the defenders to surrender before the Crusaders breached the walls. Meanwhile, back at the crusader's camp, a man from Lombardy who was an expert in making siege equipment offered to build a more sturdy tower. His price was £15 in Chartres money out of the common fund. This tower did its job - the wall was breached and it seemed that the city was doomed to fall. Alexius' behind-the-scenes bargaining had paid off, however, and the crusaders were startled one morning to see his banner flying over the city. The city had surrendered to him, and was swiftly garrisoned with Byzantine troops. The crusaders were well rewarded for their efforts- it had been a long, hard siege, and many had died. Alexius gave a large sum of money into the common fund, and gave away plenty of food for the common soldiery. At the time, the crusaders were happy enough with the outcome, but the underhand way in which Alexius had taken control of the city rancored with them. It was the beginning of an enmity which would become increasingly overt as the campaign continued.The crusaders soon marched on, heading towards Antioch. In the process they split into two groups, probably because of the sheer size of the army, and Arslan took advantage of the situation to ambush the vanguard near Dorylaeum. Bohemond, Hugh of Vermandois, and Count Stephen of Blois now faced the combined armies of Kilij Arslan and the Danishmend Emir. Bohemond took command and formed the army into defensive positions. After six hours of fierce onslaught, during which the crusaders were driven back on their camp, the main army, led by Raymond of St Giles and Adhémar, appeared on the flank of the Turks and forced them to flee. The passage across Anatolia was treacherous, since the Turks had blocked up the wells and burned the crops. The army reached Iconium in the middle of August 1097 and battled with the Turkish forces near Heraclea later that month. On 10 September 1097, Tancred and his fellow supporters left the main army in a dispute over the best route to take (Tancred was convinced that any route recommended by the Greek guides had to be intentionally misleading). Baldwin followed him. The main army marched on to Cilician Caesarea, reaching there at the end of September and going on to Marash in early October. The weather was growing foul, resulting in the death of Baldwin's wife, but the locals were Armenians and were friendly to the Crusaders. The Crusaders arrived in the vicinity of Antioch on 20 October 1097. The Turkish commander was Yaghi-Siyan, who was supposed to be the vassal of Ridwan of Aleppo but openly plotted against him with Kerbogha of Mosul. As a result, when the Franks approached, the anticipated help from Aleppo vanished. Yaghi-Siyan frantically tried to secure his city, exiling many of the Greek and Armenian Christians who had heretofore lived in Antioch peacefully. The emir trusted only the Jacobites, because they hated both the Greeks and the Armenians. His garrison was not very large; his only hope was to hold out until a Turkish army might come to his relief. The Crusaders attacked across the Iron Bridge of the Orontes River, easily carrying the two towers that guarded it. They moved up to the walls of the city the next day. Bohemond encamped opposite the Gate of St. Paul, Raymond at the Gate of the Dog to Bohemond's right, and Godfrey further on at the Gate of the Duke. The siege of Antioch had begun.The most significant event along the road to Antioch was the diversion of one portion of the army away from Jerusalem. Tancred and Baldwin had gone to Tarsus, held by a Turkish garrison. Tancred arrived first and was able to take the city, whose citizens were Greek and Armenian, friendly to the Crusaders. The very day he occupied Tarsus, though, Baldwin arrived with his much larger army. Baldwin had been involving himself in Armenian politics and was prepared to pose as their champion. He insisted that the city be handed over to him. Tancred was hopelessly out-manned and had to withdraw. They squabbled again further down the road, to the point where there was a brief battle between them at Mamistra. The whole affair ended with a reconciliation by which they both agreed they would not found a principality in Cilicia. Here is early evidence that at least some among the Crusaders were interested in using the Crusade as a means of establishing themselves as eastern lords. Tancred eventually re-joined the main army, but Baldwin headed off in an entirely different direction. He had received a plea of Toros of Edessa, the imperial lord of the city. He was Greek Orthodox and so was disliked by many of the native Armenian and Jacobite citizens. He knew that Kerbogha might move to defend Antioch and could easily smash his city along the way. He offered to adopt Baldwin as his son, if the knight would only come right away to his defense. Baldwin agreed, and set out early in February of 1098. He had a grand total of eight knights, for most Crusaders were unwilling to turn aside from the road to the Holy Land. He arrived on 6 February 1098. Toros adopted him immediately. Within a month, the old man was betrayed. The local Armenians hatched a plot to dethronehim and install Baldwin in his place. On 7 March 1098, a mob stormed the palace. Toros' troops deserted him, and Baldwin refused to defend him. Siegeof Antioch (21 Oct 1097 – 2 June 1098 and 7 to 28 June 1098) He tried to escape through a window, but he was caught and torn to pieces by the mob. On 10 March 1098, Baldwin of Boulougne formally took possession of Edessa, making it the first of the Crusader States. It was not an edifying beginning. The Crusaders did not attack immediately. Antioch was a very strong city, whose walls had originally been built by Justinian. The walls bow out from Mount Silpius in a long arc. Along one portion the Orontes River runs. Another portion climbs a ridge of the mountain. It is a difficult city to attack, and the Crusaders were leery of losing too many men (they initially lacked enough even to cover all the gates). They waited first for Tancred to come up fromAlexandretta, then spent some time in securing various out-lying fortresses. So passed November and December, 1097. By the end of December 1097,supplies were running low, and Bohemond and Robert of Flanders set out with a large force to gather supplies. Yaghi-Siyan decided it was a good time for a sortie. His attack caught Raymond of Toulouse completely by surprise, but Raymond was able to organize a counter-attack quickly. He drove the Muslims back with such force that his men chased them over the bridge and some actually entered the city. But it was night-time. The horse of one of the lead knights threw its rider and bolted backward. The knights on the bridge behind were thrown into confusion, panicked, and retreated. Meantime, an army had been marching to the relief of Antioch from Damascus. When they learned that Bohemond and Robert were nearby, they attacked. They caught Robert first and fierce fighting erupted. Bohemond came up but held back until the Muslims were well engaged. He then fell on them and inflictedheavy casualties. They had won another victory, but they had lost so many men that they had to return to Antioch with far fewer supplies than they had hoped for. But at least the battle, coupled with ugly weather, forced the Damascene army to return home as well. Yaghi-Siyan was still on his own.

January 1098 was grim indeed, with starvation stalking the camps. The women were banished from the Crusader encampments; people began to desert, including Peter the Hermit (he was brought back by Tancred). In February, Ridwan of Aleppo arrived, having made peace with Yaghi-Siyan, but the Crusaders defeated him as well after another hard-fought battle. He returned to Aleppo.Supplies and reinforcements arrived in March, 1098 and the Crusaders were at last able to seal off most of the city. Conditions inside Antioch grew steadily grimmer, even as spring brought better supplies to the besiegers. Yaghi-Siyan was still determined, however, for he had news that Kerbogha of Mosul was at last preparing an army. He set out in early May with a large army mostly made up of allies. His advance was delayed while he spent three weeks besieging Edessa, but Baldwin was able to hold the city. It was during these weeks in May, 1098 that Bohemond made contact with one Firuz, a captain of the guard in Antioch. There had been much buying of spies on both sides during the siege, but Firuz agreed to betray the city. Bohemond told none of the other Crusaders about this, for he was determined that he should rule Antioch. Instead, the Crusaders met to plan an assault on the city before Kerbogha could arrive. It was agreed that whoever should enter the city first would be its lord. Many of the Crusaders were in despair. The city looked as impregnable as ever, and a huge Turkish army was only days away. Desertions increased. On 2 June 1098, Stephen of Blois led a large contingent of French away, thus ending the first Siege of Antioch.Only a few hours later, Bohemond received word from Firuz that the time was right. Bohemond at last revealed the scheme to his fellow captains. Just before sunset, the army decamped as if to go east to meet Kerbogha in the field. After a few hours, it turned around and came back under cover of darkness. Firuz saw to it that one section of the wall was unguarded and sixty knights entered. They opened the Gate of St. George, and the Crusaders streamed into the city. The Christian citizens joined the army in massacring every Turk they found. No Turks were left alive. Yaghi-Siyan fled, but his son gathered a few troops and retreated to the citadel, which he was able to hold. By 3 June 1098, the city, except for the citadel, was in the hands of the Latins. They spent the next day clearing the city of corpses and deciding on the defense of the walls. The day following, 5 June, the first of Kerbogha's troops began arriving, and by the 7th he was encamped. The Crusaders were now besieged within Antioch.The situation was hardly better than it had been for the Crusaders. While they were able to hold off an initial assault on 9 June 1098, they had few supplies and Kerbogha was able to seal the city off. He would starve the Christians into surrender. Alexius Comnenus very nearly came to the rescue. The Greeks had secured western Anatolia, and the Emperor was on the march to Antioch, likely to make sure the Crusaders turned over the Byzantine territories as promised. In any case, he was met on the road by Stephen of Blois and other deserters who told him that the Crusaders were hopelessly trapped and that Antioch would fall any day. Moreover, the Danishmends were forming up again. Faced with the prospect of a Turkish army ahead of him and behind him, Alexius turned around and went home. To the Crusaders, it seemed as if the Emperor had abandoned them to the infidel. Stephen of Blois was branded a coward and upon his return to France his wife was so ashamed she refused to have anything to do with him. Kerbogha continued to press the city hard. On 12 June he nearly captured one of the towers. The Crusaders were starving and were hard-pressed just to hold the 400 towers that lined the city walls. And then, even as the situation seemed hopeless, a miracle occurred. Several miracles, actually. On 10 June 1098,a poor peasant by the name of Peter Bartholomew, the servant of a member of Count Raymond's army, came before Raymond and Bishop Adhemar. He told them of having received several visions over the preceding months from St. Andrew in which the saint told him that the Holy Lance--the spear that pierced Christ's side as he hung on the Cross--lay buried in St. Peter's Cathedral in Antioch. Raymond was convinced, but Adhemar was skeptical and there the matter sat. But news of the vision spread, with everyone having his own opinion. That very evening, another Provençal, this one a priest, told of a vision he had had. Since he swore it was true, and as his reputation was good (Peter Bartholomew's was not), Adhemar believed him. On 14 June 1098, a meteor was seen to fall into the Turkish camp, a very good omen. On 15 June, a group that included Raymond of Toulouse, the historian Raymond of Aguilers, and Peter Bartholomew went to the cathedral and began to dig. The digging went on for hours, with various people taking turns. Count Raymond gave up and left. Then Peter Bartholomew jumped into the hole to take a hand. He very soon cried out that he had found the lance. Raymond of Aguilers says he himself touched the iron while it was still embedded in the ground. Word of the discovery of the Lance spread rapidly and it was taken to Count Raymond. Bishop Adhemar still thought the man was a fake and refused to accept it, but so great was the rejoicing that he kept quiet. The Christians were planning an attack anyway. They knew that there was serious dissension among various emirs in Kerbogha's camp, and in any case they could not stay much longer in Antioch for the army was starving. They set the date for 28 June 1098. The Crusaders carried the Holy Lance on a standard at the head of the army. When Kerbogha saw the Crusaders in full array, he tried to send out for a truce, but the Crusaders advanced anyway. The Turks tried their usual tactics, but the Crusaders kept on in good formation. As he feared, emirs began deserting Kerbogha on the field of battle. When Dukak of Damascus left, the entire army collapsed. For once, the Christians resisted the temptation to loot the enemy camp, butinstead pressed the Turks hard, killing many. The battle ruined Kerbogha and saved the Crusade. As much as anything, the victory confirmed Peter Bartholomew's visions.As soon as the Turks were gone, the Latins fell to quarreling, this time over who should rule Antioch. Raymond insisted that the city should be turned over to Emperor Alexius, as per their oaths. While he may have been genuine in the sentiment, there is no doubt that Raymond also would do almost anything to prevent Bohemond from having the city. In addition to all the other insults and irritations, Raymond had even been denied the honor of takingthe citadel of Antioch. The emir's son watched Kerbogha's defeat and sent out an offer of surrender. But he refused to surrender to Raymond, who was in command of the troops set to guarding the citadel during the battle. Instead, he surrendered to Bohemond, probably by earlier arrangement, and so it was Bohemond's banners that flew there. He was openly claiming the city for his own, although he certainly had no real right to it. Bohemond had no intention of leaving "his" city. Raymond did not want to leave so long as the situation was unresolved. So the Christians stayed at Antioch; they were in poor condition to march anyway. An epidemic broke out in August 1099; its most prominent victim was Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy. He had often acted as a moderating influence on the princes. With his death, there was no one with the authority and prestige to mitigate their quarrels. Peter Bartholomew continued to be visited by St. Andrew. The details of these visions irritated some among the Crusaders. For example, Peter was told that Antioch should be given to Bohemond, that the city should have a Latin patriarch, and that Bishop Adhemar (who had never believed Peter) would go to hell. Raymond was in an awkward position: possession of the Holy Lance was prestigious and Raymond was convinced it was genuine; at the same time, Peter Bartholomew's visions could be downright embarrassing. Over August and September 1098, a number of the barons rode out from Antioch. They secured various towns and fortresses in the Orontes valley. Some went to Edessa to visit Baldwin. October passed. In November 1098, the leaders agreed they should go on to Jerusalem and Raymond at last yielded to Bohemond about Antioch. Another month passed and still they had not left. The common troops now began to exert pressure. They offered leadership of the Crusade to Raymond if he would lead them now. He accepted. A couple of weeks were spent reducing the last major fortress to the south of Antioch, then Raymond led the army southward on13 January 1099. Seeing him leave,Robert of Normandy and Tancred immediately followed. Godfrey and Robert of Flanders left at the end of February, not wanting to admit that Raymond was their leader. Bohemond refused to budge from Antioch. Arqa never fell. Raymond kept the army at the siege another month, but at last on 13 May 1099, he reluctantly moved on. The emir of Tripoli sent gifts and kept his city safe. Palestine was under the control of the Fatimids of Egypt and they did not keep troops to guard the province, so the Crusaders passed onward in safety. Beirut, Tyre, Acre, none of these cities offered any resistance and the Crusaders did not try to attack. They turned inland at Jaffa and passed through Ramleh on June 3rd. Emissaries from Bethlehem met the army there and persuaded Tancred to come liberate that Christian town from the Turks. He complied and was back the next day.

The army had now been reduced slightly by the departure of Baldwin to Edessa and more substantially by Bohemond and his Normans to Antioch. Even so, the Crusaders were well over ten thousand, perhaps as many as twenty thousand. The petty emirs along the route generally yielded, agreeing to pay some sort of tribute money. They ran into trouble, though, at Arqa, a town about fifteen miles from Tripoli, which refused to surrender. Godfrey and Robert joined the Crusade again there, but even with the additional men, the city held. The siege of Arqa had lasted from 14 February until 5 April 1099, when Peter Bartholomew had another vision, in which St. Andrew said that the city must be taken by storm at once. Now at last, his doubters openly challenged him, declaring he was a fraud and so was the Holy Lance. Peter was furious and demanded to be tested by an ordeal by fire. If he was a fake, he himself obviously believed his visions were genuine. On 8 April 1099, the ordeal was held. Logs were lined up in two parallel rows and were set alight. Peter, holding the Lance high, jumped into the fire and moments later came out the other end. He was terribly burned. He teetered at theedge of the flames and would have fallen back in had not a friend held him up. For twelve days Peter Bartholomew lay in agony, then he died. Those who still believed in him claimed he had gone through unscathed but had been pushed back into the fire. Raymond still kept the Holy Lance. But much of the army believed it was not genuine. The main army moved out on 6 June 1099 and camped at Jerusalem on the 7th. The Egyptian commander hadmade sure the city was well-stocked and had expelled all the Christians from the city. He poisoned the wells around the city and settled in to await rescue from Egypt. The Crusaders numbered about 1500 knights and 12000 foot soldiers, an army that the Egyptians could easily overwhelm if they chose. The Crusaders invested the city, but without siege engines they were unable to do anything effective. The walls were too strong to take by storm,and there was no one on the inside who might betray the city. A general assault on 12 June failed with heavy losses. They had to have siege engines. Jerusalem is in the middle of a desert. It was over twenty miles to the nearest forests, but the Crusaders had no choice. Robert of Flanders and Tancred went to Samaria and began the work of cutting timber. The process took weeks. News came in early July that the Egyptians were at last on the move; the army had maybe a month before they arrived. Acting in accordance with yet another vision, this one of Bishop Adhemar himself, the priests ordered a fast for the whole army. Following the fast, on July 8th, the entire army marched in solemn procession around the walls of Jerusalem. The Muslims watching from the walls mocked the Christians, for they were all dressed as penitents and were singing psalms. After the circuit, the army assembled on the Mount of Olives, where Peter the Hermit preached to them, followed by Raymond of Aguilers, then by Arnulf Malecorne. It was a moving experience for everyone. The next two days were spent preparing the three siege towers. On 10 July 1099, they were rolled into place. They began to bombard the walls. The assault was set for the night of 14 July. All of the 14th was spent simply getting close enough to the walls to attack effectively. Raymond commanded one tower, but he was unable to gain a foothold. Godfrey commanded a second tower (the third was smaller and was used only as a diversion). About mid-day on the 15th, they were able to make a bridge from this tower to the wall. Two Flemish knights--Letold and Gilbert of Tournai--were first across. They were followed closely by Godfrey. As they secured a section of the wall, the Lorrainers were able to bring up scaling ladders, andTancred was able to follow. Godfrey fought his way to the Gate of the Column to open it to the main army. Tancred meanwhile worked his way toward the Temple and the Dome of the Rock. The Fatimid commander surrendered to Tancred, and his banner was set on top of the mosque. As the defense collapsed on the north side of the city, Raymond was able at last to break in on the south side. He occupied the Tower of David, next to the Jaffa Gate. The city had fallen, but the fighting went on into the night. There now began an orgy of killing. The Crusaders went on a rampage, killing everyone theymet. They went into houses and dragged out the inhabitants to kill them. They stole everything they found. The princes lost all control. Muslim refugees had taken refuge in the Dome of the Rock, the mosque of al-Aqsa, the one Tancred had taken. Despite his banner flying above, on the morning of the 16 July 1099, a group of Crusaders broke in and slaughtered everyone inside. Similarly, the Jews of the city fled to their synagogue, only to have the Crusaders set it on fire, killing everyone. The chroniclers tell of streets running with blood and of horses splashing blood up onto their riders' leggings. Order returned on 17 July, not so much because the commanders regained control as there was simply no one left to kill. All the Jews of Jerusalem were dead. All the Muslims were dead. The Christians had been expelled before the siege began. The city was empty of all save its conquerors. The western sources are briskly unapologetic in their descriptions of the carnage, indicating that the chroniclers were no more dismayed than were the perpetrators. But the Muslim world would never forget or forgive the Crusaders' behavior. Jerusalem was a holy city to the Muslims as much as it was to the Christians. The looting of sacred shrines and the slaughter of innocents confirmed the general Muslim opinion that the Westerners were savage barbarians with no faith at all save in blood and wealth. The commanders met that Sunday, the 17th, to discuss plans. They gave orders to have the streets cleared of corpses and for the return of local Christians. The question of who should rule in Jerusalem was broached at this meeting, seemingly for the first time. No one could agree on who should be chosen as Patriarch and that decision was postponed. The leading candidates for a governor were Raymond and Godfrey. The barons first offered to Raymond, who refused, saying that only Christ could be king in Jerusalem. They made the same offer to Godfrey, who showed an unexpected cleverness. He too declined the title of king, but he accepted the offer, taking as his title "Advocate ofthe Holy Sepulcher". The title of advocatus was a traditional one in northern France. An advocate was one who was given authority over a town or region by its overlord. The advocate acted on his lord's behalf until such time as the lord should return in person. Godfrey was thus able to lay claim to all the temporal authority of being a ruler of Jerusalem without threatening the theoretical superiority of the Church. Raymond was furious. He holed up in the Tower of David and refused to yield it. He was finally persuaded to give it into the care of a bishop, but as soon as he moved out, the bishop turned it over to Godfrey. Raymond was now sure that everyone was conspiring against him. He left Jerusalem, never to return.Crusader "states" after the fall of Jerusalem: With Raymond gone, Arnulf Malecorne was now chosen as Patriarch of Jerusalem. He was not a particularly good choice. Most of the army liked him, but he banned all rites at the Holy Sepulcher except the Latin, alienating the local Christians, and his moral reputation was not good. Still, Jerusalem now had its leaders. The First Crusade had been a tremendous success. It was to be the only crusade to succeed in its objectives.

Married circa 1100: Ide=Ade de Hainaut (2094),, daughter of Baudouin II, Count de Hainaut (2074) and Alix=Ide de Louvain (2075) (Ade was Thomas I's first wife). Married circa 1110: Mélisende de Crécy (3137),, daughter of Guy II, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3410) and Élizabeth=Adélaïde de Crécy (3411) (Mélisende was Thomas I's third wife). Died: in 1130 at Boves, Somme, Picardie, France (Abbott, Page 114.).

75. Ide=Ade7 de Hainaut (2094) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 201.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (Mike Talbot was a Prodigy Member as of 5 September 1993 at which time he held the identification of YSHA60A. He discontinued his membership shortly thereafter when prices were raised, Letter dated 30 August 1994.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). Married Name: d'Oisy (2094). Married Name: de Coucy (2094). Married Name: de Chièvres (2094). AKA: Adélaïde de Raméru (2094). AKA: Ade de Ramerupt (2094). AKA: Ade de Rumigny (2094). Born: between 1081 and 1085, daughter of Baudouin II, Count de Hainaut (2074) and Alix=Ide de Louvain (2075), Ide's, wife of Hughes I, parentage is uncertain. Married before 1095 at Belgium: Hughes I, Count d'Oisy (2095),, son of Hughes, Châtelain de Douai (15642) and Adèle, Dame de Cambrai (15643). Married circa 1100: Thomas I, Sire de Coucy (3134),, son of Enguérrand I, Seigneur de Coucy (3132) and Adèle=Ade, de Roucy (3133) (Ade was Thomas I's first wife). Died: after 1103. Married before 1125 at Belgium: Guy, Seigneur de Chièvres (14370),, son of Dietrich I van Peteghem (14385) and Adelindis de Chièvres (14386).

80. Yves II, Seigneur7 de Nesle (4367) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236.) (Abbott, Page 123.). Born: before 1080 at France, son of Yves I, Seigneur de Nesle(4365) and N? N? (4366), Yves II is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Married before 1095: Ermentrude de Soissons (4368),, daughter of Guillaume dit Busac, Count d'Eu (3949) and Adélaïde, Countess de Soissons (3950). Died: circa 1100 (Abbott, Page 123.).

81. Ermentrude7 de Soissons (4368) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). Married Name: de Nesle (4368). Born: in 1059 at France, daughter of Guillaume dit Busac, Count d'Eu (3949) and Adélaïde, Countess de Soissons (3950). Married before 1095: Yves II, Seigneur de Nesle (4367),, son of Yves I, Seigneur de Nesle (4365) and N? N? (4366).

88. Ingelbert III7 van Peteghem (12577) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours; 9 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). Born: before 1044 at Belgium, son of Ingelbert II van Peteghem (14380) and Glismode N? (14381). Died: after 1046 at Belgium Ingelbert III was alive in the year 1046. Married before 1095: N? N? (12578).

89. N?7 N? (12578). Married before 1095: Ingelbert III van Peteghem (12577),, son of Ingelbert II van Peteghem (14380) and Glismode N? (14381).

90. Baudouin I7 van Ghent (12579) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). AKA: Baldwin van Aalst (12579). Born: before 1062 at BelgiumBaudouin I is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Married before 1081: N? N? (12580). Died: in 1082.

91. N?7 N? (12580). Married before 1081: Baudouin I van Ghent (12579).

92. Fastré II7 d'Oisy (4078) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). AKA: Fastre, Steward de Doornick (4078). Born: in 1075 at France, son of Fastre d'Oisy (4077) and Adé=Ide d'Avesnes (4076) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1090: Richilde N? (4079). Died: in 1111 at Belgium Fastre was alive in January 1111.

93. Richilde7 N? (4079) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-30.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: d'Oisy (4079). Born: in 1080 at France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1090: Fastré II d'Oisy (4078),, son of Fastre d'Oisy (4077) and Adé=Ide d'Avesnes (4076).

94. Évrard I, Duke7 de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4081) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-29.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). AKA: Éverard I Radulf, Burggrave de Doornick (4081). AKA: Éverard I, Seigneur de Mortagne-du-Nord (4081) (Abbott, Page 298.). AKA: Radulf, Burggrave de Doornick (4081). AKA: Évrard, Châtelain de Tournay (4081) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). Born: before 1067 at Hainaut, Belgium, son of Alard I van Peteghem (14403) and N? N? (14404). Married before 1090: Francka N? (4082). Died: after 1112 (Abbott, Page 298.). PaterAlter before 1116 Évrard I, Duke de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4081)/Éverard II Radulf, Burggrave de Doornick (14396) (an unknown value) (Abbott, Page 298.).

95. Francka7 N? (4082) (Paul Theroff, posts, 09 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). Married Name: de Doornick (4082). Born: before 1075 Francka is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her dauther, Ide, was born. Married before 1090: Évrard I, Duke de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut (4081),, son of Alard I van Peteghem (14403) and N? N? (14404). MaterAlter: before 1116 Éverard II Radulf, Burggrave de Doornick (14396)/Francka N? (4082) (Abbott, Page 298.).

96. Amaury III, Seigneur7 de Montfort (3194) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168, 227.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:27 Hours.). AKA: Amaury IV de Hainaut (3194). AKA: Amaury, Count d'Évreux (3194) In 1119, the King besieged the town and burned it. Amaury kept the citadel but later handed it over to the King who returned it to him. Later, having taken part in the League de Cliton, he was taken in an ambush and imprisoned. But in 1126, he accompanied King Louis VI in his expedition against the Comte d'Auvergne. In 1128, he was reconciled with King Henry (Abbott, Page 230.). Born: before 1076 at France, son of Simon I, Seigneur de Montfort (3191) and Agnès d'Évreux (3193), Amaury III is presumed to have been born before his father was 50 years of age. Married circa 1115: Richilde de Hainaut (11260),, daughter of Baudouin II, Count de Hainaut (2074) and Alix=Ide de Louvain (2075) (Richilde was Amaury III's first wife). Divorced Richilde de Hainaut (11260): in 1118. Note - between 1118 and 1137: Amaury III/IV was allied from time to time with enemies of the French Monarchy, in particular the Anglo-Normans; but at other times, he supported the King of France, as atthe attack of l'Aigle in 1118, and the following year when the English King Henry I, burned Évreux, a possession of Amaury. Henry made him prisoner in1124. In 1126, he accompanied Louis VI in his attack against the Comte d'Auvergne. Having married the niece of Étienne de Garlande, the latter had him named Maréchal. But the King dismissed Étienne and in 1128 besieged Étienne and Amaury at Livry. The relationship with the Garlande brought some new lands such as La-Ferté-Alais and Rochefort-en-Yveline (Abbott, Page 48.). Married circa 1120 at France: Agnès de Garlande (3196),, daughter of Anseau de Garlande (4272) and Lituise de Montlhéry (3412) (Agnès was Amaury III's second wife and he was her first husband). Died: circa 1137 (Abbott, Page 48.).

97. Agnès7 de Garlande (3196) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168, 227.) (Stuart, Page 91, Line 124-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted under Subject "Montfort" on 26 February 1994 at 23:12 Hours.). Married Name: de Montfort (3196). Married Name: de Dreux (3196). AKA: Agnès, Dame de La Ferté-Alais (3196) (Abbott, Page 104.). AKA: Agnès, Countess de Rochefort (3196). Born: before 1110 at Ile-de-France, France, daughter of Anseau de Garlande (4272) and Lituise de Montlhéry (3412), Agnès is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Amaury III. Married circa 1120 at France: Amaury III, Seigneur de Montfort (3194),, son of Simon I, Seigneur de Montfort (3191) and Agnès d'Évreux (3193) (Agnès was Amaury III's second wife and he was her first husband). Married between 1139 and 1141: Robert I, Comte de Dreux (1293),, son of Louis VI, King de France (1287) and Alix=Adélaïde de Maurienne (1288) (Agnès was Robert's first wife and he was her second husband). Died: in 1143.

100. Robert7 de Beaumont-le-Roger (18063) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Clare", 19 July 1995 at 16:13 Hours.). AKA: Robert, Second Earl of Leicester (18063). Also Known As: Robert "Le Bossu" (18063). Also Known As: Robert "Le Goczen" (18063). Born: in 1104, son of Robert, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (11575) and Élizabeth=Isabelle de Vermandois (8012). Married between 1120 and 1125: Amicie de Montfort (18064),, daughter of Raoul, Seigneur de Montfort (18065) and Emma FitzOsbern (18066). Died: on 5 Apr 1168 Robert was the Stewart of England and of Normandie.

101. Amicie7 de Montfort (18064) (Abbott, Page 227.). Married Name: de Beaumont (18064). Married Name: de Beaumont-le-Roger (18064). AKA: Amicie, Dame de Breteuil (18064) (Abbott, Page 227.). Born: before 1106, daughter of Raoul, Seigneur de Montfort (18065) and Emma FitzOsbern (18066), Amicie is presumed to have been born before her mother was 40 years of age. Married between 1120 and 1125: Robert de Beaumont-le-Roger (18063),, son of Robert, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (11575) and Élizabeth=Isabelle de Vermandois (8012). Died: after 1168.

102. Hughes7 de Grandmesnil (9876) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posting in Subject "Beaumont" on 6 March 1994 at 20:13 Hours.). Born: before 1122 Hughes is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter, Pérenelle, was born. Married before 1139: N? N? (18804).

103. N?7 N? (18804). Married before 1139: Hughes de Grandmesnil (9876).

104. Bouchard IV, Lord7 de Montmorency (3435) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184, 239.) (Stuart, Page 21, Line 34-30.). AKA: Bouchard IV, Seigneur d'Éscalien (3435). Born: before 1086 at France, son of Hervé de Montmorency (3433) and Agnès d'Eu (3434), Bouchard IV is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when he was attacked by the King. Note - between 1101 and 1119: Bouchard IV was besieged in Montmorency in 1101 by the future King Louis VI because of his persecution of the Abbey of Saint Denis. In 1119, Bouchard IV was present with the King at the unsuccessful Battle

of Brémule against the English King, Henry I (Abbott, Page 49.). Married before 1115: Agnès de Beaumont-sur-Oise (3436),, daughter of Yves II/III, Count de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4397) and Adèle=Adélaïde de Gournay (4398). Died: between 1130 and 1132 Bouchard IV was alive in the year 1124.

105. Agnès7 de Beaumont-sur-Oise (3436) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184, 239.) (Stuart, Page 199, Line 274-30.). Married Name: de Montmorency (3436). AKA: Agnès, Dame de Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (3436) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: before 1083 at France, daughter of Yves II/III, Count de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4397) and Adèle=Adélaïde de Gournay (4398). Married before 1115: Bouchard IV, Lord de Montmorency (3435),, son of Hervé de Montmorency (3433) and Agnès d'Eu (3434). Died: after 1124.

106. Henry I, King of7 England (2940) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 89-29.) (Paul Augé, Nouveau Larousse Universel (13 à 21 Rue Montparnasse et BoulevardRaspail 114: Librairie Larousse, 1948).) (Elizabeth M. Hallam, Capetian France: 987 - 1328 in ISBN: 0-582-48909-1 (Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman Group, Ltd., 1980).) (André Roux: Scrolls, 231.) (Castelot, Tome I, Pages 505 - 542.) (Abbott, Page 219.). Also Known As: Henri "Beau-Clerc" (2940). Born: in Sep 1068 at Selby, Yorkshire, England, son of Guillaume, Duke de Normandie (2070) and Mathilde=Maud de Flandre (2069). Significant-Other: Sibyl Corbet (11695) before 1088 at England - Sibyl was a mistress [presumably, or concubine] of King Henri I. Significant-Other: Ansfride N? (11687) before 1092 at England - Ansfrid was a mistress [presumably, or concubine] of King Henri I. Significant-Other: Edith FitzForne (8536) before 1093 at England - Edith was a mistress of King Henry I. Significant-Other: Isabelle de Beaumont (11705) before 1097 at England - Isabel was a mistress [presumably, or concubine] of King Henri I. Note - between 1100 and 1135: 3rd. son of William the Conqueror, Henri I was the King of England from 1100 to 1135. He succeeded his oldest brother, William II, who died under suspicious circumstances in a purported hunting "accident". Henry I seized the Crown, while his brother Robert, Duke de Normandie, who was next in the line of succession was absent on a crusade. Henry I was given the nickname "Beau-Clerc" [fine scholar] due to his exceptionally fine education. Henry I's son William Aetheling died at sea when the White Ship sank. His daughter Mathilde joined with the Plantagenêts. He reorganized the Curia regis. His older brother, Robert I, Duke of Normandie invaded England (1101) but was forced to recognize Henry as King of England. In 1106, Henry seized Normandy. He was the first king of England to grant and use a coat of arms. At his accession, Henry I issued the famous Charter of Liberties, which, over a hundred years later, was used as the basis of the Magna Carta, the foundation of specified liberties of the Anglo-Saxon World. He also favored the Church, in order to gain its backing inn his disputes with his brother, Robert, concerning the English Throne. The Charter of Liberties helped gain Henry I the support of the nobles. He conciliated the English, conquered by his father, by marrying Matilda, daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland who was descended from the Anglo-Saxon kings. Married on 11 Nov 1100 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, England: Mathilde=Edith of Scotland (2941),, daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland (4026) and Sainte Marguerite of Scotland (4027). Married on 29 Jan 1121: Adélaïde de Louvain (4628),, daughter of Godefroy I, Duke de Lorraine (3969) and Ide de Namur (3967) (Adélaïde was Henri

I's second wife and he was her first husband. At 15 years of age, she therefore married this 50-year old widower. Perhaps understandably, her true passion was said to be needlework). Significant-Other: Nesta of Wales (17731) before 1133 -. Died: on 1 Dec 1135 at Castle of Lyons-la-Forêt, Saint-Denis-en-Lyons, Maine-et-Loire, France, at age 67 Henri I is buried at the Reading Cathedral.

108. Baudouin III, Count7 de Hainaut (2076) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Abbott, Page 559.). Born: in 1088, son of Baudouin II, Count de Hainaut (2074) and Alix=Ide de Louvain (2075). Married circa 1107: Yolande de Gueldre (2077),, daughter of Gérard, Count von Wassenburg (2078) and Clémence, Comtesse de Longwy (4001). Died: in 1120 (Abbott, Page 292.).

109. Yolande7 de Gueldre (2077) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Stuart, Page 88, Line 119-30.). Married Name: de Hainaut (2077). AKA: Yolande von Geldern (2077). Born: before 1092, daughter of Gérard, Count von Wassenburg (2078) and Clémence, Comtesse de Longwy (4001), Yolande is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Baudouin III. Married circa 1107: Baudouin III, Count de Hainaut (2076),, son of Baudouin II, Count de Hainaut (2074) and Alix=Ide de Louvain (2075). Died: circa 1120.

110. Godefroy, Comte7 de Namur (3968) (André Roux: Scrolls, 197, 200.) (Stuart, Page 92, Line 126-30.). AKA: Godefroi, Comte de Château-Porcien (3968). AKA: Godfrey, Count de Dagsburg (3968). Born: circa 1067 at Belgium, son of Albert III, Count de Namur (1986) and Ide=Relinde de Saxe (1984). Married circa 1087: Sybille de Château-Porcien (3970),, daughter of Roger, Comte de Château-Porcien (18993) and N? N? (18994) (Sybille was Godefroy's first wife). Annulled he and Sybille de Château-Porcien (3970): circa 1100 (an unknown value). Married in 1101: Ermesende de Luxembourg (3971),, daughter of Conrad I, Count de Luxembourg (3998) and Clémence, Comtesse de Longwy (4001) (Godefroy's marriage to Ermessende de Luxembourg represented his second and he was her second husband, and they both were alive in 1121). Died: on 19 Aug 1139 Godefroy is burried at Florette.

111. Ermesende7 de Luxembourg (3971) (André Roux: Scrolls, 197, 200.) (Stuart, Page 3, Line 3-30.). Married Name: de Namur (3971). AKA: Ermesinde de Longwy (3971). Married Name: von Egisheim (3971). Born: in 1075 at Luxembourg, daughter of Conrad I, Count de Luxembourg (3998) and Clémence, Comtesse de Longwy (4001). Note - between 1086 and 1142: Ermesende was the heiress of Luxemburg and of Longwy. Married between 1092 and 1095: Adalbert II von Egisheim (4003),, son of Henry I, Count von Egisheim (8705) and N? von Moka (8706) (Ermesinde was Adalbert II's second wife and he was her first husband). Married in 1101: Godefroy, Comte de Namur (3968),, son of Albert III, Count de Namur (1986) and Ide=Relinde de Saxe (1984) (Godefroy's marriage to Ermessende de Luxembourg represented his second and he was her second husband, and they both were alive in 1121). Died: on 24 Jun 1143 at Belgium Some sources indicate that Ermesende died in 1141.

112. Hughes II Borel, Duke7 de Bourgogne (1308) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 121.) (Stuart, Page 43, Line 60-30;Page 262, Line 377-30.) (Castelot, Tome 2, Page 490.). Also Known As: Hughes "Le Pacific" (1308). Born: in 1085 at France, son of Eudes I Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1306) and Mathilde=Sybille, Dame de Bourgogne (1307). Married circa 1115: Mathilde, Countess de Turenne (1309),, daughter ofBoson I, Vicomte de Turenne (2424) and Gerberge de Terrasson (2425) (Stuart, Page 262.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Roxanne Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] under Subject "House of Burgundy", 5 November 1997 at 00:45 Hours.). Died: in 1143 Hughes II is buried at Citeaux (Abbott, Page 199.).

113. Mathilde, Countess7 de Turenne (1309) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 125.) (Stuart, Line 377-30, Page 262.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (1309). AKA: Mathilde de Mayenne (1309). Born: before 1091 at Guyenne, France, daughter of Boson I, Vicomte de Turenne (2424) and Gerberge de Terrasson (2425) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Roxanne Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] under Subject "House of Burgundy", 5 November 1997 at 00:45 Hours.). Married circa 1115: Hughes II Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1308),, son of Eudes I Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1306) and Mathilde=Sybille, Dame de Bourgogne (1307) (Stuart, Page 262.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Roxanne Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] under Subject "House of Burgundy", 5 November 1997 at 00:45 Hours.). Died: after 1162 at France.

114. Thibaud IV, Palatin7 de Champagne (2200) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121.) (Stuart, Page 59, Line 81-29; Page 98, Line 133-30.) (Augé.). Also KnownAs: Thibaud "Le Grand" (2200). AKA: Thibaud II, Count de Blois (2200). AKA: Thibaud IV, Count de Brie (2200). Note -: Thibaud (Theobald) II, Count de Blois was second only to the King in terms of political power. He encouraged trade and diverted merchants from the episcopal cities of Reims and Orléans, and Troyes, Provins, Meaux, Lagny, and Bar-sur-Aube all gained custom (increasing his wealth) at the expense of Reims and also Paris. He held about two-thirds of the castles in Champagne together with the land rights to Troyes, the Perthois and Épernay regions, Meaux, Coulommiers and Bar-sur-Aube. Born: in 1093 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Orléanais, France, son of Étienne dit Henri, Count de Champagne (2192) and Alix=Adèle de Normandie (2193). Married in 1123: Mahaud, Marquise de Carinthie (2201),, daughter of Engilbert III, Duke de Carinthie (2202) and Uta, Lady von Passau (2203). Died: on 8 Oct 1152 at Ligny, Namur, Belgium.

115. Mahaud, Marquise7 de Carinthie (2201) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121.) (Stuart, Page 167, Line 228-30.). AKA: Mathilda von Sponheim (2201). Born:before 1108 at Carinthia, Austria, daughter of Engilbert III, Duke de Carinthie (2202) and Uta, Lady von Passau (2203), Mahaud is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Thibault was born. Married in 1123: Thibaud IV, Palatin de Champagne (2200),, son of Étienne dit Henri, Count de Champagne (2192) and Alix=Adèle de Normandie (2193). Died: on 13 Dec 1161 at Abbey de Fontevrault, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France.

116. Guigues IX, Count7 d'Albon (2403) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 127.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 12 May 1995 at 02:56 Hours.). AKA: Guigon, Dauphin de Vienne (2403). AKA: Guigues IV, Dauphin d'Albon (2403). AKA: Guigues IV, Dauphin du Dauphiné (2403) (Abbott, Page 581.). AKA: Guigues IV, Comte de Grenoble (2403) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=101707, 7 December 2008.). Born: in 1095 at Grenoble, Isère, Dauphiné, France, son of Guigues VIII, Count d'Albon (2464) and Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465), Guigues IX was alive in the year 1110. Married circa 1115 at France: Marguerite Clémence de Bourgogne (2402),, daughter of Étienne I, Count de Bourgogne (2400) and Béatrix de Lorraine (2401) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=101708, 7 December 2008.). Died: on 28 Jun 1142 at France Guigues IX, called Guigues IV by some sources, was killed in action in La Buissière, and is buried at Notre Dame de Grenoble.

117. Marguerite Clémence7 de Bourgogne (2402) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 127.). AKA: Clémence, Dauphine de Vienne (2402). Married Name: d'Albon (2402). AKA: Marguerite de Mâcon (2402). Born: in 1100, daughter of Étienne I, Count de Bourgogne (2400) and Béatrix de Lorraine (2401) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=101708, 7 December 2008.). Married circa 1115 at France: Guigues IX, Count d'Albon (2403),, son of Guigues VIII, Count d'Albon (2464) and Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=101708, 7 December 2008.). Died: in 1164 at France.

118. Guillaume V, Marquis7 de Montferrat (2472) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:44 Hours.). Also Known As: Guillermo "Il Vecchio" (2472). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Vieux" (2472) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: before 1127 at Montferrat, Piémont, Italy, son of Rainier III, Margrave de Montferrat (10324) and Gisle=Gisèle, Countess de Bourgogne (2118), Guillaume V is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Béatrix was born. André Roux refers to this Guillaume as Guillaume II. Married in 1133: Judith of Austria (2473),, daughter of Léopold III, Margrave of Austria (11562) and Agnès de Franconia (8209) (Guillaume V and Judith were married before 28 March 1133). AKA: Guillaume V, Marquis de Montferrat (2472). Died: in 1191.

119. Judith of7 Austria (2473) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:44 Hours.). Married Name: de Montferrat (2473). Born: before 1130 at Austria, daughter of Léopold III, Margrave of Austria (11562) and Agnès de Franconia (8209), Judith is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrix was born. Married in 1133: Guillaume V, Marquis de Montferrat (2472),, son of Rainier III, Margrave de Montferrat (10324) and Gisle=Gisèle, Countess de Bourgogne (2118) (Guillaume V and Judith were married before 28 March 1133). Died:in 1168 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

120. Guillaume, Seigneur7 de Sabran (4213) (André Roux: Scrolls, 220.) (Stuart, Page 86, Line 116-29.). Born: circa 1115 at France, son of Rostaing, Seigneur de Sabran (7821) and Constance Amic (7822). Married before 1133: Adalaicia N? (4214). Died: circa 1199.

121. Adalaicia7 N? (4214) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). Born: before 1118 Adalaicia is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Rostaing, was born. Married before 1133: Guillaume, Seigneur de Sabran (4213),, son of Rostaing, Seigneur de Sabran (7821) and Constance Amic (7822).

122. Raimond dit Roscas, Seigneur7 d'Uzès (4217) (André Roux: Scrolls, 220.) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-30.) (Abbott, Page 398.). AKA: Raimon I du Cayla (4217) (Abbott, Page 398.). Born: circa 1115, son of Brémond, Seigneur d'Uzès (7846) and N? N? (7847), André Roux shows no parentage for Raimond. Stuart indicates that the father of Roscine was Raimond dit Roscas, son of Brémond. Abbott shows the father of Roscine as Raimond I duCayla, with no parentage. Abbott shows one Raimond dit Rascas d'Uzès as son of Bermond de Posquières and Uzès, son of Raymond Décan. Marriedbefore 1139: Béatrix, Dame d'Uzès (4218),, daughter of Éléazer, Seigneur d'Uzès (7850) and N? N? (7851). Note - between 1199 and 1200: Raimond did homage for Saye to the Bishop of Avignon in 1199-1200. Died: after 1209 Raimond was alive in the year 1200. According to Abbott, he inherited 1/2 of Uzès in 1209.

123. Béatrix, Dame7 d'Uzès (4218) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-30.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 220.) (Abbott, Page 398.). Born: before 1125, daughter of Éléazer, Seigneur d'Uzès (7850) and N? N? (7851), Béatrix is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Rosine was born. Neither André Roux nor Stuart attribute a parentage to Béatrix. Abbott indicates she inherited 1/4 of Uzès from her father Elzéar I, and that her brother Raymond Decan who married Marie, Dame de Posquières, inherited 3/4. Married before 1139: Raimond dit Roscas, Seigneur d'Uzès (4217),, son of Brémond, Seigneur d'Uzès (7846) and N? N? (7847).

124. Bertrand III, Count7 de Forcalquier (2973) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-30.) (Abbott, Page 613.). AKA: Bertrand II, Count d'Avignon (2973). Born: circa 1110 at France, son of Guillaume V, Count de Forcalquier (2971) and Garsende d'Albon (2972). Married before 1130: Jocerane de Flotte (2974),, daughter of Arnaud I de Flotte (3088) and Adélaïs de Comps (3089). Died: between 1149 and 1150.

125. Jocerane7 de Flotte (2974) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-30.). AKA: Josserande de La Flotte (2974). Married Name:

de Forcalquier (2974). Born: before 1115 at Flotte, Auvergne, France, daughter of Arnaud I de Flotte (3088) and Adélaïs de Comps (3089), Jocerane is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Guillaume VI was born. Married before 1130: Bertrand III, Count de Forcalquier (2973),, son of Guillaume V, Count de Forcalquier (2971) and Garsende d'Albon (2972).

--- 8th Generation ---

128. Hugh, Maitre du Palais8 de France (6746) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). Born: before 1000 at France, son of Renaud N? (6748) and N? N? (6749), Hugh is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Renaud was born. Married before 1015: N? N? (6747). Died: circa 1060 Hugh was alive in the year 1060.

129. N?8 N? (6747). Married before 1015: Hugh, Maitre du Palais de France (6746),, son of Renaud N? (6748) and N? N? (6749).

130. Baudouin II, Count8 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6750) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-30.). Born: before 1000, son of Baudouin I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6752) and N? N? (6753), Baudouin II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Ermengarde was born. Married before 1015: N? N? (6751).

131. N?8 N? (6751). Married before 1015: Baudouin II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6750),, son of Baudouin I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6752) and N? N? (6753).

132. Hildouin III, Comte8 de Montdidier (3976) (André Roux: Scrolls, 198.) (Stuart, Page 195, Line 266-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Hildouin III, Seigneur de Raméru (3976). Also Known As: Hildouin "Comes" (3976). Born: circa 980 at Picardie, France, son of Hildouin II, Count de Montdidier (3974) and N? de Dammartin (3975). Married before 1010: Lesseline N? (3977). Died: after 1037 Hildouin III was alive in the years 1033-1037.

133. Lesseline8 N? (3977) (André Roux: Scrolls, 198.). Married Name: de Montdidier (3977). Born: before 995 at France Lesseline is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Hildouin IV was born. Married before 1010: Hildouin III, Comte de Montdidier (3976),, son of Hildouin II, Count de Montdidier (3974) and N? de Dammartin (3975).

134. Ebles I, Vidâme8 de Reims (2601) (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 254.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 170-32.). AKA: Ebles I, Comte de Reims (2601). AKA: Ebles, Comte de Roucy (2601). Born: circa 988 at Reims, Champagne, France, son of Gervais, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599) and N. de Poitiers (2600). Married before 1014: Adélaïde=Béatrix de Hainaut (2602),, daughter of Raynier V, Count de Hainaut (1269) and Hadwige Capet, Princesse de France (1268). Divorced Adélaïde=Béatrix de Hainaut (2602): on 11 May 1033. Occupation: before 1053 at France Ebles I was the Vidâme and Count of Reims and Count of Roucy. Died: on 11 May 1053.

135. Adélaïde=Béatrix8 de Hainaut (2602) (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 254.) (Stuart, Page 119, Line 163-32.). Married Name: de Reims (2602). Born: circa 997 at Netherlands, Pays Bas, daughter of Raynier V, Count de Hainaut (1269) and Hadwige Capet, Princesse de France (1268). Married before 1014: Ebles I, Vidâme de Reims (2601),, son of Gervais, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599) and N. de Poitiers (2600). Divorced Ebles I, Vidâme de Reims (2601): on 11 May 1033. Married circa 1035: Manasses, Vicomte de Reims (4948). Died: after 1035 Adélaïde was alive in the year 1035.

136. Louis II, Comte8 de Montbéliard (4015) (André Roux: Scrolls, 205.) (Stuart, Page 109, Line 149-31.) (Abbott, Page 640.). AKA: Louis II, Seigneur de Saint-Michel (4015). AKA: Louis II, Count de Bar-le-Duc (4015). AKA: Louis II, Seigneur d'Aimance (4015). AKA: Louis I, Comte de Mousson (4015) (Abbott, Page 545.). Born: in 1019 at France, son of Richwin=Richuris, Count de Scarpone (7443) and Hildegarde von Egisheim (7444). Marriedin 1037: Sophie, Countess de Bar-le-Duc (4014),, daughter of Frédéric II, Duke de Lorraine (4012) and Mathilde de Souabe (4013) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: either1070 or 1073 at France (Abbott, Page 640.).

137. Sophie, Countess8 de Bar-le-Duc (4014) (André Roux: Scrolls, 205.) (Stuart, Page 183, Line 247-31.) (Abbott, Page 545.). Married Name: de Montbéliard (4014). Born: in 1018, daughter of Frédéric II, Duke de Lorraine (4012) and Mathilde de Souabe (4013). Married in 1037: Louis II, Comte de Montbéliard (4015),, son of Richwin=Richuris, Count de Scarpone (7443) and Hildegarde von Egisheim (7444) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Note - between 1037 and 1093: Sophie was the heiress of Bar-le-Duc. Her share of the succession of her brother consisted of the abbey of Saint-Mihiel and itsdependencies, the castles of Bar, Amance and Mousson, the southern part of her family's ancestral lands. She entered into possession of these lands atthe time of her marriage (Poull, Souverains de Bar, 1-455, pages 32, 69.). Died: on 21 Jan 1093 The Obituaire de Saint-Mansuy records the death "21 Jan" of "Sophia comitissa" (Poull, Souverains de Bar, 1-455, pages 20, 32, 69, and 76.).

138. Guillaume I, Comte8 de Vienne (2392) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.) (Stuart, Page 73, Line 94-31.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Tête Hardie" (2392). AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Mâcon (2392) (Abbott, Page 213.). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Bourgogne (2392) (Abbott, Page 600.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Grand" (2392) (Abbott, Page 506.). Born: circa 1024 at Vienne, Isère, France, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033). Married in 1049 at France: Étiennette de Barcelone (2393),, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: on 12 Nov 1087 (Stuart, Page 73.).

139. Étiennette8 de Barcelone (2393) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Vienne (2393). AKA: Étienette de Longwy (2393). AKA: Stephanie de Longwy (2393). PaterAlter circa 1035 Étiennette de Barcelone (2393)/Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) (an unknown value). MaterAlter: circa 1035 Clémence de Foix (15587)/Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Born: circa 1035, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395), Étiennette's parentage may be in dispute with sources referenced in Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" showing her to be the daughter of Adalbert III, Comte de Longwy by Clémence de Foix. Married in 1049 at France: Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392),, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: after 1088.

140. Gérard IV, Count8 d'Alsace (3215) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169, 193.) (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-32.). AKA: Gérard, Count de Châtenois (3215). AKA: Gérard IV, Duke de Lorraine (3215) Gérard IV became the Duke of the Haute Lorraine in 1048 (Abbott, Page 541.). Born: before 1026, son of Gérard III, Count d'Alsace (3213) and Gisèle de Metz (3214), Gérard IV was born before Béatrix. Married before 1056: Hadvis=Hadwige de Namur (3216),, daughter of Albert=Adalbert I, Count de Namur (3823) and Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude de Lorraine (3822). Died: on 14 Apr 1070 at Remiremont, Vosges, Lorraine, France.

141. Hadvis=Hadwige8 de Namur (3216) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169, 193, 197.) (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-32.). Married Name: d'Alsace (3216). Born: before 1010, daughter of Albert=Adalbert I, Count de Namur (3823) and Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude de Lorraine (3822). Married before 1056: Gérard IV, Count d'Alsace (3215),, son of Gérard III, Count d'Alsace (3213) and Gisèle de Metz (3214). Died: between 1075 and 1080 Gary Murray's sources indicate Hedwig died 28 January 1067 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.).

142. Gerhard III, Count8 von Egisheim (6991) (Stuart, Page 182, Line 246-31.). Born: before 1038, son of Gerhard II, Count d'Alsace (6993) and Berthe=Berta N? (6994). Married before 1059: Pétronille = Richarde de Verdun (6992),, daughter of Frédéric II, Duke de Lorraine (4012) and Mathilde de Souabe (4013). Died: in 1075.

143. Pétronille = Richarde8 de Verdun (6992) (Stuart, Page 182, Line 246-31.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married Name: von Egisheim (6992). Born: before 1026,daughter of Frédéric II, Duke de Lorraine (4012) and Mathilde de Souabe (4013). Married before 1059: Gerhard III, Count von Egisheim (6991),, son of Gerhard II, Count d'Alsace (6993) and Berthe=Berta N? (6994).

144. Valéran, Seigneur8 de Breteuil (20658) (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.) (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.). Born: before 1062, son of Évrard, Seigneur de Breteuil (20660) and Humberge, Dame du Puiset (20661). Married before 1081: N? N? (20659). Died: circa 1119.

145. N?8 N? (20659). Married before 1081: Valéran, Seigneur de Breteuil (20658),, son of Évrard, Seigneur de Breteuil (20660) and Humberge, Dame du Puiset (20661).

Coat of Arm associated with Enguérrand I, Seigneur de Coucy.

148. Enguérrand I, Seigneur8 de Coucy (3132) (André Roux: Scrolls, 165.) (Stuart, Page 22, Line 37-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 03 May 1994 at 14:25 hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). AKA: Enguerrand de La Fère (3132) (Abbott, Page 36.). AKA: Enguérrand I, Baron de Boves (3132) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). AKA: Enguérrand I, Count d'Amiens (3132) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). Born: circa 1042 at Coucy, Ile-de-France, France, son of Dreux, Seigneur de Boves (3130) and Adèle de Coucy (3131). Married before 1073: Adèle=Ade, de Roucy (3133),, daughter of Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6897) and Mahaut N? (6898) (Adèle was

Enguérrand I's first wife. Through this marriage, Enguérrand I came into possession of lands de Marle, de La Fere, and de Vervins). Married before 1116: Sibylle de Porcéan (6894),, daughter of Roger de Porcéan (6895) and N? N? (6896) (Sibylle was Enguérrand I's second wife. She tried to have her stepson, Thomas de Marle assassinated. However, he, in turn, became a hardened character) (Abbott, Page 36.). Died: in 1116 Most sources indicate Enguerrand died in 1116, but Abott shows the year as 1118 (Abbott, Page 114.).

149. Adèle=Ade,8 de Roucy (3133) (André Roux: Scrolls, 165.) (Stuart, Page 4, Line 6-31.). AKA: Adèle, Dame de Marle (3133). AKA: Adé, Dame de La Fère (3133) (Abbott, Page 121.). Married Name: de Coucy (3133). Born: before 1058 at Champagne, France, daughter of Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6897) and Mahaut N? (6898), Adèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Thomas I was born. Married before 1073: Enguérrand I, Seigneur de Coucy (3132),, son of Dreux, Seigneur de Boves (3130) and Adèle de Coucy (3131) (Adèle was Enguérrand I's first wife. Through this marriage, Enguérrand I came into possession of lands de Marle, de La Fere, and de Vervins).

150. Baudouin II, Count8 de Hainaut (2074) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 253.) (Stuart, Page 54, Line 73-31.) (Abbott, Pages 292, 559.). AKA: Baudouin,Count de Jérusalem (2074) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 253.). Born: circa 1056, son of Baudouin VI de Flandre (2019) and Rothilde=Richilde, Comtessede Hainaut (2017). Note - in 1070: Baudouin II was ignored in the succession to Flanders by his uncle, who succeeded Arnoul III. Married in 1084: Alix=Ide de Louvain (2075),, daughter of Henri II, Count de Louvain (4184) and Adèle=Alix de Turinge (4185). Died: after 8 Jun 1098 at Holy Land Baudouin II died while on the First Crusade.

151. Alix=Ide8 de Louvain (2075) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 101, Line 138-31.). Born: circa 1065 at Louvain, Louvain, Brabant, Belgium, daughter of Henri II, Count de Louvain (4184) and Adèle=Alix de Turinge (4185), Louvain the French version for the city known as Leeuven in Flemish. Married in 1084: Baudouin II, Count de Hainaut (2074),, son of Baudouin VI de Flandre (2019) and Rothilde=Richilde, Comtesse de Hainaut (2017). Died: in 1139 Ide was a widow by the year 1107.

160. Yves I, Seigneur8 de Nesle (4365) (André Roux: Scrolls, 236.). AKA: Yves I de Néelle (4365). Born: before 975 at France. Died: after 980 Yves I was alive in the year 980. Married before 1084: N? N? (4366).

161. N?8 N? (4366). Married before 1084: Yves I, Seigneur de Nesle (4365).

162. Guillaume dit Busac, Count8 d'Eu (3949) (André Roux: Scrolls, 195, 255.) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-33.). AKA: Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (3949). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Soissons (3949). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Troyes (3949). Born: circa 1022, son of Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (2982) and Lezcéline d'Harcourt (3948). Married in 1058: Adélaïde, Countess de Soissons (3950),, daughter of Renaud = Rainald II, Count de Soissons(1949) and Adélaïde=Aélis de Roucy (1950) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Died: in 1077 Guillaume was alive in the year 1076.

163. Adélaïde, Countess8 de Soissons (3950) (André Roux: Scrolls, 195, 255.) (Stuart, Page 142, Line 188-33.). Married Name: d'Eu (3950). AKA: Adélaïde, Comtesse de Troyes (3950). Born: circa 1025, daughter of Renaud = Rainald II, Count de Soissons (1949) and Adélaïde=Aélis de Roucy (1950) (_________, Personal Research. References with "FHL" numbers refer to the microfilm number availble from the Family Home Library

headquartered in Salt Lake City, with local branches. in no series (n.p.: n.pub., n.d.), Estimated date.). Married in 1058: Guillaume dit Busac, Count d'Eu(3949),, son of Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (2982) and Lezcéline d'Harcourt (3948) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Died: on 18 Sep 1066.

176. Ingelbert II8 van Peteghem (14380). Born: before 1025 at Belgium Ingelbert II is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Alard I was born. Married before 1042: Glismode N? (14381). Died: circa 1058.

177. Glismode8 N? (14381). Married Name: van Peteghem (14381). Born: before 1028. Married before 1042: Ingelbert II van Peteghem (14380).

184. Fastre8 d'Oisy (4077) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-31.). Note -: Fastre was an advocate of Doornick. AKA: Fastré I, Vicomte de Tournai (4077) Fastre was an Avoué of Tournai (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 1050 at Oisy, Tournais, Artois, France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1070: Adé=Ide d'Avesnes (4076),, daughter of Wadric, Seigneur d'Avesnes (4074) and N? N? (4075) (The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Idam, germanam Theoderic de Asvensis" as wife of "Fastredus") (Information posted on the Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#_ftn496.). Died: after 1098 Fastre was alive in the year 1098, although some sources claim he died in 1092 and others claim he died in 1093 (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.).

185. Adé=Ide8 d'Avesnes (4076) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-31.). Married Name: d'Oisy (4076). Born: in 1054 at Da Fearta, Ireland, daughter of Wadric, Seigneur d'Avesnes (4074) and N? N? (4075) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1070: Fastre d'Oisy (4077) (The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Idam, germanam Theoderic de Asvensis" as wife of "Fastredus") (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#_ftn496.).

188. Alard I8 van Peteghem (14403) (Paul Theroff, posts, 09 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). AKA: Alard I van Eine (14403). Born: before 1043 at Belgium, son of Ingelbert II van Peteghem (14380) and Glismode N? (14381). Married before 1065: N? N? (14404). Died: circa 1067.

189. N?8 N? (14404). Married before 1065: Alard I van Peteghem (14403),, son of Ingelbert II van Peteghem (14380) and Glismode N? (14381).

192. Simon I, Seigneur8 de Montfort (3191) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-29; Page 125, Line 168-31.). AKA: Simon I, Seigneurde Montfort-l'Amaury (3191). Born: circa 1026 at France, son of Amaury II, Seigneur de Montfort (3189) and Bertrade de Gometz (3190). Married circa 1055 at France: Isabeau de Broyes (3192),, daughter of Hughes dit Bardoul, Seigneur de Broyes (4008) and N? N? (4009) (Isabeau was Simon I's first wife. Isabeau's dowry brought the Châtellenie of Nogent to her husband, Simon I) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome III (Volume 3), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 277.). Married before 1060: Agnès d'Évreux (3193),, daughter of Richard, Comte d'Évreux (4409) and Adélaïde de Barcelone (4410) (Agnès was Simon I's fifth wife, and he was her third husband). Died: in 1087 Simon I is buried at Épernon, France.

193. Agnès8 d'Évreux (3193) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-31.). Married Name: de Montfort (3193). Born: circa 1030 at Évreux, Normandie, France, daughter of Richard, Comte d'Évreux (4409) and Adélaïde de Barcelone (4410). Married before 1060: Simon I, Seigneurde Montfort (3191),, son of Amaury II, Seigneur de Montfort (3189) and Bertrade de Gometz (3190) (Agnès was Simon I's fifth wife, and he was her thirdhusband).

194. Anseau8 de Garlande (4272) (Stuart, Page 91, Line 124-30.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 227.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:23 Hours.).

AKA: Anseau, Count de Rochefort (4272). AKA: Anseau, Seigneur de La Ferté-Alais (4272) After having been imprisoned by Hughes de Crécy, Anseauwas freed in 118 by King Louis Vi and was given the Seigneurie (Abbott, Page 104.). Occupation: Anseau was the Seneschal of France. Born: before 1095 at France, son of Guillaume I de Garlande (4270) and Hélisende N? (4271), Anseau is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the timehis daughter Agnès was born. Married before 1109: Lituise de Montlhéry (3412),, daughter of Guy II, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3410) and Élizabeth=Adélaïde de Crécy (3411).

195. Lituise8 de Montlhéry (3412) (André Roux: Scrolls, 182, 227.). AKA: Lithuise de Rochefort-en-Yvelines (3412). Married Name: de Garlande (3412). Born: before 1084 at France, daughter of Guy II, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3410) and Élizabeth=Adélaïde de Crécy (3411). Married before 1109: Anseau de Garlande (4272),, son of Guillaume I de Garlande (4270) and Hélisende N? (4271).

200. Robert, Seigneur8 de Beaumont-le-Roger (11575) (Paul Theroff, posts, 6 July 1994 at 23:10 Hours.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, van Houts, Elisabeth.: Chapter 6: "Wace as Historian", Page 119.). AKA: Robert, Seigneur de Vatteville (11575). AKA: Robert I, Count de Meulan-sur-Seine(11575). AKA: Robert, First Earl of Leicester (11575). AKA: Robert, Seigneur de Pont-Audemer (11575) (Abbott, Page 238.). AKA: Robert, Seigneur de Brionne (11575). Born: circa 1046 at Eure, Normandie, France, son of Roger, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (12851) and Adeline de Meulan-sur-Seine (12849). Married before 1094: Godehild de Tosny (17710),, daughter of Raoul III de Tosny (17927) and Isabel de Montfort (17928). Divorced Godehild de Tosny (17710): before 1095. Married in 1096: Élizabeth=Isabelle de Vermandois (8012),, daughter of Hughes, Count de Vermandois (1285) and Adèle, Countess de Vermandois (1286) (Robert was Élizabeth's first husband and she was his second wife). Divorced Élizabeth=Isabelle deVermandois (8012): in 1115. Died: on 5 Jun 1118.

201. Élizabeth=Isabelle8 de Vermandois (8012) (Stuart, Page 105, Line 143-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "Capet", posted on 30 January 1994 at 00:01 Hours.). AKA: Isabelle, Countess of Leicester (8012). Married Name: de Varennes (8012). Married Name: de Beaumont (8012). AKA: Isobel de Crépy(8012) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1086.html as of 1 November 1998.). Born: in 1081 at Normandie, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Vermandois (1285) and Adèle, Countess de Vermandois (1286). Married in 1096: Robert, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (11575),, son of Roger, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (12851) and Adeline de Meulan-sur-Seine (12849) (Robert was Élizabeth's first husband and she was his second wife). Divorced Robert, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (11575): in 1115. Married between 1116 and 1118: Guillaume II de Varennes (8011),, son of Guillaume I, Seigneur de Varennes (6830) and Gundred of Chester (6832). Died: on 13 Feb 1131 at Saint-Nicaise, Meulan, France.

202. Raoul, Seigneur8 de Montfort (18065) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Clare", 19 July 1995 at 16:13 Hours. citing Europaische Stammtafeln, Band III, Tafel 708 (1989).). AKA: Raoul II, Seigneur de Gaël (18065) Gaël is 42 km from Rennes in Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France (Abbott, Page 266.). AKA: Raoul, Seigneur de Breteuil (18065) (Abbott, Page 227.). Born: circa 1040 at Breteuil, Eure, Normandie, France, son of Raoul, Seigneur de Gaël (21594) and N? N? (21595), Raoul is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his daughter, Amicie, was born (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Kathy Gilliland [Prodigy ID# UZCN72A], under Subject "Raoul de Gael" in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", posted on 7 April 1998 at 21:09 Hours.). Note - in 1075: Raoul was the son in law of William Fitz Osbern, and was exiled after the 1075 rebellion (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees andRoots, van Houts, Elisabeth.: Chapter 6: "Wace as Historian", Page 123.). Married in 1075 at Exning, England: Emma FitzOsbern (18066),, daughter of Guillaume FitzOsbern (21440) and N? N? (21441) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Kathlyn Tolliver [Prodigy ID# MUVZ44A], posted under Subject "Waltheof II" in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldy" on 7 April 1998 at 22:25 Hours, citing Cokayne's "Peerage", Vol. 6, Page 638.). Died: in 1142 (Abbott, Page 227.).

203. Emma8 FitzOsbern (18066) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Clare", 19 July 1995 at 16:13 Hours. citing Europaische Stammtafeln, Band III, Tafel 708 (1989).) (Abbott, Page 227.). Married Name: de Montfort (18066). Born: circa 1059, daughter of Guillaume FitzOsbern (21440) and N? N? (21441) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Kathy Gilliland [Prodigy ID# UZCN72A], under Subject "Raoul de Gael" in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", posted on 7 April 1998 at 21:09 Hours.). Married in 1075 at Exning, England: Raoul, Seigneur de Montfort (18065),, son of Raoul, Seigneur de Gaël (21594) and N? N? (21595) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Kathlyn Tolliver [Prodigy ID# MUVZ44A], posted under Subject "Waltheof II" in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldy" on 7 April 1998 at 22:25 Hours, citing Cokayne's "Peerage", Vol. 6, Page 638.).

208. Hervé8 de Montmorency (3433) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184.). Occupation: Hervé was the Bouteiller de France. Born: before 1059 at Ile-de-France,France, son of Bouchard III, Seigneur de Montmorency (3431) and Adélise de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (3432), Hervé was alive in the year 1060. Married before 1085: Agnès d'Eu (3434),, daughter of Guillaume dit Busac, Count d'Eu (3949) and Adélaïde, Countess de Soissons (3950). Died: circa 1094.

209. Agnès8 d'Eu (3434) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184, 195.). AKA: Agnès de Soissons (3434). Married Name: de Montmorency (3434). Born: before 1066 at France, daughter of Guillaume dit Busac, Count d'Eu (3949) and Adélaïde, Countess de Soissons (3950). Married before 1085: Hervé de Montmorency (3433),, son of Bouchard III, Seigneur de Montmorency (3431) and Adélise de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (3432).

210. Yves II/III, Count8 de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4397) (André Roux: Scrolls, 239.) (Stuart, Page 199, Line 274-31.). AKA: Yves I, Seigneur de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4397) (Abbott, Page 31.). AKA: Yves I, Seigneur de Val d'Oise (4397) (Abbott, Pages 30 - 31.). AKA: Yves, Chambrier de France (4397). Born: circa 1044 at France, son of Yves I/II, Count de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4395) and Emma (--?--) (4396). Married before 1072: Judith N? (7894) (Judith was Yves II's first wife). Married before 1078: Adèle=Adélaïde de Gournay (4398),, daughter of Hughes, Count de Gournay (7895) and N? N? (7896) (Adèle was Yves II's second wife). Note - before 1083: Yves, the first Seigneur, was a vassal of Hughes Capet. He amassed lands in the district. His son assumed the title of Comte (Abbott, Pages 30 - 31.). Died: between 1083 and 1090 Yves II was alive in the year 1080 in Conflans-Saint-Honoré.

211. Adèle=Adélaïde8 de Gournay (4398) (Stuart, Page 199, Line 274-31.). Married Name: de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4398). Born: circa 1055, daughter of Hughes, Count de Gournay (7895) and N? N? (7896). Married before 1078: Yves II/III, Count de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4397),, son of Yves I/II, Count de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4395) and Emma (--?--) (4396) (Adèle was Yves II's second wife). Died: on 8 Apr 1099.

212. Guillaume, Duke8 de Normandie (2070) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 118, 231.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-30.) (Hallam, Page 74.) (Genealogy BB ofProdigy Svcs., by Robert Carver [ID# MNDY85D] "William the Conq." posted on 25 August 1995 at 21:32 Hours - citing "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle."). Also Known As: William "The Conqueror" (2070) (Abbott, Page 219.). AKA: William I, King of England (2070). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Bâtard" (2070). Born Illeg.: between 1027 and 1028 at Château de Falaise, Falaise, Normandie, France, -, son of Robert II, Count d'Exmes (2987) and Arlette de Mortain (2559), - Robert "Le Magnifique" was not with Arletta when the child was born. His name had been chosen long before, without regard to originality and it is uncertain whether he was born in late 1027 or very early 1028. Note - between 1035 and 1087: In his early years, William had to defend himself against the Angevin aggression (From Queen Constance widow of King Robert "Le Pieux"). As the illegitimate son of Robert "the Magnificent", William = Guillaume, who had succeeeded to Normandy in 1035, when still a minor, was in a precarious position in the duchy. In 1047, a powerful coallition of nobles massed against him and he sough royal support from King Henry I. Henry rescued him and defeated the rebels at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes with Guillaume fighting at his side. Then from 1048 until 1052 Guillaume and Henry made war on Geoffrey Martel of Anjou. In 1048, they captured Mouliherne and in 1049 Guillaume went into Maine while the King went into the Touraine. In 1049, Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre

promises his daughter to Guillaume. In 1052, King Henry switched his alliance from Normandy to Anjou. King Henry supported the rebellion of the Count of Arques against the Norman Duke in 1053. In 1054, the King, Geoffrey of Anjou and the king's brother Eudes marched into Normandy. Eudes de France was soundly beaten by Guillaume at Mortemer-sur-Eaulne. In 1058, King Henry I and Geoffroi Martel I again started an offensive against Normandy, but part of their army was cut-off and was massacred at Varaville. In 1060, when both of them had died, Guillaume of Normandy had ample opportunities to expand his territories which he used to considerable effect. While in 1063, some smaller feudal lords rebelled against Guillaume's iron-handed rule, this did not prevent him from acquiring Le Mans. On 5 January 1064, Harold sails to the continent, presumably to assure Guillaume that hewould succeed King Edward of England (if one is to believe the tapissery of Bayeux) -- the two being related by blood (Emma, mother of Edward the Confessor, is the great aunt of the Normand Chief). On 5 January 1066, King Edward of England falls gravely ill, and in spite of his sworn oath to Guillaume, duke de Normandie, Harold is crowned King of England. This action, of course cancels the plans for marrying Guillaume's daughter. Guillaume sought to assert his hereditary right and was supported by Pope Alexander II, as well as by the King of Denmark and the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1066, in record time, with the assistance of the Lords of Eu, d'Avranches, de Coutances, de Bayeux, d'Évreux and de Beaumont, Guillaumeassembles a fleet. On 12 September, the fleet is ready, but the winds do not become favorable until 27 September. Sailing North from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, Guillaume succeeds on 29 September 1066 on the Feast of Saint Michael, in landing between Eastbourne and Hastings. This is one accomplishment which even Napoleon and Hitler would be unable to replicate. The landing is celebrated with a feast (and it is clear from the tapestry of Bayeux that the art of the barbecue was not invented yesterday). On 14 October 1066, after failures of negotiations, the Battle of Hastings is engaged. Harold is mortally wounded by an arrow to the head, and the Anglo-Saxons flee in disarray. It is said that in 1066, Ealdred, Archbishop of York and the citizens of London wished to have Prince Edgar for King as was his right by birth and Edwin and Morcar had promised to fight for him. On 25 December 1066, Guillaume is annointed King in Westminster by the Archbishop of York, Ealdred. [Ealdred, Archbishop of York for 10 years less 15 weeks, died 11September 1067 and is buried in York, the seat of his Episcopal see]. He had himself crowned King of England in London. Guillaume had to fight against his son Robert Courtheuse, who was supported by King Philippe I of France. In 1076, Philippe I, King of France is able to break Guillaume's siege of Dol, and in 1077, a short-lived peace is arranged between the two kings. It was during military operations against Philip, the bastard died of wounds. He was also known as William the Conqueror - Only the irrational British mind could conceive of bestowing such an illustrious title on one of such questionable origin. Married in 1050 at France: Mathilde=Maud de Flandre (2069),, daughter of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278) (In 1049, Baudouin V offers his daughter's hand in marriage to Guillaume, Duke de Normandie. French history texts uniformly indicate that the headstrong Flemish woman would have nothing to do with a bastard. Guillaume is said to have galoped all the way to Lille, enterred Mathilde's room, and tamed her by beating her with his stirrups, tearing her robe to shreds in the process. After that, Mathilde is said to have enthusiastically consented to become the Duchess of Normandy. Mathilde and William were devoted to each other, and there is no evidence to suggest that William had any mistress according to Debrett's "Kings and Queens of Great Britain", no illegitimate children have ever been convincingly shown. The marriage was approved by the Pope in the year 1059). Died: on 9 Sep 1087 at Abbaye aux Hommes, Rouen, Saint-Gervais, Normandie, France, Guillaume is buried at the Abbey of Saint-Étienne in Caen, France in accordance with his wishes.

213. Mathilde=Maud8 de Flandre (2069) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 149, 231.) (Stuart, Pages 103, Line 141-31.). Married Name: de Normandie (2069).AKA: Matilda, Queen of England (2069). AKA: Maud, Duchesse de Normandie (2069). Born: in 1032 at Flandre, Belgium, daughter of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278), While many French history texts seem fond of claiming that it was after this Mathilde that the famous tapissery of Bayeux is named, more respectable encyclopedic sources (including Larousse) indicate this is an error. Married in1050 at France: Guillaume, Duke de Normandie (2070),, son of Robert II, Count d'Exmes (2987) and Arlette de Mortain (2559) (In 1049, Baudouin V offers his daughter's hand in marriage to Guillaume, Duke de Normandie. French history texts uniformly indicate that the headstrong Flemish woman would have nothing to do with a bastard. Guillaume is said to have galoped all the way to Lille, enterred Mathilde's room, and tamed her by beating her with his stirrups, tearing her robe to shreds in the process. After that, Mathilde is said to have enthusiastically consented to become the Duchess of Normandy. Mathilde and William were devoted to each other, and there is no evidence to suggest that William had any mistress according to Debrett's "Kings and Queens of Great Britain", no illegitimate children have ever been convincingly shown. The marriage was approved by the Pope in the year 1059). Died: on 3 Nov 1083 at Caen, Calvados, Normandie, France.

216. Baudouin II, Count8 de Hainaut (2074) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 253.) (Stuart, Page 54, Line 73-31.) (Abbott, Pages 292, 559.). AKA: Baudouin,Count de Jérusalem (2074) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 253.). Born: circa 1056, son of Baudouin VI de Flandre (2019) and Rothilde=Richilde, Comtessede Hainaut (2017). Note - in 1070: Baudouin II was ignored in the succession to Flanders by his uncle, who succeeded Arnoul III. Married in 1084: Alix=Ide de Louvain (2075),, daughter of Henri II, Count de Louvain (4184) and Adèle=Alix de Turinge (4185). Died: after 8 Jun 1098 at Holy Land Baudouin II died while on the First Crusade.

217. Alix=Ide8 de Louvain (2075) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 101, Line 138-31.). Born: circa 1065 at Louvain, Louvain, Brabant, Belgium, daughter of Henri II, Count de Louvain (4184) and Adèle=Alix de Turinge (4185), Louvain the French version for the city known as Leeuven in Flemish. Married in 1084: Baudouin II, Count de Hainaut (2074),, son of Baudouin VI de Flandre (2019) and Rothilde=Richilde, Comtesse de Hainaut (2017). Died: in 1139 Ide was a widow by the year 1107.

218. Gérard, Count8 von Wassenburg (2078) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Stuart, Page 87, Line 119-31.). AKA: Gérard, Count de Gueldre (2078). AKA: Gérard I, Count von Geldern (2078). AKA: Gérard I Flaminius (2078). Born: circa 1053, son of Dietrich Heinrich, Count de Velue (7941) and N? N? (7942). Note - in 1085: Gérard built the Castle of Wassenburg, between the Rhine and the Meuse in the year 1085. Married circa 1087: Clémence, Comtesse de Longwy (4001),, daughter of Guillaume V, Comte de Poitou (3999) and Ermesinde de Longwy (4000). Died: in 1125.

219. Clémence, Comtesse8 de Longwy (4001) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 3, Line 3-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). Married Name: de Luxembourg (4001). AKA: Clémence de Poitou (4001). Married Name: de Wassemberge (4001). AKA: Clémence d'Aquitaine (4001). Born: before 1040 at Lorraine, France, daughter of Guillaume V, Comte de Poitou (3999) and Ermesinde de Longwy (4000), Clémence is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Mathilde was born. Note - in 1058: Clémence was the heiress of Longwy and of Blieskastel. Married circa 1070: Conrad I, Count de Luxembourg (3998),, son of Gilbert I, Count de Luxembourg (3996) and N? N? (3997). Married circa 1087: Gérard, Count von Wassenburg (2078),, son of Dietrich Heinrich, Count de Velue (7941) and N? N? (7942). Died: in 1142 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

220. Albert III, Count8 de Namur (1986) (André Roux: Scrolls, 113, 197.) (Stuart, Page 88, Line 120-32.). Born: circa 1030 at Belgium, son of Albert II, Count de Namur (3963) and Relinde de Lorraine (3966). Married between 1065 and 1066: Ide=Relinde de Saxe (1984),, daughter of Bernard II, Duke de Saxe (1982) and Bertrade, Princess of Norway (1983) (Albert III was Ide's second husband). PaterAlter before 1083 Albert III, Count de Namur (1986)/Ide de Namur (3967) (an unknown value). Died: in 1102.

221. Ide=Relinde8 de Saxe (1984) (André Roux: Scrolls, 113, 197.) (Stuart, Page 151, Line 204-33.). AKA: Ide de Laroche (1984) Ide was the heiress of Laroche. Married Name: de Namur (1984). MaterAlter: Elica von Schweinfürt (8180)/Ide=Relinde de Saxe (1984). Born: before 1052, daughter of Bernard II, Duke de Saxe (1982) and Bertrade, Princess of Norway (1983), Ide is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Godefroy was born. Some sources indicate that Elica von Scheinfurt was Ide's mother. Married before 1064: Frédéric II, Duke de Lorraine (1985),, son of Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg (2067) and Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg (2068) (He was Ide's first husband). Married between 1065 and 1066: Albert III, Count de Namur (1986),, son of Albert II, Count de Namur (3963) and Relinde de Lorraine (3966) (Albert III was Ide's second husband). MaterAlter: before 1083 Ide de Namur (3967)/Ide=Relinde de Saxe (1984). Died: on 31 Jul 1102.

222. Conrad I, Count8 de Luxembourg (3998) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 3, Line 3-31.). Born: circa 1040 at Franche-Comté, France, sonof Gilbert I, Count de Luxembourg (3996) and N? N? (3997). Occupation: between 1059 and 1086 Conrad I was Comte de Luxembourg during this period (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married circa 1070: Clémence, Comtesse de Longwy (4001),, daughter of Guillaume V, Comte de Poitou (3999) and Ermesinde de Longwy (4000). Died: in 1086.

223. Clémence, Comtesse8 de Longwy (4001) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 3, Line 3-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). Married Name: de Luxembourg (4001). AKA: Clémence de Poitou (4001). Married Name: de Wassemberge (4001). AKA: Clémence d'Aquitaine (4001). Born: before 1040 at Lorraine, France, daughter of Guillaume V, Comte de Poitou (3999) and Ermesinde de Longwy (4000), Clémence is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Mathilde was born. Note - in 1058: Clémence was the heiress of Longwy and of Blieskastel. Married circa 1070: Conrad I, Count de Luxembourg (3998),, son of Gilbert I, Count de Luxembourg (3996) and N? N?

(3997). Married circa 1087: Gérard, Count von Wassenburg (2078),, son of Dietrich Heinrich, Count de Velue (7941) and N? N? (7942). Died: in 1142 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

224. Eudes I Borel, Duke8 de Bourgogne (1306) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 123.) (Castelot, Tome 2, Page 490.) (Abbott, Page 199.). Born: in 1058 at France, son of Henri de Bourgogne (1302) and Sybille, Countess de Bourgogne (1303). Married in 1080 at France: Mathilde=Sybille, Dame de Bourgogne (1307),, daughter of Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Note - in 1102: Eudes went on the crusades in 1102, after he founded the Abbey at Citeaux. Died: on 23 Mar 1103 at Tarsus, Cilicia, Asia Minor (Stuart, Page 182.).

225. Mathilde=Sybille, Dame8 de Bourgogne (1307) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 123.). Born: in 1065 at France, daughter of Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Married in 1080 at France: Eudes I Borel, Duke de Bourgogne (1306),, son of Henri de Bourgogne (1302) and Sybille, Countess de Bourgogne (1303). Died: after 1103 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Roxanne Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] under Subject "House of Burgundy", 5 November 1997 at 00:45 Hours.).

226. Boson I, Vicomte8 de Turenne (2424) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 125.) (Abbott, Page 438.). Born: circa 1050 at Guyenne, France, son of Guillaume, Vicomte de Turenne (2422) and Mathilde N? (2423) (Stuart, Page 114.). Married before 1074 at France: Gerberge de Terrasson (2425),, daughter of Pierre, Comtor de Terrasson (2426) and N? N? (2427) (Gerberge was Boson I's second wife). Died: in 1091 at Jérusalem, Holy Land, Boson left for the Holy Land in 1076 on a pilgrimage.

227. Gerberge8 de Terrasson (2425) (André Roux: Scrolls, 125.). Married Name: de Turenne (2425). Born: circa 1055 at Terrasson, Guyenne, France, daughter of Pierre, Comtor de Terrasson (2426) and N? N? (2427). Married before 1074 at France: Boson I, Vicomte de Turenne (2424),, son of Guillaume, Vicomte de Turenne (2422) and Mathilde N? (2423) (Gerberge was Boson I's second wife). Died: in 1103 at France.

228. Étienne dit Henri, Count8 de Champagne (2192) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121, 149.) (Stuart, Page 98, Line 133-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:50 Hours.). AKA: Étienne, Count de Chartres (2192). AKA: Étienne, Count de Meaux (2192). AKA: Étienne, Count de Brie (2192). AKA: Étienne III, Count de Blois (2192). Born: circa 1046, son of Thibaud III, Count de Blois (2185) and Gersende, Comtesse du Maine (4403), Étienne's maternal parentage is in dispute with some sources indicating he was the son of Gundrada [Thibaut III's second wife] rather than Gersende [Thibaut III's first wife.]. MaterAlter: in 1046 Gundrada N? (7442)/Étienne dit Henri, Count de Champagne (2192). Married before 1073 at Chartres, Eure-et-Loir, Orléanais, France: Alix=Adèle de Normandie (2193),, daughter of Guillaume, Duke de Normandie (2070) and Mathilde=Maud de Flandre (2069) (Some sources indicate that Étienne and Alix were married in 1081. Alix appears to have controlled her husband (Étienne-Henri, Count de Blois and Meaux). When he went on a crusade in 1096, she was made his Regent. Although he returned fairly quickly, she sent him back again and he died overseas in 1102). Died: on 27 May 1102 at Ramleh, Holy Land, Slain at he Battle of Ramleh in 1102, Étienne (Henri) was also Count de Champagne and of Blois, Chartres and of Meaux. He participated in the Crusade in 1096, and through the urging of his wife (Adèle, daughter of William the Conqueror - a bastard), he went back and was killed overseas in 1102, leaving his younger son, Thibaud II to become the next Count.

229. Alix=Adèle8 de Normandie (2193) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121, 149, 231.) (Stuart, Page 58, Line 81-30.). Married Name: de Blois (2193). Married Name: de Champagne (2193). AKA: Adela, Princess of England (2193). Born: between 1050 and 1051 at France, daughter of Guillaume, Duke de Normandie (2070) and Mathilde=Maud de Flandre (2069). Married before 1073 at Chartres, Eure-et-Loir, Orléanais, France: Étienne dit Henri, Count deChampagne (2192),, son of Thibaud III, Count de Blois (2185) and Gersende, Comtesse du Maine (4403) (Some sources indicate that Étienne and Alix were married in 1081. Alix appears to have controlled her husband (Étienne-Henri, Count de Blois and Meaux). When he went on a crusade in 1096, she was made his Regent. Although he returned fairly quickly, she sent him back again and he died overseas in 1102). Died: on 8 Mar 1138 at Marcigny-sur-Loire, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, Alix died a Nun at the Abbey of Marcigny.

230. Engilbert III, Duke8 de Carinthie (2202) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121.) (Stuart, Page 167, Line 228-31.). AKA: Engelbert III, Governor de Saint-Paul (2202). AKA: Engelbert III, Count von Ortenburg (2202). AKA: Engelbert II, Margrave of Istria (2202). AKA: Engilbert III, Marquis de Friuli (2202). AKA:Engelbert II von Sponheim (2202) (Stuart, Page 167, Line 228-31.). AKA: Egelbert II, Lord de Marquardstein (2202). Born: before 1093, son of Engelbert I, Count von Sponheim (7029) and Hedwig von Flinsbach (7030), Engilbert III is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Mahaud was born. Married before 1105: Uta, Lady von Passau (2203),, daughter of Ulrich The Rich, Count von Passau (7027) and Adelheid von Fratenhausen (7028). Died: in 1141 at Sean Engilbert III died a monk at Sean.

231. Uta, Lady8 von Passau (2203) (Stuart, Page 94, Line 128-31.). Married Name: de Carinthie (2203). Born: before 1093, daughter of Ulrich The Rich, Count von Passau (7027) and Adelheid von Fratenhausen (7028), Uta is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughterMahaud was born. Married before 1105: Engilbert III, Duke de Carinthie (2202),, son of Engelbert I, Count von Sponheim (7029) and Hedwig von Flinsbach (7030). Died: in 1140 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

232. Guigues VIII, Count8 d'Albon (2464) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.). AKA: Guigues VI, Dauphin du Viennois (2464). AKA: Guigues III, Count de Grenoble (2464) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24280, 7 December 2008.). AKA: Guigues III, Comte du Dauphiné (2464) (Abbott, Page 581.). Born: in 1068 at France, son of Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462) and Pétronille = Adélaïs de Royans (2463) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24280, 7 December 2008.). Married before 1095: Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465),, daughter of Edgar Aetheling, King of England (2466) and N. of Carlyle (2467) (Mahaut was Guigues VIII's second wife. E.S. indicates that Guigues VIII's wife was possibly the daughter of Roger I, Comte de Sicile and de Pouille by Adelaïde di Savona). Died: on 21 Dec 1125.

233. Mahaut=Mathilda8 Aetheling (2465) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.). Married Name: d'Albon (2465). Born: in 1071 atEngland, daughter of Edgar Aetheling, King of England (2466) and N. of Carlyle (2467), Both André Roux and Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" [Line 196-32, Page 147] show Mathilde as probably a daughter of Edward "The Exile". However, Stuart indicates that E.S. III:738 shows Mathilde as daughterof Roger I, Comte de Sicile and Duke de Pouille [Apulia] by Adelaïde of Savona but indicates that parentage to be unproven. If E.S. is correct, then some of the dates, either birth or marriage shown here are prrobably erroneous. MaterAlter: circa 1075 Adélaïde de Savona (13512)/Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465). PaterAlter circa 1075 Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465)/Roger I, Count de Sicile (2504) (an unknown value). Married before 1095: Guigues VIII, Count d'Albon (2464),, son of Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462) and Pétronille = Adélaïs de Royans (2463) (Mahaut was Guigues VIII's

second wife. E.S. indicates that Guigues VIII's wife was possibly the daughter of Roger I, Comte de Sicile and de Pouille by Adelaïde di Savona). Died: in 1131 at France.

234. Étienne I, Count8 de Bourgogne (2400) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.) (Stuart, Page 141, Line 187-31.). AKA: Étienne, Count de Mâcon (2400) (Abbott, Page 213.). AKA: Stephen, Count de Vienne (2400). Also Known As: Étienne "Tête Hardi" (2400) (Abbott, Page 506.). Born: before 1077, sonof Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393), Étienne I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time hisson Guillaume was born. Married circa 1090 at France: Béatrix de Lorraine (2401),, daughter of Gérard=Gerhard III, Duke de Lorraine (6690) and N? N? (6691). Died: on 27 May 1102 at Rama, Palestine, Holy Land, Stephen (=Étienne) was a crusader and was killed in the First Crusade.

235. Béatrix8 de Lorraine (2401) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (2401). Born: before 1077, daughter of Gérard=Gerhard III, Duke de Lorraine (6690) and N? N? (6691), Béatrix is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Guillaume was born. Married circa 1090 at France: Étienne I, Count de Bourgogne (2400),, son of Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Died: after 1112.

236. Rainier III, Margrave8 de Montferrat (10324) (Paul Theroff, posts, 27 July 1994 at 13:58 Hours.). Born: before 1099 at France, son of Guillaume III de Montferrat (17034) and Otta di Agledo (17035), Rainier is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Giovanna was born. Occupation: in 1111 Rainier became Margrave de Montferrat in 1111. Married before 1117: Gisle=Gisèle, Countess de Bourgogne (2118),, daughter of Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393) (Rainier was Gisèle's second husband). Died: circa 1137.

237. Gisle=Gisèle, Countess8 de Bourgogne (2118) (André Roux: Scrolls, 119, 123.) (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 27 July 1994 at 13:58 Hours.). Married Name: de Savoie (2118). Married Name: de Montferrat (2118). Born: circa 1070, daughter of Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392) and Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Married in 1090 at France: Humbert II, Comte de Savoie (2117),, son of Amédie=Amédé II, Count de Maurienne (1766) and Jeanne=Johanna de Genève (1767). Married before 1117: Rainier III, Margrave de Montferrat (10324),, son of Guillaume III de Montferrat (17034) and Otta di Agledo (17035) (Rainier was Gisèle's second husband). Died: after 1133 (Stuart, Page 71.).

238. Léopold III, Margrave of8 Austria (11562) (Augé, Tome II, Page 41.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Leopold III, Margrave von Ostmark (11562) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). AKA: Saint Léopold (11562) Léopold was canonized in 1484. Born: in 1073at Austria, son of Leopold II, Margrave of Austria (7387) and Ida=Ita de Cham (7388) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Note - between 1096 and 1136: Léopold III was Margrave of Austria from 1096 to 1136. He founded the Abbey of Kloskeneubourg. Married before 1104: N? von Perg (25110) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 1106: Agnès de Franconia (8209),, daughter of Henry IV, Emperor of the West (7008) and Berthe de Maurienne (7007) (Léopold III was Agnès' second husband). Died: on 15 Nov 1136 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

239. Agnès8 de Franconia (8209) (Stuart, Page 251, Line 359-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "Emperor Konrad", posted on 06 August 1995 at 21:38 Hours.). AKA: Agnès, Princess of Germany (8209). AKA: Agnès de Carinthie (8209). Married Name: Austria (8209). AKA: Agnes de Saxe (8209). Married Name: von Hohenstaufen (8209). Born: between 1074 and 1075 at Carinthia, Austria, daughter of Henry IV, Emperor of the West (7008) and Berthe de Maurienne (7007). Married in 1089: Frédérick I, Count von Hohenstaufen (8208),, son of Frédérick, Lord von Buren (8211) and Hildegarde de Bar-Mousson (8212) (Frédérick I was Agnès' first husband). Married in 1106: Léopold III, Margrave of Austria (11562),, son of Leopold II, Margrave of Austria (7387) and Ida=Ita de Cham (7388) (Léopold III was Agnès' second husband). Died: on 24 Sep 1143 Agnès is buried at Kloster Neuburg. Agnès was the last of the Salic House.

240. Rostaing, Seigneur8 de Sabran (7821) (Stuart, Page 86, Line 116-31.). Born: circa 1090, son of Guillaume de Sabran (7838) and N? N? (7839). Married before 1115: Constance Amic (7822),, daughter of Giraud, Seigneur de Vedène (7823) and Ayelmna=Ayalmus N? (7824) (Constance was Rostaing's first wife). Married before 1184: Roçie Cayler (7835),, daughter of Raimond Cayler (7836) and N? N? (7837) (Roçie was Rostaing's second wife). Died: in 1184.

241. Constance8 Amic (7822) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 194-31.). Married Name: de Sabran (7822). Born: before 1100, daughter of Giraud, Seigneur de Vedène (7823) and Ayelmna=Ayalmus N? (7824), Constance is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Guillaume was born. Married before 1115: Rostaing, Seigneur de Sabran (7821),, son of Guillaume de Sabran (7838) and N? N? (7839) (Constance was Rostaing's first wife). Died: in 1136.

244. Brémond, Seigneur8 d'Uzès (7846) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-31.). AKA: Bermond, Seigneur de Posquières (7846) Abbott claims Bermond inherited Posquières from his mother, and chared with his brother Rostaing II (Abbott, Page 398.). MaterAlter: before 1100 Marie d'Uzès (14420)/Brémond, Seigneur d'Uzès (7846). PaterAlter before 1100 Brémond, Seigneur d'Uzès (7846)/Raimond Décan de Posquières (14419) (an unknown value). Born: before 1100 at France, son of Raimond, Seigneur de Posquières (7848) and N. d'Uzès (7849), Brémond is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Raimond was born. Stuart shows Brémond as the son of Raymond de Poosquières & Avignon by N? d'Uzès, daughter of Éléazer. Abbott shows Bermond as son of Raymond Décan [son of Éléazer d'Uzès] by Marie, Dame de Posquières. Married before1114: N? N? (7847). Note - in 1151: Brémond did homage for Saye to the Bishop of Avignon in 1151. Died: after 1168 According to Stuart, Brémond was alive in the year 1168. According to Abbott, Bermond de Posquières, son of Raymond Décan by Marie, Dame de Posquières, became Seigneur in 1168 and died circa 1174.

245. N?8 N? (7847). Married before 1114: Brémond, Seigneur d'Uzès (7846),, son of Raimond, Seigneur de Posquières (7848) and N. d'Uzès (7849).

246. Éléazer, Seigneur8 d'Uzès (7850) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-32.). Born: before 1070 at Uzès, Languedoc, France Éléazer is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter was born. Married before 1085: N? N? (7851). Died: in 1125 Éléazer=Elzéar was Seigneur d'Uzès from 1080 to 1125 (Abbott, Page 398.).

247. N?8 N? (7851). Married before 1085: Éléazer, Seigneur d'Uzès (7850).

248. Guillaume V, Count8 de Forcalquier (2971) (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-31.) (Abbott, Page 613.). AKA: Guillaume III, Marquis de Provence (2971) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-31.). AKA: Guillaume III, Count d'Avignon (2971). AKA: Guillaume, Count d'Embrun (2971). AKA: Guillaume V, Count de Gap (2971). Born: between 1081 and 1092 at Forcalquier, Alpes de Haute Provence, Provence, France, son of Ermengaud IV, Count d'Urgel (2970) and Adélaïde, Comtesse de Forcalquier (2969). Married before 1110: Garsende d'Albon (2972),, daughter of Guigues VIII, Count d'Albon (2464) and Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465). Died: in Oct 1129 at Avignon, Avignon, Provence, France, André Roux shows Guillaume V as dying circa 1139.

249. Garsende8 d'Albon (2972) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-31.). Married Name: de Forcalquier (2972). Born: before 1095, daughter of Guigues VIII, Count d'Albon (2464) and Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465), Garsende is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son BertrandII was born. Married before 1110: Guillaume V, Count de Forcalquier (2971),, son of Ermengaud IV, Count d'Urgel (2970) and Adélaïde, Comtesse de Forcalquier (2969). Died: after 1160 Garsende was alive in the years 1152, 1158 and 1160.

250. Arnaud I8 de Flotte (3088) (André Roux: Scrolls, 160.) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-30.). AKA: Arnaud, Seigneur de Ravel (3088). Born: before 1100 at Auvergne, France, son of Henri de Flotte (3086) and N? N? (3087), Arnaud I was alive in the year 1146 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Jocerane was born. Married before 1115: Adélaïs de Comps (3089). Died: after 1178.

251. Adélaïs8 de Comps (3089) (André Roux: Scrolls, 160.). Married Name: de Flotte (3089). Born: before 1100 at Dauphiné, France Adélaïs is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Jocerane was born. Married before 1115: Arnaud I de Flotte (3088),, son of Henri de Flotte (3086) and N? N? (3087).

--- 9th Generation ---

256. Renaud9 N? (6748) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). Born: before 985 at France Renaud is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Hugh was born. Married before 1000: N? N? (6749). Died: after 1047 Renaud was alive in the year 1047.

257. N?9 N? (6749). Married before 1000: Renaud N? (6748).

260. Baudouin I, Count9 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6752) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-30.). Born: before 985 at France Baudouin I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Baudouin II was born. Married before 1000: N? N? (6753).

261. N?9 N? (6753). Married before 1000: Baudouin I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (6752).

264. Hildouin II, Count9 de Montdidier (3974) (André Roux: Scrolls, 198.) (Stuart, Page 195, Line 266-33.). AKA: Hilduin d'Arcis-sur-Aube (3974) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/genfiles/coucy_a.txt, on 23 April 1996 at 13:58 Hours.). Born: circa 950 at Montdidier, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Hildouin=Helpuin I, Count de Montdidier (3972) and Hélissende=Hersinde, Countess d'Arcis-sur-Aube (3973). Married before 979: N? de Dammartin (3975). Died: in 992 at Jérusalem, Palestine, Holy Land, Hildouin II died while on a pilgrimage.

265. N?9 de Dammartin (3975) (André Roux: Scrolls, 198.). Married Name: de Montdidier (3975). Born: before 972 at France She is presumed to havebeen at least 20 years of age by the time her husband, Hildouin II died. Married before 979: Hildouin II, Count de Montdidier (3974),, son of Hildouin=Helpuin I, Count de Montdidier (3972) and Hélissende=Hersinde, Countess d'Arcis-sur-Aube (3973).

268. Gervais, Count9 de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599) (André Roux: Scrolls, 135.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 170-33.). AKA: Gervais, Comte de Roucy (2599). AKA: Giselbert, Vidâme de Reims (2599). Born: circa 956 at France, son of Renaud, Count de Reims (3827) and Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine(2598). Married before 985 at France: N. de Poitiers (2600). Died: circa 995 at Reims, Marne, France. Buried: before 1000 at Abbey de Saint-Rémi, Reims, Marne, France. PaterAlter before 1040 Gervais, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599)/Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6897) (an unknown value).

269. N.9 de Poitiers (2600) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 170-33.). Married Name: de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2600). Born: before 970 She is presumed to havebeen at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Judith was born. Married before 985 at France: Gervais, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599),, son of Renaud, Count de Reims (3827) and Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine (2598). MaterAlter: before 1040 Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6897)/N. de Poitiers (2600).

270. Raynier V, Count9 de Hainaut (1269) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 115.) (Stuart, Page 101, Line 139-34.) (Abbott, Page 558.). Born: circa 950, son ofRaynier IV, Count de Hainaut (4564) and Alix d'Alsace (4565), Some sources show this Raynier as Raynier IV. Married circa 996 at France: Hadwige Capet, Princesse de France (1268),, daughter of Hughes II, King de France (784) and Adélaïde de Poitiers (785). Died: in 1013.

271. Hadwige Capet, Princesse9 de France (1268) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 115.) (Stuart, Page 119, Line 163-33.). Married Name: de Hainaut (1268).Born: between 0970 and 0986, daughter of Hughes II, King de France (784) and Adélaïde de Poitiers (785), Hadwige is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Raynier V. Some sources indicate she was born in 969, which was before her parents were married. Married circa 996 at France: Raynier V, Count de Hainaut (1269),, son of Raynier IV, Count de Hainaut (4564) and Alix d'Alsace (4565). Died: after 1013 Hadwige=Hegdig was alive in the year 1013.

272. Richwin=Richuris, Count9 de Scarpone (7443) (Stuart, Page 109, Line 149-32.). Born: before 1004, son of Louis I de Mousson (7450) and N? N? (7451), Richwin was alive in the year 1019, and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Louis II was born. Married before1019: Hildegarde von Egisheim (7444),, daughter of Hughes IV/VI, Count von Egisheim (7445) and Heilwig von Dagsburg (7446). Died: after 1028 Richwin was alive in the year 1028.

273. Hildegarde9 von Egisheim (7444) (Stuart, Page 109, Line 149-32.). Married Name: de Scarpone (7444). Born: before 1004, daughter of Hughes IV/VI, Count von Egisheim (7445) and Heilwig von Dagsburg (7446), Hildegarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Louis II was born. Married before 1019: Richwin=Richuris, Count de Scarpone (7443),, son of Louis I de Mousson (7450) and N? N? (7451).

274. Frédéric II, Duke9 de Lorraine (4012) (André Roux: Scrolls, 205.) (Stuart, Page 183, Line 247-32.). Born: in 995, son of Dietrich I, Duke de Lorraine (7356) and Richilde de Metz (7357) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married between 1012 and 1013: Mathilde de Souabe (4013),, daughter of Hermann II, Duke de Souabe (7454) and Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne (7455). Died: between 1026 and 1033 According to E.S. [via Paul Theroff] Frédérick II died between 1026 and 1027, but Abbott lists him as dying in 1053. AKA: Frédéric II, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (4012) (Abbott, Page 545.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

275. Mathilde9 de Souabe (4013) (André Roux: Scrolls, 205.) (Stuart, Page 183, Line 247-32.). Married Name: de Lorraine (4013). Born: circa 988 at Swabia, daughter of Hermann II, Duke de Souabe (7454) and Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne (7455). Married between 1012 and 1013: Frédéric II, Duke de Lorraine (4012),, son of Dietrich I, Duke de Lorraine (7356) and Richilde de Metz (7357). Died: between 1031 and 1044.

276. Renaud I, Comte9 de Bourgogne (2032) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Abbott, Pages 504 - 505.). AKA: Raymond de Mâcon (2032) (Abbott, Page 213.). Born: in 990 at France, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033),, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Died: on 3 Sep 1057 at France.

277. Adélise=Judith9 de Normandie (2033) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (2033). Born: circa 1002 at Normandie, France, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032),, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Died: after 1 Jul 1037 (Stuart, Page 135.).

278. Raymond II, Count9 de Barcelone (2394) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Born: before 1020 at Spain Raymond II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Sancha de Navarre (2395).

279. Sancha9 de Navarre (2395) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Barcelone (2395). Born: before 1020 at Spain Sanche=Sancha is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394).

280. Gérard III, Count9 d'Alsace (3213) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169, 193.) (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-33.). AKA: Gérard, Marquis de Lorraine (3213). AKA: Gérard, Count de Lorraine (3213). AKA: Gérard, Duke de Lorraine (3213) Gérard was Duke of Upper Lorraine. AKA: Gerhard, Count de Metz (3213). Born: before 985, son of Adalbert II, Duke de Lorraine (3211) and Judith=Jutta N? (3212), Gérard is presumed to have been at least 15 years ofage by the time his son Adalbert III was born. Married before 1000: Gisèle de Metz (3214) (Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" cites the marriage as before 979, but he also cites the marriage of Adalbert II and his wife Judith, parents of Gérard, as before 979). Died: in 1045.

281. Gisèle9 de Metz (3214) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169, 193.) (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-33.). Married Name: d'Alsace (3214). Born: before 985 Gisèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Adalbert III was born. Married before 1000: Gérard III, Count d'Alsace (3213),, son of Adalbert II, Duke de Lorraine (3211) and Judith=Jutta N? (3212) (Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" cites the marriage as before979, but he also cites the marriage of Adalbert II and his wife Judith, parents of Gérard, as before 979).

282. Albert=Adalbert I, Count9 de Namur (3823) (André Roux: Scrolls, 193, 197, 217.) (Stuart, Page 274, Line 403-35.). Born: before 980 at Belgium, son of Ratbode=Robert I, Count de Namur (3961) and Ermengarde de Lorraine (3962), Albert I is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Ermengarde. Married in 990: Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude de Lorraine (3822),, daughter of Charles, Prince de France (3717) and Bonne=Adélaïde d'Ardenne (3728). Died: in 1010.

283. Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude9 de Lorraine (3822) (André Roux: Scrolls, 193, 197, 217.) (Stuart, Page 88, Line 120-34.). Born: between 0970 and 0975, daughter of Charles, Prince de France (3717) and Bonne=Adélaïde d'Ardenne (3728). Married in 990: Albert=Adalbert I, Count de Namur (3823),, son of Ratbode=Robert I, Count de Namur (3961) and Ermengarde de Lorraine (3962). Died: in 1019.

284. Gerhard II, Count9 d'Alsace (6993) (Stuart, Page 182, Line 246-32.). Born: before 986, son of Hughes V, Count d'Alsace (6995) and N? N? (6996).Married before 1038: Berthe=Berta N? (6994). Died: in 1038.

285. Berthe=Berta9 N? (6994) (Stuart, Page 182, Line 246-32.). Married Name: d'Alsace (6994). Born: before 1023 Berthe is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Gerhard III was born. Berthe was a niece of King Rudolph of Burgundy. Married before 1038: Gerhard II, Count d'Alsace (6993),, son of Hughes V, Count d'Alsace (6995) and N? N? (6996).

286. Frédéric II, Duke9 de Lorraine (4012) (André Roux: Scrolls, 205.) (Stuart, Page 183, Line 247-32.). Born: in 995, son of Dietrich I, Duke de Lorraine (7356) and Richilde de Metz (7357) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married between 1012 and 1013: Mathilde de Souabe (4013),, daughter of Hermann II, Duke de Souabe (7454) and Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne (7455). Died: between 1026 and 1033 According to E.S. [via Paul Theroff] Frédérick II died between 1026 and 1027, but Abbott lists him as dying in 1053. AKA: Frédéric II, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (4012) (Abbott, Page 545.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

287. Mathilde9 de Souabe (4013) (André Roux: Scrolls, 205.) (Stuart, Page 183, Line 247-32.). Married Name: de Lorraine (4013). Born: circa 988 at Swabia, daughter of Hermann II, Duke de Souabe (7454) and Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne (7455). Married between 1012 and 1013: Frédéric II,

Duke de Lorraine (4012),, son of Dietrich I, Duke de Lorraine (7356) and Richilde de Metz (7357). Died: between 1031 and 1044.

288. Évrard, Seigneur9 de Breteuil (20660) (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.) (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.). Born: before 1028 at France, son of Gelduin, Comte de Breteuil (20663) and Ermentrude, Dame de Chartres (20664), Évrard is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Évrard II, was born. Married before 1044: Humberge, Dame du Puiset (20661). Died: circa 1064 (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.).

289. Humberge, Dame9 du Puiset (20661) (Abbott, Page 95.). Married Name: de Breteuil (20661). Born: before 1030 at Puiset, Eure-et-Loire, Orléanais, France Humberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Évrard II, was born. After Humberge, the succeeding Seigneurs du Puiset were the Vicomtes de Chartres who dominated Grande Bauce (Abbott, Page 105.). Married before 1044: Évrard, Seigneur de Breteuil (20660),, son of Gelduin, Comte de Breteuil (20663) and Ermentrude, Dame de Chartres (20664).

296. Dreux, Seigneur9 de Boves (3130) (André Roux: Scrolls, 165.) (Stuart, Page 22, Line 37-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Dreux de Parpiriaco (3130) Parpiriaco = Parpes (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 181.). Born: before 1019 at Somme, Picardie, France, son of Hughes, Seigneur de Boves (6892) and N? N? (6893), Dreux is presumed to have been at least 16 years of age by the time he married Adèle. AKA: Dreux de Coucy (3130) by rights of marriage with Adèle. Married in 1035 at Ardennes, France: Adèle de Coucy (3131),, daughter of Aubri, Seigneur de Coucy (6890) and Mathilde N? (6891). Died: after 1059 Dreux is mentioned in a Charter of 1042 for a donation he made to the Canons of the Church of Amiens de La Justice de Coitency., and is also mentioned in a Charter dated 1059.

297. Adèle9 de Coucy (3131) (Stuart, Page 22, Line 37-32.). Married Name: de Boves (3131). Born: before 1020 at Coucy, Ile-de-France, France, daughter of Aubri, Seigneur de Coucy (6890) and Mathilde N? (6891), Adèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time she married Dreux. Married in 1035 at Ardennes, France: Dreux, Seigneur de Boves (3130),, son of Hughes, Seigneur de Boves (6892) and N? N? (6893).

298. Liétaud, Seigneur9 de Marle (6897) (Stuart, Page 4, Line 6-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Liétaud de Roucy (6897). PaterAlter before 1040 Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6897)/Gervais, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599) (an unknown value). MaterAlter: before 1040 N. de Poitiers (2600)/Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6897). Born: before 1040, son of Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6899) and N? N? (6900), Liétaud is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Adèle was born. Some sources skip a generation and indicate that this Liétaud's parents were Gervais de Roucy and his wife N? de Poitiers. Married before 1057 at La Fère, Aisne, Picardie, France: Mahaut N? (6898).

299. Mahaut9 N? (6898) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). Married Name: de Marle (6898). Born: before 1043 Mahaut is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her dauther, Adèle, was born. Married before 1057 at La Fère, Aisne, Picardie, France: Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6897),, son of Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6899) and N? N? (6900).

300. Baudouin VI9 de Flandre (2019) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 118.) (Stuart, Page 53, Line 73-32.). AKA: Baudouin I, Count de Hainaut (2019) (Stuart, Page 53.). AKA: Baldwin, Margrave of Antwerp (2019). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Bon" (2019) (Abbott, Page 292.). Born: circa 1030, son of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278). Married in 1055: Rothilde=Richilde, Comtesse de Hainaut (2017),,daughter of Rainier V/VI, Count de Hainaut (2013) and Mahaut d'Ardenne (2014) (Baudouin VI was Rothilde's second husband). Died: on 17 Jul 1070.

301. Rothilde=Richilde, Comtesse9 de Hainaut (2017) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 118.) (Stuart, Page 53, Line 73-32.) (Abbott, Page 559.). AKA: Richilde von Egisheim (2017) (Stuart, Page 53.). Married Name: de Flandre (2017). Born: between 1016 and 1036 at France, daughter of Rainier V/VI, Count de Hainaut (2013) and Mahaut d'Ardenne (2014), Rothilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Roger, was born. Some sources indicate that Richilde was the daughter of Hermann, Comte von Egisheim and widow of Comte Hermmann de Hainaut, hence daughter-in-law of Rainier de Hainaut and therefore dowager Comtesse. Married before 1050: Hermann von Egisheim (2018) (Hermann was Rothilde's first husband) (von Redlich, Page 277.). Married in 1055: Baudouin VI de Flandre (2019),, son of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix,Princess de France (1278) (Baudouin VI was Rothilde's second husband). Died: on 15 Mar 1086.

302. Henri II, Count9 de Louvain (4184) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 49, Line 68-32.). AKA: Henri II de Lambert (4184). AKA: Henri II, Count de Brabant (4184). Born: circa 1020 at Belgium, son of Lambert II dit Baudry, Count de Louvain (4183) and Ode de Lorraine (4182).

Married before 1060: Adèle=Alix de Turinge (4185),, daughter of Eberhard, Count de Béthune (7668) and N? N? (7669). Died: between 1078 and 1079 Henri II was alive in the year 1072. He is buried at Nivelles (Stuart, Page 49.).

303. Adèle=Alix9 de Turinge (4185) (André Roux: Scrolls, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 269, Line 389-32.). Married Name: de Louvain (4185). AKA: Adélaïde de Béthune (4185) (Stuart, Page 269, Line 389-32.). Born: before 1045 at France, daughter of Eberhard, Count de Béthune (7668) and N? N?(7669), Adèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Godefroy was born. Married before 1060: Henri II, Count de Louvain (4184),, son of Lambert II dit Baudry, Count de Louvain (4183) and Ode de Lorraine (4182). Died: after 1086 She was alive in the year 1086 (André Roux: Scrolls.).

324. Guillaume, Count9 d'Exmes (2982) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 195, 265.) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-34.). AKA: Guillaume, Count d'Eu (2982). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Bâtard" (2982). Note -: Guillaume was the first Count d'Exmes then also Count d'Eu, he was the only bastard son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and therefore also known as Guillaume, Le Bâtard de Normandie. He was alive in the year 998 A.D. Born Illeg.: between0965 and 0982 at France -, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549), - Guillaume was alive in the year 0998. Married before 1027 at France: Lezcéline d'Harcourt (3948),, daughter of Turchetil, Seigneur de Turqueville (4631) and Ancéline de Montfort-sur-Risle (4632). Died: on 26 Jan 1057.

325. Lezcéline9 d'Harcourt (3948) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-34.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 265.). Married Name: d'Exmes (3948). AKA: Lezcéline de Turqueville (3948) From her father's side, Lezcéline was also known as Lezcéline de Turqueville. AKA: Lasceline de Tourville (3948). Born: before 1013 at France, daughter of Turchetil, Seigneur de Turqueville (4631) and Ancéline de Montfort-sur-Risle (4632), Lezcéline is presumed to have been atleast 15 years of age by the time her son, Robert, was born. Married before 1027 at France: Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (2982),, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549). Died: in 1058 at France Lezcéline died a nun and is buried at the Abbey de Saint Pierre-sur-Dives.

326. Renaud = Rainald II, Count9 de Soissons (1949) (André Roux: Scrolls, 255.) (Stuart, Page 141, Line 188-34.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). AKA: Renaud, Vicomte de Troyes (1949). Born: before 1002 at France, son of Guy, Count de Vermandois (1945) and Adélaïs, Countess de Soissons (1946), Renaud is presumed to have been born berfore his mother remarried. Married before 1042: Adélaïde=Aélis de Roucy (1950). Died: in 1057 (Abbott, Pages 55.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.).

327. Adélaïde=Aélis9 de Roucy (1950) (André Roux: Scrolls, 255.) (Stuart, Page 141, Line 188-34.). Married Name: de Soissons (1950) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Born: before 1028 Aélis is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Adélaïde was born. Married before 1042: Renaud = Rainald II, Count de Soissons (1949),, son of Guy, Count de Vermandois (1945) and Adélaïs, Countess de Soissons (1946).

370. Wadric, Seigneur9 d'Avesnes (4074) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-31.). AKA: Wédric II, Seigneur de Condé (4074) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Wédric II, Seigneur de Leuze (4074) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Wédric II, Seigneur d'Avesnes (4074) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: before 1039 at Avesnes, Flandre, France, son of Wédric I, Lord d'Avesnes (7664) and N. de Chièvres (7665), Wadric is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Ade was born. Married before 1053: N? N? (4075).

371. N?9 N? (4075). Married before 1053: Wadric, Seigneur d'Avesnes (4074),, son of Wédric I, Lord d'Avesnes (7664) and N. de Chièvres (7665). Married Name: d'Avesnes (4075).

376. Ingelbert II9 van Peteghem (14380). Born: before 1025 at Belgium Ingelbert II is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Alard I was born. Married before 1042: Glismode N? (14381). Died: circa 1058.

377. Glismode9 N? (14381). Married Name: van Peteghem (14381). Born: before 1028. Married before 1042: Ingelbert II van Peteghem (14380).

384. Amaury II, Seigneur9 de Montfort (3189) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-30.). AKA: Amaury II, Seigneur d'Épernon (3189) (Abbott, Page 39.). Born: before 1011 at Montfort-l'Amaury, Toulousain, Languedoc, France, son of Guillaume, Count de Hainaut (3185) and N., Dame de Montfort (3188), Amaury II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Simon I was born. Married before 1026: Bertrade de Gometz (3190),, daughter of Guillaume de Gometz (4933) and N? N? (4934). Died: in 1063 at Eure & Loir, France (Abbott, Page 39.).

385. Bertrade9 de Gometz (3190) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-30.). Married Name: de Montfort (3190). Born: before 1011 at France, daughter of Guillaume de Gometz (4933) and N? N? (4934), Bertrade is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Simon I was born. Married before 1026: Amaury II, Seigneur de Montfort (3189),, son of Guillaume, Count de Hainaut (3185) and N., Dame de Montfort (3188).

386. Richard, Comte9 d'Évreux (4409) (André Roux: Scrolls, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-32.) (Abbott, Page 230.). Born: in 986 at Rouen, Bray, Normandie, France, son of Robert, Comte de Normandie (4407) and Ila d'Herlève (4408), Rouen was the Capital city of ancient Normandie. Married before 1030: Adélaïde de Barcelone (4410),, daughter of Raymond I dit Borel III, Count de Barcelone (1484) and Ermessinde de Carcassonne (1485) (Adélaïde was the widow of Roger de Toeni when she married Richard). Died: in 1067.

387. Adélaïde9 de Barcelone (4410) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-32.). Married Name: d'Évreux (4410). Married Name: de Toeny (4410). Born: circa 1004, daughter of Raymond I dit Borel III, Count de Barcelone (1484) and Ermessinde de Carcassonne (1485). Married before 1029 at France: Roger I de Toeny (10839),, son of Rodulf II de Tosny (17929) and N? N? (17930) (Roger was Adélaïde's first husband). Married before 1030: Richard, Comte d'Évreux (4409),, son of Robert, Comte de Normandie (4407) and Ila d'Herlève (4408) (Adélaïde was the widow of Roger de Toeni when she married Richard). Died: in 1051.

388. Guillaume I9 de Garlande (4270) (André Roux: Scrolls, 227.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 June 1995 at 16:15 Hours.). Born: before 1080 at France Guillaume I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Anseau was born. Married before 1095: Hélisende N? (4271).

389. Hélisende9 N? (4271). Born: before 1080. Married before 1095: Guillaume I de Garlande (4270).

390. Guy II, Seigneur9 de Montlhéry (3410) (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 4, Line 5-31.) (Castelot, Tome I, Page 506.). AKA: Guy II, Seigneur deChâteaufort (3410). AKA: Guy II, Seigneur de Fornay (3410). AKA: Guy II, Seigneur de Gometz (3410) (Abbott, Page 104.). AKA: Guy II Trousseau (3410) (Abbott, Page 48.). AKA: Guy, Seigneur de Mantes (3410). Also Known As: Guy "Le Roux" (3410). AKA: Guy I, Count de Rochefort-en-Yvelines (3410). AKA: Guy, Seigneur de La Ferté-Alais (3410) (Abbott, Page 104.). Born: before 1068 at Essone, France, son of Guy I, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3408) and Sainte Hodierne de Gometz (3409), Guy II is presumed to have been at least 14 years of age when he married Élisabeth. The parentage of Guy II is held in some controversy. André Roux's data indicate he was the son of Miles II by Lithuise de Champagne, while other sources indicate that Guy II was the son of Guy I by Hodierne de Gomez, and thus the brother of Miles II [as shown herein]. PaterAlter before 1068 Guy II, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3410)/Miles III, Seigneur de Montlhéry (2195) (an unknown value). MaterAlter: before 1068 Lithuise de Champagne (2194)/GuyII, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3410). Married before 1082 at France: Élizabeth=Adélaïde de Crécy (3411) (Élizabeth was Guy II's second wife [of three]). Occupation: before 1100 at France Guy II was Sénéchal de France. Died: in 1108.

391. Élizabeth=Adélaïde9 de Crécy (3411) (André Roux: Scrolls, 182.) (Stuart, Page 4, Line 5-31.). Married Name: de Montlhéry (3411). Note -: Élizabeth was the heiress of Crécy. Born: before 1069 at France Élizabeth is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her dauther, Lithuise, was born. Married before 1082 at France: Guy II, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3410),, son of Guy I, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3408) and Sainte Hodierne de Gometz (3409) (Élizabeth was Guy II's second wife [of three]). Died: after 1104 Élizabeth was alive in the year 1104.

400. Roger, Seigneur9 de Beaumont-le-Roger (12851) (Paul Theroff, posts, 6 July 1994 at 23:10 Hours.) (von Redlich, Page 125.). AKA: Roger, Seigneur de Pont-Audemer (12851). Also Known As: Roger "à la Barbe" (12851) (Abbott, Page 238.). AKA: Roger "Le Viel" (12851) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, van Houts, Elisabeth.: Chapter 6: "Wace as Historian", Page 119.). Born: circa 1022 at Eure, Normandie, France, son of Honfroy, Seigneur de Vielles (18490) and Albérée de La Haie (18491) (Stuart, Page 161, Line 220-32.). Married before 1046: Adeline de Meulan-sur-Seine (12849),, daughter of Valéran III, Count de Meulan-sur-Seine (8172) and Oda de Conteville (8171). Died: on 29 Nov 1094.

401. Adeline9 de Meulan-sur-Seine (12849) (Paul Theroff, posts, 6 July 1994 at 23:10 Hours.) (von Redlich, Page 125.). Married Name: de Beaumont (12849). Born: circa 1020 at Melun, France, daughter of Valéran III, Count de Meulan-sur-Seine (8172) and Oda de Conteville (8171) (Genealogy BB ofProdigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID#SJJA18A] posted in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject: "de La Haie", on 6 June 1998 at 19:56 Hours.). Married before 1046: Roger, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (12851),, son of Honfroy, Seigneur de Vielles (18490) and Albérée de La Haie (18491). Died: on 8 Apr 1081.

402. Hughes, Count9 de Vermandois (1285) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 112.) (Stuart, Page 105, Line 143-30.). AKA: Hughes, Count de Paris (1285). AKA: Hughes, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (1285). AKA: Hughes, Count de Valois (1285). AKA: Hughes Magnus de Crépy (1285). AKA: HughesMagnus, Duke de Bourgogne (1285). AKA: Hughes Magnus, Marquis d'Orléans (1285). AKA: Hughes Magnus, Count d'Amiens (1285). Also Known As: Hughes "Le Grand" (1285). AKA: Hughes, Comte d'Amiens (1285). Born: in 1057 at Ile-de-France, France, son of Henri I, King de France (1272) and Anne, Queen de France (1273). Married in 1077: Adèle, Countess de Vermandois (1286),, daughter of Herbert IV, Count de Vermandois (1955) and Adèle, Countess de Crépy (1957) (Hughes was Adèle's first husband). Note - before 1101: Hughes was a leader in the First Crusade. Died: on 18 Oct 1101 at Tarsus, Cilicia, Asia Minor, Hughes is buried in Saint-Paul-de-Tarse.

403. Adèle, Countess9 de Vermandois (1286) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 112.) (Stuart, Page 175, Line 239-30; Page 196, Line 268-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 632 - 633.). AKA: Adélaïde, Dame de Saint-Quentin (1286) (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Adélaïde, Countess de Valois (1286) (Abbott, Pages 57.). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (1286). Born: circa 1062, daughter of Herbert IV, Count de Vermandois (1955) and Adèle, Countess de Crépy (1957). Married in 1077: Hughes, Count de Vermandois (1285),, son of Henri I, King de France (1272) and Anne, Queen de France (1273) (Hughes was Adèle's first husband). Married in 1103 at France: Renaud II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2754),, son of Hugues I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751) and Marguerite de Roucy (2752) (Adèle was Renaud II's first wife). Died: in 1124 at Meulan, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de-France, France, Adèle was alive in the year 1118 (Abbott, Pages 57.).

404. Raoul, Seigneur9 de Gaël (21594) (Abbott, Page 266.). Born: before 1022 at Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France Raoul is presumed to have been at least 18 years old by the time his son, Raoul, was born. Married before 1039: N? N? (21595). Died: circa 1096 (Abbott, Page 266.).

405. N?9 N? (21595). Married before 1039: Raoul, Seigneur de Gaël (21594).

406. Guillaume9 FitzOsbern (21440). Born: before 1039 Guillaume is presumed to have been at least 18 years old by the time his daughter, Emma, was born. Married before 1058: N? N? (21441). Died: in 1066 at Hastings, Sussex, England, Guillaume was killed in action.

407. N?9 N? (21441). Married before 1058: Guillaume FitzOsbern (21440).

416. Bouchard III, Seigneur9 de Montmorency (3431) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184.) (Stuart, Page 21, Line 34-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 26 April 1994 @ 18:47 Hours.). Born: before 1015 at Ile-de-France, France, son of Bouchard II, Seigneur de Montmorency (3429) and Helvide de Basset (3430). Note - between 1022 and 1024: Bouchard III was Seigneur 1022-1024. Married before 1057 at France: Adélise de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (3432),, daughter of Hugues I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751) and Marguerite de Roucy (2752). Died: in 1060 Bouchard III was alive in the year 1022 (Abbott, Page 49.).

417. Adélise9 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (3432) (Stuart, Page 21, Line 34-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). Married Name: de Clare (3432). Married Name: de Montmorency (3432). AKA: Adèline de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (3432). Born: before 1043, daughter of Hugues I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751) and Marguerite de Roucy (2752). Married before 1057 at France: Bouchard III, Seigneur de Montmorency (3431),, son of Bouchard II, Seigneur de Montmorency (3429) and Helvide de Basset (3430). Married before 1080: Gilbert, Seigneur de Clare (12662),, son of Richard, Seigneur de Bienfaite (17796) and Rohèse Giffard (17797). MaterAlter: before 1100 Alice de Clare (23060)/Adélise de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (3432). Died: after 1100.

418. Guillaume dit Busac, Count9 d'Eu (3949) (André Roux: Scrolls, 195, 255.) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-33.). AKA: Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (3949). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Soissons (3949). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Troyes (3949). Born: circa 1022, son of Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (2982) and Lezcéline d'Harcourt (3948). Married in 1058: Adélaïde, Countess de Soissons (3950),, daughter of Renaud = Rainald II, Count de Soissons(1949) and Adélaïde=Aélis de Roucy (1950) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Died: in 1077 Guillaume was alive in the year 1076.

419. Adélaïde, Countess9 de Soissons (3950) (André Roux: Scrolls, 195, 255.) (Stuart, Page 142, Line 188-33.). Married Name: d'Eu (3950). AKA: Adélaïde, Comtesse de Troyes (3950). Born: circa 1025, daughter of Renaud = Rainald II, Count de Soissons (1949) and Adélaïde=Aélis de Roucy (1950) (_________, Personal Research. References, Estimated date.). Married in 1058: Guillaume dit Busac, Count d'Eu (3949),, son of Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (2982) and Lezcéline d'Harcourt (3948) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Died: on 18 Sep 1066.

420. Yves I/II, Count9 de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4395) (André Roux: Scrolls, 239.). AKA: Yves III, Count de Bellemontensis (4395) (Stuart, Page 199, Line 274-32.). AKA: Yves III de Val d'Oise (4395) (Abbott, Page 31.). Born: before 1015 at Beaumont, Beaumont, Beaumont-sur-Oise, France, son of Yves II de Bellemontensis (7888) and N? N? (7889), Yves I was alive in the year 1028 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son, Eudes, was born. Married before 1029 at France: Emma (--?--) (4396),, daughter of Geoffroy I, Duke de Bretagne (2984) and Havoise de Normandie (2983). AKA: Yves II, Seigneur de Conflans (4395). Died: on 22 May 1059 Yves I was alive in the year 1044.

421. Emma9 (--?--) (4396) (Stuart, Page 199, Line 274-32.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://fabpedigree.com/s009/f072544.htm, 7 December 2008.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://fabpedigree.com/s009/f072544.htm, 7 December 2008.). Married Name: de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4396). AKA: Emma Lupus de Bretagne (4396) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://fabpedigree.com/s009/f072544.htm, 7 December 2008.). Born: before 1015 at France, daughter of Geoffroy I, Duke de Bretagne (2984) and Havoise de Normandie (2983), Emma was alive in the year 1039, and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Yves II wasborn. Married before 1029 at France: Yves I/II, Count de Beaumont-sur-Oise (4395),, son of Yves II de Bellemontensis (7888) and N? N? (7889).

422. Hughes, Count9 de Gournay (7895) (Stuart, Page 199, Line 274-31.). AKA: Hughes II, Seigneur de Gournay (7895) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://fabpedigree.com/s060/f008753.htm, 7 December 2008.). Born: before 1040 at France, son of Hughes I, Seigneur de Gournay (26082) and N? N? (26083), Hughes is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Adélaïde was born. Married before 1054: N? N? (7896).

423. N?9 N? (7896) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://fabpedigree.com/s061/f008753.htm, 7 December 2008.). Married before 1054: Hughes, Count de Gournay (7895),, son of Hughes I, Seigneur de Gournay (26082) and N? N? (26083).

424. Robert II, Count9 d'Exmes (2987) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Also Known As: Robert "Le Diable" (2987). AKA: Robert I, Duke de Normandie (2987). Also Known As: Robert "Le Magnifique" (2987) (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: circa 1000 at Normandie, France, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Significant-Other: Arlette de Mortain (2559) between 1026 and 1027 at Rouen, France, - Duke Robert "Le Magnifique", only recently Duke of Normandy, met Arletta, normand daughter of a humble resident of Falaise. If one is to believe the calumnious English legend, the Duke noticed her as she was dancing in a public square of Rouen. Note - between 1028 and 1035: Duke of Normandie (1028-1035), Robert II was poisoned during an elegant pilgrimage to the Holy Land. While making preparations in January, 1035, Robert presented his son, through his concubine Arletta, William as heir. Gilbert de Brionne would be charged to look after the child who was only 8 years of age. Died: on 2 Jul 1035 at Nicée, Bithynia, Holy Land, Turkey, Robert II, Duke de Normandie, died after having asked his followers to support his son. However, the Summer saw local wars burst throughout the Duchy.

425. Arlette9 de Mortain (2559) (André Roux: Scrolls, 132, 149.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1022.html as of 1 November 1998.). Married Name: de Conteville (2559). Married Name: d'Exmes (2559). AKA:Harlette = Herleva de Falaise (2559) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1021.html as of 1 November 1998.). Note - circa 1003: In two notes, G.H. White, who used Marx's Edition of the "Gesta" containing the correct Latin text of Orderic, denied this interpretation. According to him, there is no evidence for Freeman's testimony that Herleva's father was a tanner, and he concludes: 'As pollinctores were the people who prepared corpses for burial, this [William being called a skinner or furrier] is obscure ... Notwithstanding White's arguments, the two recent biographers of the Conqueror, D.C. Douglas and M. de Bouard, preferred the tanner story. What makes the assessment of Orderic's interpolation even more complicated is the fact that the mockery must have occurred in French and not in Latin. The inhabitants of Alençon, like Duke William, spoke French. The event most probablywas preserved by memory and oral tradition and was not rendered into Latin until the beginning of the 12th. Century. Then Orderic faced the task of choosing the appropriate Latin equivalents of the spoken French words which are now lost. Trying to recontruct the reality of the 1051 - 1052 mockery at Alençon as well as finding an explanation for the use of pollinctor, it is worth looking at the French adaptations of the "Gesta" written in the second halfof the 12th. Century. How did Wace and Benoit translate this passage in their "Roman de Rou" [1155 - 1174], and the "Chronique des ducs de Normandie" [1174 - 1180]. Unfortunately, both poets skillfully avoided the word pollinctor and do not mention the beating of the pelts and furs. Instead, they elaborately digress on Duke William being called parmentier [Wace] and peletier [Benoit], each therefore offering a different translation of pelliciarius. It is clear from their text that they consider such a person involved in the trade of pelts, skins and furs. But which trade? Parmentier, used by Wace, means skinner, furrier or tanner; a more rare meaning is tailor; and yet, A. Holden, the most recent Editor of the "Roman de Rou", thinks that tailor is the correct rendering here. To explain the discrepancy between the original Latin of Orderic and Wace's adaptation, Holden suggests that Wacemight record another tradition of the Alençon insult than the one written down by Orderic. Benoit leaves no doubt whatsoever as to his meaning peletier.For him, a pelliciarius is a tailor. He even embroiders this interpretation by referring to the tailor's needle and thread. But he did not wholly understand the Latin or the ridicule. According to his "Chronique", the inhabitants of Alençon, while insulting the Duke, beat the lower and upper parts of their backs and not pelts or furs. This is a misinterpretation of the Latin where the word "renones" [pelts or furs] is confused with "renes" [loins, backs]. It may be clear that neither Wace nor Benoit were familiar with the word "pollinctor" and that they did not understand the nature of the mockery. They hung on to the fact that the Duke was insulted by the reference to his grandfather's trade, which for Wace was that of a skinner or furrier, and for Benoit that of a tailor. Although neither of the two poets is very helpful for the meaning of the word "pollinctor", Wace's account might give a clue as to the original French of the Joke which the Duke found so offensive. The French for skin, according to Wace, is "la pel". In the masculin "le pel" the word means stake, pallisade, or wall. Bearing in mind, it is conceivable that the defenders of Alençon were making a pun by shouting "the walls, the walls" to the Duke [the pelterer]. But more probably, the pelts or skins did not refer to animals, but to human corpses. "Pellis" in Latin, and "la pel" in old French, can both indicate animal as well as human skin. I suggest that the mockery was insulting because Duke William's grandfather had been a pollinctor in the only known sense of the word, that is, a person who prepares corpses for burial, an undertaker or even an embalmer. As such, the father of Herleva naturally would have dealt with skins, not however with those of animals, but of human beings. The people of Alençon could not possibly have referred to this profession by beating human corpses or skins, so they therefore used pelts. In French, they shouted 'Pelterer' and Orderic translated this as pelliciarius, thereby preserving the double meaning. He still knew the nature of the insults and the real occupation of Herleva's father; whereas, half a century later, neither Wace nor Benoit seem to have been aware of the real facts. Our knowledge of persons who laid out bodies in medieval Normandyis extremely limited.See also note for Fulbert's Occupation (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Posted by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] in Subject "Herleva de Falaise" on 23 March 1996 at 00:39 Hours.). Born: circa 1003 at Falaise, Calvados, Normandie, France, daughter of Fulbert de Falaise (4811) and Dode N? (4812), Michael Welch cites an article "The Origins of Herleva, Mother of William the Conqueror": There is a persistent tradition in Anglo-Norman historiography that William the Conqueror's mother Herleva, was the daughter of Fulbert, a tanner from Falaise. This tanner story emerged in

the second half of the Twelfth Century as a result of a misinterpretation of Latin used to describe Herleva's background. The earliest substantial information about Herleva derives from Orderic Vitalis in his interpolated version of "Gesta Normannorum Ducum" written 1109 - 1113. He refers to her several times, but these passages are difficult to interpret. In a lively but enigmatic description of the Seige of Alençon in 1051 - 1052, William of Jumièges the original author of the "Gesta" [1070 - 1071] writes that Duke William was insulted by its inhabitants and that he ordered that his mockers should have their hands and feet cut off. The nature of the offense is not stated by the ducal chronicler. Forty years later, Orderic Vitalis proved to be less fastidious. According to his interpolation, the first part of which occurs in the margin of his autographed manuscript, thirty-two of the mockers were crippled. For the people of Alençon beat pelts and furs in order to insult the Duke and despisingly called him "pelliciarus [pelterer] because his maternal parentes [parents or kinsman] had been Pollinctores. Pelliciarius means "pelterer" - a person who is involved in the trade of pelts, skins and furs. The parentes are commonly interpreted as parents and therefore this sentence is supposed to contain a reference to Herleva's father. This is very likely, although we must allow the possibility that kinsmen, and thus Herleva's family, in a wider sense is meant. The greatest difficulty, however, lies in the translation and interpretation of the word "pollinctor". In classical Latin, pollinctor is a person who prepares a corpse for burial. The word is not uncommon in the Middle Ages and all examples indicate the same sense as in classical Latin. Orderic Vitalis used it a second time in his description of William the Conqueror's burial in the "Historia Ecclesiastica", where pollinctores are said to have laid the king's corpse. In the Alençon context, however,at first sight the word seems to make no sense at all. The more than thirty manuscripts of the "Gesta" containing Orderic's passage give the word pollinctor correctly. So it looks as if all scribes recognized it, and even if they did not know the meaning, they copied it without making mistakes. The first variant reading emerged in the 17th. Century, when William Camden [1602] edited the "Gesta". Both give pelliciarii instead of pollinctores, although as far as I know, there is no manuscript evidence for this reading. As a result of these editions, historians thence assumed that Duke William had been insulted by being called a tanner -- the translation given for pelliciarius by, among others, E.A. Freeman - in consequence of the fact that his maternal grandfather had been a member of that profession (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Posted by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] in Subject "Herleva de Falaise" on 23 March 1996 at 00:39 Hours.). Significant-Other: Robert II, Count d'Exmes (2987) between 1026 and 1027 at Rouen, France,- Duke Robert "Le Magnifique", only recently Duke of Normandy, met Arletta, normand daughter of a humble resident of Falaise. If one is to believe the calumnious English legend, the Duke noticed her as she was dancing in a public square of Rouen. Married circa 1028 at Normandie, France: Herluin=Herlevin, Vicomte de Conteville (2560),, son of Jean de Conteville (6726) and N? N? (6727). Died: after 1040 at Mortain, Normandie, France.

426. Baudouin V, Comte9 de Flandre (1279) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 103, Line 141-32.). AKA: Baudouin, Regent de France (1279). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Pieux" (1279) (von Redlich, Page 183.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Débonnaire" (1279) (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Baudouin V de Lille (1279) (Stuart, Page 103.). Born: circa 1013 at Flandre, Belgium, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066). Married in 1028 at France: Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278),, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Note - between 1060 and 1067 at France: Baudouin V was the Regent of France from 1060 to 1067. Died: on 1 Sep 1067 at Lille, Nord, Flandre, France.

427. Adèle=Alix, Princess9 de France (1278) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 140-32.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Ear Roberts "Capet" posted on 4 October 1995 at 14:33 hours.). AKA: Adélaïde, Countess de Contenance (1278). Married Name: de Normandie (1278). Married Name: de Flandre (1278). Born: in 1009, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271), Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix was born in 1012. Married in Jan 1027 at France: Richard III, Duke de Normandie (17721),, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married in 1028 at France: Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279),, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Died: on 8 Jan 1079 at Messina, Messina, Sicily, Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix died in 1063.

432. Baudouin VI9 de Flandre (2019) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 118.) (Stuart, Page 53, Line 73-32.). AKA: Baudouin I, Count de Hainaut (2019) (Stuart, Page 53.). AKA: Baldwin, Margrave of Antwerp (2019). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Bon" (2019) (Abbott, Page 292.). Born: circa 1030, son of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278). Married in 1055: Rothilde=Richilde, Comtesse de Hainaut (2017),,daughter of Rainier V/VI, Count de Hainaut (2013) and Mahaut d'Ardenne (2014) (Baudouin VI was Rothilde's second husband). Died: on 17 Jul 1070.

433. Rothilde=Richilde, Comtesse9 de Hainaut (2017) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 118.) (Stuart, Page 53, Line 73-32.) (Abbott, Page 559.). AKA: Richilde von Egisheim (2017) (Stuart, Page 53.). Married Name: de Flandre (2017). Born: between 1016 and 1036 at France, daughter of Rainier V/VI, Count de Hainaut (2013) and Mahaut d'Ardenne (2014), Rothilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Roger, was born. Some sources indicate that Richilde was the daughter of Hermann, Comte von Egisheim and widow of Comte Hermmann de Hainaut, hence daughter-in-law of Rainier de Hainaut and therefore dowager Comtesse. Married before 1050: Hermann von Egisheim (2018) (Hermann was Rothilde's first husband) (von Redlich, Page 277.). Married in 1055: Baudouin VI de Flandre (2019),, son of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix,Princess de France (1278) (Baudouin VI was Rothilde's second husband). Died: on 15 Mar 1086.

434. Henri II, Count9 de Louvain (4184) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 49, Line 68-32.). AKA: Henri II de Lambert (4184). AKA: Henri II, Count de Brabant (4184). Born: circa 1020 at Belgium, son of Lambert II dit Baudry, Count de Louvain (4183) and Ode de Lorraine (4182). Married before 1060: Adèle=Alix de Turinge (4185),, daughter of Eberhard, Count de Béthune (7668) and N? N? (7669). Died: between 1078 and 1079 Henri II was alive in the year 1072. He is buried at Nivelles (Stuart, Page 49.).

435. Adèle=Alix9 de Turinge (4185) (André Roux: Scrolls, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 269, Line 389-32.). Married Name: de Louvain (4185). AKA: Adélaïde de Béthune (4185) (Stuart, Page 269, Line 389-32.). Born: before 1045 at France, daughter of Eberhard, Count de Béthune (7668) and N? N?(7669), Adèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Godefroy was born. Married before 1060: Henri II, Count de Louvain (4184),, son of Lambert II dit Baudry, Count de Louvain (4183) and Ode de Lorraine (4182). Died: after 1086 She was alive in the year 1086 (André Roux: Scrolls.).

436. Dietrich Heinrich, Count9 de Velue (7941) (Stuart, Page 87, Line 119-32.). AKA: Dietrich Flamens (7941). Born: before 1038 at France, son of Gérard II, Count de Teisterbant (7943) and N? N? (7944), Dietrich is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Gérard I was born. Married before 1053: N? N? (7942). Note - before 1075: Dietrich was a captive at Bouillon. Died: between 1075 and 1092 Dietrich is buried at the Abbey of Saint Hubert in the Ardennes, France. Sources disagree as to the year of death with some claiming Heinrich died in 1075 while others indicate it was in 1092.

437. N?9 N? (7942). Married before 1053: Dietrich Heinrich, Count de Velue (7941),, son of Gérard II, Count de Teisterbant (7943) and N? N? (7944).

438. Guillaume V, Comte9 de Poitou (3999) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 87, Line 119-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). AKA: Guillaume dit Pierre, Comte de Longwy (3999). AKA: Guillaume VII, Duke d'Aquitaine (3999) (Abbott, Page 303.). Also Known As: Guillaume "l'Aigret" (3999). Born: circa 1023 at Longwy, Lorraine, France, son of Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452) and Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453). Married before 1040: Ermesinde de Longwy (4000),, daughter of Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) and Clémence de Foix (15587). Died: in 1058 (Abbott, Page 402.).

439. Ermesinde9 de Longwy (4000) (Stuart, Page 80, Line 105-32.) (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). Married Name: de Poitou (4000). Born: before 1025, daughter of Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) and Clémence de Foix (15587), Ermesinde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Guillaume V. Married before 1040: Guillaume V, Comte de Poitou (3999),, son of Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452) and Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453). Died: after 1058.

440. Albert II, Count9 de Namur (3963) (André Roux: Scrolls, 197.) (Stuart, Page 88, Line 120-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995, at 15:14 Hours.). Born: circa 1000 at Belgium, son of Albert=Adalbert I, Count de Namur (3823) and Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude de Lorraine (3822). Married before 1030: Relinde de Lorraine (3966),, daughter of Gozelon I, Duke de Lorraine (3964) and N? N? (3965). Died: in 1037 Albert II was killed. Some sources indicate that Albert II died between 1063 and 1064.

441. Relinde9 de Lorraine (3966) (André Roux: Scrolls, 197.). Married Name: de Namur (3966). AKA: Regelinde, Countess de Châtenois (3966). Born: circa 994, daughter of Gozelon I, Duke de Lorraine (3964) and N? N? (3965). Married before 1030: Albert II, Count de Namur (3963),, son of Albert=Adalbert I, Count de Namur (3823) and Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude de Lorraine (3822). Died: on 1 Feb 1050.

442. Bernard II, Duke9 de Saxe (1982) (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 223, Line 312-34.). Born: circa 995, son of Bernard I, Duke de Saxe (7947) and Hildegarde von Stade (7948). Married between 1019 and 1020: Bertrade, Princess of Norway (1983),, daughter of Harold II, King of Norway (7250) and N? N? (7251). Married in 1020: Elica von Schweinfürt (8180),, daughter of Heinrich von Schweinfürt (7273) and Gerberge von Henneberg (7274) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 29 Jun 1059.

443. Bertrade, Princess of9 Norway (1983) (Stuart, Page 151, Line 204-34.). Married Name: de Saxe (1983). Born: before 970, daughter of Harold II, King of Norway (7250) and N? N? (7251). Married between 1019 and 1020: Bernard II, Duke de Saxe (1982),, son of Bernard I, Duke de Saxe (7947) and Hildegarde von Stade (7948). Died: after 1030 Bertrade was alive in the year 1030.

444. Gilbert I, Count9 de Luxembourg (3996) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 3, Line 3-32.). AKA: Gilbert I, Count de Salins (3996). AKA: Gilbert I, Count de Longwy (3996). AKA: Giselbert II, Comte von Salm (3996) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: circa 1005, son of Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg (2067) and Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg (2068). Married before 1040: N? N? (3997). Died: on 14 Aug 1059.

445. N?9 N? (3997). Married before 1040: Gilbert I, Count de Luxembourg (3996),, son of Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg (2067) and Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg (2068).

446. Guillaume V, Comte9 de Poitou (3999) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 87, Line 119-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). AKA: Guillaume dit Pierre, Comte de Longwy (3999). AKA: Guillaume VII, Duke d'Aquitaine (3999) (Abbott, Page 303.). Also Known As: Guillaume "l'Aigret" (3999). Born: circa 1023 at Longwy, Lorraine, France, son of Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452) and Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453). Married before 1040: Ermesinde de Longwy (4000),, daughter of Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) and Clémence de Foix (15587). Died: in 1058 (Abbott, Page 402.).

447. Ermesinde9 de Longwy (4000) (Stuart, Page 80, Line 105-32.) (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). Married Name: de Poitou (4000). Born: before 1025, daughter of Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) and Clémence de Foix (15587), Ermesinde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Guillaume V. Married before 1040: Guillaume V, Comte de Poitou (3999),, son of Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452) and Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453). Died: after 1058.

448. Henri9 de Bourgogne (1302) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 123.) (Stuart, Page 63, Line 85-30.) (Castelot, Tome 2, Page 490.) (Abbott, Page 198.). Also Known As: Henri "Le Damoiseau" (1302). Born: in 1035 at France, son of Robert, Duke de Bourgogne (1274) and Hélie de Semur (1275) (Stuart, Page 182.). Married in 1056: Sibylle de Barcelone (8087),, daughter of Bérenger-Raymond, Count de Barcelone (1488) and Gisèle de Lluca (1491). Married before 1058 at France: Sybille, Countess de Bourgogne (1303),, daughter of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033). Died: either 1066 or 1074 According to Abbott, Henri died in 1074. R. Wolford's sources indicate he died 27 January 1070 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Roxanne Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] under Subject "House of Burgundy", 5 November 1997 at 00:45 Hours.).

449. Sybille, Countess9 de Bourgogne (1303) (André Roux: Scrolls, 80, 123.). Born: circa 1035, daughter of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033). Married before 1058 at France: Henri de Bourgogne (1302),, son of Robert, Duke de Bourgogne (1274) and Hélie de Semur (1275). Died: on 6 Jul 1074 at France Sybille is burried at the Church of Saint Étienne in Besançon (Stuart, Page 182.).

450. Guillaume I, Comte9 de Vienne (2392) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.) (Stuart, Page 73, Line 94-31.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Tête Hardie" (2392). AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Mâcon (2392) (Abbott, Page 213.). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Bourgogne (2392) (Abbott, Page 600.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Grand" (2392) (Abbott, Page 506.). Born: circa 1024 at Vienne, Isère, France, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033). Married in 1049 at France: Étiennette de Barcelone (2393),, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: on 12 Nov 1087 (Stuart, Page 73.).

451. Étiennette9 de Barcelone (2393) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Vienne (2393). AKA: Étienette de Longwy (2393). AKA: Stephanie de Longwy (2393). PaterAlter circa 1035 Étiennette de Barcelone (2393)/Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) (an unknown value). MaterAlter: circa 1035 Clémence de Foix (15587)/Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Born: circa 1035, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395), Étiennette's parentage may be in dispute with sources referenced in Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" showing her to be the daughter of Adalbert III, Comte de Longwy by Clémence de Foix. Married in 1049 at France: Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392),, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: after 1088.

452. Guillaume, Vicomte9 de Turenne (2422) (André Roux: Scrolls, 125.) (Abbott, Page 432.). AKA: Guillaume de Comborn (2422). Born: circa 996 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Orléanais, France, son of Ebles I, Vicomte de Comborn (2420) and Béatrix de Normandie (2421), Guillaume was alive in the year 1000 (Stuart, Page 114.). Married in 1030: Mathilde N? (2423). Died: circa 1040 Guillaume was the Vicomte de Turenne in the year 1040 (Abbott, Page 438.).

453. Mathilde9 N? (2423) (André Roux: Scrolls, 125.). Married Name: de Turenne (2423). Married in 1030: Guillaume, Vicomte de Turenne (2422),, son of Ebles I, Vicomte de Comborn (2420) and Béatrix de Normandie (2421). Born: before 1035 Mathilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Boson I was born.

454. Pierre, Comtor9 de Terrasson (2426) (André Roux: Scrolls, 125.). Born: before 1040 at Terrasson, Guyenne, France Pierre is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Gerberge was born. Married before 1055: N? N? (2427).

455. N?9 N? (2427). Married before 1055: Pierre, Comtor de Terrasson (2426).

This Coat of Arms was associated with Thibaut III. Comte de Champagne.

This Coat of Arms was associated with Thibaut III. Comte de Blois.

456. Thibaud III, Count9 de Blois (2185) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121.) (Stuart, Page 97, Line 133-32.) (Hallam, Page 74.). AKA: Thibaud, Count de Chartres (2185). AKA: Thibaud III, Comte de Champagne (2185) Thibaud III became Comte de Champagne in 1063 (Abbott, Pages 61.). AKA: Thibaud III, Count de Tours (2185). AKA: Thibaud III, Comte de Châteaudun (2185). AKA: Thibaud III, Comte de Troyes (2185). Note -: Thibaud I (Theobald) took the paternal lands of Blois, upon the death of his father. Then, when his nephew, Eudes=Odo III went to England, Thibaud also got control of Troyes and Meaux, and he expanded southwards from the Troyes lands. Through his second wife, he got control of Bar and Vitry. Thibaud also was the Count of the Palace to Philippe I, King of France. In 1044, when Geoffrey Martel of Anjou acted on the sanction given by a royal investituregiven him by King Henry I, Thibaud lost the Touraine and Vendôme. These were grave setbacks for the house of Blois, and Thibaud now aligned himself more closely with the King. Born: circa 1022, son of Eudes II, Count de Blois (2178) and Ermengarde d'Auvergne (2180). Married before 1037: Gersende, Comtesse du Maine (4403),, daughter of Herbert I, Count du Maine (4401) and N? N? (4402) (Gersende was Thibaud III's first wife). Repudiated: Gersende, Comtesse du Maine (4403) in 1048 at France. Married circa 1055: Gundrada N? (7442) (Gundrada was Thibaud I/III's second wife). Married in 1069 at France: Adélaïde de Crépy (2187),, daughter of Raoul III, Comte de Valois (1958) and Alix de Bar-sur-Aube (1959) (Adélaïde=Adèle was Thibaud III's second wife. Adèle's father Raoul III, Count de Crépy (also Raoul IV de Valois) passed the lands of Bar-sur-Aube and Vitry to her (actually to her husband) when Adèle's brother, Simon, became a monk. Some sources indicate Thibaud and Adélaïde were married before 1061). Died: on 29 Sep 1090 at Épernay, France, Thibaut III died just before he could lead the Third Crusade.

457. Gersende, Comtesse9 du Maine (4403) (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Abbott, Page 130.). Married Name: de Blois (4403). Married Name: de Champagne (4403). Married Name: de Ligurie (4403). PaterAlter before 1023 Gersende, Comtesse du Maine (4403)/Herbert II, Count du Maine (9220)(an unknown value) (Abbott, Page 130.). Born: circa 1025 at Chartres, Blois, Orléanais, France, daughter of Herbert I, Count du Maine (4401) and N? N? (4402), André Roux shows Gersende as daughter of Herbert I, but Abbott shows the Gersende who married Azzo I as daughter of Herbert II (Abbott,Page 130.). Married before 1037: Thibaud III, Count de Blois (2185),, son of Eudes II, Count de Blois (2178) and Ermengarde d'Auvergne (2180) (Gersende was Thibaud III's first wife). Repudiated: Thibaud III, Count de Blois (2185) in 1048 at France. Married between 1048 and 1049: Azon, Marquis de Ligurie (4404),, son of Alberto Azzo I, Marchese de Ligurie (8588) and Adela N? (8589) (Azon was Gersende's second husband). Died: circa 1074.

458. Guillaume, Duke9 de Normandie (2070) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 118, 231.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-30.) (Hallam, Page 74.) (Genealogy BB ofProdigy Svcs., by Robert Carver [ID# MNDY85D] "William the Conq." posted on 25 August 1995 at 21:32 Hours - citing "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle."). Also Known As: William "The Conqueror" (2070) (Abbott, Page 219.). AKA: William I, King of England (2070). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Bâtard" (2070). Born Illeg.: between 1027 and 1028 at Château de Falaise, Falaise, Normandie, France, -, son of Robert II, Count d'Exmes (2987) and Arlette de Mortain (2559), - Robert "Le Magnifique" was not with Arletta when the child was born. His name had been chosen long before, without regard to originality and it is uncertain whether he was born in late 1027 or very early 1028. Note - between 1035 and 1087: In his early years, William had to defend himself against the Angevin aggression (From Queen Constance widow of King Robert "Le Pieux"). As the illegitimate son of Robert "the Magnificent", William = Guillaume, who had succeeeded to Normandy in 1035, when still a minor, was in a precarious position in the duchy. In 1047, a powerful coallition of nobles massed against him and he sough royal support from King Henry I. Henry rescued him and defeated the rebels at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes with Guillaume fighting at his side. Then from 1048 until 1052 Guillaume and Henry made war on Geoffrey Martel of Anjou. In 1048, they captured Mouliherne and in 1049 Guillaume went into Maine while the King went into the Touraine. In 1049, Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre

promises his daughter to Guillaume. In 1052, King Henry switched his alliance from Normandy to Anjou. King Henry supported the rebellion of the Count of Arques against the Norman Duke in 1053. In 1054, the King, Geoffrey of Anjou and the king's brother Eudes marched into Normandy. Eudes de France was soundly beaten by Guillaume at Mortemer-sur-Eaulne. In 1058, King Henry I and Geoffroi Martel I again started an offensive against Normandy, but part of their army was cut-off and was massacred at Varaville. In 1060, when both of them had died, Guillaume of Normandy had ample opportunities to expand his territories which he used to considerable effect. While in 1063, some smaller feudal lords rebelled against Guillaume's iron-handed rule, this did not prevent him from acquiring Le Mans. On 5 January 1064, Harold sails to the continent, presumably to assure Guillaume that hewould succeed King Edward of England (if one is to believe the tapissery of Bayeux) -- the two being related by blood (Emma, mother of Edward the Confessor, is the great aunt of the Normand Chief). On 5 January 1066, King Edward of England falls gravely ill, and in spite of his sworn oath to Guillaume, duke de Normandie, Harold is crowned King of England. This action, of course cancels the plans for marrying Guillaume's daughter. Guillaume sought to assert his hereditary right and was supported by Pope Alexander II, as well as by the King of Denmark and the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1066, in record time, with the assistance of the Lords of Eu, d'Avranches, de Coutances, de Bayeux, d'Évreux and de Beaumont, Guillaumeassembles a fleet. On 12 September, the fleet is ready, but the winds do not become favorable until 27 September. Sailing North from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, Guillaume succeeds on 29 September 1066 on the Feast of Saint Michael, in landing between Eastbourne and Hastings. This is one accomplishment which even Napoleon and Hitler would be unable to replicate. The landing is celebrated with a feast (and it is clear from the tapestry of Bayeux that the art of the barbecue was not invented yesterday). On 14 October 1066, after failures of negotiations, the Battle of Hastings is engaged. Harold is mortally wounded by an arrow to the head, and the Anglo-Saxons flee in disarray. It is said that in 1066, Ealdred, Archbishop of York and the citizens of London wished to have Prince Edgar for King as was his right by birth and Edwin and Morcar had promised to fight for him. On 25 December 1066, Guillaume is annointed King in Westminster by the Archbishop of York, Ealdred. [Ealdred, Archbishop of York for 10 years less 15 weeks, died 11September 1067 and is buried in York, the seat of his Episcopal see]. He had himself crowned King of England in London. Guillaume had to fight against his son Robert Courtheuse, who was supported by King Philippe I of France. In 1076, Philippe I, King of France is able to break Guillaume's siege of Dol, and in 1077, a short-lived peace is arranged between the two kings. It was during military operations against Philip, the bastard died of wounds. He was also known as William the Conqueror - Only the irrational British mind could conceive of bestowing such an illustrious title on one of such questionable origin. Married in 1050 at France: Mathilde=Maud de Flandre (2069),, daughter of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278) (In 1049, Baudouin V offers his daughter's hand in marriage to Guillaume, Duke de Normandie. French history texts uniformly indicate that the headstrong Flemish woman would have nothing to do with a bastard. Guillaume is said to have galoped all the way to Lille, enterred Mathilde's room, and tamed her by beating her with his stirrups, tearing her robe to shreds in the process. After that, Mathilde is said to have enthusiastically consented to become the Duchess of Normandy. Mathilde and William were devoted to each other, and there is no evidence to suggest that William had any mistress according to Debrett's "Kings and Queens of Great Britain", no illegitimate children have ever been convincingly shown. The marriage was approved by the Pope in the year 1059). Died: on 9 Sep 1087 at Abbaye aux Hommes, Rouen, Saint-Gervais, Normandie, France, Guillaume is buried at the Abbey of Saint-Étienne in Caen, France in accordance with his wishes.

459. Mathilde=Maud9 de Flandre (2069) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 149, 231.) (Stuart, Pages 103, Line 141-31.). Married Name: de Normandie (2069).AKA: Matilda, Queen of England (2069). AKA: Maud, Duchesse de Normandie (2069). Born: in 1032 at Flandre, Belgium, daughter of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279) and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278), While many French history texts seem fond of claiming that it was after this Mathilde that the famous tapissery of Bayeux is named, more respectable encyclopedic sources (including Larousse) indicate this is an error. Married in1050 at France: Guillaume, Duke de Normandie (2070),, son of Robert II, Count d'Exmes (2987) and Arlette de Mortain (2559) (In 1049, Baudouin V offers his daughter's hand in marriage to Guillaume, Duke de Normandie. French history texts uniformly indicate that the headstrong Flemish woman would have nothing to do with a bastard. Guillaume is said to have galoped all the way to Lille, enterred Mathilde's room, and tamed her by beating her with his stirrups, tearing her robe to shreds in the process. After that, Mathilde is said to have enthusiastically consented to become the Duchess of Normandy. Mathilde and William were devoted to each other, and there is no evidence to suggest that William had any mistress according to Debrett's "Kings and Queens of Great Britain", no illegitimate children have ever been convincingly shown. The marriage was approved by the Pope in the year 1059). Died: on 3 Nov 1083 at Caen, Calvados, Normandie, France.

460. Engelbert I, Count9 von Sponheim (7029) (Stuart, Page 167, Line 228-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Engelbert I, Count von Levanthal (7029) Levanthal in the Kraichgau. AKA: Engilbert II, Count de Treveso (7029) Treveso in Italy. AKA: Engelbert I, Count von Ortenburg (7029). Note -: Engelbert I was an advocate of Salzburg. Born: before 1055 at Austria, son of Siegfried, Count von Sponheim (7033) and Richgard, Countess von Lavant (7034), Egelbert I was alive in the year 1060, and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richgard was born. Married before 1070: Hedwig von Flinsbach (7030),, daughter of Bernhard von Flinsbach (7031) and Cécilia N? (7032). Died: on 1 Apr 1096.

461. Hedwig9 von Flinsbach (7030) (Stuart, Page 167, Line 228-32.). Married Name: von Sponheim (7030). Born: circa 1040, daughter of Bernhard von Flinsbach (7031) and Cécilia N? (7032). Married before 1070: Engelbert I, Count von Sponheim (7029),, son of Siegfried, Count von Sponheim (7033) and Richgard, Countess von Lavant (7034). Died: after 1100.

462. Ulrich The Rich, Count9 von Passau (7027) (Stuart, Page 94, Line 128-32.). Born: before 1072, son of N. von Augstgau (7385) and N? N? (7386), Ulrich was Count in 1072. Married before 1093: Adelheid von Fratenhausen (7028),, daughter of Heinrich I, Count von Lechsgemuend (15783) and Irmgard von Rott (15784) (Adelheid=Adélaïde was Ulrich's second wife and she was the widow of Markwart von Markwartstein (Marquardstein), and her third husband was Bérenger von Sulzbach) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Died: on 14 Apr 1099 at Holland Ulrich died of the plague.

463. Adelheid9 von Fratenhausen (7028) (Stuart, Page 157, Line 213-32.). Married Name: de Sulzbach (7028). Married Name: von Passau (7028). AKA: Adelheid von Lechsgemuend (7028). Born: before 1077, daughter of Heinrich I, Count von Lechsgemuend (15783) and Irmgard von Rott (15784) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Married before 1093: Ulrich The Rich, Count von Passau (7027),, son of N. von Augstgau (7385) and N? N? (7386) (Adelheid=Adélaïde was Ulrich's second wife and she was the widow of Markwart von Markwartstein (Marquardstein), and her third husband was Bérenger von Sulzbach) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Married circa 1100: Bérenger II, Count de Sulzbach (4187),, son of Gebhard II, Count von Sulzbach (7718) and Ermengarde=Irmgard von Rott (7719) (Bérenger II was Adelheid's third husband. While there appears to bea variance between Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" and E.S. as to who Bérenger II married, that variance really relates to Adélaïde's = Adelheid's parentage) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Died: on 24 Feb 1111 Adelheid is buried at Sulzbach.

464. Guigues VII, Count9 d'Albon (2462) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.). AKA: Guigues VII, Sire de Vion (2462). AKA: Guigues II, Count de Grenoble (2462). Also Known As: Guigues "Le Gros" (2462) (Abbott, Page 581.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.). AKA: Guigues II, Comte d'Albon (2462) (Abbott, Page 581.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24279, 7 December 2008.). Born: circa 1025 at Albon, Dauphiné, France, son of Guigues VI, Count d'Albon (2460) and Adélaïde=Alix de Beaujeu (2461), Guigues VII and his brother Humbert witnessed a Charter on 20 August 1034. This Guigues' parentage is in question and some sources [E.S.] appear skip one generation to assert that he was the son of Guigues, Comte d'Albon by Gotelenne de Clérieux. The lineage given here is supported by André Roux, and Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" who claims support from E.S., III:738 andMantayer. MaterAlter: circa 1025 Gotelenne de Clérieux (2459)/Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462). PaterAlter circa 1025 Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462)/Guigues V, Count de Vienne (2458) (an unknown value). Married circa 1050: Alsinde de Beaujeu (20089),, daughter of Guichard II, Seigneur de Beaujeu (1759) and Ricoaire de Salornay (1760). Married on 27 Apr 1050: Pétronille = Adélaïs de Royans (2463),, daughter of N? d'Argental (26135) and N? N? (26136) (Pétronille was Guigues VII's first wife). Married on 10 May 1070 at Dauphiné, France: Agnès de Barcelone (6710),, daughter of Raymond-Bérenger I, Count de Barcelone (810) and Almodis de La Marche (807). Died: on 22 Apr 1095 at France Both Guigues VII and his father were alive in the years 1053. Guigues VII is buried in Saint-Robert.

465. Pétronille = Adélaïs9 de Royans (2463) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=169859, 7 December 2008.). Married Name: d'Albon (2463). AKA: Adélaïs de Turin (2463) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.). AKA: Pétronille d'Argental (2463) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=101730, 7 December 2008.). Born: in 1035 at Royans, Dauphiné, France, daughter of N? d'Argental (26135) and N? N? (26136), Pétronille was alive in the year 1050. Married on 27 Apr 1050: Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462),, son of Guigues VI, Count d'Albon (2460) and Adélaïde=Alix de Beaujeu (2461) (Pétronille was Guigues VII's first wife). Died: between 1068 and 1070 at Dauphiné, France, Pétronille is buried in Domène.

466. Edgar Aetheling, King of9 England (2466) (Stuart, Page 157, Line 196-32.). Also Known As: Eadgar "The Exile" (2466). Born: circa 1048 at England, son of Edward Aetheling, Prince of England (6719) and Agatha von Braunschweig (6720). Married before 1075: N. of Carlyle (2467),, daughter of Maldred, Lord of Carlyle (6711) and Ealdgyth of Northumberland (6712). Died: in Dec 1126 at England.

467. N. of9 Carlyle (2467) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.). Married Name: England (2467). Born: before 1045, daughter of Maldred, Lord of Carlyle (6711) and Ealdgyth of Northumberland (6712). Married before 1075: Edgar Aetheling, King of England (2466),, son of Edward Aetheling, Prince of England (6719) and Agatha von Braunschweig (6720).

468. Guillaume I, Comte9 de Vienne (2392) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.) (Stuart, Page 73, Line 94-31.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Tête Hardie" (2392). AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Mâcon (2392) (Abbott, Page 213.). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Bourgogne (2392) (Abbott, Page 600.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Grand" (2392) (Abbott, Page 506.). Born: circa 1024 at Vienne, Isère, France, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033). Married in 1049 at France: Étiennette de Barcelone (2393),, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: on 12 Nov 1087 (Stuart, Page 73.).

469. Étiennette9 de Barcelone (2393) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Vienne (2393). AKA: Étienette de Longwy (2393). AKA: Stephanie de Longwy (2393). PaterAlter circa 1035 Étiennette de Barcelone (2393)/Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) (an unknown value). MaterAlter: circa 1035 Clémence de Foix (15587)/Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Born: circa 1035, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395), Étiennette's parentage may be in dispute with sources referenced in Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" showing her to be the daughter of Adalbert III, Comte de Longwy by Clémence de Foix. Married in 1049 at France: Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne (2392),, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: after 1088.

470. Gérard=Gerhard III, Duke9 de Lorraine (6690). Born: before 1057 at Lorraine, France Gérard III is presumed to have been at least 20 years of ageby the time his daughter Béatrix was born. Married before 1077: N? N? (6691).

471. N?9 N? (6691). Married before 1077: Gérard=Gerhard III, Duke de Lorraine (6690).

472. Guillaume III9 de Montferrat (17034) (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:44 Hours.). AKA: Guillaume III, Margrave di Ravena (17034). Born: before 1079, son of Otto, Marchio de Montiferratensis (17036) and N? N? (17037), Guillaume III is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Enrico, was born. Married before 1096: Otta di Agledo (17035) (Otta was Guillaume III's second wife). Died: circa 1100.

473. Otta9 di Agledo (17035) (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:44 Hours.). Married Name: de Montferrat (17035). Born: before 1079 Otta is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time her son, Rainier, was born. Married before 1096: Guillaume III de Montferrat (17034),, son of Otto, Marchio de Montiferratensis (17036) and N? N? (17037) (Otta was Guillaume III's second wife).

474. Guillaume I, Comte9 de Vienne (2392) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.) (Stuart, Page 73, Line 94-31.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Tête Hardie" (2392). AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Mâcon (2392) (Abbott, Page 213.). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Bourgogne (2392) (Abbott, Page 600.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Grand" (2392) (Abbott, Page 506.). Born: circa 1024 at Vienne, Isère, France, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033). Married in 1049 at France: Étiennette de Barcelone (2393),, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: on 12 Nov 1087 (Stuart, Page 73.).

475. Étiennette9 de Barcelone (2393) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Vienne (2393). AKA: Étienette de Longwy (2393). AKA: Stephanie de Longwy (2393). PaterAlter circa 1035 Étiennette de Barcelone (2393)/Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197) (an unknown value). MaterAlter: circa 1035 Clémence de Foix (15587)/Étiennette de Barcelone (2393). Born: circa 1035, daughter of Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394) and Sancha de Navarre (2395), Étiennette's parentage may be in dispute with sources referenced in Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" showing her to be the daughter of Adalbert III, Comte de Longwy by Clémence de Foix. Married in 1049 at France: Guillaume I, Comte de Vienne

(2392),, son of Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032) and Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033) (Guillaume's wife was Stephanie of Barcelone who is probably the same person as Stephanie of Longwy). Died: after 1088.

476. Leopold II, Margrave of9 Austria (7387) (Stuart, pAGE 202, lINE 279-32.). AKA: Leopold II, Margrave von Ostmark (7387) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Also Known As:Leopold "Der Schone" (7387) ("Le Beau"). Born: in 1050, son of Ernst, Margrave von Ostmark (19970) and Adelheid von Meissen (19971) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1070: Ida=Ita de Cham (7388),, daughter of Rapoto IV de Cham (7389) and N. de Castile (7390). Died: on 12 Oct 1102.

477. Ida=Ita9 de Cham (7388) (Stuart, Page 202, Line 279-32.). Married Name: Austria (7388). Born: before 1066, daughter of Rapoto IV de Cham (7389) and N. de Castile (7390), Ida is presumed to have been at least 14 years old by the time she married Léopold II. Married before 1070: Leopold II,Margrave of Austria (7387),, son of Ernst, Margrave von Ostmark (19970) and Adelheid von Meissen (19971). Died: in 1101 Ida went on the First Crusade where she was captured and placed in the harem of Sultan Kilidge-Arslan, and had issue by him whom the Emperor Frédérick Barbarosa met on a later crusade.

478. Henry IV, Emperor of the9 West (7008) (Stuart, Page 251, Line 359-32.). AKA: Henry IV de Franconia (7008). AKA: Henri IV, Emperor de l'Occident (7008). Born: on 11 Nov 1050 at Goslar, Germany, son of Henry III, King of Germany (8590) and Agnès de Bourgogne (8591). Married on 13Jul 1066: Berthe de Maurienne (7007),, daughter of Odon dit Amé, Comte de Savoie (2111) and Adélaïde, Countess de Turin (2112). Married in 1089: Eupraxia of Kiev (18124) (Eupraxia was Henry IV's second wife). Died: on 7 Aug 1106 at Louvain, Leeuven, Brabant, Belgium, at age 55 Henry IV is buried at Liège, Belgium.

479. Berthe9 de Maurienne (7007) (Paul Theroff, posts, "Emperor Konrad", posted on 06 August 1995 at 21:38 Hours.). Married Name: de l'Occident (7007). Born: on 21 Sep 1051 at Maurienne, Savoie, France, daughter of Odon dit Amé, Comte de Savoie (2111) and Adélaïde, Countess de Turin (2112). Married on 13 Jul 1066: Henry IV, Emperor of the West (7008),, son of Henry III, King of Germany (8590) and Agnès de Bourgogne (8591). Died: on 27 Dec 1081 at Germany at age 30 Berthe is buried at Spayer. Some sources indicate that Berthe died in 1087.

480. Guillaume9 de Sabran (7838) (Stuart, Page 86, Line 116-32.). AKA: Emenon I de Sabran (7838). Born: before 1068, son of Rostaing II de Sabran (7840) and N? N? (7841), Guillaume was alive in the year 1068. Some sources refer to this person [Rostaing's father] was Emenon I. Married before 1090: N? N? (7839). Occupation: in 1096 at Holy Land Guillaume was a Crusader on the First Holy Crusade in 1096. Died: in Jan 1109.

481. N?9 N? (7839). Married before 1090: Guillaume de Sabran (7838),, son of Rostaing II de Sabran (7840) and N? N? (7841).

482. Giraud, Seigneur9 de Vedène (7823) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 194-32.). AKA: Giraud Amic (7823). Born: before 1085, son of Pierre Amic (7825) and Agnès N? (7826), Giraud is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Constance was born. Married before 1100: Ayelmna=Ayalmus N? (7824). Died: in 1113.

483. Ayelmna=Ayalmus9 N? (7824) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 194-32.). Married Name: de Vedène (7824). Born: before 1085 Ayelmna is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Constance was born. Married before 1100: Giraud, Seigneur de Vedène (7823),, son of Pierre Amic (7825) and Agnès N? (7826). Died: after 1105 Ayelmna was alive in the year 1105.

488. Raimond, Seigneur9 de Posquières (7848) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-32.). AKA: Raimond, Dean d'Avignon (7848) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-32.). Born: before 1085 at Avignon, Avignon, Comtat Venaissin, France, son of Raimond, Dean d'Avignon (7852) and Ramone de Posquières (7853), Raimond is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Brémond was born. Married before 1099: N. d'Uzès (7849),, daughter of Éléazer, Seigneur d'Uzès (7850) and N? N? (7851). Note - between 1104 and 1112: As a Crusader, Raimond went on the First Holy Crusade with Count Raimond de Saint-Gilles and was in the East on 31 January 1104. He was home by 13 January 1112 and lived in the Languedoc region of France. Died: in Aug 1138 at Languedoc, France.

489. N.9 d'Uzès (7849) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-32.). Married Name: d'Avignon (7849). Note -: She was the heiress of Uzès. Born: before 1085 at Uzès, Languedoc, France, daughter of Éléazer, Seigneur d'Uzès (7850) and N? N? (7851), She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Brémond was born. Married before 1099: Raimond, Seigneur de Posquières (7848),, son of Raimond, Dean d'Avignon (7852) and Ramone de Posquières (7853).

496. Ermengaud IV, Count9 d'Urgel (2970) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-32.). Also Known As: Armengol "El de Gerp" (2970) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/genfiles/barclona.txt, on 2 May 1996 at 13:58 Hours.). Born: in 1056 at Urgel, Catalogne, Spain, son of Armengol III, Count d'Urgel (7858) and Clémence de Bigorre (7859), Ermengaud IV was the Count of Urgel in 1065. AKA: Ermengaud IV, Count d'Urgel (2970) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 1077: Lucia de La Marche (10844),, daughter of Bernard, Count de La Marche (805) and Amélie de Montignac (806) (Lucia was Ermengaud IV's first wife). Married in 1079: Adélaïde, Comtesse de Forcalquier (2969),, daughter of Guillaume IV/VI dit Bertrand, Count de Forcalquier (2967) and Adélaïde d'Ivrée (2968) (Adélaïde was Ermengaud's second wife). Died: on 28 Mar 1092.

497. Adélaïde, Comtesse9 de Forcalquier (2969) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 197-32.) (Abbott, Page 613.). Married Name: d'Urgel (2969). AKA: Adélaïde de Provence (2969) (Abbott, Page 606.). Born: before 1066 at France, daughter of Guillaume IV/VI dit Bertrand, Count de Forcalquier (2967) and Adélaïde d'Ivrée (2968), Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Ermengaud IV. Married in 1079: Ermengaud IV, Count d'Urgel (2970),, son of Armengol III, Count d'Urgel (7858) and Clémence de Bigorre (7859) (Adélaïde was Ermengaud's second wife). Died: in 1129.

498. Guigues VIII, Count9 d'Albon (2464) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.). AKA: Guigues VI, Dauphin du Viennois (2464). AKA: Guigues III, Count de Grenoble (2464) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24280, 7 December 2008.). AKA: Guigues III, Comte du Dauphiné (2464) (Abbott, Page 581.). Born: in 1068 at France, son of Guigues VII, Count d'Albon

(2462) and Pétronille = Adélaïs de Royans (2463) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24280, 7 December 2008.). Married before 1095: Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465),, daughter of Edgar Aetheling, King of England (2466) and N. of Carlyle (2467) (Mahaut was Guigues VIII's second wife. E.S. indicates that Guigues VIII's wife was possibly the daughter of Roger I, Comte de Sicile and de Pouille by Adelaïde di Savona). Died: on 21 Dec 1125.

499. Mahaut=Mathilda9 Aetheling (2465) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.). Married Name: d'Albon (2465). Born: in 1071 atEngland, daughter of Edgar Aetheling, King of England (2466) and N. of Carlyle (2467), Both André Roux and Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" [Line 196-32, Page 147] show Mathilde as probably a daughter of Edward "The Exile". However, Stuart indicates that E.S. III:738 shows Mathilde as daughterof Roger I, Comte de Sicile and Duke de Pouille [Apulia] by Adelaïde of Savona but indicates that parentage to be unproven. If E.S. is correct, then some of the dates, either birth or marriage shown here are prrobably erroneous. MaterAlter: circa 1075 Adélaïde de Savona (13512)/Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465). PaterAlter circa 1075 Mahaut=Mathilda Aetheling (2465)/Roger I, Count de Sicile (2504) (an unknown value). Married before 1095: Guigues VIII, Count d'Albon (2464),, son of Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462) and Pétronille = Adélaïs de Royans (2463) (Mahaut was Guigues VIII's second wife. E.S. indicates that Guigues VIII's wife was possibly the daughter of Roger I, Comte de Sicile and de Pouille by Adelaïde di Savona). Died: in 1131 at France.

500. Henri9 de Flotte (3086) (André Roux: Scrolls, 160.). Born: before 1080 at Flotte, Auvergne, France Henri was alive in the year 1080. Married before 1100 at France: N? N? (3087). Died: after 1120.

501. N?9 N? (3087). Married before 1100 at France: Henri de Flotte (3086).

--- 10th Generation ---

528. Hildouin=Helpuin I, Count10 de Montdidier (3972) (André Roux: Scrolls, 198.) (Stuart, Page 195, Line 266-34.). AKA: Helpuin, Count d'Arcis-sur-Aube (3972). Born: circa 895 at Montdidier, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Roger, Count du Maine (7235) and Rothilde de Neustrie (7236). AKA: Hidouin I, Comte de Rameru (3972) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Married circa 948: Hélissende=Hersinde, Countess d'Arcis-sur-Aube (3973). Died: after 948 Hildouin I was alive in the year 948.

529. Hélissende=Hersinde, Countess10 d'Arcis-sur-Aube (3973) (André Roux: Scrolls, 198.) (Stuart, Page 195, Line 266-34.). Married Name: de Montdidier (3973). AKA: Hersinde, Dame de Raméru (3973). Born: in 920. Married circa 948: Hildouin=Helpuin I, Count de Montdidier (3972),, son of Roger, Count du Maine (7235) and Rothilde de Neustrie (7236). Died: after 970 Hélissende was alive in the year 970. Toward the end of the 10th. Century, the Arcessais was in the hands of Hersinde, wife of a cadet of Montdidier (Abbott, Pages 64.).

536. Renaud, Count10 de Reims (3827) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 193, 269.). AKA: Reginald, Count de Roucy (3827). Born: circa 920 at France, son of Achard de La Ferté-sur-Aube (8158) and Acharda de Bar-sur-Aube (8159) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married circa 937: Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine (2598),, daughter of Gilbert, Count de Brabant (1965) and Gerberge de Saxe (1964). Died: on 10 May 967 Renaud was buried 15 March at the Abbey of Saint-Rémi, Reims, France.

537. Albérade=Aubrée10 de Lorraine (2598) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 193.) (Stuart, Page 70, Line 92-34.). Married Name: de Reims (2598). AKA: Albrade de Hainaut (2598). Born: circa 930, daughter of Gilbert, Count de Brabant (1965) and Gerberge de Saxe (1964). Married circa 937: Renaud, Count de Reims (3827),, son of Achard de La Ferté-sur-Aube (8158) and Acharda de Bar-sur-Aube (8159). Died: on 15 Mar 973.

540. Raynier IV, Count10 de Hainaut (4564) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 253.) (Abbott, Page 558.). AKA: Raynier III, Count de Mons (4564). AKA: Regnier, Count de Hainaut (4564). Note -: Roderick Stuart in his Royalty for Commoners skips Raynier IV, and spells that series' first name differently. Born: before 930 at France, son of Rainier III, Count de Hainaut (2009) and Adèle de Louvain (2010), Raynier IV is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son Lambert I was born. Married before 950: Alix d'Alsace (4565). Died: in 977 (André Roux: Scrolls.).

541. Alix10 d'Alsace (4565) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 253.). Married Name: de Hainaut (4565). Born: before 935 at Alsace, France Alix is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Lambert I was born. Married before 950: Raynier IV, Count de Hainaut (4564),, son of Rainier III, Count de Hainaut (2009) and Adèle de Louvain (2010).

542. Hughes II, King10 de France (784) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Hallam, Pages 67 - 69.) (Stuart, Page 99, Line 134-34.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 415, 424.). AKA: Hughes Capet, Count de Paris (784). AKA: Hughes Capet, Count de Poitou (784). AKA: Hughes Capet, Count d'Orléans (784). AKA:Hughes Capet, Comte d'Auxerre (784) (Abbott, Page 202.). AKA: Hughes Capet (784). Born: between 0939 and 0941, son of Hughes, dux Francorum (1076) and Hadwige, Princess de Saxe (1077). Married in Jan 970 at France: Adélaïde de Poitiers (785),, daughter of Guillaume=William I, Comte d'Aquitaine (3734) and Adèle de Normandie (11357) (Some sources indicate that Alice and Hughes were married in 968). Note - between 0987 and 0996 at France: Hughes became King crowned and anointed on 3 July 987 in Noyon. Hughes was the Chief of the Capetian Dynasty, and ruled as Kingfrom 987 to 996 with the support of Adalbéron, Archbishop of Reims, and of the ecclesiastical Feudal churchmen. In 970, he married Adélaïde de Poitiers, daughter of Guillaume III "Tête d'Étoupe", Duke of Aquitaine. In the first month, hoping to secure the support of the Emperor Lothar, Hughes returns Verdun to him. On 25 December 987, he has his son, Robert, crowned King in the Cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans, to rule over the peoplesWest from the Meuse to the Ocean. He then gets the idea in his head to have his son marry Suzanne known as Rosala, daughter of the ex-King of Italy Berenger II, and widow that very year of Arnould II, Comte de Flandre. She is however 32, some claim 35, years older than young Robert. Her dowry would bring to the Capetian House, Montreuil-sur-Mer and direct access to the Channel. He was victorious over the last Carolingiens, Charles de Lorraine, with the help of Arnoul, Bishop of Orléans, and was at the mercy of his vassals most notably the lords of Blois. His beginnings were very weak:Consider the dispute: While Adalbert, Comte de Périgord, laid siege to Tours, King Hughes and his son, Robert, would never dare to declare war on him, but they asked him "Who made you Count?", and Adalbert answered "Who made you King?". Succinctly put, this summarizes Hughes' difficult situation. Upon the death of Théophano, Empress of Germany, one of Hughes most potent enemies, one who had supported Charles de Lorraine and the Archbishop Arnoul de Reims against Hughes, was eliminated in 992. However, Eudes de Chartres would take Melun. At this time, Hughes was in accord with Foulques Nerra, Comte d'Anjou. Richard of Rouen also is called to the rescue and Melun is given back to its rightful owner, Bouchard de

Vendôme. He had his son Robert canonized.The direct line of Hughes ruled for twelve succeeding generations following his death in 996 until 1328. Early kings associated their elder sons with the Throne during their lifetime. While the direct line appeared content to use the name Capet, once the direct line was broken, the cadet line preferred to use the more euphonious names of Valois and Bourbon they derived from their fiefs. Died: on 24 Oct 996 at Les Juifs, France, Les Juifs is near Chartres. Hughes is buried at Saint Denis.

543. Adélaïde10 de Poitiers (785) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Stuart, Page 119, Line 163-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). Married Name: de France (785) (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Alice de Poitou (785). AKA: Adélaïde d'Aquitaine (785). Born: circa 950 at Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou, France, daughter of Guillaume=William I, Comte d'Aquitaine (3734) and Adèle de Normandie (11357), History would remember Adélaïde, the first capetian Queen of France, for her charity and piety. She was the founder of the Monastery de Saint-Frambault as well as of the Convent d'Argenteuil. Married in Jan 970 at France: Hughes II, King de France (784),, son of Hughes, dux Francorum (1076) and Hadwige, Princess deSaxe (1077) (Some sources indicate that Alice and Hughes were married in 968). Died: between 1004 and 1006.

544. Louis I10 de Mousson (7450) (Stuart, Page 109, Line 149-33.). AKA: Louis, Under-Count de Bar-le-Duc (7450). Born: before 989, son of Thibaud, Count de Bar-le-Duc (7452) and Sconehilde N? (7453), Louis I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Richwin was born. Married before 1004: N? N? (7451). Died: after 1022 Louis I was alive in the year 1022.

545. N?10 N? (7451). Married before 1004: Louis I de Mousson (7450),, son of Thibaud, Count de Bar-le-Duc (7452) and Sconehilde N? (7453).

546. Hughes IV/VI, Count10 von Egisheim (7445) (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-33.) (Abbott, Page 526.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). AKA: Hughes VI, Count von Nordgau (7445). Born: circa 965, son of Hughes V, Count d'Alsace (6995) and N? N? (6996) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married between 0990 and 0995: Heilwig von Dagsburg (7446),, daughter of Ludwig, Count von Dagsburg (7448) and Judith von Ohningen (7449) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs.,by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Note - circa 1000: The history of Éguisheim [Egisheim] is still obscure. It has been said that the first château was constructed by a brother of the Duc d'Alsace named Éberhard, and that he gave to a group of Scottish monks, whose chief was Saint Firmin, who had settled near Lake Constance where they were not happy, lands where they established the Abbey of Murbach. But it is not possible to confirm the existence of this person, nor to say whether the first château was in the plains or on the heights.No doubt, there were Seigneurs of the name of Hughes, but it is only from Hughes IV that is is possible to hazard something concerning the line of descent. This person who lived around the year 1000, dwelt in one of the three towers of Éguisheim, named Weckmund, Wahlenbourg and Dagsbourg. His wife Heilwige was heiress of the County of Dabo [Dagsburg]. In 1026, the Château was devastated by Ernest, Duc de Souabe [Swabia], at war with his father-in-law, Conrad II (Abbott, Page 525.). Died: in 1049 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

547. Heilwig10 von Dagsburg (7446) (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-33.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID#ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married Name: von Egisheim (7446). AKA:Heilwige, Dame de Dabo (7446) (Abbott, Page 524.). Born: between 0970 and 0975 at Dagsburg, Moselle, Alsace, France, daughter of Ludwig, Count von Dagsburg (7448) and Judith von Ohningen (7449) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married between 0990 and 0995: Hughes IV/VI, Count von Egisheim (7445),, son of Hughes V, Count d'Alsace (6995) and N? N? (6996) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Died: in 1046 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

548. Dietrich I, Duke10 de Lorraine (7356) (Stuart, Page 227, Line 319-35.). Born: in 965 at Haute-Lorraine, France, son of Frédérick, Dux de La Haute Lotharingie (3763) and Béatrice de France (3762). AKA: Thierry, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (7356) (Abbott, Page 545.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 992: Richilde de Metz (7357),, daughter of Folmar, Count de Metz (7358) and Berta N? (7359). Died: in 1026 (Abbott, Page 545.).

549. Richilde10 de Metz (7357) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 337-35.). Married Name: de Lorraine (7357). Born: before 980, daughter of Folmar, Count de Metz (7358) and Berta N? (7359), Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Frédéric II was born. Married before 992: Dietrich I, Duke de Lorraine (7356),, son of Frédérick, Dux de La Haute Lotharingie (3763) and Béatrice de France (3762). Died: circa 995.

550. Hermann II, Duke10 de Souabe (7454) (Stuart, Page 148, Line 199-35; Page 167, Line 229-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch[Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Born:circa 955, son of Conrad, Duke de Souabe (7456) and Jutta N? (7457), Hermann II became Duke in 997 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married in 985: Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne (7455),, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne (2176) and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France (2177) (Hermann II was Gerberge's second husband). Died: either 4 May 1003 or 12 May 1025 Michael Welch's sources indicate Hermann II died on 4 May 1003 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

551. Gerberge, Princess10 de Bourgogne (7455) (Stuart, Page 149, Line 201-35.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by MichaelWelch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married Name: de Souabe (7455). Married Name: de Westphalie (7455). Born: between 0965 and 0966, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne (2176) and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France (2177). Married before 970: Bernard I, Count de Westphalie (7459) (Bernard I was Gerberge's first husband). Married in 985: Hermann II, Duke de Souabe (7454),, son of Conrad, Duke de Souabe (7456) and Jutta N? (7457) (Hermann II was Gerberge's second

husband). Died: in 1017 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

552. Otto-Guillaume, Duke10 de Bourgogne (2390) (André Roux: Scrolls, 98, 123.) (Abbott, Page 506.). AKA: Othon, Count de Nevers (2390). AKA: Otton I, King de Lombardie (2390). AKA: Othe Guillaume, Count de Mâcon (2390) (Abbott, Page 212.). Note -: Otton-Guillaume was Count and then Duke de Bourgogne. Adelbert, Duke of Lombardie married Gerberge, Countess of Dijon. Their son Otto-Guillaume was adopted by Henri, Duke of Burgundy who died in 1001/1002, and who is Gerberge's second husband and the Uncle to King Robert II de France. Born: between 0958 and 0959 at France, son of Adelbert II, King de Lombardie (1665) and Gerberge=Garsinde de Chalon (1664). Married before 973: Ermentrude de Reims (2391),, daughter of Renaud, Count de Reims (3827) and Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine (2598) (Ermentrude was Otton's first wife). PaterAlter circa 991 Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390)/Henri, Duke de Bourgogne (1666) Henri, Duke de Bourgogne, being without heir of his own, adopted Otto-Guillaume. Married in 1016: Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou (1453),, daughter of Fouques II, Count d'Anjou (2920) and Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais (2923) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 21Oct 1026 at Pouilly-sur-Saône, France, Otton-Guillaume is buried in Dijon. Some sources indicate that Otto-Guillaume died on 15 October 1002.

553. Ermentrude10 de Reims (2391) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 193, 269.) (Stuart, Page 70, Line 92-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married Name: Ermentrude, Countess de Mâcon (2391). AKA: Ermentrude, Queen de Lombardie (2391). Married Name: de Bourgogne (2391). AKA: Ermengarde de Roucy (2391) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques de La Noblesse de France ou Receuil de Preuves, Mémoires et Notices Généalogiques in Imprimerie de Béthune, Rue Palatine, No. 5, 1 - 11 (No. 1, Rue du Paon-Saint-André-des-Arcs, Paris, France: M. Lainé, 1828 - 1850),Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Page 7.). Born: circa 938 at Reims, Marne, Champagne, France, daughter of Renaud, Count de Reims (3827) and Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine (2598), For reasons that are not clear the British call it Rheims rather than Reims. Married before 956: Albéric=Aubri II, Count de Mâcon (6689),, son of Liétaud II, Count de Mâcon (5031) and Ermengarde de Vergy (5032). Married before 973: Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390),, son of Adelbert II, King de Lombardie (1665) and Gerberge=Garsinde de Chalon (1664) (Ermentrude was Otton's first wife). Died: on 5 Mar 1005 Some sources indicate Ermentrude may have died in 1002.

554. Richard II, Duke10 de Normandie (2985) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-32; Page 134, Line 176-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Also Known As: Richard "Le Bon" (2985) (Abbott, Page 219.). Born Illeg.: circa 958 at Normandie, France, -, sonof Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549), -. Married circa 1000: Judith de Bretagne (2986),, daughter of Conan I, Duke de Bretagne (2925) and Ermengarde d'Anjou (2924). Married in 1017: Estrid of Denmark (13626),, daughter of Svend I, King of England (13621) and Gunhild of Poland (13622) (Richard was Estrid's first husband). Repudiated: Estrid of Denmark (13626) circa 1019. Married between 1020 and 1027: Poppa N? (17720) (Poppa was Richard II's third wife). Died: on 28 Aug 1027 at Fécamp, Seine-Inférieure, Normandie, France.

555. Judith10 de Bretagne (2986) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 168.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-33; Page 135, Line 176-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). Married Name: de Normandie (2986). AKA: Judith de Rennes (2986). Born: in 982 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, daughter of Conan I, Duke de Bretagne (2925) and Ermengarde d'Anjou (2924). Married circa 1000: Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985),, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549). Died: on 16 Jun 1017.

560. Adalbert II, Duke10 de Lorraine (3211) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169, 193.) (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-34.). AKA: Adelbert II, Count d'Alsace (3211). AKA: Adalbert II, Count de Saargau (3211). AKA: Adalbert, Marquis d'Alsace (3211) Adalbert was Margrave 974-976 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.). AKA: Adelbert II, Count de Metz (3211) Adelbertwas Comte de Metz 1020-1026 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.). Born: before 969, son of Éberard=Richard, Count d'Alsace (3209) and N? N? (3210), Adelbert II was alive in the year 974, and is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Judith. Married before 979: Judith=Jutta N? (3212). Note - in 1005: Adelbert II was a Count in the Saargau, Alsace, France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.). Died: in 1033 at Bouzonville, Moselle, Lorraine, France, Adelbert II died on his return from Jerusalem where he was involved in the crusades.

561. Judith=Jutta10 N? (3212) (André Roux: Scrolls, 169.) (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-34.). Married Name: de Lorraine (3212). Born: before 969 Judith is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Adalbert II. Married before 979: Adalbert II, Duke de Lorraine (3211),, son of Éberard=Richard, Count d'Alsace (3209) and N? N? (3210). Died: after 1032 Judith was alive in the year 1032, and is buried in Bouzonville.

564. Ratbode=Robert I, Count10 de Namur (3961) (André Roux: Scrolls, 197.) (Stuart, Page 274, Line 403-36.). AKA: Robert I, Count de Lomme (3961). Born: before 946 at Belgium, son of Bérenger, Count de Namur (2008) and N? de Hainaut (2007), Ratbode was alive in the year 946. Married before 979: Ermengarde de Lorraine (3962),, daughter of Otto, Count de Lorraine (7239) and N? N? (7240). Died: in 981.

565. Ermengarde10 de Lorraine (3962) (Stuart, Page 274, Line 403-36.). Married Name: de Namur (3962). Born: before 965, daughter of Otto, Count de Lorraine (7239) and N? N? (7240), Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Adalbert I was born. Married before 979: Ratbode=Robert I, Count de Namur (3961),, son of Bérenger, Count de Namur (2008) and N? de Hainaut (2007).

566. Charles, Prince10 de France (3717) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191, 193, 217.) (Stuart, Page 88, Line 120-35.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 387.). AKA: Charles de Laon (3717). AKA: Charles I, Duke de Lorraine (3717). Born: in 953 at Laon, Ile-de-France, France, son of Louis IV, King de France (1966) and Gerberge de Saxe (1964), Some sources assert that this Charles was born in the year 943. Married before 970: Bonne=Adélaïde d'Ardenne (3728),, daughter of Godefroy, Count d'Ardenne (3726) and N? N? (3727). Note - in 977: Charles became the Duke of the Basse-Lorraine [Lower Lorraine] in 977. Died: on 21 May 992 Some sources assert that this Charles died in the year 993.

567. Bonne=Adélaïde10 d'Ardenne (3728) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191, 217.). Born: before 955, daughter of Godefroy, Count d'Ardenne (3726) and N? N? (3727), Bonne is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermengarde was born. Married before 970: Charles, Prince de France (3717),, son of Louis IV, King de France (1966) and Gerberge de Saxe (1964).

568. Hughes V, Count10 d'Alsace (6995) (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Born: before 943, son of Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace

(6997) and Luitgard de Lorraine (6998), Hughes V is presumed to have been born before his mother remarried. Married before 964: N? N? (6996). Died: before 986 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

569. N?10 N? (6996). Married before 964: Hughes V, Count d'Alsace (6995),, son of Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace (6997) and Luitgard de Lorraine (6998).

572. Dietrich I, Duke10 de Lorraine (7356) (Stuart, Page 227, Line 319-35.). Born: in 965 at Haute-Lorraine, France, son of Frédérick, Dux de La Haute Lotharingie (3763) and Béatrice de France (3762). AKA: Thierry, Comte de Bar-le-Duc (7356) (Abbott, Page 545.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 992: Richilde de Metz (7357),, daughter of Folmar, Count de Metz (7358) and Berta N? (7359). Died: in 1026 (Abbott, Page 545.).

573. Richilde10 de Metz (7357) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 337-35.). Married Name: de Lorraine (7357). Born: before 980, daughter of Folmar, Count de Metz (7358) and Berta N? (7359), Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Frédéric II was born. Married before 992: Dietrich I, Duke de Lorraine (7356),, son of Frédérick, Dux de La Haute Lotharingie (3763) and Béatrice de France (3762). Died: circa 995.

574. Hermann II, Duke10 de Souabe (7454) (Stuart, Page 148, Line 199-35; Page 167, Line 229-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch[Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Born:circa 955, son of Conrad, Duke de Souabe (7456) and Jutta N? (7457), Hermann II became Duke in 997 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married in 985: Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne (7455),, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne (2176) and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France (2177) (Hermann II was Gerberge's second husband). Died: either 4 May 1003 or 12 May 1025 Michael Welch's sources indicate Hermann II died on 4 May 1003 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

575. Gerberge, Princess10 de Bourgogne (7455) (Stuart, Page 149, Line 201-35.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by MichaelWelch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married Name: de Souabe (7455). Married Name: de Westphalie (7455). Born: between 0965 and 0966, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne (2176) and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France (2177). Married before 970: Bernard I, Count de Westphalie (7459) (Bernard I was Gerberge's first husband). Married in 985: Hermann II, Duke de Souabe (7454),, son of Conrad, Duke de Souabe (7456) and Jutta N? (7457) (Hermann II was Gerberge's second husband). Died: in 1017 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

576. Gelduin, Comte10 de Breteuil (20663) (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.). Born: before 1010 Gelduin is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Évrard, was born (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.). Married before 1027: Ermentrude, Dame de Chartres (20664),, daughter of Foucher, Vicomte de Chartres (20930) and N? N? (20931) (Gelduin became Vicomte de Chartres by virtue of this marriage, and when Thibaud, Comte de Blois and de Chartres, was held in captivity in the hands of Anjou, Gelduin exercised his functions well and the power of the viscounty grew considerably). Died: in 1060 (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33.).

577. Ermentrude, Dame10 de Chartres (20664) (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33; 95.) (Abbott, Pages 32 - 33; 95.). Born: before 1013, daughter of Foucher, Vicomte de Chartres (20930) and N? N? (20931), Ermentrude is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Évrard, was born. Married before 1027: Gelduin, Comte de Breteuil (20663) (Gelduin became Vicomte de Chartres by virtue of this marriage, and when Thibaud, Comte deBlois and de Chartres, was held in captivity in the hands of Anjou, Gelduin exercised his functions well and the power of the viscounty grew considerably). Married Name: de Breteuil (20664).

592. Hughes, Seigneur10 de Boves (6892) (Stuart, Page 22, Line 37-33.). Born: before 1001 at France Hughes is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Dreux was born. Married before 1018: N? N? (6893).

593. N?10 N? (6893). Married Name: de Boves (6893). Married before 1018: Hughes, Seigneur de Boves (6892).

594. Aubri, Seigneur10 de Coucy (6890) (Stuart, Page 22, Line 37-32.). Born: before 1002 at France Aubri is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Adèle was born. Married before 1019: Mathilde N? (6891). Died: on 15 Nov 1037 at Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, Lorraine, France, Aubri was killed at the Battle of Bar-le-Duc.

595. Mathilde10 N? (6891) (Stuart, Page 22, Line 37-32.). Married Name: de Coucy (6891). Born: before 1003 at France Mathilde is presumed to have been at least 16 years of age by the time her daughter, Adèle, was born. Married before 1019: Aubri, Seigneur de Coucy (6890).

596. Liétaud, Seigneur10 de Marle (6899) (Stuart, Page 4, Line 6-33.). Born: before 995 at France, son of Gervais, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599)and N. de Poitiers (2600). Married before 1039: N? N? (6900).

597. N?10 N? (6900). Married before 1039: Liétaud, Seigneur de Marle (6899),, son of Gervais, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne (2599) and N. de Poitiers (2600).

600. Baudouin V, Comte10 de Flandre (1279) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 103, Line 141-32.). AKA: Baudouin, Regent de France (1279). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Pieux" (1279) (von Redlich, Page 183.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Débonnaire" (1279) (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Baudouin V de Lille (1279) (Stuart, Page 103.). Born: circa 1013 at Flandre, Belgium, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066). Married in 1028 at France: Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278),, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Note - between 1060 and 1067 at France: Baudouin V was the Regent

of France from 1060 to 1067. Died: on 1 Sep 1067 at Lille, Nord, Flandre, France.

601. Adèle=Alix, Princess10 de France (1278) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 140-32.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Ear Roberts "Capet" posted on 4 October 1995 at 14:33 hours.). AKA: Adélaïde, Countess de Contenance (1278). Married Name: de Normandie (1278). Married Name: de Flandre (1278). Born: in 1009, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271), Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix was born in 1012. Married in Jan 1027 at France: Richard III, Duke de Normandie (17721),, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married in 1028 at France: Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279),, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Died: on 8 Jan 1079 at Messina, Messina, Sicily, Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix died in 1063.

602. Rainier V/VI, Count10 de Hainaut (2013) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115.). Born: before 1000 at Belgium, son of Raynier V, Count de Hainaut (1269) and Hadwige Capet, Princesse de France (1268), Rainier VI is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when he married Mathilde. Married in 1015: Mahaut d'Ardenne (2014),, daughter of Herman d'Ardenne (2015) and Mathilde de Dabo (2016). Died: after 1039 Rainier VI was alive in the year 1039.

603. Mahaut10 d'Ardenne (2014) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115.). Married Name: de Hainaut (2014). Born: before 1005, daughter of Herman d'Ardenne (2015) and Mathilde de Dabo (2016), Mahaut is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Rainier VI. Married in 1015: Rainier V/VI, Count de Hainaut (2013),, son of Raynier V, Count de Hainaut (1269) and Hadwige Capet, Princesse de France (1268).

604. Lambert II dit Baudry, Count10 de Louvain (4183) (André Roux: Scrolls, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 49, Line 68-33.). AKA: Lambert II, Count de Bruxelles (4183). Born: circa 990, son of Lambert I, Count de Louvain (3825) and Gerberge de Lorraine (3824). Married before 1020: Ode de Lorraine (4182),, daughter of Gozelon I, Duke de Lorraine (3964) and N? N? (3965). Died: circa 21 Sep 1062 Lambert II is buried at Nivelles, France.

605. Ode10 de Lorraine (4182) (André Roux: Scrolls, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 79, Line 104-33.). Married Name: de Louvain (4182). Born: before 1005 at Lorraine, France, daughter of Gozelon I, Duke de Lorraine (3964) and N? N? (3965), Ode is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Henri II was born. Married before 1020: Lambert II dit Baudry, Count de Louvain (4183),, son of Lambert I, Count de Louvain (3825) and Gerberge de Lorraine (3824). Died: on 23 Oct 1047.

606. Eberhard, Count10 de Béthune (7668) (Stuart, Page 269, Line 389-33.). Born: before 1018, son of Godizo, Count de Béthune (7670) and Berthe=Bave N? (7671). Married before 1045: N? N? (7669).

607. N?10 N? (7669). Married before 1045: Eberhard, Count de Béthune (7668),, son of Godizo, Count de Béthune (7670) and Berthe=Bave N? (7671).

648. Richard I, Duke10 de Normandie (550) (_________, Personal Research. References, Encyclopedic Research.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 195, 242.) (Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish kingdom under the Carolingians: 751-987 (Singapore: Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd, (c) 1983), Page 238.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Richard, Regent de France (550) Richard was the Regent of France from 956 to 960. Also Known As: Richard "Sans Peur" (550) ("The Fearless") (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: in 933 at Fécamp, Caux, Normandie, France, son of Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie (1935) and Sprote de Bretagne (2981). Note - between 0942 and 0965: When in 942 Richard I's father William Longsword (Longue Épée) was murdered at the instigation of Arnoul, Count of Flanders, Richard was still a minor. Louis IV and Hugh The Great both tried to seize Normandy, and Louis took charge of Richard. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, and retook Rouen. From 947, Richard governed in relative peace and in 965, he swore allegiance to the Carolingian King Lothar. Officially married to Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great; they had no children, but from his common-law wife Gonnor, a Dane, they had many. Married between 0956 and 0960 at France: Emma de France (3766),, daughter of Hughes, dux Francorum (1076) and Hadwige, Princess de Saxe (1077). Significant-Other: Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549) before 958 -. Married in 978: Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549),, daughter of Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon (6432) and Cyrid N? (6433) (Lady Gonnor was Richard's common-law wife as Richard had no children with his wife Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great). Significant-Other: N? N? (10745) before 988 - She was a concubine of Richard I. Died: on 20 Nov 996 at Fécamp, Caux, Normandie, France.

649. Gonnor, Dame10 de Bolbec (549) (André Roux: Scrolls, 36.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-33.). Married Name: de Normandie (549). AKA: Gonnor, Dame de Crépon (549). Born: circa 936 at France, daughter of Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon (6432) and Cyrid N? (6433), According to some sources, Lady Gonnor's parentage is unknown other than that her parents were Danes. Significant-Other: Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) before 958 -. Married in 978: Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550),, son of Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie (1935) and Sprote de Bretagne (2981) (Lady Gonnor was Richard's common-law wife as Richard had no children with his wife Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great). Died: in 1031 at France.

650. Turchetil, Seigneur10 de Turqueville (4631) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-34.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 265.). AKA: Turchetil, Seigneur de Turqueraye (4631) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: circa 960 at France, son of Torf de Normandie (6903) and Eremberge de Briquebec (6904). Married in 1001 at France: Ancéline de Montfort-sur-Risle (4632),, daughter of Hughes, Sire de Montfort-sur-Risle (6901) and N? N? (6902). Died: after 1024 Turchetil was alive in the year 1024. He was assassinated while protecting the infant William, the future Conqueror (Abbott, Page 231.).

651. Ancéline10 de Montfort-sur-Risle (4632) (André Roux: Scrolls, 265.) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-34.). Married Name: de Turqueville (4632). Born:circa 984, daughter of Hughes, Sire de Montfort-sur-Risle (6901) and N? N? (6902). Married in 1001 at France: Turchetil, Seigneur de Turqueville (4631),, son of Torf de Normandie (6903) and Eremberge de Briquebec (6904).

652. Guy, Count10 de Vermandois (1945) (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 255.) (Stuart, Page 141, Line 188-36.). AKA: Guy, Count de Soissons (1945). Born: before 975 at France, son of Albert I=Adalbert, Count de Vermandois (1941) and Gerberge de Brabant (1942), Guy is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time he died, and he was alive 13 June 989. Died: between 0989 and 1002. Married before 990: Adélaïs, Countess de Soissons (1946),, daughter of Gilbert, Count de Soissons (1947) and N? N? (1948) (Guy was Adélaïs' first husband).

653. Adélaïs, Countess10 de Soissons (1946) (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 255.) (Stuart, Page 141, Line 188-36.). Married Name: de Vermandois (1946).Married Name: de Bar-sur-Aube (1946). Born: before 975 at France, daughter of Gilbert, Count de Soissons (1947) and N? N? (1948), Adélaïs is

presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Nocher II was born. Married before 990: Guy, Count de Vermandois (1945),, son ofAlbert I=Adalbert, Count de Vermandois (1941) and Gerberge de Brabant (1942) (Guy was Adélaïs' first husband). Married circa 1002: Nocher I, Count de Bar-sur-Aube (8157),, son of Achard de La Ferté-sur-Aube (8158) and Acharda de Bar-sur-Aube (8159) (Adélaïs was Guy's widow when she marriedNocher I). Died: in 1047.

740. Wédric I, Lord10 d'Avesnes (7664) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-31.). Born: before 1020 at Carthage, Tunisia Wédric I is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son Wadric was born. Married before 1039 at France: N. de Chièvres (7665).

741. N.10 de Chièvres (7665) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-31.). Married Name: d'Avesnes (7665). Born: before 1025 at France She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Wadric was born. Married before 1039 at France: Wédric I, Lord d'Avesnes (7664).

768. Guillaume, Count10 de Hainaut (3185) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.). Born: between 0952 and 0973 at France, son of Amaury, Count de Hainaut (3183) and Judith de Combray (3184). Married before 1011 at France: N., Dame de Montfort (3188).

769. N., Dame10 de Montfort (3188) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.). AKA: N., Dame d'Épernon (3188). Married Name: de Hainaut (3188). Born: before 996 at France She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Amaury II was born. Married before 1011 at France: Guillaume, Count de Hainaut (3185),, son of Amaury, Count de Hainaut (3183) and Judith de Combray (3184).

770. Guillaume10 de Gometz (4933) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-30.). AKA: Guyllaume I, Seigneur de Bures (4933). Born: before 996 Guillaume is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Bertrade was born. Married before 1011: N? N? (4934).

771. N?10 N? (4934). Married before 1011: Guillaume de Gometz (4933).

772. Robert, Comte10 de Normandie (4407) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). AKA: Robert, Archbishop de Rouen (4407). AKA: Robert, Count d'Évreux (4407) (Abbott, Page 230.). Born: circa 964 at Normandie, France, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549). Significant-Other: Ila d'Herlève (4408) before 985 - Ila was Robert's concubine. Occupation: between 0989 and 1037 Robert was the Archbishop of Rouen from 989 to 1037. He was also the Count of Évreux. Died: in 1037.

773. Ila10 d'Herlève (4408) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-33.). Married Name: de Normandie (4408). Born: in 968 at Normandie, France. Significant-Other: Robert, Comte de Normandie (4407) before 985 - Ila was Robert's concubine. Died: after 986.

774. Raymond I dit Borel III, Count10 de Barcelone (1484) (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-34.). AKA: Raymond Borrel I, Count de Gerona (1484). AKA: Raymond dit Borel, Count de Osona (1484). Born: in 972, son of Borel II, Count de Barcelone (1480) and Ledgarde=Luitgarde deToulouse (1481). Married in 990: Ermessinde de Carcassonne (1485),, daughter of Roger I, Seigneur de Comminges (1486) and Adélaïde de Rouergue (1487). Died: on 25 Feb 1017.

775. Ermessinde10 de Carcassonne (1485) (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Foix" posted on 21 March 1995 at 02:11 Hours.). Married Name: de Barcelone (1485). AKA: de Comminges (1485). Born: before 980 at Carcassonnais, France, daughterof Roger I, Seigneur de Comminges (1486) and Adélaïde de Rouergue (1487), Ermessinde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when shemarried Raymond dit Borel. Married in 990: Raymond I dit Borel III, Count de Barcelone (1484),, son of Borel II, Count de Barcelone (1480) and

Ledgarde=Luitgarde de Toulouse (1481). Died: on 1 Mar 1057.

780. Guy I, Seigneur10 de Montlhéry (3408) (André Roux: Scrolls, 182.) (Stuart, Page 178, Line 241-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:23 Hours.). AKA: Gui I, Seigneur de Chèvreuse (3408). AKA: Gui I, Seigneur de Châteaufort (3408). AKA: Gui I, Seigneur de Bray (3408). AKA: Gui, Châtelain de Rochefort-en-Yvelines (3408). AKA: Guy, Seigneur de Mantes (3408) In 1087, Mantes was burned by William teh Conqueror but he was wounded in an accident and soon after died. At this time, Mantes had a seigneur in Guy de Montlhéry, but King Louis VI claimed Mantes in his capacity as Count de Vexin (Abbott, Page 44.). PaterAlter circa 1009 Guy I, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3408)/Thibault, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3406) (an unknown value). Born: circa 1009 at Montlhéry, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de-France, France, son of Milon I de Monteleherico (17367) and N?, Dame de Montlhéry (17368), Guy I founded the Abbey de Longpont. Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" inserts an extra generation [which André Roux's data does not show]and alleges that Gui I was the son of Milon I de La Ferté-sur-Ourcy and N. Dame de Montlhéry daughter of Thibault. E.S. [via Paul Theroff] also indicates that Guy I's father was Milon whom it views as the progenitor of the Montlhéry family. Abbott shows Thibaut as father of Guy (Abbott, Page 48.). MaterAlter: circa 1009 N?, Dame de Montlhéry (3407)/Guy I, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3408). Married before 1035 at France: Sainte Hodierne de Gometz (3409),, daughter of Guillaume de Gometz (4933) and N? N? (4934). Died: in 1095 at Longpont, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France, Guy I died a monk at the Abbey of Longpont where he is buried.

781. Sainte Hodierne10 de Gometz (3409) (Stuart, Page 4, Line 5-32, Page 178, Line 241-32.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 182.). AKA: Hodierne, Dame de laFerté-sur-Oucy (3409). AKA: Hodierne, Dame de La Ferté-Alais (3409) (Abbott, Page 104.). Married Name: de Montlhéry (3409). AKA: Hodierne, Dame de Bures (3409) (Abbott, Page 104.). AKA: Hodierne, Dame de Gometz (3409) (Abbott, Page 104.). Born: before 1020 at France, daughter of Guillaume de Gometz (4933) and N? N? (4934), Sainte Hodierne is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Milon I was born. Married before 1035 at France: Guy I, Seigneur de Montlhéry (3408),, son of Milon I de Monteleherico (17367) and N?, Dame de Montlhéry (17368).

800. Honfroy, Seigneur10 de Vielles (18490) (Paul Theroff, posts, Personal Communication, 14 October 1995 at 20:04 Hours.) (Stuart, Page 79, Line 103-33.). AKA: Omfroy, Seigneur de Pont-Audemer (18490) (Abbott, Page 238.). AKA: Omfroy, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (18490) Omfroy acquired the fiefs of Beaumont and Vielles in exchange for the aid he accorded to the Abbey of Bernay (Abbott, Page 226.). Born: circa 980 at Normandie, France, son of Touroude, Seigneur de Pont-Audemer (18492) and Eva=Weve=Duceline de Crépon (18493) (Stuart, Page 79, Line 103-33.).Married before 1021: Albérée de La Haie (18491). Died: on 28 Sep 1044 (Stuart, Page 79, Line 103-33.).

801. Albérée10 de La Haie (18491) (Paul Theroff, posts, Personal Communication, 14 October 1995 at 20:04 Hours.) (Stuart, Page 161, Line 220-33.). Married Name: de Vieilles (18491). Born: circa 984 at Pont-Audemer, Normandie, France. Married before 1021: Honfroy, Seigneur de Vielles (18490),, son of Touroude, Seigneur de Pont-Audemer (18492) and Eva=Weve=Duceline de Crépon (18493). Died: on 20 Sep 1045 (Stuart, Page 79, Line 103-33.).

802. Valéran III, Count10 de Meulan-sur-Seine (8172). Born: circa 990 at Normandie, France, son of Hughes I, Count de Meulan-sur-Seine (8173) and N? de Vexin (8174). Married before 1014: Oda de Conteville (8171),, daughter of Jean de Conteville (6726) and N? N? (6727). Died: on 8 Dec 1069.

803. Oda10 de Conteville (8171) (Stuart, Page 140, Line 185-33.). Married Name: de Meulan (8171). Born: circa 994 at France, daughter of Jean de Conteville (6726) and N? N? (6727). Married before 1014: Valéran III, Count de Meulan-sur-Seine (8172),, son of Hughes I, Count de Meulan-sur-Seine(8173) and N? de Vexin (8174).

Henri I, King of France.

804. Henri I, King10 de France (1272) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Hallam, Page 73.) (Stuart, Page 99, Line 134-32.) (von Redlich, Page 125.). AKA: Henry I, Comte de Paris (1272). AKA: Henry I, Duke de Bourgogne (1272) (Abbott, Page 198.). Born: on 4 May 1008 at Reims, France, son of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271). Note - between 1031 and 1060 at France: King: 1031-1060. Until about 1044, Henri I was preoccupied with Odo II, Count of Blois, who was trying to make good his own claim to the Kingdom of Burgundy, and the nobles of the Ile-de-France. In disputes with his younger brother Robert goaded by the malicious hatred of his mother Constance for Henri, Henri managed to keep his crown thanks to the help of Robert Le Diable, Duke of Normandy. Henry pardoned his brother, and gave him the Duchy of Bourgogne, thus forming the

first Capetian House of Bourgogne. In 1033, Henry concluded an alliance with the Emperor Conrad II, but the Count of Blois took the side of Odo, the King's youngest brother who had been left landless. They, in turn, rallied a coalitions of nobles in opposition to Henry. In 1034, after savage fighting, Odo of Blois submitted thanks to the vigorous actions of Robert "Le Magnifique", but the war broke out soon afterwards. In July, 1034, Constance died.In 1037 Odo of Blois died while fighting in Lorraine, and his lands were divided between his two sons, Theobald I who took Blois and Stephen who was given Troyes and Meaux. The King was victorious against them, and Eudes (Henri's brother) was captured and incarcerated in Orléans in 1039; Stephen defeated and his ally, the Count of Vermandois was imprisoned. The Comte de Blois would lose Touraine to the Comte d'Anjou, Henri's ally. The King took control of Sens together with the abbeys of Saint-Père at Châlons, and Saint-Médard at Soissons. In 1043, Emperor Henri III of Germanyand King Henri I of France meet in Ivois to arrange a lasting peace (shortly after Henry III married Agnès de Bourgogne). By 1046, while relations between the Emperor and the King of France soured -- the Emperor apparently still miffed at Henri I's having fomented a revolt against the imperial crown in 1044 by the lords of Franche-Comté and of Bourgogne, Guillaume, the young Duke de Normandie, requests the royal assistance of the King to quell a rebellion by the lords of lower Bourgogne led by Renouf, Vicomte de Bessin and Gui, son of the Comte de Bourgogne, titular fief of Brionne. In 1047 at Val-ès-Dunes, just South of Caen, William fighting at the King's side is victorious and erects the Chapel de Sainte-Paix near Caen to commemorate the occasion. Gui de Brionne would require 3 more years of fighting to tame. In 1050, Henry I fought against Geoffrey Martel of Anjou with the help of William, Duke de Normandie. In Northern France, he was therefore able to contain the threats from Blois-Champagne and to profit from the involvement of Normandy and Anjou against one another. He consolidated his power within the royal principality, but his broader schemes, particularly for regaining Lorraine were not so successful. Married before 1033: Mathilde, Princess of Germany (19285),, daughter of Conrad II, King of Germany (8593) and Gisèle de Souabe (7458) (Mathilde was Henri I's first of three wives). Married in 1043: Mathilda de Saxe (4734),, daughter of Ludwig von Braunschweig (7465) and Gertrude von Egisheim (7447) (Hallam, Page 72.). Married on 19 May 1051 at For reasons that are not clear the British call it Rheims, Reims, Marne, Champagne, France: Anne, Queen de France (1273),, daughter of Yaroslav, Grand Duke of Kiev (2699) and Ingigerd-Irene, Princess of Sweden (2700) (According to Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners": After 7 years of being a widower, Henri I, King de France marries Anne de Russie, daughter of the Grand-Duke de Kiev, Jaroslaf Vladimirovitch. Henri is 39 years of age and Anne is 27 years of age. She is marvelously beautiful.However, von Redlich's "Pedigrees of some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants" claims that Henri I and Anne were married circa 29 January 1044 [id est, immediately after Henri I's second wife died). Died: on 4 Aug 1060 at Vitry-en-Brie, France, at age 52 Some French history text indicate that Henri I died in Vitry-aux-Loges. Henri I is buried at Saint Denis. Buried: on 24 Aug 1060.

805. Anne, Queen10 de France (1273) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Stuart, Page 104, Line 143-31.) (von Redlich, Page 63.). AKA: Anne de Russie (1273). AKA: Anna=Agnès Jaroslawna (1273). Married Name: de Valois (1273). AKA: Anne de Kiev (1273). Born: in 1036 at Kiev, Ukraine, daughter of Yaroslav, Grand Duke of Kiev (2699) and Ingigerd-Irene, Princess of Sweden (2700). Married on 19 May 1051 at For reasons that are not clear the British call it Rheims, Reims, Marne, Champagne, France: Henri I, King de France (1272),, son of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271) (According to Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners": After 7 years of being a widower, Henri I, King de France marries Anne de Russie, daughter of the Grand-Duke de Kiev, Jaroslaf Vladimirovitch. Henri is 39 years of age and Anne is 27 years of age. She is marvelously beautiful.However, von Redlich's "Pedigrees of some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants" claims that Henri I and Anne were married circa 29 January 1044 [id est, immediately after Henri I's second wife died). Married circa 1061 at France: Raoul III, Comte de Valois (1958),, son of Raoul II, Count de Crépy (2188) and Adèle de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2189) (Anne was Raoul III's third wife and he her second husband as she was the widow of Henri I when she married Raoul. When Henri I died on 4 August 1060, Anne, 36 years of age, was still considered quite lovely. It is said that she had herself whisked off by Raoul Comte de Crépy and de Valois, as he in turn, repudiated his wife, Haquenez. She complains to Pope Alexander II, who would excommunicate Raoul). Died: between 1076 and 1089 at France Anna is buried at the Abbey of Villiers in La Ferté-Alais on the Essonne, 19-km from Corbeil, in the Seine & Oise Department, France.

806. Herbert IV, Count10 de Vermandois (1955) (André Roux: Scrolls, 112.) (Stuart, Page 175, Line 239-31.). AKA: Herbert IV, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin (1955) (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Herbert, Count de Vexin (1955). AKA: Héribert IV, Count de Valois (1955). Born: circa 1032 at France, son of Othon, Comte de Vermandois (1953) and Pavie N? (1954). Married before 1060: N? N? (1956) (She was Herbert IV's first wife). Married before 1062: Adèle, Countess de Crépy (1957),, daughter of Raoul III, Comte de Valois (1958) and Alix de Bar-sur-Aube (1959) (Adèle was Herbert IV's secondwife). Died: circa 1080.

807. Adèle, Countess10 de Crépy (1957) (André Roux: Scrolls, 112.) (Stuart, Page 196, Line 268-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 15 September 1994 at 00:16Hours.). AKA: Adèle de Vexin (1957). Married Name: de Vermandois (1957). AKA: Adèle, Countess de Valois (1957) (Abbott, Pages 56.). Born: before 1043, daughter of Raoul III, Comte de Valois (1958) and Alix de Bar-sur-Aube (1959), Adèle was alive in the year 1043. Married before 1062: Herbert IV, Count de Vermandois (1955),, son of Othon, Comte de Vermandois (1953) and Pavie N? (1954) (Adèle was Herbert IV's second wife). Note- in 1074 at France: Adèle became the heiress of the countship of Valois when her brother Simon became a monk, and her father redistributed the lands. Died: in 1118 Adèle was alive in the year 1118.

832. Bouchard II, Seigneur10 de Montmorency (3429) (André Roux: Scrolls, 184.) (Stuart, Page 21, Line 34-32.). Also Known As: Bouchard "Le Barbu" (3429). Born: before 981 at Montmorency, Ile de France, France, son of Bouchard I, Baron de Montmorency (2173) and Hildegarde de Blois (2172), Bouchard II was alive in the year 998. Married before 1020: Helvide de Basset (3430) (Helvide was the widow of Hughes de Basset when she married Bouchard II). Died: in 1020 (Abbott, Page 49.).

833. Helvide10 de Basset (3430) (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 26 April 1994 @ 18:47 Hours.). AKA: Idelinde, Dame de Château-Basset (3430). AKA: Helvide Basset (3430). Married Name: de Montmorency (3430). Born: before 1004 at France Helvide is presumed to have been at least 16 years of age by the time her son Bouchard III was born. Married before 1020: Bouchard II, Seigneur de Montmorency (3429),, son of Bouchard I, Baron de Montmorency (2173) and Hildegarde de Blois (2172) (Helvide was the widow of Hughes de Basset when she married Bouchard II).

834. Hugues I, Comte10 de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 198.) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.). AKA:Hughes I, Seigneur de Creil (2751). AKA: Hughes, Count de Mouchy (2751) The Château of Mouchy or Monchy [Oise] was held by Hughes. His daughter Richilde took it to Dreux II de Mello (Abbott, Page 50.). AKA: Hughes, Seigneur de Luzarches (2751) The Seigneurie de Luzarches was held by Hughes, Comte de Clermont. It was divided, one half to his son, the other half to his daughter (Abbott, Page 43.). Born: before 1030 at France, son of Renaud, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2749) and Ermengarde de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2750), Hughes is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Adélise was born. Married before 1042: Marguerite de Roucy (2752),, daughter of Hildouin, Comte d'Arcis-sur-

Aube (2604) and Adélaïde=Alice, Countess de Roucy (2603). Died: in 1101.

835. Marguerite10 de Roucy (2752) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 198.) (Stuart, Page 242, Line 344-29.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 632.). AKA: Marguerite de Montdidier (2752). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2752). Born: in 1031, daughter of Hildouin, Comte d'Arcis-sur-Aube (2604) and Adélaïde=Alice, Countess de Roucy (2603). Married before 1042: Hugues I, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2751),, son of Renaud, Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2749) and Ermengarde de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (2750).

836. Guillaume, Count10 d'Exmes (2982) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 195, 265.) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-34.). AKA: Guillaume, Count d'Eu (2982). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Bâtard" (2982). Note -: Guillaume was the first Count d'Exmes then also Count d'Eu, he was the only bastard son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and therefore also known as Guillaume, Le Bâtard de Normandie. He was alive in the year 998 A.D. Born Illeg.: between0965 and 0982 at France -, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549), - Guillaume was alive in the year 0998. Married before 1027 at France: Lezcéline d'Harcourt (3948),, daughter of Turchetil, Seigneur de Turqueville (4631) and Ancéline de Montfort-sur-Risle (4632). Died: on 26 Jan 1057.

837. Lezcéline10 d'Harcourt (3948) (Stuart, Page 163, Line 222-34.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 265.). Married Name: d'Exmes (3948). AKA: Lezcéline de Turqueville (3948) From her father's side, Lezcéline was also known as Lezcéline de Turqueville. AKA: Lasceline de Tourville (3948). Born: before 1013 at France, daughter of Turchetil, Seigneur de Turqueville (4631) and Ancéline de Montfort-sur-Risle (4632), Lezcéline is presumed to have been atleast 15 years of age by the time her son, Robert, was born. Married before 1027 at France: Guillaume, Count d'Exmes (2982),, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549). Died: in 1058 at France Lezcéline died a nun and is buried at the Abbey de Saint Pierre-sur-Dives.

838. Renaud = Rainald II, Count10 de Soissons (1949) (André Roux: Scrolls, 255.) (Stuart, Page 141, Line 188-34.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). AKA: Renaud, Vicomte de Troyes (1949). Born: before 1002 at France, son of Guy, Count de Vermandois (1945) and Adélaïs, Countess de Soissons (1946), Renaud is presumed to have been born berfore his mother remarried. Married before 1042: Adélaïde=Aélis de Roucy (1950). Died: in 1057 (Abbott, Pages 55.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.).

839. Adélaïde=Aélis10 de Roucy (1950) (André Roux: Scrolls, 255.) (Stuart, Page 141, Line 188-34.). Married Name: de Soissons (1950) (André Roux:Scrolls.). Born: before 1028 Aélis is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Adélaïde was born. Married before 1042: Renaud = Rainald II, Count de Soissons (1949),, son of Guy, Count de Vermandois (1945) and Adélaïs, Countess de Soissons (1946).

840. Yves II10 de Bellemontensis (7888) (Stuart, Page 199, Line 274-33.). AKA: Yves II de Val d'Oise (7888) (Abbott, Page 31.). Born: circa 995 at France, son of Yves de Beaumont-sur-Oise (7890) and Gisèle de Chèvreuse (7891). Married before 1014: N? N? (7889) (Yves II was in Saint Léonor-de-Beaumont in the year 1029). AKA: Yves I, Comte de Beaumont-sur-Oise (7888) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 12 Apr 1036 (Abbott, Page 31.).

841. N?10 N? (7889). Born: before 998. Married before 1014: Yves II de Bellemontensis (7888),, son of Yves de Beaumont-sur-Oise (7890) and Gisèle de Chèvreuse (7891) (Yves II was in Saint Léonor-de-Beaumont in the year 1029).

842. Geoffroy I, Duke10 de Bretagne (2984) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 166.) (Stuart, Page 13, Line 24-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours.). AKA: Geoffroy, Comte de Rennes (2984) (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: circa 980 at France, son of Conan I, Duke de Bretagne (2925) and Ermengarde d'Anjou (2924). Occupation: in 992 Geoffroy I became the Count of Brittany (Bretagne) in the year 992 A.D. Married in 996: Havoise de Normandie (2983),, daughter of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549) (Some sources indicate that Havoise and Geoffroy I were married in 999; however, that would be inconsistent with the date of birth (997) which other sources ascribe to their son Alain). Died: on 20 Nov 1008.

843. Havoise10 de Normandie (2983) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 168.) (Stuart, Page 13, Line 24-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" Posted on 22 February 1994 at 23:37 Hours.). Married Name: de Bretagne (2983). Born: before 986, daughter of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549), Havoise is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Geoffroy. Married in 996: Geoffroy I,Duke de Bretagne (2984),, son of Conan I, Duke de Bretagne (2925) and Ermengarde d'Anjou (2924) (Some sources indicate that Havoise and GeoffroyI were married in 999; however, that would be inconsistent with the date of birth (997) which other sources ascribe to their son Alain). Died: on 21 Feb 1034.

844. Hughes I, Seigneur10 de Gournay (26082) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://fabpedigree.com/s020/f017507.htm, 7 December 2008.). Born: before 1033, son of Renaud, Seigneur de Gournay (26084) and Albérade N? (26085), Hughes I is presumed to have been at least 20 years old by the time his son, Hughes II, was born. Married before 1052: N? N? (26083).

845. N?10 N? (26083). Married before 1052: Hughes I, Seigneur de Gournay (26082),, son of Renaud, Seigneur de Gournay (26084) and Albérade N? (26085). Married Name: de Gournay (26083).

848. Richard II, Duke10 de Normandie (2985) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-32; Page 134, Line 176-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Also Known As: Richard "Le Bon" (2985) (Abbott, Page 219.). Born Illeg.: circa 958 at Normandie, France, -, sonof Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549), -. Married circa 1000: Judith de Bretagne (2986),, daughter of Conan I, Duke de Bretagne (2925) and Ermengarde d'Anjou (2924). Married in 1017: Estrid of Denmark (13626),, daughter of Svend I, King of England (13621) and Gunhild of Poland (13622) (Richard was Estrid's first husband). Repudiated: Estrid of Denmark (13626) circa 1019. Married between 1020 and 1027: Poppa N? (17720) (Poppa was Richard II's third wife). Died: on 28 Aug 1027 at Fécamp, Seine-Inférieure, Normandie, France.

849. Judith10 de Bretagne (2986) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 168.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-33; Page 135, Line 176-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). Married Name: de Normandie (2986). AKA: Judith de Rennes (2986). Born: in 982 at Rennes, Bretagne, France,

daughter of Conan I, Duke de Bretagne (2925) and Ermengarde d'Anjou (2924). Married circa 1000: Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985),, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549). Died: on 16 Jun 1017.

850. Fulbert10 de Falaise (4811) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.). Occupation: See information under Arlette's Birth.Fulbert was possibly mistakenly thought of as a tanner rather than a mortician. According to a post by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] appearingon the Genealogy Bulleting Board for Royal/Noble/Heraldry issues of the Prodigy Interactive Services under Subject "Herleva de Falaise", on 23 March 1996 at 01:36 Hours], Orderic in his Historia Ecclesiastica, the knight Herluin prepared the burial of William the Conqueror. He brought persons "pollinctores" to lay out the corpse of the King, and bearers "vispillionwa", and paid them himself for the work they did. The elaborate 11th-Century description of the procedure followed in case of death in a monatery, given by Lanfranc in his monastic rule states the chamberlain was one of the persons in charge of burials. This is precisely the office Herleva's father obtained at the ducal court. Again, we owe this information to Orderic. In Book VII of the "Gesta", he writes that Duke William was the son of Duke Robert's concubine, Arlette, who was the daughter of Fulbert, Chamberlain of the Duke. The words "Fulberti Cubicularii ducis filia natus" are written on an erasure in his autographed manuscript. The original text cannot be reconstructed. Bearing in mind that the first part of the Alençon interpolation occurs in the first part of the same manuscript, it seems as if Orderic obtained frech information about Harlette's origins after he had finished most of the writing of the "Gesta". It is very likely that Duke Robert appointed Fulbert, Arlette's father, as his Chamberlain, after the birth of his son, William. No contemporary evidence of Fulbert's position in the ducal household, however, survives. The name of Duke William's birthplace, Falaise, is also mentioned by Orderic, for the first time. As Douglas pointed out, Robert must have met Arlette while involved in defending the place against his brother, Duke Richard III [1026 - 1027]. We may conclude that all information about Arlette's origins derives from Orderic Vitalis who wrote more than eighty years after Duke Robert met his concubine at Falaise. In that town, William was born. Hi mother Arlette was the daughter of Fulbert who, as a pollinctor, had laid out corpses for burial and who might therefore have been an embalmer. At an unknown date, after William's birth, Fulbert became ducal Chamberlain. The story that he was peltere, tanner, or tailor was stated in the works of Wace and of Benoit in the second half of the 12th. Century. This tradition was enhanced by the influence of the two 17th. Century Editions of the "Gesta". This was written by Elisabeth M.C. van Houts at Girton College, Cambridge and appeared in the "English Historical Review" in April, 1986 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Posted by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] in Subject "Herleva de Falaise" on 23 March 1996 at 00:39 Hours.). Born: before 988 Fulbert is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Arlette was born. Married before 1003: Dode N? (4812) (Dode=Doda was a concubine).

851. Dode10 N? (4812) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.). Married Name: de Falaise (4812). Born: before 988 Dode is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Arlette was born. Married before 1003: Fulbert de Falaise (4811) (Dode=Doda was a concubine). Died: after 1003.

852. Baudouin IV, Count10 de Flandre (2065) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 200.) (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Baudouin IV de Lille (2065). AKA: Baldwin IV, Count de Valenciennes (2065) Baudouin IV was created Comte de Valenciennes in 1007 (von Redlich, Page 235.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Barbu" (2065) (von Redlich, Page 183.). AKA: Baudouin IV, Comte d'Artois (2065). Born: circa 980 at Flandre, Belgium, son of Arnoul II, Count de Flandre (2061) and Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy (2062). Married between 1005 and 1012: Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066),, daughter of Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg (2067) and Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg (2068) (Ogive was Baudouin IV's first wife). Married after 1013: Éléonore de Normandie (4784),, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986) (Éléonore was Baudouin IV's second wife. While earlier sources indicate that Baudouin IV and Éléonore were married, the 1980's edition of E.S. dropped her, and also changed Judith's parentage, and indicates that no daughter of Richard II de Normandie married Baudouin IV. By extension, it may also be that Baudouin IV did not marrytwice). PaterAlter in 1028 Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065)/Judith de Normandie (8582) (an unknown value). Died: on 30 May 1035.

853. Ogive = Cunégonde10 de Luxembourg (2066) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 200.) (Stuart, Page 247, Line 353-34.). Married Name: de Flandre (2066). Born: circa 995 at Luxembourg, daughter of Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg (2067) and Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg (2068). Married between 1005 and 1012: Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065),, son of Arnoul II, Count de Flandre (2061) and Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy (2062) (Ogive was Baudouin IV's first wife). Died: on 21 Feb 1030.

Robert II, King of France.

Robert II is excommunicated.

854. Robert II, King10 de France (1270) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 80, 114.) (Hallam, Page 71.) (Stuart, Page 99, Line 134-33.) (Castelot, Tome I, Pages439 - 449; Tome II, Page 490.). Also Known As: Robert "Le Pieux" (1270). AKA: Robert II, Duke de Bourgogne (1270) Arms: "Bandé d'or et d'azur à six pièces à la bordure de gueules" (Abbott, Page 198.). Born: between 27 Mar 970 and 972 at Orléans, Loiret, Orléanais, France, son of Hughes II, King de France (784) and Adélaïde de Poitiers (785), Some sources indicate that Robert II was born in the year 972 while other indicate the date 27 March 970 which would make his birth some three months after his father, Hughes Capet's, marriage to his mother, Adélaïde. Married before 984 at France: Constance de Provence (1271),, daughter of Guillaume I/II, Count de Provence (1993) and Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou (1453) (Constance was Robert II's third wife. Constance would immediately satisfy Robert's needs for a male heir by giving him four boys, but her cruelty [when Constance spotted one of her mentors accused of heresy opn his way to the pyre to be burned alive, she stepped up to him and pierced one of his eyes with the pinof her corsage] and Southern ways would alienated and antagonize the Court. The couple remained married beyond 1010, after Robert had been persuaded by Pope Sergius IV not to divorce Constance, but continued to quarrel until Robert's death. Hughes, their eldest son, was crowned in 1017, but died in 1025. The next son, Henry, was Robert's choice, but Constance favored their third son, Robert and fomented rebellions in his favor). Married in 989: Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy (2062),, daughter of Bérenger II, King of Italy (2063) and Willa d'Arles (2064) (It is considered a strange idea on the part of Hughes that his young son should marry a woman who was some 32-years [some say she was even 37 years] older than Robert. In 988, she had become the widow of Arnoul II de Flandre. She is quite pretty but has "troubling" black eyes, but most importantly, she brings as dowry Montreuil-sur-Mer. This will allow the capetian sovereigns to have access to the French Channel). Repudiated: Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy (2062) in 992 at France Robert II repudiated his wife because she was "an old woman", but he would keep the dowry of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Note - between 0996 and 1031: Robert II became King of France upon the death of his father on 24 October 996. In 1000, Angers is destroyed by fire. When the King's Uncle, Henri, Duke of Burgundy died without heir in 1002. Married in 997 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne (2175),, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne (2176) and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France (2177) (Robert had made Berthe, the beautiful widow of the Count of Anjou, his mistress in 996. But because it was better to sin a little bit than to sin a lot, he married her as King. They are related in the third degree, and Robert is the godfather of one of Berthe's children. This spiritual relationship makes the marriage incestuous in the eyes of the Church. In 998, the Council, called by then Pope Gregory V, stipulates that Robert should leave Berthe forever, and do penance for 7 years in accordance with the laws of the Church. In the midst of the deliberations, Gregory V dies and is replaced by Pope Sylvester II who is none other than the Monk, Gerbert, ancient mentor of the King. However, while the pronouncement of an anathema is lifted, the excommunication is maintained. In 1001, Robert concedes. Two years later, in 1003, he marries Constance. That same year on 7 February 1003, the old Queen Suzanne died). Repudiated: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne (2175) between 1001 and 1003. Died: on 20 Jul 1031 at Meulun, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de-France, France, Robert II is buried at Saint Denis.

855. Constance10 de Provence (1271) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 114.) (Hallam, Page 73.) (Stuart, Page 236, Line 333-34.). Married Name: de France (1271). AKA: Constance d'Arles (1271). AKA: Constance de Toulouse (1271). Note -: Constance was an imperious and unscrupulous woman who polarized the French court into two factions: one favoring herself and the Angevin faction, the other Bertha and her sons. Soon after the death of RobertLe Pieux in 1031, Constance seized on behalf of her son and favorite Robert the towns and castles of Senlis, Sens, Béthisy, Dammartin, Le Puiset, Melun and Poissy. She bought the support of Odo II of Blois by handing over half of Sens to him. Henry, the designated and crowned heir to the thronefled for assistance to Robert the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy, and obtained help from Gulk de Nerra as well. Thus, Henry was able to regain Poissy, Le Puiset, and Constance surrendered to him. Her first cousin, Fulk Nerra had Hugues, Count de Beauvais (one of Bertha's sons) assassinated in 1008. In 1010, the King tried to divorce Constance, but was dissuaded from this by Pope Sergius IV. Born: before 970 at Anjou, France, daughter of Guillaume I/II, Count de Provence (1993) and Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou (1453). Married before 984 at France: Robert II, King de France (1270),, son of Hughes II, King de France (784) and Adélaïde de Poitiers (785) (Constance was Robert II's third wife. Constance would immediately satisfy Robert's needs for a male heir by giving him four boys, but her cruelty [when Constance spotted one of her mentors accused of heresy opn his way to the pyre to be burned alive, she stepped up to him and pierced one of his eyes with the pin of her corsage] and Southern ways would alienated and antagonize the Court. The couple remained married beyond 1010, after Robert had been persuaded by Pope Sergius IV not to divorce Constance, but continued to quarrel until Robert's death. Hughes, their eldest son, was crowned in 1017, but died in 1025. The next son, Henry, was Robert's choice, but Constance favored their third son, Robert and fomented rebellions in his favor). Died: on 25 Jul 1032 at Meulan, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de-France, France (Stuart, Page 236.). Buried: on 28 Jul 1032.

864. Baudouin V, Comte10 de Flandre (1279) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 103, Line 141-32.). AKA: Baudouin, Regent de France (1279). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Pieux" (1279) (von Redlich, Page 183.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Débonnaire" (1279) (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Baudouin V de Lille (1279) (Stuart, Page 103.). Born: circa 1013 at Flandre, Belgium, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066). Married in 1028 at France: Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278),, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Note - between 1060 and 1067 at France: Baudouin V was the Regent of France from 1060 to 1067. Died: on 1 Sep 1067 at Lille, Nord, Flandre, France.

865. Adèle=Alix, Princess10 de France (1278) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 140-32.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Ear Roberts "Capet" posted on 4 October 1995 at 14:33 hours.). AKA: Adélaïde, Countess de Contenance (1278). Married Name: de Normandie (1278). Married Name: de Flandre (1278). Born: in 1009, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271), Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix was born in 1012. Married in Jan 1027 at France: Richard III, Duke de Normandie (17721),, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married in 1028 at France: Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279),, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Died: on 8 Jan 1079 at Messina, Messina, Sicily, Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix died in 1063.

866. Rainier V/VI, Count10 de Hainaut (2013) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115.). Born: before 1000 at Belgium, son of Raynier V, Count de Hainaut (1269) and Hadwige Capet, Princesse de France (1268), Rainier VI is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when he married Mathilde. Married in 1015: Mahaut d'Ardenne (2014),, daughter of Herman d'Ardenne (2015) and Mathilde de Dabo (2016). Died: after 1039 Rainier VI was alive in the year 1039.

867. Mahaut10 d'Ardenne (2014) (André Roux: Scrolls, 115.). Married Name: de Hainaut (2014). Born: before 1005, daughter of Herman d'Ardenne (2015) and Mathilde de Dabo (2016), Mahaut is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Rainier VI. Married in 1015: Rainier V/VI, Count de Hainaut (2013),, son of Raynier V, Count de Hainaut (1269) and Hadwige Capet, Princesse de France (1268).

868. Lambert II dit Baudry, Count10 de Louvain (4183) (André Roux: Scrolls, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 49, Line 68-33.). AKA: Lambert II, Count de Bruxelles (4183). Born: circa 990, son of Lambert I, Count de Louvain (3825) and Gerberge de Lorraine (3824). Married before 1020: Ode de Lorraine (4182),, daughter of Gozelon I, Duke de Lorraine (3964) and N? N? (3965). Died: circa 21 Sep 1062 Lambert II is buried at Nivelles, France.

869. Ode10 de Lorraine (4182) (André Roux: Scrolls, 217, 253.) (Stuart, Page 79, Line 104-33.). Married Name: de Louvain (4182). Born: before 1005 at Lorraine, France, daughter of Gozelon I, Duke de Lorraine (3964) and N? N? (3965), Ode is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Henri II was born. Married before 1020: Lambert II dit Baudry, Count de Louvain (4183),, son of Lambert I, Count de Louvain (3825) and Gerberge de Lorraine (3824). Died: on 23 Oct 1047.

870. Eberhard, Count10 de Béthune (7668) (Stuart, Page 269, Line 389-33.). Born: before 1018, son of Godizo, Count de Béthune (7670) and Berthe=Bave N? (7671). Married before 1045: N? N? (7669).

871. N?10 N? (7669). Married before 1045: Eberhard, Count de Béthune (7668),, son of Godizo, Count de Béthune (7670) and Berthe=Bave N? (7671).

872. Gérard II, Count10 de Teisterbant (7943) (Stuart, Page 87, Line 119-33.). AKA: Gérard=Dietrich Flamens (7943). AKA: Gerhard II von Wassenburg (7943). Born: before 1023 at Lorraine, France, son of Gerhard I von Wassenburg (14233) and N? N? (14234), Gérard was alive in the year1033, and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Dietrich was born. Married before 1038: N? N? (7944). Occupation: before 1060 Gérard was a vassal of the Bishop of Utrech. Died: in 1082 Gérard was alive in the year 1053.

873. N?10 N? (7944). Married before 1038: Gérard II, Count de Teisterbant (7943),, son of Gerhard I von Wassenburg (14233) and N? N? (14234).

876. Guillaume III, Comte10 de Poitou (6452) (Stuart, Page 66, Line 88-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (Abbott, Pages 303, 402.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Grand" (6452). AKA: Guillaume V, Duke d'Aquitaine (6452). Born: circa 969, son of Guillaume IV, Duke d'Aquitaine (3785) and Emma de Blois (3778) (Stuart.). Married circa 997: Almodis=Adèle de Gévaudan (11358),, daughter of Étienne, Comte de Gévaudan (2497) and Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou (1453) (Almodis was Guillaume III/V's first wife). Married in 1011: Sanche de Gascogne (17690),, daughter of Garcia I, Count de Castile (4473) and Sancha Abba de Ribagorza (4474) (Sanche was Guillaume III's second wife). Married in 1019: Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453),, daughter of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391) (Guillaume's marriageto Agnès was his third). Died: on 31 Jan 1030 Guillaume died a monk (Stuart.).

877. Agnès, Princess10 de Lombardie (6453) (Stuart, Page 117, Line 161-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). AKA: Agnès de Bourgogne (6453). Married Name: d'Anjou (6453). Born: circa 995 at Lombardie, Italy, daughter of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391) (Stuart, Page 117.). Married in 1019: Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452),, son of Guillaume IV, Duke d'Aquitaine (3785) and Emma de Blois (3778) (Guillaume's marriage to Agnès was his third). Married in 1032 at France: Geoffroi II, Count d'Anjou (10331),, son of Foulques III, Count d'Anjou (2036) and Hildegarde de Metz (2926) (Geoffroi II was Agnès' second husband). Died: on 10 Nov 1068 at Italy (Stuart, Page117.).

878. Adalbert III, Count10 de Longwy (8197) (Stuart, Page 80, Line 105-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Lorraine", 10 July 1995 at 13:24 Hours.). AKA: Adalbert III, Duke de Lorraine (8197) Adalbert III was Duke of Upper Lorraine, 1047-1048 (Abbott, Page 541.). Born: circa 1000 at France, son of Gérard III, Count d'Alsace (3213) and Gisèle de Metz (3214). Married before 1024: Clémence de Foix (15587),, daughter of Bernard I, Count de Foix (6797) and Gersinde de Bigorre (6798). PaterAlter circa 1035 Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197)/Étiennette de Barcelone (2393) (an unknown value).Died: in 1048 at Thuin, Hainaut, Belgium.

879. Clémence10 de Foix (15587) (Stuart, Page 80, Line 105-33.). Married Name: de Longwy (15587). Born: before 1010, daughter of Bernard I, Countde Foix (6797) and Gersinde de Bigorre (6798), Clémence is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her dauther, Ermessinde, was born. Married before 1024: Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197),, son of Gérard III, Count d'Alsace (3213) and Gisèle de Metz (3214). MaterAlter: circa1035 Étiennette de Barcelone (2393)/Clémence de Foix (15587).

880. Albert=Adalbert I, Count10 de Namur (3823) (André Roux: Scrolls, 193, 197, 217.) (Stuart, Page 274, Line 403-35.). Born: before 980 at Belgium, son of Ratbode=Robert I, Count de Namur (3961) and Ermengarde de Lorraine (3962), Albert I is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Ermengarde. Married in 990: Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude de Lorraine (3822),, daughter of Charles, Prince de France (3717) and Bonne=Adélaïde d'Ardenne (3728). Died: in 1010.

881. Ermengarde=Adélaïde=Ermentrude10 de Lorraine (3822) (André Roux: Scrolls, 193, 197, 217.) (Stuart, Page 88, Line 120-34.). Born: between 0970 and 0975, daughter of Charles, Prince de France (3717) and Bonne=Adélaïde d'Ardenne (3728). Married in 990: Albert=Adalbert I, Count de Namur (3823),, son of Ratbode=Robert I, Count de Namur (3961) and Ermengarde de Lorraine (3962). Died: in 1019.

882. Gozelon I, Duke10 de Lorraine (3964) (André Roux: Scrolls, 197.) (Stuart, Page 79, Line 104-34.). AKA: Gozelon I, Margrave of Antwerp (3964). AKA: Gozelon I, Count de Verdun (3964). Born: circa 967, son of Godfrey, Count de Verdun (7243) and Mahaut=Mathilda de Saxe (2058). Married before 994: N? N? (3965). Died: on 19 Apr 1044.

883. N?10 N? (3965). Married before 994: Gozelon I, Duke de Lorraine (3964),, son of Godfrey, Count de Verdun (7243) and Mahaut=Mathilda de Saxe(2058).

884. Bernard I, Duke10 de Saxe (7947) (Stuart, Page 223, Line 312-35.). AKA: Benno Billung (7947). Born: circa 940, son of Hermann, Duke de Saxe (2059) and Hildegarde von Westerburg (2060). Married circa 990: Hildegarde von Stade (7948),, daughter of Henry von Stade (8251) and Hildegarde

von Rheinhausen (8252). Died: on 9 Feb 1011 at Corivey Bernard I is buried at Michaeliski in Luxembourg.

885. Hildegarde10 von Stade (7948) (Stuart, Page 215, Line 301-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 6 July 1994 @ 18:40 Hours.). Married Name: de Saxe (7948). Born: between 0974 and 0976, daughter of Henry von Stade (8251) and Hildegarde von Rheinhausen (8252). Married circa 990: Bernard I, Duke de Saxe (7947),, son of Hermann, Duke de Saxe (2059) and Hildegarde von Westerburg (2060). Died: on 3 Oct 1011 Hildegarde is buried at Michaeliski in Luxemburg.

886. Harold II, King of10 Norway (7250) (Stuart, Page 151, Line 204-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 31 July 1994 at 20:40 Hours.). AKA: Harold Eiriksson (7250). Also Known As: Harold "Greypelt" (7250). Born: in 914 at Norway, son of Eric I, King of Norway (7252) and Gunhild of Denmark (7253). Note - between 0960 and 0965 at Norway: Harold II was King of Norway (960-965). Married before 970: N? N? (7251). Died: in 970 Harold II was killed. Some sources indicate he died in 973.

887. N?10 N? (7251). Married before 970: Harold II, King of Norway (7250),, son of Eric I, King of Norway (7252) and Gunhild of Denmark (7253).

888. Frédéric I, Count10 de Luxembourg (2067) (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 200.) (Stuart, Page 247.). AKA: Frédéric I, comte de Moselgau (2067) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: circa 965, son of Sigefroy, Count de Luxembourg (3992) and Hedvige d'Alsace (3993). Married between 0985 and 0995: Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg(2068),, daughter of Heribert, Count von Gleiberg (3990) and Ermentrude von Avalgau (3991). Died: on 6 Oct 1019.

889. Ermentrude, Countess10 von Gleiberg (2068) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-35.). Married Name: de Luxembourg (2068). AKA: Irmentrude Konradiner (2068). Born: before 975, daughter of Heribert, Count von Gleiberg (3990) and Ermentrude von Avalgau (3991), Ermentrude is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Frédérick I. Married between 0985 and 0995: Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg (2067),, son of Sigefroy, Count de Luxembourg (3992) and Hedvige d'Alsace (3993).

892. Guillaume III, Comte10 de Poitou (6452) (Stuart, Page 66, Line 88-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (Abbott, Pages 303, 402.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Grand" (6452). AKA: Guillaume V, Duke d'Aquitaine (6452). Born: circa 969, son of Guillaume IV, Duke d'Aquitaine (3785) and Emma de Blois (3778) (Stuart.). Married circa 997: Almodis=Adèle de Gévaudan (11358),, daughter of Étienne, Comte de Gévaudan (2497) and Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou (1453) (Almodis was Guillaume III/V's first wife). Married in 1011: Sanche de Gascogne (17690),, daughter of Garcia I, Count de Castile (4473) and Sancha Abba de Ribagorza (4474) (Sanche was Guillaume III's second wife). Married in 1019: Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453),, daughter of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391) (Guillaume's marriageto Agnès was his third). Died: on 31 Jan 1030 Guillaume died a monk (Stuart.).

893. Agnès, Princess10 de Lombardie (6453) (Stuart, Page 117, Line 161-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). AKA: Agnès de Bourgogne (6453). Married Name: d'Anjou (6453). Born: circa 995 at Lombardie, Italy, daughter of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391) (Stuart, Page 117.). Married in 1019: Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452),, son of Guillaume IV, Duke d'Aquitaine (3785) and Emma de Blois (3778) (Guillaume's marriage to Agnès was his third). Married in 1032 at France: Geoffroi II, Count d'Anjou (10331),, son of Foulques III, Count d'Anjou (2036) and Hildegarde de Metz (2926) (Geoffroi II was Agnès' second husband). Died: on 10 Nov 1068 at Italy (Stuart, Page117.).

894. Adalbert III, Count10 de Longwy (8197) (Stuart, Page 80, Line 105-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Lorraine", 10 July 1995 at 13:24 Hours.). AKA: Adalbert III, Duke de Lorraine (8197) Adalbert III was Duke of Upper Lorraine, 1047-1048 (Abbott, Page 541.). Born: circa 1000 at France, son of Gérard III, Count d'Alsace (3213) and Gisèle de Metz (3214). Married before 1024: Clémence de Foix (15587),, daughter of Bernard I, Count de Foix (6797) and Gersinde de Bigorre (6798). PaterAlter circa 1035 Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197)/Étiennette de Barcelone (2393) (an unknown value).Died: in 1048 at Thuin, Hainaut, Belgium.

895. Clémence10 de Foix (15587) (Stuart, Page 80, Line 105-33.). Married Name: de Longwy (15587). Born: before 1010, daughter of Bernard I, Countde Foix (6797) and Gersinde de Bigorre (6798), Clémence is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her dauther, Ermessinde, was born. Married before 1024: Adalbert III, Count de Longwy (8197),, son of Gérard III, Count d'Alsace (3213) and Gisèle de Metz (3214). MaterAlter: circa1035 Étiennette de Barcelone (2393)/Clémence de Foix (15587).

896. Robert, Duke10 de Bourgogne (1274) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 116.) (Stuart, Page 113, Line 154-33.) (Castelot, Tome 2, Page 490.) (Abbott, Page 198.). Also Known As: Robert "Le Vieux" (1274). AKA: Robert, Prince de France (1274). Born: in 1011 at France, son of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271). Married in 1033: Hélie de Semur (1275),, daughter of Dalmace, Sire de Semur (2020) and Aremburge de Vergy (2021) (Robert and Hélie were alive together in the year 1042. Robert was alive in the year 1043). Repudiated: Hélie de Semur (1275) in 1046. Married in 1048: Ermengarde d'Anjou (2927),, daughter of Foulques III, Count d'Anjou (2036) and Hildegarde de Metz (2926). Died: on 21 Mar 1076 at Fleury-sur-Ouche, Normandie, France.

897. Hélie10 de Semur (1275) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 116, 130.) (Stuart, Page 63, Line 85-31.). AKA: Alice, Dame de Semur (1275) (Abbott, Page 206.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (1275). AKA: Éléanor de Semur-en-Auxerre (1275). Born: in 1016 at Semur, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, daughter of Dalmace, Sire de Semur (2020) and Aremburge de Vergy (2021). Married in 1033: Robert, Duke de Bourgogne (1274),, son of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271) (Robert and Hélie were alive together in the year 1042. Robert was alive in the year 1043). Repudiated: Robert, Duke de Bourgogne (1274) in 1046. Died: on 22 Apr 1056.

898. Renaud I, Comte10 de Bourgogne (2032) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Abbott, Pages 504 - 505.). AKA: Raymond de Mâcon (2032) (Abbott, Page 213.). Born: in 990 at France, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033),, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Died: on 3 Sep 1057 at France.

899. Adélise=Judith10 de Normandie (2033) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (2033). Born: circa 1002 at Normandie, France, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married

before 1 Sep 1016: Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032),, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Died: after 1 Jul 1037 (Stuart, Page 135.).

900. Renaud I, Comte10 de Bourgogne (2032) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Abbott, Pages 504 - 505.). AKA: Raymond de Mâcon (2032) (Abbott, Page 213.). Born: in 990 at France, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033),, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Died: on 3 Sep 1057 at France.

901. Adélise=Judith10 de Normandie (2033) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (2033). Born: circa 1002 at Normandie, France, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032),, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Died: after 1 Jul 1037 (Stuart, Page 135.).

902. Raymond II, Count10 de Barcelone (2394) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Born: before 1020 at Spain Raymond II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Sancha de Navarre (2395).

903. Sancha10 de Navarre (2395) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Barcelone (2395). Born: before 1020 at Spain Sanche=Sancha is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394).

904. Ebles I, Vicomte10 de Comborn (2420) (André Roux: Scrolls, 125, 149.) (Stuart, Page 114, Line 156-32.) (Abbott, Page 432.). AKA: Ebles, Vicomte de Ventadour (2420) (Abbott, Page 438, 439.). AKA: Ebles, Vicomte de Turenne (2420) (Abbott, Page 438.). Born: circa 954 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Orléanais, France, son of Archambaud I, Vicomte de Comborn (2419) and Sulpicie de Turenne (2417). Married circa 995: Béatrix de Normandie (2421),, daughter of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549) (Béatrix was Ebles I's first wife). Divorced Béatrix de Normandie (2421): before 1028. Married before 1029 at France: Pétronille N? (13204) (Pétronille was Ebles I's second wife and they had no issue). Died: in 1030.

905. Béatrix10 de Normandie (2421) (André Roux: Scrolls, 125, 136, 149.). Married Name: de Comborn (2421). Born: before 985 at France, daughter of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549), Béatrix is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Guillaume, was born. Married circa 995: Ebles I, Vicomte de Comborn (2420),, son of Archambaud I, Vicomte de Comborn (2419) and Sulpicie de Turenne (2417) (Béatrix was Ebles I's first wife). Divorced Ebles I, Vicomte de Comborn (2420): before 1028. Died: on 18 Jan 1035.

912. Eudes II, Count10 de Blois (2178) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121, 122, 128.) (Stuart, Page 97, Line 133-33.) (Hallam, Page 73.). AKA: Eudes, Châtelain de Beauvais (2178) (Abbott, Pages 30 - 31.). AKA: Eudes II, Count de Champagne (2178). Also Known As: Eudes "Le Grand" (2178). Also Known As: Eudes "Le Champenois" (2178). AKA: Eudes II, Comte de Troyes (2178). AKA: Eudes II, Count de Chartres (2178). AKA: Eudes II, Count de Tours (2178). AKA: Eudes II, Comte de Sancerre (2178). Born: before 971 at Champagne, France, son of Eudes I, Count de Blois (2174) and Princess Berthe de Bourgogne (2175), Eudes II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Étienne I was born. Married circa984: Mathilde de Normandie (2179),, daughter of Richard I, Duke de Normandie (550) and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (549). Note - between 1015 and 1037: Eudes II was Count de Blois in 1015, and Count de Champagne in 1019.Helped by the strong intermittent attachment of Robert Le Pieux King of France to his mother Berthe de la Haute Bourgogne, Eudes II began to assemble a conglomeration of lands, later setting his sights on the Kingdom of Burgundy. In 1004, he added the Champagne lands around Reims and Provins to Blois, Tours, Chartres and Vendôme. In 1031, his support for Constance, widow of Robert Le Pieux was bought when she handed him half ofSens. He became a staunch agressor against King Henry I. Eudes II ceded the Countship of Beauvais to the bishop and the regalian rights thenceforth remained with the bishops, being as elsewhere, gradually taken over by the King.In 1037, while fighting in Lorraine, he was killed, and his lands were divided among his two sons: Theobald I who took Blois, and Stephen (Étienne) who was given Troyes and Meaux. The two sons now also took the part of Odo, King Henry's youngest brother who had been left landless, against the King himself. The King was victorious: Odo was captured, Stephen defeated and his ally, the Count of Vermandois was imprisoned. Married in 1020: Ermengarde d'Auvergne (2180),, daughter of Robert II, Count d'Auvergne (1996) and Hermengarde de Provence (1995) (Ermengarde was Eudes II's second wife). Died: on 15 Nov 1037 (Stuart, Page 97.).

913. Ermengarde10 d'Auvergne (2180) (André Roux: Scrolls, 121, 128.). Married Name: de Blois (2180). MaterAlter: circa 986 Étienne I, Count de Meaux (3909)/Ermengarde d'Auvergne (2180). Born: circa 1006, daughter of Robert II, Count d'Auvergne (1996) and Hermengarde de Provence (1995). Married in 1020: Eudes II, Count de Blois (2178),, son of Eudes I, Count de Blois (2174) and Princess Berthe de Bourgogne (2175) (Ermengarde was Eudes II's second wife). Died: circa 1042 Ermengarde was alive in the year 1033.

914. Herbert I, Count10 du Maine (4401) (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-32.) (Abbott, Page 130.). Also Known As: Herbert "Éveille-Chiens" (4401). Born: circa 978 at France, son of Hughes III, Count du Maine (4399) and N? de Guiscard (4400) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married before 1010: N? N? (4402). Note - in 1016: Herbert "Wake Dog", successor of Hugh III was obliged to fight against Odo of Blois at Pontlevoy in 1016 on behalf of his overlord, Fulk IV of Anjou (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 192.). Died: on 13 Apr 1036.

915. N?10 N? (4402). Married before 1010: Herbert I, Count du Maine (4401),, son of Hughes III, Count du Maine (4399) and N? de Guiscard (4400).

916. Robert II, Count10 d'Exmes (2987) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Also Known As: Robert "Le Diable" (2987). AKA: Robert I, Duke de Normandie (2987). Also Known As: Robert "Le Magnifique" (2987) (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: circa 1000 at Normandie, France, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Significant-Other: Arlette de Mortain (2559) between 1026 and 1027 at Rouen, France, - Duke Robert "Le Magnifique", only recently Duke of Normandy, met Arletta, normand daughter of a humble resident of Falaise. If one is to believe the calumnious English legend, the Duke noticed her as she was dancing in a public square of Rouen. Note - between 1028 and 1035: Duke of Normandie (1028-1035), Robert II was poisoned during an elegant pilgrimage to the Holy

Land. While making preparations in January, 1035, Robert presented his son, through his concubine Arletta, William as heir. Gilbert de Brionne would be charged to look after the child who was only 8 years of age. Died: on 2 Jul 1035 at Nicée, Bithynia, Holy Land, Turkey, Robert II, Duke de Normandie, died after having asked his followers to support his son. However, the Summer saw local wars burst throughout the Duchy.

917. Arlette10 de Mortain (2559) (André Roux: Scrolls, 132, 149.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1022.html as of 1 November 1998.). Married Name: de Conteville (2559). Married Name: d'Exmes (2559). AKA:Harlette = Herleva de Falaise (2559) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1021.html as of 1 November 1998.). Note - circa 1003: In two notes, G.H. White, who used Marx's Edition of the "Gesta" containing the correct Latin text of Orderic, denied this interpretation. According to him, there is no evidence for Freeman's testimony that Herleva's father was a tanner, and he concludes: 'As pollinctores were the people who prepared corpses for burial, this [William being called a skinner or furrier] is obscure ... Notwithstanding White's arguments, the two recent biographers of the Conqueror, D.C. Douglas and M. de Bouard, preferred the tanner story. What makes the assessment of Orderic's interpolation even more complicated is the fact that the mockery must have occurred in French and not in Latin. The inhabitants of Alençon, like Duke William, spoke French. The event most probablywas preserved by memory and oral tradition and was not rendered into Latin until the beginning of the 12th. Century. Then Orderic faced the task of choosing the appropriate Latin equivalents of the spoken French words which are now lost. Trying to recontruct the reality of the 1051 - 1052 mockery at Alençon as well as finding an explanation for the use of pollinctor, it is worth looking at the French adaptations of the "Gesta" written in the second halfof the 12th. Century. How did Wace and Benoit translate this passage in their "Roman de Rou" [1155 - 1174], and the "Chronique des ducs de Normandie" [1174 - 1180]. Unfortunately, both poets skillfully avoided the word pollinctor and do not mention the beating of the pelts and furs. Instead, they elaborately digress on Duke William being called parmentier [Wace] and peletier [Benoit], each therefore offering a different translation of pelliciarius. It is clear from their text that they consider such a person involved in the trade of pelts, skins and furs. But which trade? Parmentier, used by Wace, means skinner, furrier or tanner; a more rare meaning is tailor; and yet, A. Holden, the most recent Editor of the "Roman de Rou", thinks that tailor is the correct rendering here. To explain the discrepancy between the original Latin of Orderic and Wace's adaptation, Holden suggests that Wacemight record another tradition of the Alençon insult than the one written down by Orderic. Benoit leaves no doubt whatsoever as to his meaning peletier.For him, a pelliciarius is a tailor. He even embroiders this interpretation by referring to the tailor's needle and thread. But he did not wholly understand the Latin or the ridicule. According to his "Chronique", the inhabitants of Alençon, while insulting the Duke, beat the lower and upper parts of their backs and not pelts or furs. This is a misinterpretation of the Latin where the word "renones" [pelts or furs] is confused with "renes" [loins, backs]. It may be clear that neither Wace nor Benoit were familiar with the word "pollinctor" and that they did not understand the nature of the mockery. They hung on to the fact that the Duke was insulted by the reference to his grandfather's trade, which for Wace was that of a skinner or furrier, and for Benoit that of a tailor. Although neither of the two poets is very helpful for the meaning of the word "pollinctor", Wace's account might give a clue as to the original French of the Joke which the Duke found so offensive. The French for skin, according to Wace, is "la pel". In the masculin "le pel" the word means stake, pallisade, or wall. Bearing in mind, it is conceivable that the defenders of Alençon were making a pun by shouting "the walls, the walls" to the Duke [the pelterer]. But more probably, the pelts or skins did not refer to animals, but to human corpses. "Pellis" in Latin, and "la pel" in old French, can both indicate animal as well as human skin. I suggest that the mockery was insulting because Duke William's grandfather had been a pollinctor in the only known sense of the word, that is, a person who prepares corpses for burial, an undertaker or even an embalmer. As such, the father of Herleva naturally would have dealt with skins, not however with those of animals, but of human beings. The people of Alençon could not possibly have referred to this profession by beating human corpses or skins, so they therefore used pelts. In French, they shouted 'Pelterer' and Orderic translated this as pelliciarius, thereby preserving the double meaning. He still knew the nature of the insults and the real occupation of Herleva's father; whereas, half a century later, neither Wace nor Benoit seem to have been aware of the real facts. Our knowledge of persons who laid out bodies in medieval Normandyis extremely limited.See also note for Fulbert's Occupation (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Posted by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] in Subject "Herleva de Falaise" on 23 March 1996 at 00:39 Hours.). Born: circa 1003 at Falaise, Calvados, Normandie, France, daughter of Fulbert de Falaise (4811) and Dode N? (4812), Michael Welch cites an article "The Origins of Herleva, Mother of William the Conqueror": There is a persistent tradition in Anglo-Norman historiography that William the Conqueror's mother Herleva, was the daughter of Fulbert, a tanner from Falaise. This tanner story emerged in the second half of the Twelfth Century as a result of a misinterpretation of Latin used to describe Herleva's background. The earliest substantial information about Herleva derives from Orderic Vitalis in his interpolated version of "Gesta Normannorum Ducum" written 1109 - 1113. He refers to her several times, but these passages are difficult to interpret. In a lively but enigmatic description of the Seige of Alençon in 1051 - 1052, William of Jumièges the original author of the "Gesta" [1070 - 1071] writes that Duke William was insulted by its inhabitants and that he ordered that his mockers should have their hands and feet cut off. The nature of the offense is not stated by the ducal chronicler. Forty years later, Orderic Vitalis proved to be less fastidious. According to his interpolation, the first part of which occurs in the margin of his autographed manuscript, thirty-two of the mockers were crippled. For the people of Alençon beat pelts and furs in order to insult the Duke and despisingly called him "pelliciarus [pelterer] because his maternal parentes [parents or kinsman] had been Pollinctores. Pelliciarius means "pelterer" - a person who is involved in the trade of pelts, skins and furs. The parentes are commonly interpreted as parents and therefore this sentence is supposed to contain a reference to Herleva's father. This is very likely, although we must allow the possibility that kinsmen, and thus Herleva's family, in a wider sense is meant. The greatest difficulty, however, lies in the translation and interpretation of the word "pollinctor". In classical Latin, pollinctor is a person who prepares a corpse for burial. The word is not uncommon in the Middle Ages and all examples indicate the same sense as in classical Latin. Orderic Vitalis used it a second time in his description of William the Conqueror's burial in the "Historia Ecclesiastica", where pollinctores are said to have laid the king's corpse. In the Alençon context, however,at first sight the word seems to make no sense at all. The more than thirty manuscripts of the "Gesta" containing Orderic's passage give the word pollinctor correctly. So it looks as if all scribes recognized it, and even if they did not know the meaning, they copied it without making mistakes. The first variant reading emerged in the 17th. Century, when William Camden [1602] edited the "Gesta". Both give pelliciarii instead of pollinctores, although as far as I know, there is no manuscript evidence for this reading. As a result of these editions, historians thence assumed that Duke William had been insulted by being called a tanner -- the translation given for pelliciarius by, among others, E.A. Freeman - in consequence of the fact that his maternal grandfather had been a member of that profession (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Posted by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] in Subject "Herleva de Falaise" on 23 March 1996 at 00:39 Hours.). Significant-Other: Robert II, Count d'Exmes (2987) between 1026 and 1027 at Rouen, France,- Duke Robert "Le Magnifique", only recently Duke of Normandy, met Arletta, normand daughter of a humble resident of Falaise. If one is to believe the calumnious English legend, the Duke noticed her as she was dancing in a public square of Rouen. Married circa 1028 at Normandie, France: Herluin=Herlevin, Vicomte de Conteville (2560),, son of Jean de Conteville (6726) and N? N? (6727). Died: after 1040 at Mortain, Normandie, France.

918. Baudouin V, Comte10 de Flandre (1279) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 103, Line 141-32.). AKA: Baudouin, Regent de France (1279). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Pieux" (1279) (von Redlich, Page 183.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Débonnaire" (1279) (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Baudouin V de Lille (1279) (Stuart, Page 103.). Born: circa 1013 at Flandre, Belgium, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066). Married in 1028 at France: Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (1278),, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270)

and Constance de Provence (1271) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Note - between 1060 and 1067 at France: Baudouin V was the Regent of France from 1060 to 1067. Died: on 1 Sep 1067 at Lille, Nord, Flandre, France.

919. Adèle=Alix, Princess10 de France (1278) (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 140-32.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Ear Roberts "Capet" posted on 4 October 1995 at 14:33 hours.). AKA: Adélaïde, Countess de Contenance (1278). Married Name: de Normandie (1278). Married Name: de Flandre (1278). Born: in 1009, daughter of Robert II, King de France (1270) and Constance de Provence (1271), Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix was born in 1012. Married in Jan 1027 at France: Richard III, Duke de Normandie (17721),, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married in 1028 at France: Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre (1279),, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre (2065) and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (2066) (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Died: on 8 Jan 1079 at Messina, Messina, Sicily, Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix died in 1063.

920. Siegfried, Count10 von Sponheim (7033) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995 at 15:14 Hours.). AKA: Siegfried, Count de Levanthal (7033) Levanthal in the Pusterthal. AKA: Siegdried de Carinthie (7033). Born: before 1013, son of N. von Sponheim (7025) and N. von Pusterthal (7026), Siegfried is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Richgard. Married before 1023: Richgard, Countess von Lavant (7034),, daughter of Engelbert, Count von Lavant (7403) and Luitgard d'Istrie (7404). Occupation: before 1065 Siegfried was Count of Carinthia zu Sonnesburg and Margrave of the Hungarian March. Died: on 5 Jul 1065 at Bulgaria Siegfried died on his return from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and may have been a crusader.

921. Richgard, Countess10 von Lavant (7034) (Stuart, Page 95, Line 129-33.). Married Name: von Sponheim (7034). AKA: Richgard von Nordtal (7034). AKA: Richgard von Inntal (7034). Born: before 1013, daughter of Engelbert, Count von Lavant (7403) and Luitgard d'Istrie (7404), Richgard is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Siegfried. Married before 1023: Siegfried, Count von Sponheim (7033),, son of N. von Sponheim (7025) and N. von Pusterthal (7026). Note - in 1039: Richgard was the heiress of the Countship of Lavant.

922. Bernhard10 von Flinsbach (7031) (Stuart, Page 167, Line 228-32.). Born: before 1025 Bernhard is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Hedwig was born. Married before 1040: Cécilia N? (7032).

923. Cécilia10 N? (7032) (Stuart, Page 167, Line 228-32.). Married Name: von Flinsbach (7032). Born: before 1025 Cécilia is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Hedwig was born. Married before 1040: Bernhard von Flinsbach (7031).

924. N.10 von Augstgau (7385) (Stuart, Page 94, Line 128-33.). Born: before 1057, son of Diepold I, Count von Augstgau (7393) and N? N? (7394), He is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Ulrich was born. Married before 1072: N? N? (7386).

925. N?10 N? (7386). Married before 1072: N. von Augstgau (7385),, son of Diepold I, Count von Augstgau (7393) and N? N? (7394).

926. Heinrich I, Count10 von Lechsgemuend (15783) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995, at 15:14 Hours.). Born: before 1055, son of Kuno I von Fratenhausen (7365) and Mathilde von Achalm (7366), Heinrich I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Heinrich II, wasborn. Married before 1072: Irmgard von Rott (15784),, daughter of Kuno von Rott (7720) and Uta von Diessen (7721). Died: in 1078 Heinrich I was killed in action (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.).

927. Irmgard10 von Rott (15784) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995, at 15:14 Hours.). Married Name: von Lechsgemuend (15784). Born: before 1058, daughter of Kuno von Rott (7720) and Uta von Diessen (7721), Irmgard is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when her husband, Heinrich I, was born. Married before 1072: Heinrich I, Count von Lechsgemuend (15783),, son of Kuno I von Fratenhausen (7365) and Mathilde von Achalm (7366).

928. Guigues VI, Count10 d'Albon (2460) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 13 March 1995 at 18:58 Hours.). AKA: Guigues VI, Sire de Vion (2460). Also Known As: Guigues "Le Vieux" (2460). AKA: Guigues VI, Count de Grenoble (2460). AKA: Guigues I, Comte d'Albon (2460) Guigues abdicated in 1057 (Abbott, Page 581.). Born: circa 1001 at Albon, Dauphiné, France, son of Guigues V, Count de Vienne (2458) and Gotelenne de Clérieux (2459), Some sources skip this generation. Married before 18 Oct 1013: Adélaïde=Alix de Beaujeu (2461),, daughter of Guichard I, Seigneur de Beaujeu (1757) and Adelmodis N? (27051). Married before 1063: Adélaïde de Maurienne (8739),, daughter of Odon dit Amé, Comte de Savoie (2111) and Adélaïde, Countess de Turin (2112). Died: on 22 Apr 1063 at Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, Guigues VI was a monk when he died (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-34.).

929. Adélaïde=Alix10 de Beaujeu (2461) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-34.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.). Married Name: d'Albon (2461). AKA: Venceline de Beaujeu (2461) Venceline was the only daughter of Adelmodis and Guichard (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome

Cinquème (Volume 5), MDCCCXXXVI (1836), De Damas, Page 14.). Born: in 976, daughter of Guichard I, Seigneur de Beaujeu (1757) and Adelmodis N? (27051). Married before 18 Oct 1013: Guigues VI, Count d'Albon (2460),, son of Guigues V, Count de Vienne (2458) and Gotelenne de Clérieux (2459).

930. N?10 d'Argental (26135) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=169859, 7 December 2008.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=169859, 7 December 2008.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=169859, 7 December 2008.). Born: in 1010, son of Artaud=Arnaud de Royans (6708) and Pétronille de Grenoble (6709) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=169859, 7 December 2008.). Married before 1034: N? N? (26136).

931. N?10 N? (26136). Married before 1034: N? d'Argental (26135),, son of Artaud=Arnaud de Royans (6708) and Pétronille de Grenoble (6709). Married Name: d'Argental (26136).

932. Edward Aetheling, Prince of10 England (6719) (Stuart, Page 172, Line 233-33.). Born: in 1016 at Wessex, England, son of Edmund II, King of England (7498) and Ealdgyth of Northumbria (7499). Married in 1043 at England: Agatha von Braunschweig (6720),, daughter of Ludwig von Braunschweig (7465) and Gertrude von Egisheim (7447) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Note - before 1045 at Hungary: When Edward's father, Edmund died in 1016, Knut I (Canut) worked to eliminate his rivals in Edmund's succession. Thus, Edward was exiled, first to Sweden, then Russia and then to Hungary and held lands in the Bérenger County, Hungary. Edward managed to return to England in 1057 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Robert Young [Prodigy ID# GCAW73D] under Subject "Edward the Exile" on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Services,on 27 December 1996 at 11:41 hours, citing athe current quarter's issue of the New England Historic & Genealogic Register.). Died: circa 1057 at London, England.

933. Agatha10 von Braunschweig (6720) (Stuart, Page 226, Line 318-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] inTopic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married Name: Agatha of England (6720). Born: circa 1025 at Bavaria, Germany, daughter of Ludwig von Braunschweig (7465) and Gertrude von Egisheim (7447), The parentage of Agatha has been under some discussion, though wife of Edward Aetheling she was. G. Andrews Moriarty, in an article in NEHGR, Vol. 106, Pages 52-60 (1952) explains two points of view -- Kingship with the Hungarian kings (as daughter of King Stephen), versus kinship with the German Emperors (Daughter of Liudolph, Margrave of West Friesland). ES, II:78, 1984 makes a case for the German affiliation. However, an article in NEHGR, Vol. 106, pages 52-60 goes through great lengths to demonstrate the Hungarian affiliation [courtesy of John Rosenberg [Prodigy ID#GMVH69A], personal communication, 17 November 1995 at 18:24 Hours. Information cited by Robert Young (posted on 27 December 1996 at 11:41 Hours) under Subject "Edward the Exile" indicates that an article in that quarter's issue of NEHGR suggests Agatha was the daughter of Jaroslav of Kiev, son of Vladimir I. MaterAlter: circa 1025 Ingigerd-Irene, Princess of Sweden (2700)/Agatha von Braunschweig (6720) (Genealogy BB of ProdigySvcs., posted by Robert Young [Prodigy ID# GCAW73D] under Subject "Edward the Exile" on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Services, on 27 December 1996 at 11:41 hours, citing athe current quarter's issue of the New England Historic & Genealogic Register.). PaterAlter circa1025 Agatha von Braunschweig (6720)/Stephen I, King of Hungary (12923) (an unknown value). MaterAlter: circa 1025 Gisela de Bavière (12922)/Agatha von Braunschweig (6720). PaterAlter circa 1025 Agatha von Braunschweig (6720)/Yaroslav, Grand Duke of Kiev (2699) (an unknown value) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Robert Young [Prodigy ID# GCAW73D] under Subject "Edward the Exile" on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Services, on 27 December 1996 at 11:41 hours, citing athe current quarter's issue of the New England Historic & Genealogic Register.). Married in 1043 at England: Edward Aetheling, Prince of England (6719),, son of Edmund II, King of England (7498) and Ealdgyth of Northumbria (7499) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Died: after 1066 at West Friesland.

934. Maldred, Lord of10 Carlyle (6711) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland; 460 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016: Facts on File, Inc., 1990,DA758.2.R67 1990), Pages 18, 36.). AKA: Maldred, Lord of Allerdale (6711). Born: in 1005 at England, son of Crinan, Mormaer of Athol (6713) and Bethoc=Béatrix, Princess of Scotland (6714). Married before 1045: Ealdgyth of Northumberland (6712),, daughter of Uhtred, Earl of Northumberland (9216) and Elgiva, Princess of England (9215). Died: in 1045.

935. Ealdgyth of10 Northumberland (6712) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.). Married Name: Carlyle (6712). Born: before 1030, daughter of Uhtred, Earlof Northumberland (9216) and Elgiva, Princess of England (9215), Ealdgyth is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter was born. Married before 1045: Maldred, Lord of Carlyle (6711),, son of Crinan, Mormaer of Athol (6713) and Bethoc=Béatrix, Princess of Scotland (6714).

936. Renaud I, Comte10 de Bourgogne (2032) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Abbott, Pages 504 - 505.). AKA: Raymond de Mâcon (2032) (Abbott, Page 213.). Born: in 990 at France, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033),, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Died: on 3 Sep 1057 at France.

937. Adélise=Judith10 de Normandie (2033) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (2033). Born: circa 1002 at Normandie, France, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032),, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Died: after 1 Jul 1037 (Stuart, Page 135.).

938. Raymond II, Count10 de Barcelone (2394) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Born: before 1020 at Spain Raymond II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Sancha de Navarre (2395).

939. Sancha10 de Navarre (2395) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Barcelone (2395). Born: before 1020 at Spain Sanche=Sancha is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394).

944. Otto, Marchio10 de Montiferratensis (17036) (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:44 Hours.). Born: before 1030, son of Guillaume I, Margrave de Ligurie (17038) and Wada N? (17039), Otto is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he became Marchio. Otto's parentage is not proven. Died: after 1040 Otto became "Marchio" in 1040. Married before 1079: N? N? (17037).

945. N?10 N? (17037). Married before 1079: Otto, Marchio de Montiferratensis (17036),, son of Guillaume I, Margrave de Ligurie (17038) and Wada N? (17039).

948. Renaud I, Comte10 de Bourgogne (2032) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Abbott, Pages 504 - 505.). AKA: Raymond de Mâcon (2032) (Abbott, Page 213.). Born: in 990 at France, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Adélise=Judith de Normandie (2033),, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Died: on 3 Sep 1057 at France.

949. Adélise=Judith10 de Normandie (2033) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 149.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (2033). Born: circa 1002 at Normandie, France, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie (2985) and Judith de Bretagne (2986). Married before 1 Sep 1016: Renaud I, Comte de Bourgogne (2032),, son of Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne (2390) and Ermentrude de Reims (2391). Died: after 1 Jul 1037 (Stuart, Page 135.).

950. Raymond II, Count10 de Barcelone (2394) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Born: before 1020 at Spain Raymond II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Sancha de Navarre (2395).

951. Sancha10 de Navarre (2395) (André Roux: Scrolls, 123.). Married Name: de Barcelone (2395). Born: before 1020 at Spain Sanche=Sancha is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Étiennette was born. Married before 1035: Raymond II, Count de Barcelone (2394).

952. Ernst, Margrave10 von Ostmark (19970) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Also Known As: Ernest "Le Vaillant" (19970) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 1027, son of Adalbert, Margrave von Ostmark (19965) and Adelheid N? (19967) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Married before 1049: Adelheid von Meissen (19971),, daughter of Dedi, Margrave von Meissen (19972) and N? N? (19973). Died: in 1075 Ernest was killed (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.).

953. Adelheid10 von Meissen (19971) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/witlsbc1.txt, 4 August 1996 at 03:30 hours.). Married Name: von Ostmark (19971). Born: before 1030, daughter of Dedi,Margrave von Meissen (19972) and N? N? (19973), Adelheid is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time her son, Leopold II, was born. Married before 1049: Ernst, Margrave von Ostmark (19970),, son of Adalbert, Margrave von Ostmark (19965) and Adelheid N? (19967).

954. Rapoto IV10 de Cham (7389). Born: before 1048, son of Diepold I, Count von Augstgau (7393) and N? N? (7394), Rapoto IV is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age when he his daughter, Isa, was born. Married before 1065: N. de Castile (7390),, daughter of Hermann I, Count von Kastl (7391) and Haziga von Diessen (7392). Died: in 1080.

955. N.10 de Castile (7390) (Stuart, Page 203, Line 279-32.). Married Name: de Cham (7390). Born: before 1050, daughter of Hermann I, Count von Kastl (7391) and Haziga von Diessen (7392). Married before 1065: Rapoto IV de Cham (7389),, son of Diepold I, Count von Augstgau (7393) and N? N? (7394).

956. Henry III, King of10 Germany (8590) (Stuart, Page 251, Line 359-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "Emperor Konrad", posted on 06 August 1995 at 21:38 Hours.). AKA: Henri III, Duke de Bavière (8590). AKA: Henri "Le Noir" (8590). AKA: Henri III, King de Bourgogne (8590). AKA: Henri III, Emperor de l'Occident (8590). AKA: Henry III, Emperor of the West (8590). AKA: Henri III, Duke de Souabe (8590). Born: on 28 Oct 1017, son of Conrad II, King ofGermany (8593) and Gisèle de Souabe (7458). Married in 1036 at Nimeguen, Guelders, Hollande: Gunhilda=Kunigund, Princess of England (9234),, daughter of Canute, King of England (9229) and Emma de Normandie (7462) (Gunhilda was frail and sickly and she had no male issue) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Kathlyn Tolliver [Prodigy ID# MUVZ44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Emma of Normandy", on 31 May 1998 at 23:57 Hours; citing Debrett's "Kings and Queens of England."). Note - between 1039 and 1046: Henry III was King of Burgundy in the year 1039. He was made King of Germany on 25 December 1046 and Emperor in 1046. Married on 21 Nov 1043: Agnès de Bourgogne (8591),, daughter of Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452) and Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453) (Agnès was Henry III's second wife, and he was her first husband). Died: on 5 Oct 1056 at Bodfeld Hartz, Germany, at age 38 Henry III is buried at Speyer.

957. Agnès10 de Bourgogne (8591) (Stuart, Page 118, Line 161-31.). Married Name: Germany (8591). AKA: Agnès de Poitou (8591). Born: circa 1020at France, daughter of Guillaume III, Comte de Poitou (6452) and Agnès, Princess de Lombardie (6453). Married on 21 Nov 1043: Henry III, King of Germany (8590),, son of Conrad II, King of Germany (8593) and Gisèle de Souabe (7458) (Agnès was Henry III's second wife, and he was her first husband). Died: on 14 Dec 1077 at Rome, Italy.

958. Odon dit Amé, Comte10 de Savoie (2111) (André Roux: Scrolls, 119.) (Stuart, Page 132, Line 173-33.) (Abbott, Page 644.). AKA: Otto I, Comte deMaurienne (2111). AKA: Odo, Margrave de Suse (2111). AKA: Odo, Comte de Chablais (2111). AKA: Odo, Margrave de Turin (2111). Born: circa 1020 at France, son of Humbert, Comte de Savoie (2107) and Ancilie du Valais (2108). Married in 1046: Adélaïde, Countess de Turin (2112),, daughterof Ulrich=Manfredo II, Marquis de Turin (2113) and Berthe d'Este (2114) (Odon was Adèlaïde's third husband). Died: on 1 Mar 1060 at Thonon, Chablais, Haute-Savoie, France.

959. Adélaïde, Countess10 de Turin (2112) (André Roux: Scrolls, 119.) (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-32.). Married Name: de Savoie (2112). AKA: Alix, Marquise de Suse (2112). Married Name: de Souabe (2112). Married Name: de Montferrat (2112). Born: in 1015, daughter of Ulrich=Manfredo II, Marquis de Turin (2113) and Berthe d'Este (2114) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1025: Hermann IV, Duke de Souabe (6908),, son of Ernst I, Margrave of Austria (7739) and Gisèle de Souabe (7458) (Hermann IV was Adélaïde's first husband. Roderick Stuart's Royalty for Commoners reverses Adèlaïde's marriage order and places Hermann IV as her first husband which in turn creates date conflicts). Married before 19 Jan 1042: Henri, Marquis de Montferrat (6909),, son of Guillaume I, Margrave de Ligurie (17038) and Wada N? (17039) (Henri was Adélaïde's second husband). Married in 1046: Odon dit Amé, Comte de Savoie (2111),, son of Humbert, Comte de Savoie (2107) and Ancilie du Valais (2108) (Odon was Adèlaïde's third husband). Died: on 19 Oct 1091.

960. Rostaing II10 de Sabran (7840) (Stuart, Page 86, Line 116-33.). Born: before 1043 at Saint-André, Avignon, Provence, France, son of Émenon de Sabran (7842) and N? N? (7843), Rostaing and his father Émenon were known to be in Saint-André in 1043. Died: after 1043. Married before 1068: N?N? (7841).

961. N?10 N? (7841). Married before 1068: Rostaing II de Sabran (7840),, son of Émenon de Sabran (7842) and N? N? (7843).

964. Pierre10 Amic (7825) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 194-33.). Born: before 1064, son of Amic d'Avignon (7827) and N? N? (7828), Pierre was alive in the year 1064 and in 1094. Married before 1085: Agnès N? (7826). Died: between 1094 and 1113.

965. Agnès10 N? (7826) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 194-33.). Married Name: Amic (7826). Born: before 1070 Agnès is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Giraud was born. Married before 1085: Pierre Amic (7825),, son of Amic d'Avignon (7827) and N? N? (7828). Died: after 1113 Agnès was alive in the years 1094 and 1113.

976. Raimond, Dean10 d'Avignon (7852). Born: before 1028 at Avignon, Comtat Venaissin, France, son of Bérenger, Vicomte d'Avignon (7854) and Gerberge de Nice (7855), Raimond and his father Bérenger was listed in Bishop Bezenet's foundation charter of Saint Ruf in 1038 and is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age at that time. Married before 1084: Ramone de Posquières (7853) (Ramone was dowered with the lands of Nîmes). Note - before 1096: Raimon was removed to Nîmes by 12 July 1096. Died: between 1096 and 1097 at Nîmes, Gard, Languedoc, France.

977. Ramone10 de Posquières (7853) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-33.). Married Name: d'Avignon (7853). Born: before 1070 at Nîmes, Gard, Languedoc, France Ramone is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Raimond was born. Married before 1084: Raimond,Dean d'Avignon (7852),, son of Bérenger, Vicomte d'Avignon (7854) and Gerberge de Nice (7855) (Ramone was dowered with the lands of Nîmes).

978. Éléazer, Seigneur10 d'Uzès (7850) (Stuart, Page 144, Line 193-32.). Born: before 1070 at Uzès, Languedoc, France Éléazer is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter was born. Married before 1085: N? N? (7851). Died: in 1125 Éléazer=Elzéar was Seigneur d'Uzès from 1080 to 1125 (Abbott, Page 398.).

979. N?10 N? (7851). Married before 1085: Éléazer, Seigneur d'Uzès (7850).

992. Armengol III, Count10 d'Urgel (7858) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted at ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/genfiles/barclona.txt, on 2 May 1996 at 13:58 Hours.). Also Known As: Armengol "El de Barbastro" (7858). Born: before 1028 at France, son of Armengol II, Count d'Urgel (7862) and Constance Velasquita de Bésalu (7863). Married in 1050 at Spain: Adélaïde de Bésalu (10840),, daughter of Guillaume, Count de Bésalu (10891) and Adélaïde de Provence (10842) (Adélaïde was Armengol III's first wife) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 1055: Clémence de Bigorre (7859),, daughter of Bernard II, Count de Bigorre (7860) and Clémence N? (7861) (Clémence was Armengol III's second wife). Married in 1065 at Spain: Sancha, Princess de Aragon (10843),, daughter of Ramiro I, King de Aragon (7885) and Gilberge=Hermesende de Consérans (7886) (Sancha was Armengol III's third wife) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: in Mar 1065 at Barbastro, Aragon, Huesca, Spain, Armengol III was slain.

993. Clémence10 de Bigorre (7859) (Stuart, Page 145, Line 195-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Foix" posted on 21 March 1995 at 02:08 Hours.). AKA: Clémence de Foix (7859). Born: before 1040, daughter of Bernard II, Count de Bigorre (7860) and Clémence N? (7861), Clémence is presumed to havebeen at least 15 years of age when she married Armengol. Married in 1055: Armengol III, Count d'Urgel (7858),, son of Armengol II, Count d'Urgel (7862) and Constance Velasquita de Bésalu (7863) (Clémence was Armengol III's second wife). Died: in 1065 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

994. Guillaume IV/VI dit Bertrand, Count10 de Forcalquier (2967) (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 197-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 12 September 1994 at 00:57 Hours.) (Abbott, Pages 606, 613.). Born: circa 1025 at France, son of Geofroy I, Count de Provence (1999) and Étiennette=Douce de Gévaudan (2000), Some sources indicate that Guillaume dit Bertrand was son of Fouques Bertrand by a wife, Hildegarde. The numbering among these sources are not in agreement, but they all show this Guillaume as father of Adélaïde who married Armengol IV d'Urgel. MaterAlter: circa 1025 Bertrande de Toulouse (6627)/Guillaume IV/VI dit Bertrand, Count de Forcalquier (2967) (Abbott, Page 606.). PaterAlter circa 1025 Guillaume IV/VI dit Bertrand, Count de Forcalquier (2967)/Fouques Bertrand I, Count de Provence (6626) (an unknown value) (Abbott, Page 606.).Married before 1066: Adélaïde d'Ivrée (2968),, daughter of Ardouin II, Count d'Ivrée (8094) and N? N? (8095) (Adélaïde was Guillaume IV/VI's second wife). Died: circa 1067.

995. Adélaïde10 d'Ivrée (2968) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 197-33.). Married Name: de Forcalquier (2968). Born: before 1051, daughter of Ardouin II, Count d'Ivrée (8094) and N? N? (8095), Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Adélaïde was born. Married before 1066: Guillaume IV/VI dit Bertrand, Count de Forcalquier (2967),, son of Geofroy I, Count de Provence (1999) and Étiennette=Douce de Gévaudan (2000) (Adélaïde was Guillaume IV/VI's second wife). Died: after 12 Oct 1113.

996. Guigues VII, Count10 d'Albon (2462) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.). AKA: Guigues VII, Sire de Vion (2462). AKA:

Guigues II, Count de Grenoble (2462). Also Known As: Guigues "Le Gros" (2462) (Abbott, Page 581.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.). AKA: Guigues II, Comte d'Albon (2462) (Abbott, Page 581.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24279, 7 December 2008.). Born: circa 1025 at Albon, Dauphiné, France, son of Guigues VI, Count d'Albon (2460) and Adélaïde=Alix de Beaujeu (2461), Guigues VII and his brother Humbert witnessed a Charter on 20 August 1034. This Guigues' parentage is in question and some sources [E.S.] appear skip one generation to assert that he was the son of Guigues, Comte d'Albon by Gotelenne de Clérieux. The lineage given here is supported by André Roux, and Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" who claims support from E.S., III:738 andMantayer. MaterAlter: circa 1025 Gotelenne de Clérieux (2459)/Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462). PaterAlter circa 1025 Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462)/Guigues V, Count de Vienne (2458) (an unknown value). Married circa 1050: Alsinde de Beaujeu (20089),, daughter of Guichard II, Seigneur de Beaujeu (1759) and Ricoaire de Salornay (1760). Married on 27 Apr 1050: Pétronille = Adélaïs de Royans (2463),, daughter of N? d'Argental (26135) and N? N? (26136) (Pétronille was Guigues VII's first wife). Married on 10 May 1070 at Dauphiné, France: Agnès de Barcelone (6710),, daughter of Raymond-Bérenger I, Count de Barcelone (810) and Almodis de La Marche (807). Died: on 22 Apr 1095 at France Both Guigues VII and his father were alive in the years 1053. Guigues VII is buried in Saint-Robert.

997. Pétronille = Adélaïs10 de Royans (2463) (André Roux: Scrolls, 127.) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=169859, 7 December 2008.). Married Name: d'Albon (2463). AKA: Adélaïs de Turin (2463) (Stuart, Page 146, Line 196-33.). AKA: Pétronille d'Argental (2463) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=101730, 7 December 2008.). Born: in 1035 at Royans, Dauphiné, France, daughter of N? d'Argental (26135) and N? N? (26136), Pétronille was alive in the year 1050. Married on 27 Apr 1050: Guigues VII, Count d'Albon (2462),, son of Guigues VI, Count d'Albon (2460) and Adélaïde=Alix de Beaujeu (2461) (Pétronille was Guigues VII's first wife). Died: between 1068 and 1070 at Dauphiné, France, Pétronille is buried in Domène.

998. Edgar Aetheling, King of10 England (2466) (Stuart, Page 157, Line 196-32.). Also Known As: Eadgar "The Exile" (2466). Born: circa 1048 at England, son of Edward Aetheling, Prince of England (6719) and Agatha von Braunschweig (6720). Married before 1075: N. of Carlyle (2467),, daughter of Maldred, Lord of Carlyle (6711) and Ealdgyth of Northumberland (6712). Died: in Dec 1126 at England.

999. N. of10 Carlyle (2467) (Stuart, Page 147, Line 196-32.). Married Name: England (2467). Born: before 1045, daughter of Maldred, Lord of Carlyle (6711) and Ealdgyth of Northumberland (6712). Married before 1075: Edgar Aetheling, King of England (2466),, son of Edward Aetheling, Prince of England (6719) and Agatha von Braunschweig (6720).

Printed on: 13 Jan 2018 Prepared by:Michael J.M. Raffin, Ph.D.USAmraffin@aol.comhttp://Doc5thMech.com

Bibliography

André Castelot, Alain Decaux, Marcel Jullian et J. Levron. Histoire de La France et des Français au Jour le Jour. in no series (n.p.: Librairie AcadémiquePerrin, 1976).

André Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls, n.d.

Citing: Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy: et des anciens Barons du Royaume, Collection H&G, (édition originale 1726-1733 et suppplément de Potier de Courcy en 12 volumes), n.d.

Hallam, Elizabeth M., Capetian France: 987 - 1328 in ISBN: 0-582-48909-1 (Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman Group, Ltd., 1980).

Information posted on the Internet, <, [CD]>.

Keats-Rohan, K.S.B. (ed.), Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century ISBN: 0-85115-625-8, (Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, Inc., 1997).

M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois. Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Contenant lesa Généalogies, l'Histoire et la Chronologie des Familles Nobles de France in Volumes, 1 to 15 (Seconde Édition; Rue St-Jacques, Paris: Antoine Boudet, Libraire-Imprimeur du Roi, (1770 - 1786)).

M. Lainé (Pub). Archives Généalogiques et Historiques de La Noblesse de France ou Receuil de Preuves, Mémoires et Notices Généalogiques in Imprimerie de Béthune, Rue Palatine, No. 5, 1 - 11 (No. 1, Rue du Paon-Saint-André-des-Arcs, Paris, France: M. Lainé, 1828 - 1850).

Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich. Pedigrees and Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants. in ISBN: 0-8063-0494-4 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1996).

P.D. Abbott, Provinces, Pays and Seigneuries of France in ISBN: 0-9593773-0-1 (Author at 266 Myrtleford, 3737, Australia: Priries Printers Pty. Ltd, Canberra A.C.T., Australia, November, 1981).

Paul Augé. Nouveau Larousse Universel in no series (13 à 21 Rue Montparnasse et Boulevard Raspail 114: Librairie Larousse, 1948).

Paul Theroff, posts on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service, was a member as of 5 April 1994, at which time he held the identification MPSE79A, until July, 1996. His main source was Europaseische Stammtafeln.

Poull, Georges. La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar in no series (ISBN: 2-86480-831-5; Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy, 1994).

Rosamond McKitterick. The Frankish kingdom under the Carolingians: 751-987. in no series (Singapore: Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd, (c) 1983).

Source is from a note posted on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Computer online services., n.d.

Stewart Ross. Monarchs of Scotland in no series (460 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016: Facts on File, Inc., 1990).

Stuart, Roderick W., Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992).

_________. Mike Talbot was a Prodigy Member as of 5 September 1993 at which time he held the identification of YSHA60A. He discontinued his membership shortly thereafter when prices were raised. in no series (n.p.: n.pub., n.d.).

_________. Personal Research. References with "FHL" numbers refer to the microfilm number availble from the Family Home Library headquartered inSalt Lake City, with local branches. in no series (n.p.: n.pub., n.d.).