AHMAD AMINU ABDULAZEEZDR. OGUNDARE U.O

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* Introduction* Professionals in dental practice* The dental Office* Specializations in dentistry

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A branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also in the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial region.

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DENTIST – This is a doctor who specializes in dentistry. He is also known as a dental surgeon.

DENTAL THERAPIST – This is a dental care giver who does professional tooth cleaning for patients. He/she is also involved in oral health education of patients.

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DENTAL NURSE / DSA / DST – This is an assistant of the dental surgeon. He is responsible for the clinic area, instruments and equipment management as well as pre & post operative care of patients.

DENTAL TECHNOLOGIST – This is a member of the dental team who, upon prescription from a dental clinician, constructs custom–made prostheses and dental appliances.

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This is also known as the dental clinic.It comprises the following;

- Dental chair / unit- Air compressor- Autoclave- Dental X-ray including OPG- X-ray film processor- Instrument trays, dental materials

etc

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Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery:- This is concerned with treating diseases, injuries and defects of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard & soft tissues of the mouth.

Prosthodontics:- This is concerned with the design, manufacture and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of the mouth.

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Periodontology:- This deals with diseases and conditions affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth.

Oral Medicine:- This is concerned with the medical (non-surgical) treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa.

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Orthodontics:- This deals primarily with the diagnosis, prevention and correction of malposed teeth and jaw growth anomalies.

Paedodontics:- This is concerned with the dental care and treatment of children.

Oral pathology:- This is concerned with diagnosis and study of the causes and effects of diseases affecting the oral & maxillofacial region.

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Conservative Dentistry:- This is concerned with conserving teeth in the mouth -----fillings, crowns, bridges, root canal therapy

Oral Radiology:- This deals with performance and interpretation of diagnostic imaging used for examining the craniofacial, dental & adjacent structures.

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* Introduction* Scope : - Trauma - Infections - Tumours - Congenital anomalies

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This is the branch of dentistry that deals with treatment of diseases, injuries and defects of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard & soft tissues of the mouth.

It also deals with reconstruction & restoration of facial aesthetics which may have been disrupted by trauma, surgery and other causes.04/21/23 Hospital presentation, NOHD 16

This refers to any physical injury to the face.

CAUSES – Vehicular crashes - Interpersonal violence - Falls - Industrial accidents

- Sport injuries - Gunshot injuries

- Blasts - Animal attacks04/21/23 Hospital presentation, NOHD 17

Soft tissue involvement – Contusion - Abrasion - Laceration - Avulsion - Burns

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Bony involvement – Nasal complex fracture Zygomatic complex

fracture Orbital fractures Le – Fort I fracture Le – Fort II fracture Le – Fort III fracture Mandibular fractures

(Dento – alveolar, symphyseal, parasymphyseal, body, angle, ramus, condylar)

# Radiographic investigations are important for proper management of facial trauma. OMV, SMV, PA Jaws, Lateral Skull, Lateral oblique mandible, CT Scan.

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This is a pathologic condition where the mandible is fused to the glenoid fossa by bony or fibrotic tissues.

CAUSES – Trauma or infection

EFFECTS – Inability to open mouthFacial deformityInability to chewDifficulty of speechPoor oral hygiene

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AIM OF TREATMENT:- Improve mouth opening, correct associated facial deformity, decrease pain & prevent re-ankylosis

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This is a distressing condition that occurs when the mandibular condyle becomes fixed in the articular eminence of the temporal bone. The TMJ locks in an open position.

CAUSES – Excessive yawning - Trauma - Singing - Intubation - Dental procedures04/21/23 Hospital presentation, NOHD 27

EFFECTS – Inability to close the mouthDrooling of saliva

Aim of treatment: - Reduce anxiety - Relieve pain - Reposition joint - Prevent recurrence

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Dental abscesses – Periapical abscess Periodontal abscess Dentoalveolar abscess

Space infection – Buccal space abscessSubmasseteric space

abscessSubmandibular space

abscessSublingual space abscessSubmental space abscessLUDWIG’S ANGINA

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Ludwig’s Angina

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- Benign or Malignant neoplasm

- Jaw or Soft tissue neoplasm

- Cysts

- Salivary gland tumours

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A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose.A cleft palate is when the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose.

CAUSE – MultifactorialRISK FACTORS – Increasing maternal age, Folic acid deficiency

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Management - Maxillofacial surgeon and other specialists.

Surgery – Cheiloplasty, Palatoplasty

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BEFORE AFTER

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There are several conditions of the orofacial region that present to dental and Maxillofacial surgeons. Many of these conditions usually start small, with or without pain.

In view of this, it is wise for patients to present early in order to prevent life – threatening complications.

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Next week (November 25th, 2015):INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (I.T) Unit(Topic: Role of Information Technology in the Hospital)

Fortnight December 2nd, 2015):ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY UNIT

…Have a Nice Day

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